Articles | Volume 18, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6659-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6659-2025
Research article
 | 
18 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 18 Nov 2025

A feasibility study to reconstruct atmospheric rivers using space- and ground-based GNSS observations

Endrit Shehaj, Stephen Leroy, Kerri Cahoy, Juliana Chew, and Benedikt Soja

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Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-1516', Anonymous Referee #1, 16 Jun 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Endrit Shehaj, 25 Aug 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-1516', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 Jul 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC2', Endrit Shehaj, 25 Aug 2025

Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Endrit Shehaj on behalf of the Authors (25 Aug 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (26 Aug 2025) by Peter Alexander
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (12 Sep 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (24 Sep 2025)
EF by Anna Mirena Feist-Polner (02 Sep 2025)  Supplement 
ED: Publish as is (27 Sep 2025) by Peter Alexander
AR by Endrit Shehaj on behalf of the Authors (12 Oct 2025)  Manuscript 
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Short summary
We investigate the capability of machine learning models, trained with space and ground Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) observations, to produce fields of refractivity and water vapor that describe the spatiotemporal morphology of atmospheric rivers (ARs) and quantify moisture associated with them to a degree sufficient for atmospheric studies. The reconstructed fields can be used to monitor ARs. It studies what low-Earth orbit (LEO) radio occultation (RO) constellation is appropriate to quantify the structure, location and timing of ARs.
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