Articles | Volume 14, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5939-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5939-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Sep 2021
Research article |
| 02 Sep 2021
| 02 Sep 2021
Retrievals of dust-related particle mass and ice-nucleating particle concentration profiles with ground-based polarization lidar and sun photometer over a megacity in central China
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China
Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of
Education, Wuhan 430072, China
State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072,
China
Yunfei Zhang
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China
Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of
Education, Wuhan 430072, China
State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072,
China
Fuchao Liu
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China
Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of
Education, Wuhan 430072, China
State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072,
China
Zhenping Yin
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China
Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of
Education, Wuhan 430072, China
State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072,
China
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China
Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of
Education, Wuhan 430072, China
State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072,
China
Yifan Zhan
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China
Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of
Education, Wuhan 430072, China
State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072,
China
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,
China
Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of
Education, Wuhan 430072, China
State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072,
China
Related authors
Zhaolong Wu, Patric Seifert, Yun He, Holger Baars, Haoran Li, Cristofer Jimenez, Chengcai Li, and Albert Ansmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3611–3634, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3611-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3611-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a novel method to detect horizontally oriented ice crystals (HOICs) using two ground-based polarization lidars at different zenith angles, based on a yearlong dataset collected in Beijing. Combined with cloud radar and reanalysis data, the fine categorization results reveal HOICs occur in calm winds and moderately cold temperatures and are influenced by turbulence near cloud bases. The results enhance our understanding of cloud processes and improve atmospheric models.
Yun He, Goutam Choudhury, Matthias Tesche, Albert Ansmann, Fan Yi, Detlef Müller, and Zhenping Yin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2666, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2666, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a global data set of POLIPHON dust conversion factors at 532 nm obtained using Aerosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) observations at 137 sites for INP and 123 sites for CCN calculations. We also conduct a comparison of dust CCN concentration profiles derived using both POLIPHON and the independent OMCAM (Optical Modelling of the CALIPSO Aerosol Microphysics) retrieval.
Dongzhe Jing, Yun He, Zhenping Yin, Kaiming Huang, Fuchao Liu, and Fan Yi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-56, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-56, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present the evolution of tropospheric aerosols over Wuhan, central China, from 2010 to 2024. The analysis highlights the long-term aerosol characteristics and separates natural (dust) and anthropogenic (non-dust) contributions. Emission control policies were highly effective during 2010–2017. However, after 2018, lidar-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) ceased decreasing and fluctuated, and the decline in PM2.5 concentration also became slower, possibly due to atmospheric chemistry factors.
Yun He, Dongzhe Jing, Zhenping Yin, Kevin Ohneiser, and Fan Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11431–11450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11431-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11431-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a long-term ground-based lidar observation of stratospheric aerosols at a mid-latitude site, Wuhan, in central China, from 2010 to 2021. We observed a stratospheric background period from 2013 to mid-2017, along with several perturbations from volcanic aerosols and wildfire-induced smoke. In summer, injected stratospheric aerosols are found to be captured by the Asian monsoon anticyclone, resulting in prolonged residence and regional transport in the mid-latitudes of East Asia.
Huijia Shen, Zhenping Yin, Yun He, Longlong Wang, Yifan Zhan, and Dongzhe Jing
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1844, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1844, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
With space-borne lidar and radar observations, we study two dust-cirrus interaction cases near Midway Island in the central Pacific. Partial cloud parcels show evident feature of the dominance of heterogeneous nucleation. At the upper troposphere, natural INPs such as dust and smoke may result in cooling effect by increasing the cloud cover to reflect more solar radiation and modulate the cirrus microphysical properties via different ice-nucleating regimes.
Yun He, Zhenping Yin, Albert Ansmann, Fuchao Liu, Longlong Wang, Dongzhe Jing, and Huijia Shen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1951–1970, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1951-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1951-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With the AERONET database, this study derives dust-related conversion factors at oceanic sites used in the POLIPHON method, which can convert lidar-retrieved dust extinction to ice-nucleating particle (INP)- and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-relevant parameters. The particle linear depolarization ratio in the AERONET aerosol inversion product is used to identify dust data points. The derived conversion factors can be applied to inverse 3-D global distributions of dust-related INPCs and CCNCs.
Yun He, Zhenping Yin, Fuchao Liu, and Fan Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13067–13085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13067-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13067-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A method is proposed to identify the sole presence of heterogeneous nucleation and competition between heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation for dust-related cirrus clouds by characterizing the relationship between dust ice-nucleating particle concentration calculated from CALIOP using the POLIPHON method and in-cloud ice crystal number concentration from the DARDAR-Nice dataset. Two typical cirrus cases are shown as a demonstration, and the proposed method can be extended to a global scale.
Yang Yi, Fan Yi, Fuchao Liu, Yunpeng Zhang, Changming Yu, and Yun He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17649–17664, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17649-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17649-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our lidar observations reveal the complete microphysical process of hydrometeors falling from mid-level stratiform clouds. We find that the surface rainfall begins as supercooled mixed-phase hydrometeors fall out of a liquid parent cloud base. We find also that the collision–coalescence growth of precipitating raindrops and subsequent spontaneous breakup always occur around 0.6 km altitude during surface rainfalls. Our findings provide new insights into stratiform precipitation formation.
Fuchao Liu, Fan Yi, Zhenping Yin, Yunpeng Zhang, Yun He, and Yang Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2981–2998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2981-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2981-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using high-resolution lidar measurements, this process-based study reveals that the clear-day convective boundary layer evolves in four distinct stages differing in depth growth rate and depth fluctuation magnitudes. The accompanying entrainment zone thickness (EZT) shows a discrepancy in statistical mean and standard deviation for different seasons and developing stages. Common EZT characteristics also exist. These findings help us understand the atmospheric boundary layer evolution.
Zhaolong Wu, Patric Seifert, Yun He, Holger Baars, Haoran Li, Cristofer Jimenez, Chengcai Li, and Albert Ansmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3611–3634, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3611-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3611-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a novel method to detect horizontally oriented ice crystals (HOICs) using two ground-based polarization lidars at different zenith angles, based on a yearlong dataset collected in Beijing. Combined with cloud radar and reanalysis data, the fine categorization results reveal HOICs occur in calm winds and moderately cold temperatures and are influenced by turbulence near cloud bases. The results enhance our understanding of cloud processes and improve atmospheric models.
Yun He, Goutam Choudhury, Matthias Tesche, Albert Ansmann, Fan Yi, Detlef Müller, and Zhenping Yin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2666, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2666, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a global data set of POLIPHON dust conversion factors at 532 nm obtained using Aerosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) observations at 137 sites for INP and 123 sites for CCN calculations. We also conduct a comparison of dust CCN concentration profiles derived using both POLIPHON and the independent OMCAM (Optical Modelling of the CALIPSO Aerosol Microphysics) retrieval.
Zirui Zhang, Kaiming Huang, Fan Yi, Wei Cheng, Fuchao Liu, Jian Zhang, and Yue Jia
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3347–3361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3347-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3347-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The height of the convective boundary layer (CBLH) is related to our health due to its crucial role in pollutant dispersion. The variance of vertical velocity from millimeter wave cloud radar (MMCR) can accurately capture the diurnal evolution of the CBLH, due to a small blind range and less impact by the residual layer. The CBLH is affected by radiation, humidity, cloud, and precipitation; thus, the MMCR is suitable for monitoring the CBLH, owing to its observation capability in various weather conditions.
Dongzhe Jing, Yun He, Zhenping Yin, Kaiming Huang, Fuchao Liu, and Fan Yi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-56, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-56, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present the evolution of tropospheric aerosols over Wuhan, central China, from 2010 to 2024. The analysis highlights the long-term aerosol characteristics and separates natural (dust) and anthropogenic (non-dust) contributions. Emission control policies were highly effective during 2010–2017. However, after 2018, lidar-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) ceased decreasing and fluctuated, and the decline in PM2.5 concentration also became slower, possibly due to atmospheric chemistry factors.
Yun He, Dongzhe Jing, Zhenping Yin, Kevin Ohneiser, and Fan Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11431–11450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11431-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11431-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a long-term ground-based lidar observation of stratospheric aerosols at a mid-latitude site, Wuhan, in central China, from 2010 to 2021. We observed a stratospheric background period from 2013 to mid-2017, along with several perturbations from volcanic aerosols and wildfire-induced smoke. In summer, injected stratospheric aerosols are found to be captured by the Asian monsoon anticyclone, resulting in prolonged residence and regional transport in the mid-latitudes of East Asia.
Longlong Wang, Zhenping Yin, Zhichao Bu, Anzhou Wang, Song Mao, Yang Yi, Detlef Müller, Yubao Chen, and Xuan Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4307–4318, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4307-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4307-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report the lidar inter-comparison results with a reference lidar at 1064 nm, in order to homogenize the signals provided by different lidar systems for establishing a lidar network in China. The profiles of relative deviation of lidar signals are less than 5 % within 500–2000 m and 10 % within 2000–5000 m, increasing confidence in the reliability of the signals provided by each lidar system in the channels at 1064 nm for a future lidar network in China.
Huijia Shen, Zhenping Yin, Yun He, Longlong Wang, Yifan Zhan, and Dongzhe Jing
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1844, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1844, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
With space-borne lidar and radar observations, we study two dust-cirrus interaction cases near Midway Island in the central Pacific. Partial cloud parcels show evident feature of the dominance of heterogeneous nucleation. At the upper troposphere, natural INPs such as dust and smoke may result in cooling effect by increasing the cloud cover to reflect more solar radiation and modulate the cirrus microphysical properties via different ice-nucleating regimes.
Athena Augusta Floutsi, Holger Baars, Ronny Engelmann, Dietrich Althausen, Albert Ansmann, Stephanie Bohlmann, Birgit Heese, Julian Hofer, Thomas Kanitz, Moritz Haarig, Kevin Ohneiser, Martin Radenz, Patric Seifert, Annett Skupin, Zhenping Yin, Sabur F. Abdullaev, Mika Komppula, Maria Filioglou, Elina Giannakaki, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Lucja Janicka, Daniele Bortoli, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Anna Gialitaki, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Boris Barja, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2353–2379, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2353-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2353-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
DeLiAn is a collection of lidar-derived aerosol intensive optical properties for several aerosol types, namely the particle linear depolarization ratio, the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) and the Ångström exponent. The data collection is based on globally distributed, long-term, ground-based, multiwavelength, Raman and polarization lidar measurements and currently covers two wavelengths, 355 and 532 nm, for 13 aerosol categories ranging from basic aerosol types to mixtures.
Yun He, Zhenping Yin, Albert Ansmann, Fuchao Liu, Longlong Wang, Dongzhe Jing, and Huijia Shen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1951–1970, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1951-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1951-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With the AERONET database, this study derives dust-related conversion factors at oceanic sites used in the POLIPHON method, which can convert lidar-retrieved dust extinction to ice-nucleating particle (INP)- and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-relevant parameters. The particle linear depolarization ratio in the AERONET aerosol inversion product is used to identify dust data points. The derived conversion factors can be applied to inverse 3-D global distributions of dust-related INPCs and CCNCs.
Yun He, Zhenping Yin, Fuchao Liu, and Fan Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13067–13085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13067-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13067-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A method is proposed to identify the sole presence of heterogeneous nucleation and competition between heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation for dust-related cirrus clouds by characterizing the relationship between dust ice-nucleating particle concentration calculated from CALIOP using the POLIPHON method and in-cloud ice crystal number concentration from the DARDAR-Nice dataset. Two typical cirrus cases are shown as a demonstration, and the proposed method can be extended to a global scale.
Yang Yi, Fan Yi, Fuchao Liu, Yunpeng Zhang, Changming Yu, and Yun He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17649–17664, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17649-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17649-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our lidar observations reveal the complete microphysical process of hydrometeors falling from mid-level stratiform clouds. We find that the surface rainfall begins as supercooled mixed-phase hydrometeors fall out of a liquid parent cloud base. We find also that the collision–coalescence growth of precipitating raindrops and subsequent spontaneous breakup always occur around 0.6 km altitude during surface rainfalls. Our findings provide new insights into stratiform precipitation formation.
Minkang Du, Kaiming Huang, Shaodong Zhang, Chunming Huang, Yun Gong, and Fan Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13553–13569, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13553-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13553-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
El Niño has an important influence on climate systems. There are obviously negative water vapor anomalies from radiosonde observations in the tropical western Pacific during El Niño. The tropical Hadley, Walker, and monsoon circulation variations are revealed to play different roles in the observed water vapor anomaly in different types of El Niños. The Walker (monsoon) circulation anomaly made a major contribution in the 2015/16 (2009/10) strong eastern Pacific (central Pacific) El Niño event.
Martin Radenz, Patric Seifert, Holger Baars, Athena Augusta Floutsi, Zhenping Yin, and Johannes Bühl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3015–3033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3015-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3015-2021, 2021
Fuchao Liu, Fan Yi, Zhenping Yin, Yunpeng Zhang, Yun He, and Yang Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2981–2998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2981-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2981-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using high-resolution lidar measurements, this process-based study reveals that the clear-day convective boundary layer evolves in four distinct stages differing in depth growth rate and depth fluctuation magnitudes. The accompanying entrainment zone thickness (EZT) shows a discrepancy in statistical mean and standard deviation for different seasons and developing stages. Common EZT characteristics also exist. These findings help us understand the atmospheric boundary layer evolution.
Cristofer Jimenez, Albert Ansmann, Ronny Engelmann, David Donovan, Aleksey Malinka, Patric Seifert, Robert Wiesen, Martin Radenz, Zhenping Yin, Johannes Bühl, Jörg Schmidt, Boris Barja, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15265–15284, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15265-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15265-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Part 2 presents the application of the dual-FOV polarization lidar technique introduced in Part 1. A lidar system was upgraded with a second polarization telescope, and it was deployed at the southernmost tip of South America. A comparison with alternative remote sensing techniques and the evaluation of the aerosol–cloud–wind relation in a convective boundary layer in pristine marine conditions are presented in two case studies, demonstrating the potential of the approach for ACI studies.
Hannes J. Griesche, Patric Seifert, Albert Ansmann, Holger Baars, Carola Barrientos Velasco, Johannes Bühl, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Yin Zhenping, and Andreas Macke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5335–5358, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5335-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5335-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2017, the research vessel Polarstern performed cruise PS106 to the Arctic north of Svalbard. In the frame of the cruise, remote-sensing observations of the atmosphere were performed on Polarstern to continuously monitor aerosol and clouds above the vessel. In our study, we present the deployed instrumentation and applied data analysis methods and provide case studies of the aerosol and cloud observations made during the cruise. Statistics of low-cloud occurrence are presented as well.
Cited articles
Ansmann, A., Petzold, A., Kandler, K., Tegen, I., Wendisch, M., Müller, D., Weinzierl, B., Müller, T., and Heintzenberg, J.: Saharan mineral dust experiments SAMUM-1 and SAMUM-2: What have we learned? Tellus B, 63, 403–429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00555.x, 2011.
Ansmann, A., Seifert, P., Tesche, M., and Wandinger, U.: Profiling of fine and coarse particle mass: case studies of Saharan dust and Eyjafjallajökull/Grimsvötn volcanic plumes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9399–9415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9399-2012, 2012.
Ansmann, A., Mamouri, R.-E., Bühl, J., Seifert, P., Engelmann, R., Hofer, J., Nisantzi, A., Atkinson, J. D., Kanji, Z. A., Sierau, B., Vrekoussis, M., and Sciare, J.: Ice-nucleating particle versus ice crystal number concentrationin altocumulus and cirrus layers embedded in Saharan dust:a closure study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15087–15115, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15087-2019, 2019a.
Ansmann, A., Mamouri, R.-E., Hofer, J., Baars, H., Althausen, D., and Abdullaev, S. F.: Dust mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particle profiling with polarization lidar: updated POLIPHON conversion factors from global AERONET analysis, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4849–4865, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4849-2019, 2019b.
Ansmann, A., Ohneiser, K., Mamouri, R.-E., Knopf, D. A., Veselovskii, I., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., Foth, A., Jimenez, C., Seifert, P., and Barja, B.: Tropospheric and stratospheric wildfire smoke profiling with lidar: mass, surface area, CCN, and INP retrieval, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9779–9807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9779-2021, 2021.
Behrendt, A. and Nakamura, T.: Calculation of the calibration constant of polarization lidar and its dependency on atmospheric temperature, Opt. Express, 10, 805–817, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.10.000805, 2002.
Benavent-Oltra, J. A., Román, R., Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Pérez-Ramírez, D., Ortiz-Amezcua, P., Denjean, C., Lopatin, A., Lyamani, H., Torres, B., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Fuertes, D., Dubovik, O., Chaikovsky, A., Olmo, F. J., Mallet, M., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Comparative assessment of GRASP algorithm for a dust event over Granada (Spain) during ChArMEx-ADRIMED 2013 campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4439–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4439-2017, 2017.
Benavent-Oltra, J. A., Román, R., Casquero-Vera, J. A., Pérez-Ramírez, D., Lyamani, H., Ortiz-Amezcua, P., Bedoya-Velásquez, A. E., de Arruda Moreira, G., Barreto, Á., Lopatin, A., Fuertes, D., Herrera, M., Torres, B., Dubovik, O., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Goloub, P., Olmo-Reyes, F. J., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Different strategies to retrieve aerosol properties at night-time with the GRASP algorithm, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14149–14171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14149-2019, 2019.
CALIPSO: Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Lidar Level 2 data, vertical feature mask and aerosol subtype, available at: https://subset.larc.nasa.gov/, last access: 31 August 2021.
Cantrell, W. and Heymsfield, A.: Production of ice in tropospheric clouds, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 795–807, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-86-6-795, 2005.
Chen, J., Wu, Z., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Grawe, S., Hartmann, M., Pei, X., Liu, Z., Ji, D., and Wex, H.: Ice-nucleating particle concentrations unaffected by urban air pollution in Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3523–3539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3523-2018, 2018.
Chen, J., Wu, Z., Chen, J., Reicher, N., Fang, X., Rudich, Y., and Hu, M.: Size-resolved atmospheric ice-nucleating particles during East Asian dust events, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3491–3506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3491-2021, 2021.
Córdoba-Jabonero, C., Sicard, M., Ansmann, A., del Águila, A., and Baars, H.: Separation of the optical and mass features of particle components in different aerosol mixtures by using POLIPHON retrievals in synergy with continuous polarized Micro-Pulse Lidar (P-MPL) measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4775–4795, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4775-2018, 2018.
DeMott, P., Prenni, A., Liu, X., Kreidenweis, S., Petters, M., Twohy, C., Richardson, M., Eidhammer, T., and Rogers, D.: Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 11217–11222, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910818107, 2010.
DeMott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., McMeeking, G. R., Sullivan, R. C., Petters, M. D., Tobo, Y., Niemand, M., Möhler, O., Snider, J. R., Wang, Z., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Integrating laboratory and field data to quantify the immersion freezing ice nucleation activity of mineral dust particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 393–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-393-2015, 2015.
Draxler, R. and Rolph, G.: HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model, Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA, Silver Spring, Md, USA, available at: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html, (last access: 7 July 2021), 2003.
Dubovik, O., Holben, B., Eck, T., Smirnov, A., Kaufman, Y., King, M., Tanré and Slutsker, I.: Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 590–608. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0590:VOAAOP>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Dubovik, O., Lapyonok, T., Litvinov, P., Herman, M., Fuertes, D., Ducos, F., Lopatin, A., Chaikovsky, A., Torres, B., Derimian, Y., Huang, X., Aspetsberger, M., and Federspiel, C.: GRASP: A versatile algorithm for characterizing the atmosphere, SPIE Newsroom, https://doi.org/10.1117/2.1201408.005558, 2014.
Fernald, F. G.: Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: some comments, Appl. Optics, 23, 652–653, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.000652, 1984.
Field, P. R., Lawson, R. P., Brown, P. R. A., Lloyd, G., Westbrook, C., Moisseev, D., Miltenberger, A., Nenes, A., Blyth, A., Choularton, T., Connolly, P., Buehl, J., Crosier, J., Cui, Z., Dearden, C., DeMott, P., Flossmann, A., Heymsfield, A., Huang, Y., Kalesse, H., Kanji, Z. A., Korolev, A., Kirchgaessner, A., Lasher-Trapp, S., Leisner, T., McFarquhar, G., Phillips, V., Stith, J., and Sullivan, S.: Secondary Ice Production: Current State of the Science and Recommendations for the Future, Meteor. Mon., 58, 7.1–7.20, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0014.1, 2017.
Freudenthaler, V., Esselborn, M., Wiegner, M., Heese, B., Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Wirth, M., Fix, A., Ehret, G., Knippertz, P., Toledano, C., Gasteiger, J., Garhammer, M., and Seefeldner, M.: Depolarization ratio profiling at several wavelengths in pure Saharan dust during SAMUM2006, Tellus B, 61, 165–179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00396.x, 2009.
Friedel, M. and Sulla-Menashe, D.: Boston University and MODAPS SIPS – NASA.: MCD12C1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 0.05 Deg CMG. NASA LP DAAC, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD12C1.006, 2015.
Hallett, J. and Mossop, S.: Production of secondary ice particles during the riming process, Nature, 249, 26–28, https://doi.org/10.1038/249026a0, 1974.
He, Y.: MUA PLidar and Sun Photometer Dataset for Dust-related Ice Nucleation Particle Concentration Profile (Version 1.0), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683015, 2021.
He, Y. and Yi, F.: Dust aerosols detected using a ground-based
polarization lidar and CALIPSO over Wuhan (30.5 N, 114.4 E), China, Adv. Meteorol., 2015, 536762, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/536762, 2015.
He, Y., Yi, F., Yi, Y., Liu, F., and Zhang, Y.: Heterogeneous nucleation of midlevel cloud layer influenced by transported Asian dust over Wuhan (30.5∘ N, 114.4∘ E), China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033394, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033394, 2021a.
He, Y., Liu, F., Yin, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhan, Y., and Yi, F.: Horizontally Oriented ice crystals observed by the synergy of zenith- and slant-pointed polarization lidar over Wuhan (30.5∘ N, 114.4∘ E), China, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 268, 107626, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107626, 2021b.
Hofer, J., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Abdullaev, S. F., and Makhmudov, A. N.: Long-term profiling of aerosol light extinction, particle mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particle concentration over Dushanbe, Tajikistan, in Central Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4695–4711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4695-2020, 2020.
Holben, B., Eck, T., Slutsker, I., Tanré, D., Buis, J., Setzer, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J., Kaufman, Y., Nakajima, T., Lavenu, F., Jankowiak, I., and Smirnov, A.: AERONET—A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ. 66, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(98)00031-5, 1998.
Hoose, C., Kristjánsson, J., Chen, J.-P., and Hazra, A.: A classical-theory-based parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation by mineral dust, soot, and biological particles in a global climate model, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2483–2503, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3425.1, 2010.
Hu, Q., Wang, H., Goloub, P., Li, Z., Veselovskii, I., Podvin, T., Li, K., and Korenskiy, M.: The characterization of Taklamakan dust properties using a multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar in Kashi, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13817–13834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13817-2020, 2020.
IPCC: Climate change: The physical science basis. In Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7721(01)00003-7, 2013.
Jiang, H., Yin, Y., Wang, X., Gao, R., Yuan, L., Chen, K., and Shan, Y.: The measurement and parameterization of ice nucleating particles in different backgrounds of China, Atmos. Res., 181, 72–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.06.013, 2016.
Kanji, Z. A., Ladino, L. A., Wex, H., Boose, Y., Burkert-Kohn, M., Cziczo, D. J., and Krämer, M.: Overview of ice nucleating particles, Meteor. Mon., 58, 1.1–1.33, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0006.1, 2017.
Kanji, Z. A., Welti, A., Corbin, J. C., and Mensah, A. A.: Black carbon particles do not matter for immersion mode ice nucleation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, e2019GL086764, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086764, 2020.
Kojima, T., Buseck, P., Iwasaka, Y., Matsuki, A., and Trochkine, D.: Sulfate-coated dust particles in the free troposphere over Japan, Atmos. Res., 82, 698–708, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.02.024, 2006.
Kong, W. and Yi, F.: Convective border layer evolution from lidar backscatter and its relationship with surface aerosol concentration at a location of a central China megacity, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 7928–7940, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023248, 2015.
Konsta, D., Tsekeri, A., Solomos, S., Siomos, N., Gialitaki, A., Tetoni, E., Lopatin, A., Goloub, P., Dubovik, O., Amiridis, V., and Nastos, P.: The potential of GRASP/GARRLiC retrievals for dust aerosol model evaluation: case study during the PreTECT Campaign, Remote Sens.-Basel, 13, 873, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050873, 2021.
Liu, F., Yi, F., Yin, Z., Zhang, Y., He, Y., and Yi, Y.: Measurement report: characteristics of clear-day convective boundary layer and associated entrainment zone as observed by a ground-based polarization lidar over Wuhan (30.5∘ N, 114.4∘ E), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2981–2998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2981-2021, 2021.
Ma, Y., Zhang, M., Jin, S., Gong, W., Chen, N., Chen, Z., Jin, Y., and Shi, Y.: Long-term investigation of aerosol optical and radiative characteristics in a typical megacity of central China during winter haze periods, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 12093–12106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030840, 2019.
Mamali, D., Marinou, E., Sciare, J., Pikridas, M., Kokkalis, P., Kottas, M., Binietoglou, I., Tsekeri, A., Keleshis, C., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Ansmann, A., Amiridis, V., Russchenberg, H., and Biskos, G.: Vertical profiles of aerosol mass concentration derived by unmanned airborne in situ and remote sensing instruments during dust events, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2897–2910, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2897-2018, 2018.
Mamouri, R. E. and Ansmann, A.: Fine and coarse dust separation with polarization lidar, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3717–3735, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3717-2014, 2014.
Mamouri, R. E. and Ansmann, A.: Estimated desert-dust ice nuclei profiles from polarization lidar: methodology and case studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3463–3477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3463-2015, 2015.
Mamouri, R.-E. and Ansmann, A.: Potential of polarization lidar to provide profiles of CCN- and INP-relevant aerosol parameters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5905–5931, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5905-2016, 2016.
Mamouri, R.-E. and Ansmann, A.: Potential of polarization/Raman lidar to separate fine dust, coarse dust, maritime, and anthropogenic aerosol profiles, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3403–3427, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3403-2017, 2017.
Mamouri, R. E., Ansmann, A., Nisantzi, A., Kokkalis, P., Schwarz, A., and Hadjimitsis, D.: Low Arabian extinction-to-backscatter ratio, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4762–4766, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50898, 2013.
Marinou, E., Tesche, M., Nenes, A., Ansmann, A., Schrod, J., Mamali, D., Tsekeri, A., Pikridas, M., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., Voudouri, K.-A., Solomos, S., Sciare, J., Groß, S., Ewald, F., and Amiridis, V.: Retrieval of ice-nucleating particle concentrations from lidar observations and comparison with UAV in situ measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11315–11342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11315-2019, 2019.
Mülmenstädt, J., Sourdeval, O., Delanoë, J., and Quaas, J.: Frequency of occurrence of rain from liquid-, mixed-, and ice-phase clouds derived from A-Train satellite retrievals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 6502–6509, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064604, 2015.
Murray, B. J., O'Sullivan, D., Atkinson, J. D., and Webb, M. E.: Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplet, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6519–6554, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35200a, 2012.
Nash, J., Oakley, T., Vömel, H., and Li, W.: WMO Intercomparison of high quality radiosonde systems, Yangjiang, China, 12 July – 2 August 2010, World Meteorological Organization Instruments and Observing methods, Report IOM-107, WMO/TD No. 1580, available at: https://library.wmo.int/index.php?lvl=author_see&id=10744#.YS2YbY4zaiM (last access: 31 August 2021), 2011.
Omar, A. H., Winker, D. M., Kittaka, C., Vaughan, M. A., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., Rogers, R. R., Ferrare, R. A., Lee, K.-P., Kuehn, R. E., and Hostetler, C. A.: The CALIPSO Automated Aerosol Classification and Lidar Ratio Selection Algorithm, J. Atmos. Ocean Tech., 26, 1994–2014, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1231.1, 2009.
O'Neill, N., Dubovik, O., and Eck, T. F.: A modified Ångström coefficient for the characterization of sub-micron aerosols, Appl. Optics, 40, 2368–2375, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.40.002368, 2001.
O'Neill, N., Eck, T., Smirnov, A., Holben, B., and Thulasiraman, S.: Spectral discrimination of coarse and fine mode optical depth, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4559, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002975, 2003.
Peng, L., Yi, F., Liu, F., Yin, Z. and He, Y.: Optical properties of aerosol and cloud particles measured by a single-line-extracted pure rotational Raman lidar, Opt. Express, 29, 21947–21964, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.427864, 2021.
Rosenfeld, D., Lohmann, U., Raga, G. B., O'Dowd, C. D., Kulmala, M., Fuzzi, S., Reissell, A., and Andreae, M. O.: Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation? Science, 321, 1309–1313, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160606, 2008.
Rosenfeld, D., Andreae, M. O., Asmi, A., Chin, M., Leeuw, G., Donovan, D. P., Kahn, R., Kinne, S., Kivekäs, N., Kulmala, M., Lau, W., Schmidt, K. S., Suni, T., Wagner, T., Wild, M., and Quaas, J.: Global observations of aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate interactions, Rev. Geophys., 52, 750–808, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000441, 2014.
Sakai, T., Nagai, T., Zaizen, Y., and Mano, Y.: Backscattering linear depolarization ratio measurements of mineral, sea-salt, and ammonium sulfate particles simulated in a laboratory chamber. Appl. Optics, 49, 4441–4449, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.004441, 2010.
Schill, G. P., DeMott, P. J., Emerson, E., W. Rauker, A. M. C., Kodros, J. K., Suski, K. J., Hill, T., C. J., Levin, E. J. T., Pierce, J. R., Farmer, D. K., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: The contribution of black carbon to global ice nucleating particle concentrations relevant to mixed-phase clouds, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 22705–22711, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001674117, 2020.
Shao, J., Yi, F., and Yin, Z.: Aerosol layers in the free troposphere and their seasonal variations as observed in Wuhan, China, Atmos. Environ., 224, 117323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117323, 2020.
Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Freudenthaler, V., and Groß, S.: Vertically resolved separation of dust and smoke over Cape Verde using multiwavelength Raman and polarization lidars during Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D13202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011862, 2009.
Tobo, Y., Uetake, J., Matsui, H., Moteki, N., Uji, Y., Iwamoto, Y., Miura, K., and Misumi, R.: Seasonal trends of atmospheric ice nucleating particles over Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD033658, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033658, 2020.
Torres, B. and Fuertes, D.: Characterization of aerosol size properties from measurements of spectral optical depth: a global validation of the GRASP-AOD code using long-term AERONET data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4471–4506, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4471-2021, 2021.
Torres, B., Dubovik, O., Fuertes, D., Schuster, G., Cachorro, V. E., Lapyonok, T., Goloub, P., Blarel, L., Barreto, A., Mallet, M., Toledano, C., and Tanré, D.: Advanced characterisation of aerosol size properties from measurements of spectral optical depth using the GRASP algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3743–3781, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3743-2017, 2017.
Ullrich, R., Hoose, C., Möhler, O., Niemand, M., Wagner, R., Höhler, K., Hiranuma, N., Saathoff, H., and Leisner, T.: A new ice nucleation active site parameterization for desert dust and soot, J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 699–717, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0074.1, 2017.
Wagner, F., Bortoli, D., Pereira, S., Costa, M. J., Silva, A. M., Weinzierl, B., Esselborn, M., Petzold, A., Rasp, K., Heinold B., and Tegen, I.: Properties of dust aerosol particles transported to Portugal from the Sahara desert, Tellus B, 61, 297–306, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00393.x, 2009.
Wang, T., Han, Y., Hua, W., Tang, J., Huang, J., Zhou, T., Huang, Z., Bi, J., and Xie, H.: Profiling dust mass concentration in Northwest China using a joint lidar and sun-photometer setting, Remote Sens.-Basel, 13, 1099, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061099, 2021.
Winker, D., Hunt, W., and McGill, M.: Initial performance assessment of CALIOP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030135, 2007.
Wuhan Radiosonde: Wuhan Radiosonde Data, available at: http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html, last access: 31 August 2021.
Yin, Z., Yi, F., He, Y., Liu, F., Yu, C., and Zhang, Y.: Asian dust impacts on heterogeneous ice formation at Wuhan based on polarization lidar measurements, Atmos. Environ., 246, 118166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118166, 2021a.
Yin, Z., Yi, F., Liu, F., He, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, C., and Zhang, Y.: Long-term variations of aerosol optical properties over Wuhan with polarization lidar, Atmos. Environ., 259, 118508, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118508, 2021b.
Zhang, Y., Yi, F., Kong, W., and Yi, Y.: Slope characterization in combining analog and photon count data from atmospheric lidar measurements, Appl. Optics, 53, 7312–7320, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.53.007312, 2014.
Zhang, Y., Yu, F., Luo, G., Chen, J.-P., and Chou, C.: Impact of mineral dust on summertime precipitation over the Taiwan region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD033120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033120, 2020.
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, C., and Yi, F.: Evolution of aerosols in the atmospheric boundary layer and elevated layers during a severe, persistent haze episode in a central China megacity, Atmosphere, 12, 152, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020152, 2021.
Short summary
The POLIPHON method can retrieve the height profiles of dust-related particle mass and ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations. Applying a dust case data set screening scheme based on the lidar-derived depolarization ratio (rather than Ångström exponent for 440–870 nm and AOD at 532 nm), the mixed-dust-related conversion factors are retrieved from sun photometer observations over Wuhan, China. This method may potentially be extended to regions influenced by mixed dust.
The POLIPHON method can retrieve the height profiles of dust-related particle mass and...
