Articles | Volume 15, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-735-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-735-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 09 Feb 2022
| 09 Feb 2022
A high-resolution monitoring approach of canopy urban heat island using a random forest model and multi-platform observations
Shihan Chen
School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University
of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Yuanjian Yang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University
of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Fei Deng
School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
Yanhao Zhang
Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University
of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Duanyang Liu
Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology, China Meteorological
Administration, Nanjing 210008, China
China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing Joint Institute For Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Chao Liu
Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University
of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Zhiqiu Gao
Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University
of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Lian Zong, Min Guo, Ping Qi, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4989–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4989-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4989-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explored the daily temperature patterns in urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta, focusing on how weather and human activities impact these patterns. We found that temperatures were higher at night, and weather patterns had a bigger impact during the day, while human activities mattered more at night. This helps us understand and address urban overheating.
Zeyuan Tian, Jiandong Wang, Jiaping Wang, Chao Liu, Jia Xing, Jinbo Wang, Zhouyang Zhang, Yuzhi Jin, Sunan Shen, Bin Wang, Wei Nie, Xin Huang, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1149–1162, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1149-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1149-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effect of black carbon (BC) is substantially modulated by its mixing state, which is challenging to derive physically with a single-particle soot photometer. This study establishes a machine-learning-based inversion model which can accurately and efficiently acquire the BC mixing state. Compared to the widely used leading-edge-only method, our model utilizes a broader scattering signal coverage to more accurately capture diverse particle characteristics.
Yuzhi Jin, Jiandong Wang, Chao Liu, David C. Wong, Golam Sarwar, Kathleen M. Fahey, Shang Wu, Jiaping Wang, Jing Cai, Zeyuan Tian, Zhouyang Zhang, Jia Xing, Aijun Ding, and Shuxiao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2613–2630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2613-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2613-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) affects climate and the environment, and its aging process alters its properties. Current models, like WRF-CMAQ, lack full accounting for it. We developed the WRF-CMAQ-BCG model to better represent BC aging by introducing bare and coated BC species and their conversion. The WRF-CMAQ-BCG model introduces the capability to simulate BC mixing states and bare and coated BC wet deposition, and it improves the accuracy of BC mass concentration and aerosol optics.
Zhouyang Zhang, Jiandong Wang, Jiaping Wang, Nicole Riemer, Chao Liu, Yuzhi Jin, Zeyuan Tian, Jing Cai, Yueyue Cheng, Ganzhen Chen, Bin Wang, Shuxiao Wang, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1869–1881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1869-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1869-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) exerts notable warming effects. We use a particle-resolved model to investigate the long-term behavior of the BC mixing state, revealing its compositions, coating thickness distribution, and optical properties all stabilize with a characteristic time of less than 1 d. This study can effectively simplify the description of the BC mixing state, which facilitates the precise assessment of the optical properties of BC aerosols in global and chemical transport models.
Fengjiao Chen, Yuanjian Yang, Lu Yu, Yang Li, Weiguang Liu, Yan Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1587–1601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The microphysical mechanisms of precipitation responsible for the varied impacts of aerosol particles on shallow precipitation remain unclear. This study reveals that coarse aerosol particles invigorate shallow rainfall through enhanced coalescence processes, whereas fine aerosol particles suppress shallow rainfall through intensified microphysical breaks. These impacts are independent of thermodynamic environments but are more significant in low-humidity conditions.
He Huang, Quan Wang, Chao Liu, and Chen Zhou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 7129–7141, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a cloud property retrieval method which integrates traditional radiative transfer simulations with a machine learning method. Retrievals from a machine learning algorithm are used to provide a priori states, and a radiative transfer model is used to create lookup tables for later iteration processes. The new method combines the advantages of traditional and machine learning algorithms, and it is applicable to both daytime and nighttime conditions.
Eui-Jong Kang, Byung-Ju Sohn, Sang-Woo Kim, Wonho Kim, Young-Cheol Kwon, Seung-Bum Kim, Hyoung-Wook Chun, and Chao Liu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8553–8568, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8553-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8553-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea surface temperature (SST) is vital in climate, weather, and ocean sciences because it influences air–sea interactions. Errors in the ECMWF model's scheme for predicting ocean skin temperature prompted a revision of the ocean mixed layer model. Validation against infrared measurements and buoys showed a good correlation with minimal deviations. The revised model accurately simulates SST variations and aligns with solar radiation distributions, showing promise for weather and climate models.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Ping Qi, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12807–12822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12807-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12807-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explored the formation mechanisms of the amplified canopy urban heat island intensity (ΔCUHII) during heat wave (HW) periods in the megacity of Beijing from the perspectives of mountain–valley breeze and urban morphology. During the mountain breeze phase, high-rise buildings with lower sky view factors (SVFs) had a pronounced effect on the ΔCUHII. During the valley breeze phase, high-rise buildings exerted a dual influence on the ΔCUHII.
Chaman Gul, Shichang Kang, Yuanjian Yang, Xinlei Ge, and Dong Guo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1144, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1144, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term variations in upper atmospheric temperature and water vapor in the selected domains of time and space are presented. The temperature during the past two decades showed a cooling trend and water vapor showed an increasing trend and had an inverse relation with temperature in selected domains of space and time. Seasonal temperature variations are distinct, with a summer minimum and a winter maximum. Our results can be an early warning indication for future climate change.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Gaopeng Lu, Zuofang Zheng, Yucheng Zi, Ye Tian, Lei Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This study found that CG lightning tends to cluster around the outer boundaries of large cities, but gathers within small cities. The urban underlying surface can contribute to the separation of cold pools, weakening vertical airflow, and triggering thunderstorm bifurcation. The density of buildings also influences the barrier effect. This research provides a foundation for predicting and assessing urban CG lightning risks.
Yueyue Cheng, Chao Liu, Jiandong Wang, Jiaping Wang, Zhouyang Zhang, Li Chen, Dafeng Ge, Caijun Zhu, Jinbo Wang, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3065–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC), a light-absorbing aerosol, plays a pivotal role in influencing global climate. However, assessing BrC radiative effects remains challenging because the required observational data are hardly accessible. Here we develop a new BrC radiative effect estimation method combining conventional observations and numerical models. Our findings reveal that BrC absorbs up to a third of the sunlight at 370 nm that black carbon does, highlighting its importance in aerosol radiative effects.
He Huang, Quan Wang, Chao Liu, and Chen Zhou
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-36, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-36, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a cloud property retrieval method which integrates traditional radiative transfer simulations with a machine-learning method. Retrievals from a machine learning algorithm are used to provide initial guesses, and a radiative transfer model is used to create radiance lookup tables for later iteration processes. The new method combines the advantages of traditional and machine learning algorithms, and is applicable both daytime and nighttime conditions.
Quanzhe Hou, Zhiqiu Gao, Zexia Duan, and Minghui Yu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2685, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2685, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses turbulent heat flux data imputation at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using various machine learning models. The Transformer model emerged as the most effective, leading to the creation of the Transformer_CNN model, which integrates global and local attention mechanisms. Experimental results showed that Transformer_CNN surpassed other models in performance. This model was effectively used to impute the station's heat flux data from 2007 to 2016.
Yuan Wang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Tongwen Li, Yuanjian Yang, Siqin Zhou, and Liangpei Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3597–3622, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a novel spatiotemporally self-supervised fusion method to establish long-term daily seamless global XCO2 and XCH4 products. Results show that the proposed method achieves a satisfactory accuracy that distinctly exceeds that of CAMS-EGG4 and is superior or close to those of GOSAT and OCO-2. In particular, our fusion method can effectively correct the large biases in CAMS-EGG4 due to the issues from assimilation data, such as the unadjusted anthropogenic emission for COVID-19.
Jianbin Zhang, Zexia Duan, Shaohui Zhou, Yubin Li, and Zhiqiu Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2197–2207, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we used a random forest model to fill the observation gaps of the fluxes measured during 2015–2019. We found that the net radiation was the most important input variable. And we justified the reliability of the model. Further, it was revealed that the model performed better after relative humidity was removed from the input. Lastly, we compared the results of the model with those of three other machine learning models, and we found that the model outperformed all of them.
Yilin Chen, Yuanjian Yang, and Meng Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1279–1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1279-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1279-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area suffers from summertime air pollution events related to typhoons. The present study leverages machine learning to predict typhoon-associated air quality over the area. The model evaluation shows that the model performs excellently. Moreover, the change in meteorological drivers of air quality on typhoon days and non-typhoon days suggests that air pollution control strategies should have different focuses on typhoon days and non-typhoon days.
Hui Zhang, Ming Luo, Yongquan Zhao, Lijie Lin, Erjia Ge, Yuanjian Yang, Guicai Ning, Jing Cong, Zhaoliang Zeng, Ke Gui, Jing Li, Ting On Chan, Xiang Li, Sijia Wu, Peng Wang, and Xiaoyu Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 359–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-359-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-359-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We generate the first monthly high-resolution (1 km) human thermal index collection (HiTIC-Monthly) in China over 2003–2020, in which 12 human-perceived temperature indices are generated by LightGBM. The HiTIC-Monthly dataset has a high accuracy (R2 = 0.996, RMSE = 0.693 °C, MAE = 0.512 °C) and describes explicit spatial variations for fine-scale studies. It is freely available at https://zenodo.org/record/6895533 and https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/disallow/036e67b7-7a3a-4229-956f-40b8cd11871d.
Fan Wang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Jing Wang, Bin Chen, Bo Huang, Yuguo Li, Yuanjian Yang, and Meng Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13341–13353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Unprecedented urbanization in China has led to serious urban heat island (UHI) issues, exerting intense heat stress on urban residents. We find diverse influences of aerosol pollution on urban heat island intensity (UHII) under different circulations. Our results also highlight the role of black carbon in aggravating UHI, especially during nighttime. It could thus be targeted for cooperative management of heat islands and aerosol pollution.
Zexia Duan, Zhiqiu Gao, Qing Xu, Shaohui Zhou, Kai Qin, and Yuanjian Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4153–4169, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Land–atmosphere interactions over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China are becoming more varied and complex, as the area is experiencing rapid land use changes. In this paper, we describe a dataset of microclimate and eddy covariance variables at four sites in the YRD. This dataset has potential use cases in multiple research fields, such as boundary layer parametrization schemes, evaluation of remote sensing algorithms, and development of climate models in typical East Asian monsoon regions.
Lian Zong, Yuanjian Yang, Haiyun Xia, Meng Gao, Zhaobin Sun, Zuofang Zheng, Xianxiang Li, Guicai Ning, Yubin Li, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6523–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Heatwaves (HWs) paired with higher ozone (O3) concentration at surface level pose a serious threat to human health. Taking Beijing as an example, three unfavorable synoptic weather patterns were identified to dominate the compound HW and O3 pollution events. Under the synergistic stress of HWs and O3 pollution, public mortality risk increased, and synoptic patterns and urbanization enhanced the compound risk of events in Beijing by 33.09 % and 18.95 %, respectively.
You Zhao, Chao Liu, Di Di, Ziqiang Ma, and Shihao Tang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2791–2805, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2791-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2791-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A typhoon is a high-impact atmospheric phenomenon that causes most significant socioeconomic damage, and its precipitation observation is always needed for typhoon characteristics and disaster prevention. This study developed a typhoon precipitation fusion method to combine observations from satellite radiometers, rain gauges and reanalysis to provide much improved typhoon precipitation datasets.
Jiandong Wang, Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang, Rohit Mathur, Jiaping Wang, Yuqiang Zhang, Chao Liu, Jonathan Pleim, Dian Ding, Xing Chang, Jingkun Jiang, Peng Zhao, Shovan Kumar Sahu, Yuzhi Jin, David C. Wong, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5147–5156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols reduce surface solar radiation and change the photolysis rate and planetary boundary layer stability. In this study, the online coupled meteorological and chemistry model was used to explore the detailed pathway of how aerosol direct effects affect secondary inorganic aerosol. The effects through the dynamics pathway act as an equally or even more important route compared with the photolysis pathway in affecting secondary aerosol concentration in both summer and winter.
Shaohui Zhou, Yuanjian Yang, Zhiqiu Gao, Xingya Xi, Zexia Duan, and Yubin Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 757–773, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-757-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our research has determined the possible relationship between Weibull natural wind mesoscale parameter c and shape factor k with height under the conditions of a desert steppe terrain in northern China, which has great potential in wind power generation. We have gained an enhanced understanding of the seasonal changes in the surface roughness of the desert grassland and the changes in the incoming wind direction.
Xinyan Li, Yuanjian Yang, Jiaqin Mi, Xueyan Bi, You Zhao, Zehao Huang, Chao Liu, Lian Zong, and Wanju Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7007–7023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7007-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7007-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A random forest (RF) model framework for Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) daytime and nighttime quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is established using FY-4A multi-band spectral information, cloud parameters, high-density precipitation observations and physical quantities from reanalysis data. The RF model of FY-4A QPE has a high accuracy in estimating precipitation at the heavy-rain level or below, which has advantages for quantitative estimation of summer precipitation over East Asia in future.
Lian Zong, Yuanjian Yang, Meng Gao, Hong Wang, Peng Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Linlin Wang, Guicai Ning, Chao Liu, Yubin Li, and Zhiqiu Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9105–9124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9105-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9105-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, summer O3 pollution over eastern China has become more serious, and it is even the case that surface O3 and PM2.5 pollution can co-occur. However, the synoptic weather pattern (SWP) related to this compound pollution remains unclear. Regional PM2.5 and O3 compound pollution is characterized by various SWPs with different dominant factors. Our findings provide insights into the regional co-occurring high PM2.5 and O3 levels via the effects of certain meteorological factors.
Ziqiang Ma, Jintao Xu, Siyu Zhu, Jun Yang, Guoqiang Tang, Yuanjian Yang, Zhou Shi, and Yang Hong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1525–1544, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1525-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1525-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on the potential drawbacks in generating the state-of-the-art IMERG data in both the TRMM and GPM era, a new daily calibration algorithm on IMERG was proposed, as well as a new AIMERG precipitation dataset (0.1°/half-hourly, 2000–2015, Asia) with better quality than IMERG for Asian scientific research and applications. The proposed daily calibration algorithm for GPM is promising and applicable in generating the future IMERG in either an operational scheme or a retrospective manner.
Yifan Huang, Chao Liu, Bin Yao, Yan Yin, and Lei Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2865–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2865-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2865-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Dust optical properties are necessary to quantify aerosol radiative effects and to retrieve their properties. This study reveals the importance of the dust refractive index (RI) for the model development of its optical properties. Our results indicate that the scattering matrix elements of different dust particles can be reasonably reproduced by choosing appropriate RIs but a fixed particle geometry, and the RI influences the scattering matrix elements differently from geometric factors.
Bin Yao, Chao Liu, Yan Yin, Zhiquan Liu, Chunxiang Shi, Hironobu Iwabuchi, and Fuzhong Weng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1033–1049, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1033-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1033-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the complex spatiotemporal and physical properties of clouds, their quantitative depictions in different atmospheric reanalysis datasets are still highly uncertain. A radiance-based evaluation approach is developed to evaluate the quality of cloud properties by directly comparing them with satellite radiance observations. ERA5 and CRA are found to have great capability in representing the cloudy atmosphere over East Asia, and MERRA-2 tends to slightly overestimate clouds over the region.
Linlin Wang, Junkai Liu, Zhiqiu Gao, Yubin Li, Meng Huang, Sihui Fan, Xiaoye Zhang, Yuanjian Yang, Shiguang Miao, Han Zou, Yele Sun, Yong Chen, and Ting Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6949–6967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6949-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6949-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Urban boundary layer (UBL) affects the physical and chemical processes of the pollutants, and UBL structure can also be altered by pollutants. This paper presents the interactions between air pollution and the UBL structure by using the field data mainly collected from a 325 m meteorology tower, as well as from a Doppler wind lidar, during a severe heavy pollution event that occurred during 1–4 December 2016 in Beijing.
Shiwen Teng, Chao Liu, Martin Schnaiter, Rajan K. Chakrabarty, and Fengshan Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2917–2931, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2917-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2917-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) possesses complex minor structures besides the overall aggregate geometry, thus altering their optical properties. This study introduces volume variation to quantify and unify different minor structures and develops an empirical relation to account for their effects on BC optical properties. We find the effects of minor structures are mainly contributed by their influence on particle volume/mass, and a relative difference of 5 % is noticed after removing volume differences.
Emma Järvinen, Olivier Jourdan, David Neubauer, Bin Yao, Chao Liu, Meinrat O. Andreae, Ulrike Lohmann, Manfred Wendisch, Greg M. McFarquhar, Thomas Leisner, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15767–15781, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15767-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15767-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using light diffraction it is possible to detect microscopic features within ice particles that have not yet been fully characterized. Here, this technique was applied in airborne measurements, where it was found that majority of atmospheric ice particles have features that significantly change the way ice particles interact with solar light. The microscopic features make ice-containing clouds more reflective than previously thought, which could have consequences for predicting our climate.
Chao Liu, Chul Eddy Chung, Yan Yin, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6259–6273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6259-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6259-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of black carbon (BC) is widely accepted to be 1.0, although observational estimates give a quite wide range of 0.6–1.1. This study investigates BC AAE numerically using realistic particle properties and accurate numerical models. The significantly influence of BC microphysical properties on BC AAE is revealed by simple linear formulas, and the widely accepted BC AAE value of 1.0 is not correct for even small BC with wavelength-independent refractive index.
Related subject area
Subject: Others (Wind, Precipitation, Temperature, etc.) | Technique: Remote Sensing | Topic: Data Processing and Information Retrieval
Combining commercial microwave links and weather radar for classification of dry snow and rainfall
Improved consistency in solar-induced fluorescence retrievals from GOME-2A with the SIFTER v3 algorithm
An information content approach to diagnosing and improving CLIMCAPS retrieval consistency across instruments and satellites
Characterizing urban planetary boundary layer dynamics using 3-year Doppler wind lidar measurements in a western Yangtze River Delta city, China
Radar-based high-resolution ensemble precipitation analyses over the French Alps
Gravity waves above the northern Atlantic and Europe during streamer events using Aeolus
Observations of tall-building wakes using a scanning Doppler lidar
A new method to retrieve relative humidity profiles from a synergy of Raman lidar, microwave radiometer and satellite
Mid-Atlantic nocturnal low-level jet characteristics: a machine learning analysis of radar wind profiles
Mitigating radome-induced bias in X-band weather radar polarimetric moments using an adaptive discrete Fourier transform algorithm
GNSS-RO residual ionospheric error (RIE): a new method and assessment
Best Estimate of the Planetary Boundary Layer Height from Multiple Remote Sensing Measurements
Benchmarking KDP in rainfall: a quantitative assessment of estimation algorithms using C-band weather radar observations
Comparative experimental validation of microwave hyperspectral atmospheric soundings in clear-sky conditions
Propagating Information Content: An Example with Advection
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation climatologies mapped by machine learning and Bayesian interpolation
Use of commercial microwave links as scintillometers: potential and limitations towards evaporation estimation
Determination of low-level temperature profiles from microwave radiometer observations during rain
Aeolus lidar surface return (LSR) at 355 nm as a new Aeolus Level-2A product
Sampling the diurnal and annual cycles of the Earth's energy imbalance with constellations of satellite-borne radiometers
Retrieval of top-of-atmosphere fluxes from combined EarthCARE lidar, imager, and broadband radiometer observations: the BMA-FLX product
Analysis of the measurement uncertainty for a 3D wind lidar
Improving solution availability and temporal consistency of an optimal-estimation physical retrieval for ground-based thermodynamic boundary layer profiling
Reconstruction of 3D precipitation measurements from FY-3G MWRI-RM imaging and sounding channels
An improved geolocation methodology for spaceborne radar and lidar systems
Combining low- and high-frequency microwave radiometer measurements from the MOSAiC expedition for enhanced water vapour products
An LES Exploration of the Assumptions used in Retrieving Entrainment from a Mixing Diagram Approach with Ground-Based Remote Sensors
HAMSTER: Hyperspectral Albedo Maps dataset with high Spatial and TEmporal Resolution
TanSat-2: a new satellite for mapping solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence at both red and far-red bands with high spatio-temporal resolution
Global-scale gravity wave analysis methodology for the ESA Earth Explorer 11 candidate CAIRT
Evolution of Wind Field in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer with using of Multiple Sources Observations during the Transit of Super Typhoon Doksuri (2305)
Retrieval of pseudo-BRDF-adjusted surface reflectance at 440 nm from the Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)
Drop size distribution retrieval using dual-polarization radar at C-band and S-band
Thermal tides in the middle atmosphere at mid-latitudes measured with a ground-based microwave radiometer
Global sensitivity analysis of simulated remote sensing polarimetric observations over snow
Improving the Gaussianity of radar reflectivity departures between observations and simulations using symmetric rain rates
On the temperature stability requirements of free-running Nd:YAG lasers for atmospheric temperature profiling through the rotational Raman technique
Limitations in wavelet analysis of non-stationary atmospheric gravity wave signatures in temperature profiles
A new non-linearity correction method for the spectrum from the Geostationary Inferometric Infrared Sounder on board Fengyun-4 satellites and its preliminary assessments
Observing atmospheric rivers using multi-GNSS airborne radio occultation: system description and data evaluation
Determination of high-precision tropospheric delays using crowdsourced smartphone GNSS data
Unfiltering of the EarthCARE Broadband Radiometer (BBR) observations: the BM-RAD product
Variance estimations in the presence of intermittent interference and their applications to incoherent scatter radar signal processing
A clustering-based method for identifying and tracking squall lines
A multi-instrument fuzzy logic boundary-layer-top detection algorithm
Sensitivity of thermodynamic profiles retrieved from ground-based microwave and infrared observations to additional input data from active remote sensing instruments and numerical weather prediction models
Scale separation for gravity wave analysis from 3D temperature observations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region
Estimating the refractivity bias of FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation in the deep troposphere
Observed impact of the GNSS clock data rate on Radio Occultation bending angles for Sentinel-6A and COSMIC-2
High Spectral Resolution Lidar – generation 2 (HSRL-2) retrievals of ocean surface wind speed: methodology and evaluation
Erlend Øydvin, Renaud Gaban, Jafet Andersson, Remco (C. Z.) van de Beek, Mareile Astrid Wolff, Nils-Otto Kitterød, Christian Chwala, and Vegard Nilsen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2279–2293, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2279-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2279-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel method for classifying rain and snow by combining data from commercial microwave links (CMLs) with weather radar. We compare this to a reference method using dew point temperature for precipitation type classification. Evaluations with nearby disdrometers show that CMLs improve the classification of dry snow and rainfall, outperforming the reference method.
Juliëtte C. S. Anema, K. Folkert Boersma, Lieuwe G. Tilstra, Olaf N. E. Tuinder, and Willem W. Verstraeten
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1961–1979, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1961-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1961-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term records of plant fluorescence offer vital insights into changing vegetation activity. The GOME-2A sensor provides extensive global observations but suffers from calibration and instrument degradation, which affects data consistency. This study presents the SIFTER v3 algorithm, which effectively resolves these issues and includes other improvements, resulting in robust, accurate, and consistent GOME-2A fluorescence measurements from 2007 to 2017.
Nadia Smith and Christopher D. Barnet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1823–1839, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1823-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1823-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
CLIMCAPS extends the Aqua AIRS+AMSU record with retrievals from CrIS+ATMS on Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and Joint Polar Satellite System series (JPSS-1 to JPSS-4). With “continuous”, we mean a data record that is consistent in its characterization of natural variation despite changes in source instrumentation. Here we investigate how sounding continuity can improve across the full CLIMCAPS record (2002 to the present day), spanning multiple instruments and satellites.
Tianwen Wei, Mengya Wang, Kenan Wu, Jinlong Yuan, Haiyun Xia, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1841–1857, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1841-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1841-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes three years of wind lidar measurements to explore the dynamics of the urban planetary boundary layer in Hefei, China. Results reveal that nocturnal low-level jets are most frequent in spring and intensify in summer, significantly enhancing turbulence and shear near the surface, particularly at night. Additionally, cloud cover raises the mixing layer height by approximately 100 m at night due to the greenhouse effect but reduces it by up to 200 m in the afternoon.
Matthieu Vernay, Matthieu Lafaysse, and Clotilde Augros
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1731–1755, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1731-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1731-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of radar-based precipitation estimation in mountainous areas and presents a method to mitigate the main shortcomings identified. It then compares three different ensemble analysis methods that combine radar-based precipitation estimates with forecasts from an ensemble numerical weather prediction model.
Sabine Wüst, Lisa Küchelbacher, Franziska Trinkl, and Michael Bittner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1591–1607, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1591-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1591-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Information on the energy transported by atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) is crucial for improving atmosphere models. Most space-based studies report the potential energy. We use Aeolus wind data to estimate the kinetic energy (density). However, the data quality is a challenge for such analyses, as the accuracy of the data is in the range of typical GW amplitudes. We find a temporal coincidence between enhanced or breaking planetary waves and enhanced gravity wave kinetic energy density.
Natalie E. Theeuwes, Janet F. Barlow, Antti Mannisenaho, Denise Hertwig, Ewan O'Connor, and Alan Robins
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1355–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1355-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1355-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A Doppler lidar was placed in a highly built-up area in London to measure wakes from tall buildings during a period of 1 year. We were able to detect wakes and assess their dependence on wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability.
Chengli Ji, Qiankai Jin, Feilong Li, Yuyang Liu, Zhicheng Wang, Jiajia Mao, Xiaoyu Ren, Yan Xiang, Wanlin Jian, Peitao Zhao, and Zhenyi Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1171, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1171, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the humidity measurements with a synergetic algorithm combining Raman lidar, MVR, and satellite. The results from 47 sites in China show the best correlation over 0.9 concerning the radiosonde measurements. It validates the RH accuracy with various data integrations. Three representative sites present the different seasonal characteristics indicating the geographic and height influences on the RH vertical distribution.
Maurice Roots, John T. Sullivan, and Belay Demoz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1269–1282, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1269-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1269-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a supervised-machine-learning approach for the automatic isolation of nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs) using observations from a radar wind profiler. This analysis isolated 90 southwesterly NLLJs observed from May to September 2017–2021, highlighting key features in the evolution and morphology of the mid-Atlantic NLLJ.
Padmanabhan Thiruvengadam, Guillaume Lesage, Ambinintsoa Volatiana Ramanamahefa, and Joël Van Baelen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1185–1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1185-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1185-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how the joints in a weather radar's protective cover affect its measurements. We developed a new method to correct these errors, improving the accuracy of the radar's data. Our method was tested during an intense cyclone on Réunion Island, demonstrating significant improvements in data accuracy. This research is crucial for enhancing weather predictions and understanding, particularly in challenging terrains.
Dong L. Wu, Valery A. Yudin, Kyu-Myong Kim, Mohar Chattopadhyay, Lawrence Coy, Ruth S. Lieberman, C. C. Jude H. Salinas, Jae N. Lee, Jie Gong, and Guiping Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 843–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-843-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-843-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation data help monitor climate and weather prediction but are affected by residual ionospheric errors (RIEs). A new excess-phase-gradient method detects and corrects RIEs, showing both positive and negative values, varying by latitude, time, and solar activity. Tests show that RIE impacts polar stratosphere temperatures in models, with differences up to 3–4 K. This highlights the need for RIE correction to improve the accuracy of data assimilation.
Damao Zhang, Jennifer Comstock, Chitra Sivaraman, Kefei Mo, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Jingjing Tian, Tianning Su, Zhanqing Li, and Natalia Roldán-Henao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3959, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3959, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Planetary boundary layer height (PBLHT) is an important parameter in atmospheric process studies and numerical model simulations. We use machine learning methods to produce a best-estimate planetary boundary layer height (PBLHT-BE-ML) by integrating four PBLHT estimates derived from remote sensing measurements. We demonstrated that PBLHT-BE-ML greatly improved the comparisons against sounding-derived PBLHT.
Miguel Aldana, Seppo Pulkkinen, Annakaisa von Lerber, Matthew R. Kumjian, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 793–816, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-793-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-793-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate KDP estimates are crucial in radar-based applications. We quantify the uncertainties of several publicly available KDP estimation methods for multiple rainfall intensities. We use C-band weather radar observations and employed a self-consistency KDP, estimated from reflectivity and differential reflectivity, as a framework for the examination. Our study provides guidance for the performance, uncertainties, and optimisation of the methods, focusing mainly on accuracy and robustness.
Lei Liu, Natalia Bliankinshtein, Yi Huang, John R. Gyakum, Philip M. Gabriel, Shiqi Xu, and Mengistu Wolde
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 471–485, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-471-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-471-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates and compares a new microwave hyperspectrometer with an infrared hyperspectrometer for clear-sky temperature and water vapor retrievals. The analysis reveals that the information content of the infrared hyperspectrometer exceeds that of the microwave hyperspectrometer and provides higher vertical resolution in ground-based zenith measurements. Leveraging the ground–airborne synergy between the two instruments yielded optimal sounding results.
David D. Turner, Maria P. Cadeddu, Julia Simonson, and Timothy J. Wagner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4124, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4124, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
When deriving a geophysical variable from remote sensors, the uncertainty and information content are critical. The latter quantify specifies what fraction of a real perturbation would be observed in the derived variable. This paper outlines, for the first time, a methodology for propagating the information content from multiple remote sensors into a derived product, using horizontal advection as an example.
Endrit Shehaj, Stephen Leroy, Kerri Cahoy, Alain Geiger, Laura Crocetti, Gregor Moeller, Benedikt Soja, and Markus Rothacher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 57–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-57-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-57-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates whether machine learning (ML) can offer an alternative to existing methods to map radio occultation (RO) products, allowing the extraction of information not visible in direct observations. ML can further improve the results of Bayesian interpolation, a state-of-the-art method to map RO observations. The results display improvements in horizontal and temporal domains, at heights ranging from the planetary boundary layer up to the lower stratosphere, and for all seasons.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, Bas Walraven, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2974, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2974, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial microwave links (CMLs), part of mobile phone networks, transmit comparable signals as instruments specially designed to estimate evaporation. Therefore, we investigate if CMLs could be used to estimate evaporation, even though they have not been designed for this purpose. Our results illustrate the potential of using CMLs to estimate evaporation, especially given their global coverage, but also outline some major drawbacks, often a consequence of unfavourable design choices for CMLs.
Andreas Foth, Moritz Lochmann, Pablo Saavedra Garfias, and Heike Kalesse-Los
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 7169–7181, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave radiometers are usually not able to provide atmospheric quantities such as temperature profiles during rain. We present a method based on a selection of specific frequencies and elevation angles from microwave radiometer observations. A comparison with a numerical weather prediction model shows the presented method allows low-level temperature profiles during rain to be resolved, with rain rates of up to 2.5 mm h−1,, which was not possible before with state-of-the-art retrievals.
Lev D. Labzovskii, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, David P. Donovan, Jos de Kloe, L. Gijsbert Tilstra, Ad Stoffelen, Damien Josset, and Piet Stammes
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 7183–7208, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument (ALADIN) on the Aeolus satellite was the first of its kind to measure high-resolution vertical profiles of aerosols and cloud properties from space. We present an algorithm that produces Aeolus lidar surface returns (LSRs), containing useful information for measuring UV reflectivity. Aeolus LSRs matched well with existing UV reflectivity data from other satellites, like GOME-2 and TROPOMI, and demonstrated excellent sensitivity to modeled snow cover.
Thomas Hocking, Thorsten Mauritsen, and Linda Megner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 7077–7095, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7077-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7077-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The imbalance between the energy the Earth absorbs from the Sun and the energy the Earth emits back into space gives rise to climate change, but measuring the small imbalance is challenging. We simulate satellites in various orbits to investigate how well they sample the imbalance and find that the best option is to combine at least two satellites that see complementary parts of the Earth and cover the daily and annual cycles. This information is useful when planning future satellite missions.
Almudena Velázquez Blázquez, Carlos Domenech, Edward Baudrez, Nicolas Clerbaux, Carla Salas Molar, and Nils Madenach
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 7007–7026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper focuses on the BMA-FLX processor, in which thermal and solar top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes are obtained from longwave and shortwave radiances measured along track by the EarthCARE Broadband Radiometer (BBR). The BBR measurements, at three fixed viewing angles (fore, nadir, aft), are co-registered either at the surface or at a reference level. A combined flux from the three BRR views is obtained. The algorithm has been successfully validated against test scenes.
Wolf Knöller, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Philipp von Olshausen, and Michael Wilczek
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6913–6931, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6913-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6913-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Three-dimensional (3D) wind velocity measurements are of major importance for the characterization of atmospheric turbulence. This paper presents a detailed study of the measurement uncertainty of a three-beam wind lidar designed for mounting on airborne platforms. Considering the geometrical constraints, the analysis provides quantitative estimates for the measurement uncertainty of all components of the 3D wind vector. As a result, we propose optimized post-processing for error reduction.
Bianca Adler, David D. Turner, Laura Bianco, Irina V. Djalalova, Timothy Myers, and James M. Wilczak
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6603–6624, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6603-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6603-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous profile observations of temperature and humidity in the lowest part of the atmosphere are essential for the evaluation of numerical weather prediction models and data assimilation for better weather forecasts. Such profiles can be retrieved from passive ground-based remote sensing instruments like infrared spectrometers and microwave radiometers. In this study, we describe three recent modifications to the retrieval framework TROPoe for improved temperature and humidity profiles.
Yunfan Yang, Wei Han, Haofei Sun, Jun Li, Jiapeng Yan, and Zhiqiu Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-175, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-175, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Our research improves satellite-based precipitation monitoring by using deep learning to reconstruct radar observations from passive microwave radiances. Active radar is costly, so we focus on a more accessible approach. Using data from the FengYun-3G satellite, we successfully tracked severe weather like Typhoon Khanun and heavy rainfall in Beijing in 2023. This method enhances global precipitation data and helps better understand extreme weather.
Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras and Pavlos Kollias
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6301–6314, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a comprehensive approach to improve the geolocation accuracy of spaceborne radar and lidar systems, crucial for the successful interpretation of data from the upcoming EarthCARE mission. The paper details the technical background of the presented methods and various examples of geolocation analyses, including a short period of CloudSat observations when the star tracker was not operating properly and lifetime statistics from the CloudSat and CALIPSO missions.
Andreas Walbröl, Hannes J. Griesche, Mario Mech, Susanne Crewell, and Kerstin Ebell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6223–6245, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6223-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6223-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed retrievals of integrated water vapour (IWV), temperature profiles, and humidity profiles from ground-based passive microwave remote sensing measurements gathered during the MOSAiC expedition. We demonstrate and quantify the benefit of combining low- and high-frequency microwave radiometers to improve humidity profiling and IWV estimates by comparing the retrieved quantities to single-instrument retrievals and reference datasets (radiosondes).
Tessa E. Rosenberger, Thijs Heus, Girish N. Raghunathan, David D. Turner, Timothy J. Wagner, and Julia M. Simonson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2894, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Entrainment is key in understanding temperature and moisture changes within the boundary layer, but it is difficult to observe using ground-based observations. This work used simulations to verify an assumption that simplifies entrainment estimations from ground-based observational data, recognizing that entrainment is the combination of the transfer of heat and moisture from above the boundary layer into it and the change in concentration of heat and moisture as boundary layer depth changes.
Giulia Roccetti, Luca Bugliaro, Felix Gödde, Claudia Emde, Ulrich Hamann, Mihail Manev, Michael Fritz Sterzik, and Cedric Wehrum
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6025–6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6025-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6025-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of sunlight reflected by the Earth’s surface (albedo) is vital for the Earth's radiative system. While satellite instruments offer detailed spatial and temporal albedo maps, they only cover seven wavelength bands. We generate albedo maps that fully span the visible and near-infrared range using a machine learning algorithm. These maps reveal how the reflectivity of different land surfaces varies throughout the year. Our dataset enhances the understanding of the Earth's energy balance.
Dianrun Zhao, Shanshan Du, Chu Zou, Longfei Tian, Meng Fan, Yulu Du, and Liangyun Liu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3118, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3118, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The TanSat-2 satellite is designed for global carbon monitoring. It provides high-resolution, dual-band observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, a key indicator of plant photosynthesis. Through simulations, we optimized the satellite's data processing and found it can retrieve this fluorescence with great accuracy. These findings suggest that TanSat-2 will enhance global monitoring of carbon cycles and vegetation health, offering valuable insights for climate change research.
Sebastian Rhode, Peter Preusse, Jörn Ungermann, Inna Polichtchouk, Kaoru Sato, Shingo Watanabe, Manfred Ern, Karlheinz Nogai, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5785–5819, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the capabilities of a proposed satellite mission, CAIRT, for observing gravity waves throughout the middle atmosphere and present the necessary methodology for in-depth wave analysis. Our findings suggest that such a satellite mission is highly capable of resolving individual wave parameters and could give new insights into the role of gravity waves in general atmospheric circulation and atmospheric processes.
Xiaoye Wang, Jing Xu, Songhua Wu, Qichao Wang, Guangyao Dai, Peizhi Zhu, Zhizhong Su, Sai Chen, Xiaomeng Shi, and Mengqi Fan
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-156, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-156, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we proposed a data fusion method to obtain the no-blind zone wind speed profiles covering the whole Atmospheric Boundary Layer based on the joint measurements of coherent Doppler lidar (CDL), radar wind profiler (RWP) and automatic weather station (AWS). Since above instruments are widely deployed in China, we believe this method has broad application prospects on the improvement of the boundary layer parameterization scheme in numerical forecast models.
Suyoung Sim, Sungwon Choi, Daeseong Jung, Jongho Woo, Nayeon Kim, Sungwoo Park, Honghee Kim, Ukkyo Jeong, Hyunkee Hong, and Kyung-Soo Han
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5601–5618, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5601-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5601-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates the use of background surface reflectance (BSR) derived from a semi-empirical bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model based on GEMS satellite images. Analysis shows that BSR provides improved accuracy and stability compared to Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (LER). These results indicate that BSR can significantly enhance climate analysis and air quality monitoring, making it a promising tool for accurate environmental satellite applications.
Daniel Durbin, Yadong Wang, and Pao-Liang Chang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5397–5411, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A method for determining drop size distributions (DSDs) for rain using radar measurements from two frequencies at two polarizations is presented. Following some preprocessing and quality control, radar measurements are incorporated into a model that uses swarm intelligence to seek the most suitable DSD to produce the input measurements.
Witali Krochin, Axel Murk, and Gunter Stober
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5015–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric tides are global-scale oscillations with periods of a fraction of a day. Their observation in the middle atmosphere is challenging and rare, as it requires continuous measurements with a high temporal resolution. In this paper, temperature time series of a ground-based microwave radiometer were analyzed with a spectral filter to derive thermal tide amplitudes and phases in an altitude range of 25–50 km at the geographical locations of Payerne and Bern (Switzerland).
Matteo Ottaviani, Gabriel Harris Myers, and Nan Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4737–4756, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze simulated polarization observations over snow to investigate the capabilities of remote sensing to determine surface and atmospheric properties in snow-covered regions. Polarization measurements are demonstrated to aid in the determination of snow grain shape, ice crystal roughness, and the vertical distribution of impurities in the snow–atmosphere system, data that are critical for estimating snow albedo for use in climate models.
Yudong Gao, Lidou Huyan, Zheng Wu, and Bojun Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4675–4686, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4675-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4675-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A symmetric error model built by symmetric rain rates handles the non-Gaussian error structure of the reflectivity error. The accuracy and linearization of rain rates can further improve the Gaussianity.
José Alex Zenteno-Hernández, Adolfo Comerón, Federico Dios, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Michaël Sicard, Noemi Franco, Andreas Behrendt, and Paolo Di Girolamo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4687–4694, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study how the spectral characteristics of a solid-state laser in an atmospheric temperature profiling lidar using the Raman technique impact the temperature retrieval accuracy. We find that the spectral widening, with respect to a seeded laser, has virtually no impact, while crystal-rod temperature variations in the laser must be kept within a range of 1 K for the uncertainty in the atmospheric temperature below 1 K. The study is carried out through spectroscopy simulations.
Robert Reichert, Natalie Kaifler, and Bernd Kaifler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4659–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Imagine you want to determine how quickly the pitch of a passing ambulance’s siren changes. If the vehicle is traveling slowly, the pitch changes only slightly, but if it is traveling fast, the pitch also changes rapidly. In a similar way, the wind in the middle atmosphere modulates the wavelength of atmospheric gravity waves. We have investigated the question of how strong the maximum wind may be so that the change in wavelength can still be determined with the help of wavelet transformation.
Qiang Guo, Yuning Liu, Xin Wang, and Wen Hui
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4613–4627, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Non-linearity (NL) correction is a critical procedure to guarantee that the calibration accuracy of a spaceborne sensor approaches a reasonable level. Different from the classical method, a new NL correction method for a spaceborne Fourier transform spectrometer is proposed. To overcome the inaccurate linear coefficient from two-point calibration influencing NL correction, an iteration algorithm is established that is suitable for NL correction of both infrared and microwave sensors.
Bing Cao, Jennifer S. Haase, Michael J. Murphy Jr., and Anna M. Wilson
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-119, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-119, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes an Airborne Radio Occultation (ARO) observation system installed on reconnaissance aircraft that uses GPS signal refraction in the atmosphere to retrieve information about the temperature and moisture in the storm environment as far away as 400 km surrounding the flight track. The characteristics and quality of 1700 ARO refractivity profiles were assessed. These observations are collected to help understand atmospheric rivers and improve their forecasting.
Yuanxin Pan, Grzegorz Kłopotek, Laura Crocetti, Rudi Weinacker, Tobias Sturn, Linda See, Galina Dick, Gregor Möller, Markus Rothacher, Ian McCallum, Vicente Navarro, and Benedikt Soja
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4303–4316, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4303-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4303-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Crowdsourced smartphone GNSS data were processed with a dedicated data processing pipeline and could produce millimeter-level accurate estimates of zenith total delay (ZTD) – a critical atmospheric variable. This breakthrough not only demonstrates the feasibility of using ubiquitous devices for high-precision atmospheric monitoring but also underscores the potential for a global, cost-effective tropospheric monitoring network.
Almudena Velázquez Blázquez, Edward Baudrez, Nicolas Clerbaux, and Carlos Domenech
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4245–4256, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4245-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4245-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Broadband Radiometer measures shortwave and total-wave radiances filtered by the spectral response of the instrument. To obtain unfiltered solar and thermal radiances, the effect of the spectral response needs to be corrected for, done within the BM-RAD processor. Errors in the unfiltering are propagated into fluxes; thus, accurate unfiltering is required for their proper estimation (within BMA-FLX). Unfiltering errors are estimated to be <0.5 % for the shortwave and <0.1 % for the longwave.
Qihou Zhou, Yanlin Li, and Yun Gong
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4197–4209, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss several robust estimators to compute the variance of a normally distributed random variable to deal with interference. Compared to rank-based estimators, the methods based on the geometric mean are more accurate and are computationally more efficient. We apply three robust estimators to incoherent scatter power and velocity processing, along with the traditional sample mean estimator. The best estimator is a hybrid estimator that combines the sample mean and a robust estimator.
Zhao Shi, Yuxiang Wen, and Jianxin He
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4121–4135, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The squall line is a type of convective system. Squall lines are often associated with damaging weather, so identifying and tracking squall lines plays an important role in early meteorological disaster warnings. A clustering-based method is proposed in this article. It can identify the squall lines within the radar scanning range with an accuracy rate of 95.93 %. It can also provide the three-dimensional structure and movement tracking results for each squall line.
Elizabeth N. Smith and Jacob T. Carlin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4087–4107, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4087-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Boundary-layer height observations remain sparse in time and space. In this study we create a new fuzzy logic method for synergistically combining boundary-layer height estimates from a suite of instruments. These estimates generally compare well to those from radiosondes; plus, the approach offers near-continuous estimates through the entire diurnal cycle. Suspected reasons for discrepancies are discussed. The code for the newly presented fuzzy logic method is provided for the community to use.
Laura Bianco, Bianca Adler, Ludovic Bariteau, Irina V. Djalalova, Timothy Myers, Sergio Pezoa, David D. Turner, and James M. Wilczak
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3933–3948, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3933-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3933-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Tropospheric Remotely Observed Profiling via Optimal Estimation physical retrieval is used to retrieve temperature and humidity profiles from various combinations of passive and active remote sensing instruments, surface platforms, and numerical weather prediction models. The retrieved profiles are assessed against collocated radiosonde in non-cloudy conditions to assess the sensitivity of the retrievals to different input combinations. Case studies with cloudy conditions are also inspected.
Björn Linder, Peter Preusse, Qiuyu Chen, Ole Martin Christensen, Lukas Krasauskas, Linda Megner, Manfred Ern, and Jörg Gumbel
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3829–3841, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3829-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3829-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Swedish research satellite MATS (Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy) is designed to study atmospheric waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. These waves perturb the temperature field, and thus, by observing three-dimensional temperature fluctuations, their properties can be quantified. This pre-study uses synthetic MATS data generated from a general circulation model to investigate how well wave properties can be retrieved.
Gia Huan Pham, Shu-Chih Yang, Chih-Chien Chang, Shu-Ya Chen, and Cheng Yung Huang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3605–3623, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research examines the characteristics of low-level GNSS radio occultation (RO) refractivity bias over ocean and land and its dependency on the RO retrieval uncertainty, atmospheric temperature, and moisture. We propose methods for estimating the region-dependent refractivity bias. Our methods can be applied to calibrate the refractivity bias under different atmospheric conditions and thus improve the applications of the GNSS RO data in the deep troposphere.
Sebastiano Padovan, Axel Von Engeln, Saverio Paolella, Yago Andres, Chad R. Galley, Riccardo Notarpietro, Veronica Rivas Boscán, Francisco Sancho, Francisco Martin Alemany, Nicolas Morew, and Christian Marquardt
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-80, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-80, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Radio Occultation (RO) measurements are an important contribution to numerical weather predictions and long-term climate studies. Using more than a hundred thousand occultations recorded by instruments onboard the Sentinel-6A and Cosmic-2 satellites, this work studies the effects of the clock data rate of the Global Navigation Satellite System on the RO data quality. GLONASS occultations benefit of high-rate clock data (1 second), GPS occultation have high quality already at 30 seconds.
Sanja Dmitrovic, Johnathan W. Hair, Brian L. Collister, Ewan Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David B. Harper, Chris A. Hostetler, Yongxiang Hu, John A. Reagan, Claire E. Robinson, Shane T. Seaman, Taylor J. Shingler, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Holger Vömel, Xubin Zeng, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3515–3532, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces and evaluates a new ocean surface wind speed product from the NASA Langley Research Center (LARC) airborne High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar – Generation 2 (HSRL-2) during the NASA ACTIVATE mission. We show that HSRL-2 surface wind speed data are accurate when compared to ground-truth dropsonde measurements. Therefore, the HSRL-2 instrument is able obtain accurate, high-resolution surface wind speed data in airborne field campaigns.
Cited articles
Akdemir, S. and Tagarakis, A.: Investigation of Spatial Variability of Air Temperature, Humidity and Velocity in Cold Stores by Using Management Zone Analysis, Tarim Bilim. Derg., 20, 175–186,
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001277, 2014.
Al-Ameri, A. Q., Lamit, H., Ossen, D., and Raja Shahminan, R. N.: Urban Heat
Island and Thermal Comfort Conditions at Micro-climate Scale in a Tropical
Planned City, Energ. Buildings, 133, 577–595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.10.006, 2016.
Alonso, L. and Renard, F.: Integrating Satellite-Derived Data as Spatial
Predictors in Multiple Regression Models to Enhance the Knowledge of Air
Temperature Patterns, Urban Science, 3, 101, https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3040101, 2019.
Alonso, L. and Renard, F.: A New Approach for Understanding Urban
Microclimate by Integrating Complementary Predictors at Different Scales in
Regression and Machine Learning Models, Remote Sens., 12, 2434, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152434, 2020.
An, N., Dou, J., González-Cruz, J. E., Bornstein, R. D., Miao, S., and
Li, L.: An Observational Case Study of Synergies between an Intense Heat
Wave and the Urban Heat Island in Beijing, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 59, 605–620, https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-19-0125.1, 2020.
Argüeso, D., Evans, J. P., Fita, L., and Bormann, K. J.: Temperature
response to future urbanization and climate change, Clim. Dynam., 42,
2183–2199, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1789-6, 2014.
Astsatryan, H., Grigoryan, H., Poghosyan, A., Abrahamyan, R., Asmaryan, S.,
Muradyan, V., Tepanosyan, G., Guigoz, Y., and Giuliani, G.: Air temperature
forecasting using artificial neural network for Ararat valley, Earth Sci.
Inform., 14, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-021-00583-9, 2021.
Bassett, R., Cai, X., Chapman, L., Heaviside, C., Thornes, J. E., Muller, C.
L., Young, D. T., and Warren, E. L.: Observations of urban heat island
advection from a high-density monitoring network,
Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 142, 2434–2441, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2836, 2016.
Benali, A., Carvalho, A. C., Nunes, J. P., Carvalhais, N., and Santos, A.:
Estimating air surface temperature in Portugal using MODIS LST data, Remote
Sens. Environ., 124, 108–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.04.024, 2012.
Brandsma, T., Können, G. P., and Wessels, H. R. A.: Empirical Estimation Of The Effect Of
Urban Heat Advection On The Temperature Series Of De Bilt (The Netherlands),
Int. J. Climatol., 23, 829–845, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.902, 2003.
Buyadi, S. N. A., Mohd, W. M. N. W., and Misni, A.: Green Spaces Growth
Impact on the Urban Microclimate, Procd. Soc. Behv.,
105, 547–557, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.058, 2013.
Cao, C., Lee, X., Liu, S., Schultz, N., Xiao, W., Zhang, M., and Zhao, L.:
Urban heat islands in China enhanced by haze pollution, Nat. Commun., 7,
12509, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12509, 2016.
Cao, Q., Yu, D., Georgescu, M., Wu, J., and Wang, W.: Impacts of future
urban expansion on summer climate and heat-related human health in eastern
China, Environ. Int., 112, 134–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.027, 2018.
Caselles, V., López García, M. J., Meliá, J., and Pérez
Cueva, A. J.: Analysis of the heat-island effect of the city of Valencia,
Spain, through air temperature transects and NOAA satellite data,
Theor. Appl. Climatol., 43, 195–203, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00867455, 1991.
Chakraborty, T. and Lee, X.: A simplified urban-extent algorithm to
characterize surface urban heat islands on a global scale and examine
vegetation control on their spatiotemporal variability, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs., 74, 269–280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2018.09.015, 2019.
Chakraborty, T., Hsu, A., Manya, D., and Sheriff, G.: A spatially explicit
surface urban heat island database for the United States: Characterization,
uncertainties, and possible applications, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 168, 74–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.07.021, 2020.
Chen, B. and Shi, G.: Estimation of the Distribution of Global Anthropogenic Heat Flux, Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 5, 108–112, https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2012.11446974, 2012.
Chen, B., Shi, G., Wang, B., Zhao, J., and Tan, S.: Estimation of the
anthropogenic heat release distribution in China from 1992 to 2009, Acta
Meteorol. Sin., 26, 507–515, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-012-0409-y, 2012.
Chen, B., Dong, L., Shi, G., Li, L.-J., and Chen, L.-F.: Anthropogenic Heat
Release: Estimation of Global Distribution and Possible Climate Effect,
J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. Ser. II, 92A, 157–165, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2014-A10, 2014.
Chen, X., Jeong, S., Park, H., Kim, J., and Park, C.-R.: Urbanization has
stronger impacts than regional climate change on wind stilling: a lesson
from South Korea, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 054016, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7e51, 2020.
Chen, Y., Sui, D. Z., Fung, T., and Dou, W.: Fractal analysis of the structure and dynamics of a satellite-detected urban heat island, Int. J.
Remote Sens., 28, 2359–2366, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160500315485, 2007.
Ching, J., Mills, G., Bechtel, B., See, L., Feddema, J., Wang, X., Ren, C.,
Brousse, O., Martilli, A., Neophytou, M., Mouzourides, P., Stewart, I.,
Hanna, A., Ng, E., Foley, M., Alexander, P., Aliaga, D., Niyogi, D.,
Shreevastava, A., Bhalachandran, P., Masson, V., Hidalgo, J., Fung, J.,
Andrade, M., Baklanov, A., Dai, W., Milcinski, G., Demuzere, M., Brunsell,
N., Pesaresi, M., Miao, S., Mu, Q., Chen, F., and Theeuwes, N.: WUDAPT: An
Urban Weather, Climate, and Environmental Modeling Infrastructure for the
Anthropocene, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99,
1907–1924, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0236.1, 2018.
Chuanyan, Z., Zhongren, N., and Guodong, C.: Methods for modelling of
temporal and spatial distribution of air temperature at landscape scale in
the southern Qilian mountains, China, Ecol. Model., 189, 209–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.016, 2005.
Chun, B. and Guldmann, J. M.: Spatial statistical analysis and simulation of
the urban heat island in high-density central cities, Landscape Urban
Plan., 125, 76–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.016, 2014.
Computer Network Information Center: Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS Digital Products, Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences [data set], http://www.gscloud.cn/sources/index?pid=263&rootid=1&label=Landsat8&sort=priority&page=1, last access: 10 April 2021a.
Computer Network Information Center: ASTER GDEM, Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences [data set], http://www.gscloud.cn/sources/accessdata/310?pid=302, last access: 10 April 2021b.
Corburn, J.: Cities, Climate Change and Urban Heat Island Mitigation:
Localising Global Environmental Science, Urban Studies, 46, 413–427, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098008099361, 2009.
Dewan, A., Kiselev, G., Botje, D., Mahmud, G. I., Bhuian, M. H., and Hassan,
Q. K.: Surface urban heat island intensity in five major cities of
Bangladesh: Patterns, drivers and trends, Sustain. Cities Soc.,
71, 102926, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102926, 2021.
Droste, A. M., Steeneveld, G. J., and Holtslag, A. A. M.: Introducing the
urban wind island effect, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 094007, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aad8ef, 2018.
Estrada, F., Botzen, W. J. W., and Tol, R. S. J.: A global economic
assessment of city policies to reduce climate change impacts, Nat. Clim.
Change, 7, 403–406, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3301, 2017.
Gallo, K. P., McNab, A. L., Karl, T. R., Brown, J. F., Hood, J. J., and
Tarpley, J. D.: The use of NOAA AVHRR data for assessment of the urban heat
sland effect, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 32, 899–908, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0899:TUONAD>2.0.CO;2, 1993a.
Gallo, K. P., McNab, A. L., Karl, T. R., Brown, J. F., Hood, J. J., and
Tarpley, J. D.: The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban
heat island effect, Int. J. Remote Sens., 14, 2223–2230, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169308954031, 1993b.
Hankey, S. and Marshall, J. D.: Land Use Regression Models of On-Road
Particulate Air Pollution (Particle Number, Black Carbon, PM2.5, Particle Size) Using Mobile Monitoring, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49,
9194–9202, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01209, 2015.
He, B.-J.: Potentials of meteorological characteristics and synoptic
conditions to mitigate urban heat island effects, Urban Climate, 24, 26–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.01.004, 2018.
He, B. J., Wang, J., Liu, H., and Ulpiani, G.: Localized synergies between
heat waves and urban heat islands: Implications on human thermal comfort and
urban heat management, Environ. Res., 193, 110584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110584, 2021.
Heusinkveld, B. G., Steeneveld, G. J., van Hove, L. W. A., Jacobs, C. M. J.,
and Holtslag, A. A. M.: Spatial variability of the Rotterdam urban heat
island as influenced by urban land use, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 677–692, https://doi.org/10.1002/2012jd019399, 2014.
Ho, H. C., Knudby, A., Xu, Y., Hodul, M., and Aminipouri, M.: A comparison
of urban heat islands mapped using skin temperature, air temperature, and
apparent temperature (Humidex), for the greater Vancouver area, Sci. Total Environ., 544, 929–938, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.021, 2016.
Hong, J.-S., Yeh, S.-W., and Seo, K.-H.: Diagnosing Physical Mechanisms
Leading to Pure Heat Waves Versus Pure Tropical Nights Over the Korean
Peninsula, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 7149007160, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028360, 2018.
Hu, X.-M., Xue, M., Klein, P. M., Illston, B. G., and Chen, S.: Analysis of
Urban Effects in Oklahoma City using a Dense Surface Observing Network,
J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 55, 723–741, https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0206.1, 2016.
Janatian, N., Sadeghi, M., Sanaeinejad, S. H., Bakhshian, E., Farid, A.,
Hasheminia, S. M., and Ghazanfari, S.: A statistical framework for
estimating air temperature using MODIS land surface temperature data, Int. J. Climatol., 37, 1181–1194, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4766, 2016.
Kabano, P., Lindley, S., and Harris, A.: Evidence of urban heat island
impacts on the vegetation growing season length in a tropical city,
Landscape Urban Plan., 206, 103989, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103989, 2021.
Khan, H. S., Paolini, R., Santamouris, M., and Caccetta, P.: Exploring the
Synergies between Urban Overheating and Heatwaves (HWs) in Western Sydney,
Energies, 13, 470, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020470, 2020.
Koken, P. J., Piver, W. T., Ye, F., Elixhauser, A., Olsen, L. M., and
Portier, C. J.: Temperature, air pollution, and hospitalization for
cardiovascular diseases among elderly people in Denver, Environ. Health
Perspect., 111, 1312–1317, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5957, 2003.
Li, X., Zhou, Y., Asrar, G. R., Imhoff, M., and Li, X.: The surface urban
heat island response to urban expansion: A panel analysis for the
conterminous United States, Sci. Total Environ., 605–606,
426–435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.229, 2017.
Li, Y., Schubert, S., Kropp, J. P., and Rybski, D.: On the influence of
density and morphology on the Urban Heat Island intensity, Nat. Commun., 11,
2647, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16461-9, 2020.
Li, Y., Zhou, B., Glockmann, M., Kropp, J. P., and Rybski, D.: Context
sensitivity of surface urban heat island at the local and regional scales,
Sustain. Cities Soc., 74, 103146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103146, 2021.
Liang, S.: Narrowband to broadband conversions of land surface albedo I:
Algorithms, Remote Sens. Environ., 76, 213–238, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00205-4, 2001.
Liu, L., Lin, Y., Liu, J., Wang, L., Wang, D., Shui, T., Chen, X., and Wu,
Q.: Analysis of local-scale urban heat island characteristics using an
integrated method of mobile measurement and GIS-based spatial interpolation,
Build. Environ., 117, 191–207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.03.013,
2017.
Liu, W., Ji, C., Zhong, J., Jiang, X., and Zheng, Z.: Temporal
characteristics of the Beijing urban heat island, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 87, 213–221, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-005-0192-6, 2006.
Liu, X., Guo, J., Zhang, A., Zhou, J., Chu, Z., Zhou, Y., and Ren, G.:
Urbanization Effects on Observed Surface Air Temperature Trends in North
China, J. Climate, 21, 1333–1348, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1348.1, 2008.
Long, D., Yan, L., Bai, L., Zhang, C., Li, X., Lei, H., Yang, H., Tian, F.,
Zeng, C., Meng, X., and Shi, C.: Generation of MODIS-like land surface
temperatures under all-weather conditions based on a data fusion approach,
Remote Sens. Environ., 246, 111863, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111863, 2020.
Malings, C., Pozzi, M., Klima, K., Bergés, M., Bou-Zeid, E., and
Ramamurthy, P.: Surface heat assessment for developed environments:
Probabilistic urban temperature modeling, Comput. Environ. Urban, 66, 53–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.07.006, 2017.
Manoli, G., Fatichi, S., Schlapfer, M., Yu, K., Crowther, T. W., Meili, N.,
Burlando, P., Katul, G. G., and Bou-Zeid, E.: Magnitude of urban heat
islands largely explained by climate and population, Nature, 573, 55–60, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1512-9, 2019.
Meili, N., Manoli, G., Burlando, P., Carmeliet, J., Chow, W. T. L., Coutts,
A. M., Roth, M., Velasco, E., Vivoni, E. R., and Fatichi, S.: Tree effects
on urban microclimate: Diurnal, seasonal, and climatic temperature
differences explained by separating radiation, evapotranspiration, and
roughness effects, Urban For. Urban Gree., 58, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126970, 2021.
Merbitz, H., Fritz, S., and Schneider, C.: Mobile measurements and
regression modeling of the spatial particulate matter variability in an
urban area, Sci. Total Environ., 438, 389–403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.049, 2012.
Mira, M., Ninyerola, M., Batalla, M., Pesquer, L., and Pons, X.: Improving
Mean Minimum and Maximum Month-to-Month Air Temperature Surfaces Using
Satellite-Derived Land Surface Temperature, Remote Sens., 9, 1313, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121313, 2017.
Mirzaei, P. A.: Recent challenges in modeling of urban heat island,
Sustain. Cities Soc., 19, 200–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.04.001,
2015.
Mora, C., Dousset, B., Caldwell, I. R., Powell, F. E., Geronimo, R. C.,
Bielecki, Coral R., Counsell, C. W. W., Dietrich, B. S., Johnston, E. T.,
Louis, L. V., Lucas, M. P., McKenzie, M. M., Shea, A. G., Tseng, H.,
Giambelluca, T. W., Leon, L. R., Hawkins, E., and Trauernicht, C.: Global
risk of deadly heat, Nat. Clim. Change, 7, 501–506, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322, 2017.
Mutiibwa, D., Strachan, S., and Albright, T.: Land Surface Temperature and
Surface Air Temperature in Complex Terrain, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl., 8, 4762–4774, https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2468594, 2015.
National Centers for Environmental Information: Version 4 DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series, National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], http://ngdc.noaa.gov/eog/dmsp/downloadV4composites.html, last access: 10 April 2021.
Nganyiyimana, J. N. J., Kim, I., Geun, M. S., and YunID, Y.: Synergies
between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed
and land use characteristics, PLoS ONE, 15, e0243571, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243571, 2020.
Oh, J. W., Ngarambe, J., Duhirwe, P. N., Yun, G. Y., and Santamouris, M.:
Using deep-learning to forecast the magnitude and characteristics of urban
heat island in Seoul Korea, Sci. Rep., 10, 3559, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60632-z, 2020.
Oke, T. R.: The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Q. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 108, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710845502, 1982.
Pandey, A. K., Singh, S., Berwal, S., Kumar, D., Pandey, P., Prakash, A.,
Lodhi, N., Maithani, S., Jain, V. K., and Kumar, K.: Spatio – temporal
variations of urban heat island over Delhi, Urban Climate, 10, 119–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.10.005, 2014.
Peng, S., Piao, S., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Ottle, C., Bréon,
F.-M., Nan, H., Zhou, L., and Myneni, R. B.: Surface Urban Heat Island
Across 419 Global Big Cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46,
696–703, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2030438, 2012.
Popovici, I. E., Goloub, P., Podvin, T., Blarel, L., Loisil, R., Unga, F., Mortier, A., Deroo, C., Victori, S., Ducos, F., Torres, B., Delegove, C., Choël, M., Pujol-Söhne, N., and Pietras, C.: Description and applications of a mobile system performing on-road aerosol remote sensing and in situ measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4671–4691, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4671-2018, 2018.
Prihodko, L. and Goward, S. N.: Estimation of air temperature from remotely
sensed surface observations, Remote Sens. Environ., 60, 335–346,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00216-7, 1997.
Qin, Z., Dall'Olmo, G., Karnieli, A., and Berliner, P.: Derivation of split
window algorithm and its sensitivity analysis for retrieving land surface
temperature from NOAA-advanced very high resolution radiometer data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 22655–22670, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900452, 2001.
Qiu, X. F., Gu, L. H., Zeng, Y., Jiang, A. J., and He, Y. J.: Study on Urban Heat Island Effect of Nanjing, Climatic and Environmental Research,
13, 807–814, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2008.06.12, 2008 (in Chinese).
Ren, Y. and Ren, G.: A Remote-Sensing Method of Selecting Reference Stations for Evaluating Urbanization Effect on Surface Air Temperature Trends, J.
Climate, 24, 3179–3189, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3658.1, 2011.
Roth, M.: Review of urban climate research in (sub)tropical regions,
Int. J. Climatol., 27, 1859–1873, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1591, 2007.
Roth, M., Oke, T. R., and Emery, W. J.: Satellite-derived urban heat islands
from three coastal cities and the utilization of such data in urban
climatology, Int. J. Remote Sens., 10, 1699–1720, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168908904002, 1989.
Salata, F., Golasi, I., Petitti, D., de Lieto Vollaro, E., Coppi, M., and de
Lieto Vollaro, A.: Relating microclimate, human thermal comfort and health
during heat waves: An analysis of heat island mitigation strategies through
a case study in an urban outdoor environment, Sustain. Cities Soc., 30, 79–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.006, 2017.
Scott, A. A., Waugh, D. W., and Zaitchik, B. F.: Reduced Urban Heat Island
intensity under warmer conditions, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 064003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabd6c, 2018.
Shahmohamadi, P., Che-Ani, A. I., Maulud, K. N. A., Tawil, N. M., and
Abdullah, N. A. G.: The Impact of Anthropogenic Heat on Formation of Urban
Heat Island and Energy Consumption Balance, Urban Studies Research, 2011,
1–9, https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/497524, 2011.
Shi, T., Huang, Y., Wang, H., Shi, C.-E., and Yang, Y.-J.: Influence of
urbanization on the thermal environment of meteorological station:
Satellite-observed evidence, Advances in Climate Change Research, 6, 7–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2015.07.001, 2015.
Son, N.-T., Chen, C.-F., Chen, C.-R., Thanh, B.-X., and Vuong, T.-H.:
Assessment of urbanization and urban heat islands in Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam using Landsat data, Sustain. Cities Soc., 30, 150–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.009, 2017.
Stisen, S., Sandholt, I., Nørgaard, A., Fensholt, R., and Eklundh, L.:
Estimation of diurnal air temperature using MSG SEVIRI data in West Africa,
Remote Sens. Environ., 110, 262–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.025,
2007.
Taleghani, M., Sailor, D., and Ban-Weiss, G. A.: Micrometeorological
simulations to predict the impacts of heat mitigation strategies on
pedestrian thermal comfort in a Los Angeles neighborhood, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 024003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024003, 2016.
Valmassoi, A. and Keller, J. D.: How to visualize the Urban Heat Island in Gridded Datasets?, Adv. Sci. Res., 18, 41–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-18-41-2021, 2021.
Vancutsem, C., Ceccato, P., Dinku, T., and Connor, S. J.: Evaluation of
MODIS land surface temperature data to estimate air temperature in different
ecosystems over Africa, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 449–465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.10.002, 2010.
Venter, Z. S., Brousse, O., Esau, I., and Meier, F.: Hyperlocal mapping of
urban air temperature using remote sensing and crowdsourced weather data,
Remote Sens. Environ., 242, 111791, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111791, 2020.
Wang, L., Fan, S., Hu, F., Miao, S., Yang, A., Li, Y., Liu, J., Liu, C.,
Chen, S., Ho, H. C., Duan, Z., Gao, Z., and Yang, Y.: Vertical Gradient
Variations in Radiation Budget and Heat Fluxes in the Urban Boundary Layer:
A Comparison Study Between Polluted and Clean Air Episodes in Beijing During
Winter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e32478, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032478,
2020.
Wang, R., Hou, H., Murayama, Y., and Derdouri, A.: Spatiotemporal Analysis
of Land Use/Cover Patterns and Their Relationship with Land Surface
Temperature in Nanjing, China, Remote Sens., 12, 440, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030440, 2020.
Wang, W., Chen, B., Xu, Y., Zhou, W., and Wang, X.: Urban heat islands in
Hong Kong: Bonding with atmospheric stability, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 22, e1032, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1032, 2021.
Yang, J., Yin, P., Sun, J., Wang, B., Zhou, M., Li, M., Tong, S., Meng, B.,
Guo, Y., and Liu, Q.: Heatwave and mortality in 31 major Chinese cities:
Definition, vulnerability and implications, Sci. Total Environ., 649, 695–702, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.332, 2019.
Yang, P., Ren, G., Yan, P., and Deng, J.: Tempospatial Pattern of Surface
Wind Speed and the “Urban Stilling Island” in Beijing City, J.
Meteorol. Res., 34, 986–996, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-020-9135-5, 2020.
Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Li, Q., Chen, B., Gao, Z., Ning, G., Liu, C., Li, Y.,
and Luo, M.: Modulations of surface thermal environment and agricultural
activity on intraseasonal variations of summer diurnal temperature range in
the Yangtze River Delta of China, Sci. Total Environ., 736,
139445, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139445, 2020a.
Yang, Y., Zheng, Z., Yim, S. Y. L., Roth, M., Ren, G., Gao, Z., Wang, T.,
Li, Q., Shi, C., Ning, G., and Li, Y.: PM2.5 Pollution Modulates Wintertime Urban Heat Island Intensity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megalopolis, China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL084288, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084288, 2020b.
Yang, Y.-J., Wu, B.-W., Shi, C.-E., Zhang, J.-H., Li, Y.-B., Tang, W.-A.,
Wen, H.-Y., Zhang, H.-Q., and Shi, T.: Impacts of Urbanization and
Station-relocation on Surface Air Temperature Series in Anhui Province,
China, Pure Appl. Geophys., 170, 1969–1983, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0619-9, 2012.
Yang, Y.-J., Gao, Z., Shi, T., Wang, H., Li, Y., Zhang, N., Zhang, H., and
Huang, Y.: Assessment of urban surface thermal environment using MODIS with
a population-weighted method: a case study, J. Spat. Sci., 64,
287–300, https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2017.1422155, 2018.
Yoo, C., Im, J., Park, S., and Quackenbush, L. J.: Estimation of daily
maximum and minimum air temperatures in urban landscapes using MODIS time
series satellite data, ISPRS J. Photogramm.,
137, 149–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.01.018, 2018.
Yu, R., Lyu, M., Lu, J., Yang, Y., Shen, G., and Li, F.: Spatial Coordinates
Correction Based on Multi-Sensor Low-Altitude Remote Sensing Image
Registration for Monitoring Forest Dynamics, IEEE Access, 8, 18483–18496, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968335, 2020.
Zhang, N., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Dai, W., and Wang, X.: Numerical simulations
on influence of urban land cover expansion and anthropogenic heat release on
urban meteorological environment in Pearl River Delta, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 126, 469–479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1601-0, 2015.
Zhang, Y., Ning, G., Chen, S., and Yang, Y.: Impact of Rapid Urban Sprawl on
the Local Meteorological Observational Environment Based on Remote Sensing
Images and GIS Technology, Remote Sens., 13, 2624, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132624, 2021.
Zhao, J., Zhao, X., Liang, S., Zhou, T., Du, X., Xu, P., and Wu, D.:
Assessing the thermal contributions of urban land cover types, Landscape
Urban Plan., 204, 103927, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103927, 2020.
Zhao, L., Lee, X., Smith, R. B., and Oleson, K.: Strong contributions of
local background climate to urban heat islands, Nature, 511, 216–219, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13462, 2014.
Zhao, M., Cai, H., Qiao, Z., and Xu, X.: Influence of urban expansion on the
urban heat island effect in Shanghai, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci., 30, 2421–2441, https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2016.1178389, 2016.
Zheng, Z., Ren, G., Wang, H., Dou, J., Gao, Z., Duan, C., Li, Y.,
Ngarukiyimana, J. P., Zhao, C., Cao, C., Jiang, M., and Yang, Y.:
Relationship Between Fine-Particle Pollution and the Urban Heat Island in
Beijing, China: Observational Evidence, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 169,
93–113, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0362-6, 2018.
Zheng, Z., Zhao, C., Lolli, S., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ma, X., Li, Q., and
Yang, Y.: Diurnal variation of summer precipitation modulated by air
pollution: observational evidences in the beijing metropolitan area,
Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 094053, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab99fc, 2020.
Zhou, D., Zhao, S., Zhang, L., Sun, G., and Liu, Y.: The footprint of urban
heat island effect in China, Sci. Rep., 5, 11160, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11160, 2015.
Zhou, Y., Weng, Q., Gurney, K. R., Shuai, Y., and Hu, X.: Estimation of the
relationship between remotely sensed anthropogenic heat discharge and
building energy use, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 67,
65–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.10.007, 2012.
Zhu, X., Zhang, Q., Xu, C.-Y., Sun, P., and Hu, P.: Reconstruction of high
spatial resolution surface air temperature data across China: A new
geo-intelligent multisource data-based machine learning technique, Sci. Total Environ., 665, 300–313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.077,
2019.
Zong, L., Liu, S., Yang, Y., Ren, G., Yu, M., Zhang, Y., and Li, Y.:
Synergistic Influence of Local Climate Zones and Wind Speeds on the Urban
Heat Island and Heat Waves in the Megacity of Beijing, China, Front.
Earth Sci., 9, 673786, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.673786, 2021.
Zou, J., Sun, J., Zhang, N., and Zhao, W.: Evaluation and
Parameter-Sensitivity Study of a Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM)
with Measurements in Nanjing, China, J. Hydrometeorol., 15,
1078–1090, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0129.1, 2014.
Short summary
This paper proposes a method for evaluating canopy UHI intensity (CUHII) at high resolution by using remote sensing data and machine learning with a random forest (RF) model. The spatial distribution of CUHII was evaluated at 30 m resolution based on the output of the RF model. The present RF model framework for real-time monitoring and assessment of high-resolution CUHII provides scientific support for studying the changes and causes of CUHII.
This paper proposes a method for evaluating canopy UHI intensity (CUHII) at high resolution by...
