Articles | Volume 9, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3467-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3467-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Aug 2016
Research article |
| 01 Aug 2016
The Moon as a photometric calibration standard for microwave sensors
Martin Burgdorf
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Stefan A. Buehler
Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Theresa Lang
Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Simon Michel
Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Imke Hans
Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A Calibrated Lunar Microwave Radiative Transfer Model Based on Satellite Observations H. Yang & M. Burgdorf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215501
- A Study of Lunar Microwave Radiation Based on Satellite Observations H. Yang & M. Burgdorf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071129
- Insights into the Microwave Instruments Onboard the Fengyun 3D Satellite: Data Quality and Assimilation in the Met Office NWP System F. Carminati et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0010-1
- A study of a two-dimensional scanned lunar image for Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) geometric calibration J. Zhou & H. Yang https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4983-2019
- In-orbit verification of microwave humidity sounder spectral channels coregistration using the moon R. Bonsignori https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.12.025013
- The Moon as a Microwave Calibration Reference S. Keihm et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3526596
- Effective Lunar Microwave Brightness Temperature Observed by MWHS-II Onboard FY-3C Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3547344
- Extending the Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) to Tie Satellite Radiances to an Absolute Scale T. Hewison et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111782
- ATMS Radiance Data Products’ Calibration and Evaluation H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3123576
- Developing Vicarious Calibration for Microwave Sounding Instruments Using Lunar Radiation H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2018.2841997
- 2-D Lunar Microwave Radiance Observations From the NOAA-20 ATMS H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2020.3012518
- Disk-Integrated Lunar Brightness Temperatures between 89 and 190 GHz M. Burgdorf et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2350476
- Inter-channel uniformity of a microwave sounder in space M. Burgdorf et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4005-2018
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A Calibrated Lunar Microwave Radiative Transfer Model Based on Satellite Observations H. Yang & M. Burgdorf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215501
- A Study of Lunar Microwave Radiation Based on Satellite Observations H. Yang & M. Burgdorf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071129
- Insights into the Microwave Instruments Onboard the Fengyun 3D Satellite: Data Quality and Assimilation in the Met Office NWP System F. Carminati et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0010-1
- A study of a two-dimensional scanned lunar image for Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) geometric calibration J. Zhou & H. Yang https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4983-2019
- In-orbit verification of microwave humidity sounder spectral channels coregistration using the moon R. Bonsignori https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.12.025013
- The Moon as a Microwave Calibration Reference S. Keihm et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3526596
- Effective Lunar Microwave Brightness Temperature Observed by MWHS-II Onboard FY-3C Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3547344
- Extending the Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) to Tie Satellite Radiances to an Absolute Scale T. Hewison et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111782
- ATMS Radiance Data Products’ Calibration and Evaluation H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3123576
- Developing Vicarious Calibration for Microwave Sounding Instruments Using Lunar Radiation H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2018.2841997
- 2-D Lunar Microwave Radiance Observations From the NOAA-20 ATMS H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2020.3012518
- Disk-Integrated Lunar Brightness Temperatures between 89 and 190 GHz M. Burgdorf et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2350476
- Inter-channel uniformity of a microwave sounder in space M. Burgdorf et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4005-2018
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 18 Jun 2026
Short summary
The upper-tropospheric humidity is an essential climate variable, which can be measured with microwave sounders in polar orbits. A stable photometric calibration of these instruments is indispensable for detecting long-term trends. We demonstrate that this can be achieved by using the Moon in a fixed phase as a flux standard for dedicated pitch maneuver observations. This method is particularly suited for future sensors with small beamwidths.
The upper-tropospheric humidity is an essential climate variable, which can be measured with...
