Retrieving tropospheric temperature and humidity profiles over the ocean using buoy-based microwave radiometers

Li, Zhiqian; Liu, Fuqing; Jiang, Shuo; Zhou, Zhongling; Qiu, Zhijin; Zou, Jing; Hu, Tong; Qi, Ke; Wang, Bo; Wang, Bin

doi:10.5194/amt-19-4121-2026

Articles | Volume 19, issue 12

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4121-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4121-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 12

Research article

|

25 Jun 2026

Research article |

| 25 Jun 2026

Retrieving tropospheric temperature and humidity profiles over the ocean using buoy-based microwave radiometers

Zhiqian Li, Fuqing Liu, Shuo Jiang, Zhongling Zhou, Zhijin Qiu, Jing Zou, Tong Hu, Ke Qi, Bo Wang, and Bin Wang

Data sets

Source code, sea-trial observational dataset, and processing scripts for "Retrieving Tropospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles Over the Ocean Using Buoy-Based Microwave Radiometers" Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17389912

Upper-air sounding data archive, Qingdao station (ID 54857) University of Wyoming http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/bufrraob.shtml

Model code and software

Source code, sea-trial observational dataset, and processing scripts for "Retrieving Tropospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles Over the Ocean Using Buoy-Based Microwave Radiometers" Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17389912

Short summary

Ocean-atmosphere temperature and humidity profiles are vital for forecasting and monitoring, yet buoys yield sparse, wave-distorted data. We replace historical fitting with a multi-objective genetic algorithm coupled to real-time platform-attitude correction, removing sway errors and enabling continuous marine atmospheric sensing.