Articles | Volume 16, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3437-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3437-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Aerosol optical depth retrieval from the EarthCARE Multi-Spectral Imager: the M-AOT product
Institute for Space Science, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
Rene Preusker
Institute for Space Science, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
Florian Filipitsch
Institute for Space Science, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
now at: Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg (MOL-RAO), Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Tauche, Germany
Lena Kritten
Institute for Space Science, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
Franziska Schmidt
Institute for Space Science, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
now at: Institute for Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
Jürgen Fischer
Institute for Space Science, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
Related authors
Nicole Docter, Anja Hünerbein, David P. Donovan, Rene Preusker, Jürgen Fischer, Jan Fokke Meirink, Piet Stammes, and Michael Eisinger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2507–2519, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
MSI is the imaging spectrometer on board EarthCARE and will provide across-track information on clouds and aerosol properties. The MSI solar channels exhibit a spectral misalignment effect (SMILE) in the measurements. This paper describes and evaluates how the SMILE will affect the cloud and aerosol retrievals that do not account for it.
Shannon L. Mason, Howard W. Barker, Jason N. S. Cole, Nicole Docter, David P. Donovan, Robin J. Hogan, Anja Hünerbein, Pavlos Kollias, Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras, Zhipeng Qu, Ulla Wandinger, and Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 875–898, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-875-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
When the EarthCARE mission enters its operational phase, many retrieval data products will be available, which will overlap both in terms of the measurements they use and the geophysical quantities they report. In this pre-launch study, we use simulated EarthCARE scenes to compare the coverage and performance of many data products from the European Space Agency production model, with the intention of better understanding the relation between products and providing a compact guide to users.
Moritz Haarig, Anja Hünerbein, Ulla Wandinger, Nicole Docter, Sebastian Bley, David Donovan, and Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5953–5975, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5953-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5953-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric lidar (ATLID) and Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) will be carried by the EarthCARE satellite. The synergistic ATLID–MSI Column Products (AM-COL) algorithm described in the paper combines the strengths of ATLID in vertically resolved profiles of aerosol and clouds (e.g., cloud top height) with the strengths of MSI in observing the complete scene beside the satellite track and in extending the lidar information to the swath. The algorithm is validated against simulated test scenes.
Ulla Wandinger, Athena Augusta Floutsi, Holger Baars, Moritz Haarig, Albert Ansmann, Anja Hünerbein, Nicole Docter, David Donovan, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, Shannon Mason, and Jason Cole
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2485–2510, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an aerosol classification model that has been developed for the Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE). The model provides a consistent description of microphysical, optical, and radiative properties of common aerosol types such as dust, sea salt, pollution, and smoke. It is used for aerosol classification and assessment of radiation effects based on the synergy of active and passive observations with lidar, imager, and radiometer of the multi-instrument platform.
Nils Madenach, Florian Tornow, Howard Barker, Rene Preusker, and Jürgen Fischer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1439, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
In this study clouds fields with different macro- and microphysical properties are generated and used to simulate the top of atmosphere short wave radiances and fluxes. The fluxes are compared to two radiance-to-irradiance conversion approaches. Especially for viewing angles in the backscattering direction the approach that is aware of the cloud microphysics results in better flux estimates.
Jan El Kassar, Cintia Carbajal Henken, Xavier Calbet, Pilar Rípodas, Rene Preusker, and Jürgen Fischer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3605, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3605, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapour is a key ingredient in virtually all meteorological processes. We present an algorithm which uses observations of the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) to estimate the total column of water vapour over sun-lit, clear-sky pixels. FCI is a satellite instrument and every 10 minutes it takes an image which covers Europe, Africa and the Atlantic with a resolution of 1 km. Such high resolution water vapour fields will provide valuable information for weather forecasters and researchers.
Tim Trent, Marc Schröder, Shu-Peng Ho, Steffen Beirle, Ralf Bennartz, Eva Borbas, Christian Borger, Helene Brogniez, Xavier Calbet, Elisa Castelli, Gilbert P. Compo, Wesley Ebisuzaki, Ulrike Falk, Frank Fell, John Forsythe, Hans Hersbach, Misako Kachi, Shinya Kobayashi, Robert E. Kursinski, Diego Loyola, Zhengzao Luo, Johannes K. Nielsen, Enzo Papandrea, Laurence Picon, Rene Preusker, Anthony Reale, Lei Shi, Laura Slivinski, Joao Teixeira, Tom Vonder Haar, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9667–9695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a warmer future, water vapour will spend more time in the atmosphere, changing global rainfall patterns. In this study, we analysed the performance of 28 water vapour records between 1988 and 2014. We find sensitivity to surface warming generally outside expected ranges, attributed to breakpoints in individual record trends and differing representations of climate variability. The implication is that longer records are required for high confidence in assessing climate trends.
Nicole Docter, Anja Hünerbein, David P. Donovan, Rene Preusker, Jürgen Fischer, Jan Fokke Meirink, Piet Stammes, and Michael Eisinger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2507–2519, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
MSI is the imaging spectrometer on board EarthCARE and will provide across-track information on clouds and aerosol properties. The MSI solar channels exhibit a spectral misalignment effect (SMILE) in the measurements. This paper describes and evaluates how the SMILE will affect the cloud and aerosol retrievals that do not account for it.
Shannon L. Mason, Howard W. Barker, Jason N. S. Cole, Nicole Docter, David P. Donovan, Robin J. Hogan, Anja Hünerbein, Pavlos Kollias, Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras, Zhipeng Qu, Ulla Wandinger, and Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 875–898, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-875-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
When the EarthCARE mission enters its operational phase, many retrieval data products will be available, which will overlap both in terms of the measurements they use and the geophysical quantities they report. In this pre-launch study, we use simulated EarthCARE scenes to compare the coverage and performance of many data products from the European Space Agency production model, with the intention of better understanding the relation between products and providing a compact guide to users.
Moritz Haarig, Anja Hünerbein, Ulla Wandinger, Nicole Docter, Sebastian Bley, David Donovan, and Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5953–5975, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5953-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5953-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric lidar (ATLID) and Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) will be carried by the EarthCARE satellite. The synergistic ATLID–MSI Column Products (AM-COL) algorithm described in the paper combines the strengths of ATLID in vertically resolved profiles of aerosol and clouds (e.g., cloud top height) with the strengths of MSI in observing the complete scene beside the satellite track and in extending the lidar information to the swath. The algorithm is validated against simulated test scenes.
Bronwyn E. Cahill, Piotr Kowalczuk, Lena Kritten, Ulf Gräwe, John Wilkin, and Jürgen Fischer
Biogeosciences, 20, 2743–2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2743-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2743-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the impact of optically significant water constituents on surface heating rates and thermal energy fluxes in the western Baltic Sea. During productive months in 2018 (April to September) we found that the combined effect of coloured
dissolved organic matter and particulate absorption contributes to sea surface heating of between 0.4 and 0.9 K m−1 d−1 and a mean loss of heat (ca. 5 W m−2) from the sea to the atmosphere. This may be important for regional heat balance budgets.
Lena Katharina Jänicke, Rene Preusker, Marco Celesti, Marin Tudoroiu, Jürgen Fischer, Dirk Schüttemeyer, and Matthias Drusch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3101–3121, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To compare two top-of-atmosphere radiances measured by instruments with different spectral characteristics, a transfer function has been developed. It is applied to a tandem data set of Sentinel-3A and B, for which OLCI-B mimicked the ESA’s eighth Earth Explorer FLEX. We found that OLCI-A measured radiances about 2 % brighter than OLCI-FLEX. Only at larger wavelengths were OLCI-A measurements about 5 % darker. The method is thus successful, being sensitive to calibration and processing issues.
Axel Seifert, Vanessa Bachmann, Florian Filipitsch, Jochen Förstner, Christian M. Grams, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour, Julian Quinting, Anika Rohde, Heike Vogel, Annette Wagner, and Bernhard Vogel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6409–6430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate how mineral dust can lead to the formation of cirrus clouds. Dusty cirrus clouds lead to a reduction in solar radiation at the surface and, hence, a reduced photovoltaic power generation. Current weather prediction systems are not able to predict this interaction between mineral dust and cirrus clouds. We have developed a new physical description of the formation of dusty cirrus clouds. Overall we can show a considerable improvement in the forecast quality of clouds and radiation.
Ulla Wandinger, Athena Augusta Floutsi, Holger Baars, Moritz Haarig, Albert Ansmann, Anja Hünerbein, Nicole Docter, David Donovan, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, Shannon Mason, and Jason Cole
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2485–2510, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an aerosol classification model that has been developed for the Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE). The model provides a consistent description of microphysical, optical, and radiative properties of common aerosol types such as dust, sea salt, pollution, and smoke. It is used for aerosol classification and assessment of radiation effects based on the synergy of active and passive observations with lidar, imager, and radiometer of the multi-instrument platform.
Jonas Witthuhn, Anja Hünerbein, Florian Filipitsch, Stefan Wacker, Stefanie Meilinger, and Hartwig Deneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14591–14630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14591-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14591-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge of aerosol–radiation interactions is important for understanding the climate system and for the renewable energy sector. Here, two complementary approaches are used to assess the consistency of the underlying aerosol properties and the resulting radiative effect in clear-sky conditions over Germany in 2015. An approach based on clear-sky models and broadband irradiance observations is contrasted to the use of explicit radiative transfer simulations using CAMS reanalysis data.
Cited articles
AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork): AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH – Direct Sun Measurements, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA, https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/new_web/aerosols.html, last access: 31 January 2023a. a
AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork): MARITIME AEROSOL NETWORK (MAN) – Version 3, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA, https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/new_web/maritime_aerosol_network.html,
last access: 31 January 2023b. a
Anderson, G. P., Clough, S. A., Kneizys, F. X., Chetwynd, J. H., and Shettle, E. P.: AFGL (Air Force Geophysical Laboratory) atmospheric constituent profiles (0. 120km), Environmental research papers, Technical Report Nos. AD-A-175173/4/XAB; AFGL-TR-86-0110, https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6862535 (last access: 21 June 2023), 1986. a
Bevan, S. L., North, P. R., Los, S. O., and Grey, W. M.: A global dataset of atmospheric aerosol optical depth and surface reflectance from AATSR, Remote Sens. Environ., 116, 199–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.05.024, 2012. a
Bodhaine, B. A., Wood, N. B., Dutton, E. G., and Slusser, J. R.: On Rayleigh Optical Depth Calculations, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 16, 1854–1861, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1854:ORODC>2.0.CO;2, 1999. a
Broxton, P. D., Zeng, X., Sulla-Menashe, D., and Troch, P. A.: A Global Land Cover Climatology Using MODIS Data, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 53, 1593–1605, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0270.1, 2014. a, b
Ceamanos, X., Six, B., Moparthy, S., Carrer, D., Georgeot, A., Gasteiger, J., Riedi, J., Attié, J.-L., Lyapustin, A., and Katsev, I.: Instantaneous aerosol and surface retrieval using satellites in geostationary orbit (iAERUS-GEO) – estimation of 15 min aerosol optical depth from MSG/SEVIRI and evaluation with reference data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2575–2599, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2575-2023, 2023. a
Chen, C., Dubovik, O., Litvinov, P., Fuertes, D., Lopatin, A., Lapyonok, T., Matar, C., Karol, Y., Fischer, J., Preusker, R., Hangler, A., Aspetsberger, M., Bindreiter, L., Marth, D., Chimot, J., Fougnie, B., Marbach, T., and Bojkov, B.: Properties of aerosol and surface derived from OLCI/Sentinel-3A using GRASP approach: Retrieval development and preliminary validation, Remote Sens. Environ., 280, 113142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113142, 2022. a
Concha, J. A., Bracaglia, M., and Brando, V. E.: Assessing the influence of different validation protocols on Ocean Colour match-up analyses, Remote Sens. Environ., 259, 112415, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112415, 2021. a
Cox, C. S. and Munk, W. H.: Measurement of the Roughness of the Sea Surface from Photographs of the Sun's Glitter, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 44, 838–850, 1954. a
Curier, L., de Leeuw, G., Kolmonen, P., Sundström, A.-M., Sogacheva, L., and Bennouna, Y.: Aerosol retrieval over land using the (A)ATSR dual-view algorithm, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 135–159, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69397-0_5, 2009. a
Donovan, D. P., Kollias, P., Velázquez Blázquez, A., and van Zadelhoff, G.-J.: The Generation of EarthCARE L1 Test Data sets Using Atmospheric Model Data Sets, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-384, 2023b. a
Dubovik, O., Herman, M., Holdak, A., Lapyonok, T., Tanré, D., Deuzé, J. L., Ducos, F., Sinyuk, A., and Lopatin, A.: Statistically optimized inversion algorithm for enhanced retrieval of aerosol properties from spectral multi-angle polarimetric satellite observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 975–1018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-975-2011, 2011. a
ECMWF: IFS Documentation CY43R1 - Part IV: Physical Processes, IFS Documentation CY43R1, 4, ECMWF, https://doi.org/10.21957/sqvo5yxja, 2016. a
Fell, F. and Fischer, J.: Numerical simulation of the light field in the atmosphere–ocean system using the matrix-operator method, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 69, 351–388, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(00)00089-3, 2001. a
Geogdzhayev, I. V., Mishchenko, M. I., Rossow, W. B., Cairns, B., and Lacis, A. A.: Global Two-Channel AVHRR Retrievals of Aerosol Properties over the Ocean for the Period of NOAA-9 Observations and Preliminary Retrievals Using NOAA-7 and NOAA-11 Data, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 262–278, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0262:GTCARO>2.0.CO;2, 2002. a
Giles, D. M., Sinyuk, A., Sorokin, M. G., Schafer, J. S., Smirnov, A., Slutsker, I., Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Lewis, J. R., Campbell, J. R., Welton, E. J., Korkin, S. V., and Lyapustin, A. I.: Advancements in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Version 3 database – automated near-real-time quality control algorithm with improved cloud screening for Sun photometer aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 169–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-169-2019, 2019. a
Govaerts, Y. and Luffarelli, M.: Joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol properties with continuous variation of the state variables in the solution space – Part 1: theoretical concept, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6589–6603, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6589-2018, 2018. a
Grey, W. M. F., North, P. R. J., and Los, S. O.: Computationally efficient method for retrieving aerosol optical depth from ATSR-2 and AATSR data, Appl. Optics, 45, 2786–2795, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.002786, 2006. a
Haarig, M., Hünerbein, A., Wandinger, U., Docter, N., Bley, S., Donovan, D., and van Zadelhoff, G.-J.: Cloud top heights and aerosol columnar properties from combined EarthCARE lidar and imager observations: the AM-CTH and AM-ACD products, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-327, 2023. a
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47, 2018. a
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A.,
Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons,
A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati,
G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer,
A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M.,
Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P.,
Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.-N.: The ERA5 global
reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020. a
Higurashi, A. and Nakajima, T.: Development of a Two-Channel Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm on a Global Scale Using NOAA AVHRR, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 924–941, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0924:DOATCA>2.0.CO;2, 1999. a
Hogan, R. J. and Matricardi, M.: Evaluating and improving the treatment of gases in radiation schemes: the Correlated K-Distribution Model Intercomparison Project (CKDMIP), Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6501–6521, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6501-2020, 2020. a
Hollstein, A. and Fischer, J.: Radiative transfer solutions for coupled
atmosphere ocean systems using the matrix operator technique, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 113, 536–548, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.01.010, 2012. a
Holzer-Popp, T., de Leeuw, G., Griesfeller, J., Martynenko, D., Klüser, L., Bevan, S., Davies, W., Ducos, F., Deuzé, J. L., Graigner, R. G., Heckel, A., von Hoyningen-Hüne, W., Kolmonen, P., Litvinov, P., North, P., Poulsen, C. A., Ramon, D., Siddans, R., Sogacheva, L., Tanre, D., Thomas, G. E., Vountas, M., Descloitres, J., Griesfeller, J., Kinne, S., Schulz, M., and Pinnock, S.: Aerosol retrieval experiments in the ESA Aerosol_cci project, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1919–1957, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1919-2013, 2013. a
Hsu, N. C., Lee, J., Sayer, A. M., Carletta, N., Chen, S.-H., Tucker, C. J.,
Holben, B. N., and Tsay, S.-C.: Retrieving near-global aerosol loading over
land and ocean from AVHRR, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 9968–9989, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026932, 2017. a
Hünerbein, A., Bley, S., Horn, S., Deneke, H., and Walther, A.: Cloud mask algorithm from the EarthCARE multi-spectral imager: the M-CM products, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1240, 2022. a, b
Husar, R. B., Prospero, J. M., and Stowe, L. L.: Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high
resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 16889–16909, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD04009, 1997. a
Ignatov, A., Sapper, J., Cox, S., Laszlo, I., Nalli, N. R., and Kidwell, K. B.: Operational Aerosol Observations (AEROBS) from AVHRR/3 On Board NOAA-KLM
Satellites, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 21, 3–26,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0003:OAOAFO>2.0.CO;2, 2004. a
Illingworth, A. J., Barker, H. W., Beljaars, A., Ceccaldi, M., Chepfer, H., Clerbaux, N., Cole, J., Delanoë, J., Domenech, C., Donovan, D. P., Fukuda, S., Hirakata, M., Hogan, R. J., Huenerbein, A., Kollias, P., Kubota, T., Nakajima, T., Nakajima, T. Y., Nishizawa, T., Ohno, Y., Okamoto, H., Oki, R., Sato, K., Satoh, M., Shephard, M. W., Velázquez-Blázquez, A., Wandinger, U., Wehr, T., and van Zadelhoff, G.-J.: The EarthCARE Satellite: The Next Step Forward in Global Measurements of Clouds, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Radiation, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1311–1332, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00227.1, 2015. a
Inness, A., Baier, F., Benedetti, A., Bouarar, I., Chabrillat, S., Clark, H., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P., Engelen, R. J., Errera, Q., Flemming, J., George, M., Granier, C., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Huijnen, V., Hurtmans, D., Jones, L., Kaiser, J. W., Kapsomenakis, J., Lefever, K., Leitão, J., Razinger, M., Richter, A., Schultz, M. G., Simmons, A. J., Suttie, M., Stein, O., Thépaut, J.-N., Thouret, V., Vrekoussis, M., Zerefos, C., and the MACC team: The MACC reanalysis: an 8 yr data set of atmospheric composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4073–4109, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4073-2013, 2013. a
Inness, A., Ades, M., Agustí-Panareda, A., Barré, J., Benedictow, A., Blechschmidt, A.-M., Dominguez, J. J., Engelen, R., Eskes, H., Flemming, J., Huijnen, V., Jones, L., Kipling, Z., Massart, S., Parrington, M., Peuch, V.-H., Razinger, M., Remy, S., Schulz, M., and Suttie, M.: The CAMS reanalysis of atmospheric composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3515–3556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3515-2019, 2019. a
Jackson, J. M., Liu, H., Laszlo, I., Kondragunta, S., Remer, L. A., Huang, J., and Huang, H.-C.: Suomi-NPP VIIRS aerosol algorithms and data products, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 12673–12689, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020449, 2013. a, b
Jeong, U., Kim, J., Ahn, C., Torres, O., Liu, X., Bhartia, P. K., Spurr, R. J. D., Haffner, D., Chance, K., and Holben, B. N.: An optimal-estimation-based aerosol retrieval algorithm using OMI near-UV observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 177–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-177-2016, 2016. a
Katsev, I. L., Prikhach, A. S., Zege, E. P., Ivanov, A. P., and Kokhanovsky, A. A.: Iterative procedure for retrieval of spectral aerosol optical thickness and surface reflectance from satellite data using fast radiative transfer code and its application to MERIS measurements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 101–133, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69397-0_4, 2009. a
Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Gordon, H. R., Nakajima, T., Lenoble, J., Frouin, R., Grassl, H., Herman, B. M., King, M. D., and Teillet, P. M.: Passive remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol and atmospheric correction for the aerosol effect, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 16815–16830, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01496, 1997a. a
Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Remer, L. A., Vermote, E. F., Chu, A., and Holben, B. N.: Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 17051–17067, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03988, 1997b. a
Kinne, S., O'Donnel, D., Stier, P., Kloster, S., Zhang, K., Schmidt, H., Rast, S., Giorgetta, M., Eck, T. F., and Stevens, B.: MAC-v1: A new global aerosol climatology for climate studies, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 5, 704–740, https://doi.org/10.1002/jame.20035, 2013. a
Kolmonen, P., Sogacheva, L., Virtanen, T. H., de Leeuw, G., and Kulmala, M.: The ADV/ASV AATSR aerosol retrieval algorithm: current status and presentation of a full-mission AOD dataset, Int. J. Digit. Earth, 9, 545–561, https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2015.1111450, 2016. a
LAADS DAAC (Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System Distributed Active Archive Center): Level-1 and Atmospheric Data, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA, https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov,
last access: 31 January 2023. a
Levy, R. and Hsu, C.: MODIS Atmosphere L2 Aerosol Product, NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD04_L2.061, 2015. a
Levy, R., Remer, L., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., and Kaufman, Y.: Algorithm for remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over dark targets from MODIS: Collections 005 and 051, MODIS Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, https://atmosphere-imager.gsfc.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/ModAtmo/ATBD_MOD04_C005_rev2_0.pdf
(last access: 21 June 2023), 2009. a
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., and Dubovik, O.: Global aerosol optical properties and application to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol retrieval over land, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D13210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007815, 2007a. a, b
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Mattoo, S., Vermote, E. F., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Second-generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer spectral reflectance, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D13211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007811, 2007b. a
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Kleidman, R. G., Mattoo, S., Ichoku, C., Kahn, R., and Eck, T. F.: Global evaluation of the Collection 5 MODIS dark-target aerosol products over land, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10399–10420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10399-2010, 2010. a
Levy, R. C., Mattoo, S., Munchak, L. A., Remer, L. A., Sayer, A. M., Patadia, F., and Hsu, N. C.: The Collection 6 MODIS aerosol products over land and ocean, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2989–3034, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2989-2013, 2013. a, b, c
Levy, R. C., Munchak, L. A., Mattoo, S., Patadia, F., Remer, L. A., and Holz, R. E.: Towards a long-term global aerosol optical depth record: applying a consistent aerosol retrieval algorithm to MODIS and VIIRS-observed reflectance, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4083–4110, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4083-2015, 2015. a, b
Luffarelli, M. and Govaerts, Y.: Joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol properties with continuous variation of the state variables in the solution space – Part 2: application to geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 791–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-791-2019, 2019. a, b
Mei, L., Rozanov, V., Vountas, M., Burrows, J. P., Levy, R. C., and Lotz, W.: Retrieval of aerosol optical properties using MERIS observations: Algorithm and some first results, Remote Sensing of Environment, 197, 125–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.015, 2017. a
Mei, L., Rozanov, V., Vountas, M., Burrows, J. P., and Richter, A.: XBAER-derived aerosol optical thickness from OLCI/Sentinel-3 observation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2511–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2511-2018, 2018. a
Mishchenko, M. I., Geogdzhayev, I. V., Cairns, B., Rossow, W. B., and Lacis,
A. A.: Aerosol retrievals over the ocean by use of channels 1 and 2 AVHRR data: sensitivity analysis and preliminary results, Appl. Optics, 38, 7325–7341, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.38.007325, 1999. a
MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST): MODIS 1km Calibrated Radiances Product, NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD021KM.061, 2017. a, b
Moulin, C., Guillard, F., Dulac, F., and Lambert, C. E.: Long-term daily monitoring of Saharan dust load over ocean using Meteosat ISCCP-B2 data: 1. Methodology and preliminary results for 1983–1994 in the Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 16947–16958, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD02620, 1997. a
North, P. R. J.: Estimation of aerosol opacity and land surface bidirectional reflectance from ATSR-2 dual-angle imagery: Operational method and validation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, AAC 4-1–AAC 4–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000207, 2002. a
Patadia, F., Levy, R. C., and Mattoo, S.: Correcting for trace gas absorption when retrieving aerosol optical depth from satellite observations of reflected shortwave radiation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3205–3219, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3205-2018, 2018. a
Qu, Z., Donovan, D. P., Barker, H. W., Cole, J. N. S., Shephard, M. W., and Huijnen, V.: Numerical Model Generation of Test Frames for Pre-launch Studies of EarthCARE's Retrieval Algorithms and Data Management System, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-300, in review, 2022. a, b, c
Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D. A., Martins, J. V., Li, R.-R., Ichoku, C., Levy, R. C., Kleidman, R. G., Eck, T. F., Vermote, E., and Holben, B. N.: The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products, and Validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3385.1, 2005. a, b
Remer, L. A., Levy, R. C., Mattoo, S., Tanré, D., Gupta, P., Shi, Y., Sawyer, V., Munchak, L. A., Zhou, Y., Kim, M., Ichoku, C., Patadia, F., Li, R.-R., Gassó, S., Kleidman, R. G., and Holben, B. N.: The Dark Target Algorithm for Observing the Global Aerosol System: Past, Present, and Future, Remote Sensing, 12, 2900, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12182900, 2020. a, b
Rodgers, C. D.: Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding, World Scientific, https://doi.org/10.1142/3171, 2000. a, b
Sawyer, V., Levy, R. C., Mattoo, S., Cureton, G., Shi, Y., and Remer, L. A.: Continuing the MODIS Dark Target Aerosol Time Series with VIIRS, Remote Sensing, 12, 308, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020308, 2020. a
Sayer, A. M., Hsu, N. C., Bettenhausen, C., Ahmad, Z., Holben, B. N., Smirnov, A., Thomas, G. E., and Zhang, J.: SeaWiFS Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR): Algorithm, validation, and comparison with other data sets, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D03206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016599, 2012. a
Schaaf, C. B., Gao, F., Strahler, A. H., Lucht, W., Li, X., Tsang, T., Strugnell, N. C., Zhang, X., Jin, Y., Muller, J.-P., Lewis, P., Barnsley, M., Hobson, P., Disney, M., Roberts, G., Dunderdale, M., Doll, C., d'Entremont, R. P., Hu, B., Liang, S., Privette, J. L., and Roy, D.: First operational BRDF, albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 135–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00091-3, 2002. a
Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., Slutsker, I., Giles, D. M., McClain, C. R., Eck, T. F., Sakerin, S. M., Macke, A., Croot, P., Zibordi, G., Quinn, P. K., Sciare, J., Kinne, S., Harvey, M., Smyth, T. J., Piketh, S., Zielinski, T., Proshutinsky, A., Goes, J. I., Nelson, N. B., Larouche, P., Radionov, V. F., Goloub, P., Krishna Moorthy, K., Matarrese, R., Robertson, E. J., and Jourdin, F.: Maritime Aerosol Network as a component of Aerosol Robotic Network, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D06204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011257, 2009. a
Tanré, D., Kaufman, Y. J., Herman, M., and Mattoo, S.: Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 16971–16988, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03437, 1997. a
Thomas, G. E., Carboni, E., Sayer, A. M., Poulsen, C. A., Siddans, R., and Grainger, R. G.: Oxford-RAL Aerosol and Cloud (ORAC): aerosol retrievals from satellite radiometers, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 193–225, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69397-0_7, 2009. a
van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Barker, H. W., Baudrez, E., Bley, S., Clerbaux, N., Cole, J. N. S., de Kloe, J., Docter, N., Domenech, C., Donovan, D. P., Dufresne, J.-L., Eisinger, M., Fischer, J., García-Marañón, R., Haarig, M., Hogan, R. J., Hünerbein, A., Kollias, P., Koopman, R., Madenach, N., Mason, S. L., Preusker, R., Puigdomènech Treserras, B., Qu, Z., Ruiz-Saldaña, M., Shephard, M., Velázquez-Blazquez, A., Villefranque, N., Wandinger, U., Wang, P., and Wehr, T.: EarthCARE level-2 demonstration products from simulated scenes, Version 10.01, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7117115, 2022.
a
Veefkind, J. P., de Leeuw, G., Durkee, P. A., Russell, P. B., Hobbs, P. V., and Livingston, J. M.: Aerosol optical depth retrieval using ATSR-2 and AVHRR data during TARFOX, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 2253–2260, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD02816, 1999. a
Vidot, J. and Borbás, E.: Land surface VIS/NIR BRDF atlas for RTTOV-11: model
and validation against SEVIRI land SAF albedo product, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 140, 2186–2196, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2288, 2014. a, b
von Hoyningen-Huene, W., Kokhanovsky, A. A., Burrows, J. P., Bruniquel-Pinel, V., Regner, P., and Baret, F.: Simultaneous determination of aerosol- and surface characteristics from top-of-atmosphere reflectance using MERIS on board of ENVISAT, Adv. Space Res., 37, 2172–2177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2006.03.017, 2006. a
Wagner, S. C., Govaerts, Y. M., and Lattanzio, A.: Joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol optical depth from MSG/SEVIRI observations with an optimal estimation approach: 2. Implementation and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D02204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011780, 2010. a
Wandinger, U., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., Hünerbein, A., Horn, S., Kanitz, T., Donovan, D., van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Daou, D., Fischer, J., von Bismarck, J., Filipitsch, F., Docter, N., Eisinger, M., Lajas, D., and Wehr, T.: HETEAC: The Aerosol Classification Model for EarthCARE, EPJ Web Conf., 119, 01004, https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611901004, 2016. a
Wandinger, U., Floutsi, A. A., Baars, H., Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Hünerbein, A., Docter, N., Donovan, D., van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Mason, S., and Cole, J.: HETEAC – The Hybrid End-To-End Aerosol Classification model for EarthCARE, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1241, 2022. a
Wehr, T. (Ed.): EarthCARE Mission Requirements Document, Earth and Mission Science Division, European Space Agency, https://doi.org/10.5270/esa.earthcare-mrd.2006, 2006. a
Wehr, T., Kubota, T., Tzeremes, G., Wallace, K., Nakatsuka, H., Ohno, Y., Koopman, R., Rusli, S., Kikuchi, M., Eisinger, M., Tanaka, T., Taga, M., Deghaye, P., Tomita, E., and Bernaerts, D.: The EarthCARE Mission – Science and System Overview, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1476, 2023. a, b, c
Wei, J., Li, Z., Peng, Y., and Sun, L.: MODIS Collection 6.1 aerosol optical depth products over land and ocean: validation and comparison, Atmos. Environ., 201, 428–440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.004, 2019. a
Short summary
We describe the stand-alone retrieval algorithm used to derive aerosol properties relying on measurements of the Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) aboard the upcoming Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite. This aerosol data product will be available as M-AOT after the launch of EarthCARE. Additionally, we applied the algorithm to simulated EarthCARE MSI and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for prelaunch algorithm verification.
We describe the stand-alone retrieval algorithm used to derive aerosol properties relying on...
Special issue