Articles | Volume 14, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5127-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5127-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Jul 2021
Research article |
| 28 Jul 2021
| 28 Jul 2021
GNSS-based water vapor estimation and validation during the MOSAiC expedition
Benjamin Männel
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
Florian Zus
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
Galina Dick
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
Susanne Glaser
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
Maximilian Semmling
DLR-SO Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Neustrelitz, Germany
Kyriakos Balidakis
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
Jens Wickert
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
Chair GNSS Remote Sensing, Navigation, and Positioning, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Marion Maturilli
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Bremerhaven, Germany
Sandro Dahlke
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Bremerhaven, Germany
Harald Schuh
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
Chair Satellite Geodesy, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluation of Shipborne GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor Over Global Oceans From 2014 to 2018 Z. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3142745
- Water Vapour Assessment Using GNSS and Radiosondes over Polar Regions and Estimation of Climatological Trends from Long-Term Time Series Analysis M. Negusini et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234871
- Atmospheric temperature, water vapour and liquid water path from two microwave radiometers during MOSAiC A. Walbröl et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01504-1
- Measurement report: Can zenith wet delay from GNSS “see” atmospheric turbulence? Insights from case studies across diverse climate zones G. Kermarrec et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3567-2025
- Real-time oceanic PWV sensing using BeiDou-3 PPP-B2b and low-cost GNSS devices H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02039-8
- Routine Measurement of Water Vapour Using GNSS in the Framework of the Map-Io Project P. Bosser et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060903
- Evaluating the Accuracy of Satellite-Based Microwave Radiometer PWV Products Using Shipborne GNSS Observations Across the Pacific Ocean Y. Gong et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3129001
- Retrieving Accurate Precipitable Water Vapor Based on GNSS Multi‐Antenna PPP With an Ocean‐Based Dynamic Experiment J. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL102982
- Sensitivity of Shipborne GNSS Estimates to Processing Modeling Based on Simulated Dataset A. Panetier et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146605
- Observation based precipitation life cycle analysis of heavy rainfall events in the southeastern Alpine forelands S. Haas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-949-2025
- Sea-Ice Permittivity Derived From GNSS Reflection Profiles: Results of the MOSAiC Expedition A. Semmling et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3121993
- Shipborne ZTD Retrieval With a Low-Cost GNSS Receiver X. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2024.3368057
- High-resolution atmospheric data cubes from the WegenerNet 3D Open-Air Laboratory for Climate Change Research A. Kvas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1165-2026
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluation of Shipborne GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor Over Global Oceans From 2014 to 2018 Z. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3142745
- Water Vapour Assessment Using GNSS and Radiosondes over Polar Regions and Estimation of Climatological Trends from Long-Term Time Series Analysis M. Negusini et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234871
- Atmospheric temperature, water vapour and liquid water path from two microwave radiometers during MOSAiC A. Walbröl et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01504-1
- Measurement report: Can zenith wet delay from GNSS “see” atmospheric turbulence? Insights from case studies across diverse climate zones G. Kermarrec et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3567-2025
- Real-time oceanic PWV sensing using BeiDou-3 PPP-B2b and low-cost GNSS devices H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02039-8
- Routine Measurement of Water Vapour Using GNSS in the Framework of the Map-Io Project P. Bosser et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060903
- Evaluating the Accuracy of Satellite-Based Microwave Radiometer PWV Products Using Shipborne GNSS Observations Across the Pacific Ocean Y. Gong et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3129001
- Retrieving Accurate Precipitable Water Vapor Based on GNSS Multi‐Antenna PPP With an Ocean‐Based Dynamic Experiment J. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL102982
- Sensitivity of Shipborne GNSS Estimates to Processing Modeling Based on Simulated Dataset A. Panetier et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146605
- Observation based precipitation life cycle analysis of heavy rainfall events in the southeastern Alpine forelands S. Haas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-949-2025
- Sea-Ice Permittivity Derived From GNSS Reflection Profiles: Results of the MOSAiC Expedition A. Semmling et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3121993
- Shipborne ZTD Retrieval With a Low-Cost GNSS Receiver X. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2024.3368057
- High-resolution atmospheric data cubes from the WegenerNet 3D Open-Air Laboratory for Climate Change Research A. Kvas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1165-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Jun 2026
Short summary
Within the MOSAiC expedition, GNSS was used to monitor variations in atmospheric water vapor. Based on 15 months of continuously tracked data, coordinates and hourly zenith total delays (ZTDs) were determined using kinematic precise point positioning. The derived ZTD values agree within few millimeters with ERA5 and terrestrial GNSS and VLBI stations. The derived integrated water vapor corresponds to the frequently launched radiosondes (0.08 ± 0.04 kg m−2, rms of the differences of 1.47 kg m−2).
Within the MOSAiC expedition, GNSS was used to monitor variations in atmospheric water vapor....
