Articles | Volume 17, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-471-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-471-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
MAGARA: a Multi-Angle Geostationary Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm
James A. Limbacher
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
I. M. Systems Group Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
Ralph A. Kahn
Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
Mariel D. Friberg
Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Jaehwa Lee
Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Tyler Summers
Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA
Hai Zhang
I. M. Systems Group Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
Related authors
Xin Xi, Jun Wang, Zhendong Lu, Andrew M. Sayer, Jaehwa Lee, Robert C. Levy, Yujie Wang, Alexei Lyapustin, Hongqing Liu, Istvan Laszlo, Changwoo Ahn, Omar Torres, Sabur Abdullaev, James Limbacher, and Ralph A. Kahn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7403–7429, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7403-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7403-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Aralkum Desert is challenging for aerosol retrieval due to its bright, heterogeneous, and dynamic surfaces and the lack of in situ constraints on aerosol properties. The performance and consistency of satellite algorithms in observing Aralkum-generated saline dust remain unknown. This study compares multisensor UVAI (ultraviolet aerosol index), AOD (aerosol optical depth), and ALH (aerosol layer height) products and reveals inconsistencies and potential biases over the Aral Sea basin.
Robert R. Nelson, Marcin L. Witek, Michael J. Garay, Michael A. Bull, James A. Limbacher, Ralph A. Kahn, and David J. Diner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4947–4960, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4947-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4947-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Shallow and coastal waters are nutrient-rich and turbid due to runoff. They are also located in areas where the atmosphere has more aerosols than open-ocean waters. NASA's Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) has been monitoring aerosols for over 23 years but does not report results over shallow waters. We developed a new algorithm that uses all four of MISR’s bands and considers light leaving water surfaces. This algorithm performs well and increases over-water measurements by over 7 %.
Xin Xi, Jun Wang, Zhendong Lu, Andrew M. Sayer, Jaehwa Lee, Robert C. Levy, Yujie Wang, Alexei Lyapustin, Hongqing Liu, Istvan Laszlo, Changwoo Ahn, Omar Torres, Sabur Abdullaev, James Limbacher, and Ralph A. Kahn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7403–7429, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7403-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7403-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Aralkum Desert is challenging for aerosol retrieval due to its bright, heterogeneous, and dynamic surfaces and the lack of in situ constraints on aerosol properties. The performance and consistency of satellite algorithms in observing Aralkum-generated saline dust remain unknown. This study compares multisensor UVAI (ultraviolet aerosol index), AOD (aerosol optical depth), and ALH (aerosol layer height) products and reveals inconsistencies and potential biases over the Aral Sea basin.
Xiaohua Pan, Mian Chin, Ralph A. Kahn, Hitoshi Matsui, Toshihiko Takemura, Meiyun Lin, Yuanyu Xie, Dongchul Kim, and Maria Val Martin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2603, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2603, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire smoke can travel thousands of kilometers, affecting air quality far from the fire itself. This study looks at how two key factors – how much smoke is emitted & how high it rises – affect how smoke spreads. Using data from a major 2008 Siberian wildfire, four computer models were tested. Results show that models often inject smoke too low & remove it too quickly, missing high-altitude smoke seen by satellites. Better estimates of smoke height are crucial to improve air quality forecasts.
Jeewoo Lee, Jhoon Kim, Seoyoung Lee, Myungje Choi, Jaehwa Lee, Daniel J. Jacob, Su Keun Kuk, and Young-Je Park
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-281, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-281, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosols adversely affect human health, with East Asia recognized as one of the most impacted regions. This study presents a long-term (2011–2021), high spatiotemporal resolution aerosol optical depth dataset retrieved from a geostationary satellite over East Asia. The high-resolution data capture subtle aerosol gradients and land-ocean boundaries, providing valuable input for various fields such as aerosol-cloud interaction, climate change, ocean optics, and air quality studies.
Katherine T. Junghenn Noyes and Ralph A. Kahn
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-395, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-395, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
With observations from NASA’s Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) satellite instrument, we can constrain wildfire plume heights, smoke age, and particle size, shape, and light-absorption properties. We study over 3,600 wildfire plumes across Siberia by statistically comparing the MISR results to observations of fire strength, land cover type, and meteorology. We then stratify plumes by land cover type and infer the dominant aerosol aging mechanisms among different plume types.
Mariya Petrenko, Ralph Kahn, Mian Chin, Susanne E. Bauer, Tommi Bergman, Huisheng Bian, Gabriele Curci, Ben Johnson, Johannes W. Kaiser, Zak Kipling, Harri Kokkola, Xiaohong Liu, Keren Mezuman, Tero Mielonen, Gunnar Myhre, Xiaohua Pan, Anna Protonotariou, Samuel Remy, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Philip Stier, Toshihiko Takemura, Kostas Tsigaridis, Hailong Wang, Duncan Watson-Parris, and Kai Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1545–1567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1545-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1545-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We compared smoke plume simulations from 11 global models to each other and to satellite smoke amount observations aimed at constraining smoke source strength. In regions where plumes are thick and background aerosol is low, models and satellites compare well. However, the input emission inventory tends to underestimate in many places, and particle property and loss rate assumptions vary enormously among models, causing uncertainties that require systematic in situ measurements to resolve.
Myungje Choi, Alexei Lyapustin, Gregory L. Schuster, Sujung Go, Yujie Wang, Sergey Korkin, Ralph Kahn, Jeffrey S. Reid, Edward J. Hyer, Thomas F. Eck, Mian Chin, David J. Diner, Olga Kalashnikova, Oleg Dubovik, Jhoon Kim, and Hans Moosmüller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10543–10565, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a retrieval algorithm to estimate two key absorbing components in smoke (black carbon and brown carbon) using DSCOVR EPIC measurements. Our analysis reveals distinct smoke properties, including spectral absorption, layer height, and black carbon and brown carbon, over North America and central Africa. The retrieved smoke properties offer valuable observational constraints for modeling radiative forcing and informing health-related studies.
Jingting Huang, S. Marcela Loría-Salazar, Min Deng, Jaehwa Lee, and Heather A. Holmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3673–3698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increased wildfire intensity has resulted in taller wildfire smoke plumes. We investigate the vertical structure of wildfire smoke plumes using aircraft lidar data and establish two effective smoke plume height metrics. Four novel satellite-based plume height products are evaluated for wildfires in the western US. Our results provide guidance on the strengths and limitations of these satellite products and set the stage for improved plume rise estimates by leveraging satellite products.
Robert R. Nelson, Marcin L. Witek, Michael J. Garay, Michael A. Bull, James A. Limbacher, Ralph A. Kahn, and David J. Diner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4947–4960, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4947-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4947-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Shallow and coastal waters are nutrient-rich and turbid due to runoff. They are also located in areas where the atmosphere has more aerosols than open-ocean waters. NASA's Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) has been monitoring aerosols for over 23 years but does not report results over shallow waters. We developed a new algorithm that uses all four of MISR’s bands and considers light leaving water surfaces. This algorithm performs well and increases over-water measurements by over 7 %.
Michail Mytilinaios, Sara Basart, Sergio Ciamprone, Juan Cuesta, Claudio Dema, Enza Di Tomaso, Paola Formenti, Antonis Gkikas, Oriol Jorba, Ralph Kahn, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Serena Trippetta, and Lucia Mona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5487–5516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) dust reanalysis provides a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of past dust conditions, allowing better quantification of climate and socioeconomic dust impacts. We assess the performance of the reanalysis needed to reproduce dust optical depth using dust-related products retrieved from satellite and ground-based observations and show that it reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of atmospheric dust well.
Yunyao Li, Daniel Tong, Siqi Ma, Saulo R. Freitas, Ravan Ahmadov, Mikhail Sofiev, Xiaoyang Zhang, Shobha Kondragunta, Ralph Kahn, Youhua Tang, Barry Baker, Patrick Campbell, Rick Saylor, Georg Grell, and Fangjun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3083–3101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3083-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Plume height is important in wildfire smoke dispersion and affects air quality and human health. We assess the impact of plume height on wildfire smoke dispersion and the exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. A higher plume height predicts lower pollution near the source region, but higher pollution in downwind regions, due to the faster spread of the smoke once ejected, affects pollution exceedance forecasts and the early warning of extreme air pollution events.
James A. Limbacher, Ralph A. Kahn, and Jaehwa Lee
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6865–6887, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Launched in December 1999, NASA’s Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) has given researchers qualitative constraints on aerosol particle properties for the past 22 years. Here, we present a new MISR research aerosol retrieval algorithm (RA) that utilizes over-land surface reflectance data from the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) to address limitations of the MISR operational aerosol retrieval algorithm and improve retrievals of aerosol particle properties.
Priyanka deSouza, Ralph Kahn, Tehya Stockman, William Obermann, Ben Crawford, An Wang, James Crooks, Jing Li, and Patrick Kinney
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6309–6328, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6309-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6309-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
How sensitive are the spatial and temporal trends of PM2.5 derived from a network of low-cost sensors to the calibration adjustment used? How transferable are calibration equations developed at a few co-location sites to an entire network of low-cost sensors? This paper attempts to answer this question and offers a series of suggestions on how to develop the most robust calibration function for different end uses. It uses measurements from the Love My Air network in Denver as a test case.
Lauren M. Zamora, Ralph A. Kahn, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Christine D. Groot Zwaaftink, and Klaus B. Huebert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12269–12285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic dust, smoke, and pollution particles can affect clouds and Arctic warming. The distributions of these particles were estimated in three different satellite, reanalysis, and model products. These products showed good agreement overall but indicate that it is important to include local dust in models. We hypothesize that mineral dust effects on ice processes in the Arctic atmosphere might be highest over Siberia, where it is cold, moist, and subject to relatively high dust levels.
Ukkyo Jeong, Si-Chee Tsay, N. Christina Hsu, David M. Giles, John W. Cooper, Jaehwa Lee, Robert J. Swap, Brent N. Holben, James J. Butler, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Somporn Chantara, Hyunkee Hong, Donghee Kim, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11957–11986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ultraviolet (UV) measurements from satellite and ground are important for deriving information on several atmospheric trace and aerosol characteristics. Simultaneous retrievals of aerosol and trace gases in this study suggest that water uptake by aerosols is one of the important phenomena affecting aerosol properties over northern Thailand, which is important for regional air quality and climate. Obtained aerosol properties covering the UV are also important for various satellite algorithms.
Katherine T. Junghenn Noyes, Ralph A. Kahn, James A. Limbacher, and Zhanqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10267–10290, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10267-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10267-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We compare retrievals of wildfire smoke particle size, shape, and light absorption from the MISR satellite instrument to modeling and other satellite data on land cover type, drought conditions, meteorology, and estimates of fire intensity (fire radiative power – FRP). We find statistically significant differences in the particle properties based on burning conditions and land cover type, and we interpret how changes in these properties point to specific aerosol aging mechanisms.
Matthew W. Christensen, Andrew Gettelman, Jan Cermak, Guy Dagan, Michael Diamond, Alyson Douglas, Graham Feingold, Franziska Glassmeier, Tom Goren, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Edward Gryspeerdt, Ralph Kahn, Zhanqing Li, Po-Lun Ma, Florent Malavelle, Isabel L. McCoy, Daniel T. McCoy, Greg McFarquhar, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Sandip Pal, Anna Possner, Adam Povey, Johannes Quaas, Daniel Rosenfeld, Anja Schmidt, Roland Schrödner, Armin Sorooshian, Philip Stier, Velle Toll, Duncan Watson-Parris, Robert Wood, Mingxi Yang, and Tianle Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 641–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-641-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-641-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Trace gases and aerosols (tiny airborne particles) are released from a variety of point sources around the globe. Examples include volcanoes, industrial chimneys, forest fires, and ship stacks. These sources provide opportunistic experiments with which to quantify the role of aerosols in modifying cloud properties. We review the current state of understanding on the influence of aerosol on climate built from the wide range of natural and anthropogenic laboratories investigated in recent decades.
Tianmeng Chen, Zhanqing Li, Ralph A. Kahn, Chuanfeng Zhao, Daniel Rosenfeld, Jianping Guo, Wenchao Han, and Dandan Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6199–6220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A convective cloud identification process is developed using geostationary satellite data from Himawari-8.
Convective cloud fraction is generally larger before noon and smaller in the afternoon under polluted conditions, but megacities and complex topography can influence the pattern.
A robust relationship between convective cloud and aerosol loading is found. This pattern varies with terrain height and is modulated by varying thermodynamic, dynamical, and humidity conditions during the day.
Hai Zhang, Shobha Kondragunta, Istvan Laszlo, and Mi Zhou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5955–5975, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5955-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5955-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) retrieve high temporal resolution aerosol optical depth, which is a measure of the aerosol quantity within the atmospheric column. This work introduces an algorithm that improves the accuracy of the aerosol optical depth retrievals from GOES. The resulting data product can be used in monitoring the air quality and climate change research.
Priyanka deSouza, Ralph A. Kahn, James A. Limbacher, Eloise A. Marais, Fábio Duarte, and Carlo Ratti
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5319–5334, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5319-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5319-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a novel method to constrain the size distribution derived from low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) using satellite data to develop higher-quality particulate matter (PM) estimates. Such estimates can enable cities that do not have access to expensive reference air quality monitors, especially those in the global south, to develop effective air quality management plans.
Cited articles
ABI AOD ATBD: GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) algorithm theoretical basis document for suspended matter/aerosol optical depth and aerosol size parameter, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Version 4.2, https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/spb/aq/AerosolWatch/docs/GOES-R_ABI_AOD_ATBD_V4.2_20180214.pdf (last access: 5 March 2021), 2018.
Baldassari, E.: Camp Fire death toll grows to 29, matching 1933 blaze as state's deadliest, East Bay Times, 11, https://www.presstelegram.com/2018/11/12/camp-fire-death-
toll-grows-to-29-matching-1933-griffith-park-blaze-for-deadliest-in-california/ (last access: 9 January 2024), 12 November 2018.
Bian, Q., Kreidenweis, S., Chiu, J. C., Miller, S. D., Xu, X., Wang, J., Kahn, R. A., Limbacher, J. A., Remer, L. A., and Levy, R. C.: Constraining Aerosol Phase Function Using Dual-View Geostationary Satellites, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD035209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035209, 2021.
Cal Fire: Kincade Fire Incident, https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2019/10/23/kincade-fire (last access: 4 September 2022), 2020.
Ceamanos, X., Six, B., Moparthy, S., Carrer, D., Georgeot, A., Gasteiger, J., Riedi, J., Attié, J.-L., Lyapustin, A., and Katsev, I.: Instantaneous aerosol and surface retrieval using satellites in geostationary orbit (iAERUS-GEO) – estimation of 15 min aerosol optical depth from MSG/SEVIRI and evaluation with reference data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2575–2599, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2575-2023, 2023.
Cochran, D. R. and Pyle, R. L.: Volcanology via satellite, Mon. Weather Rev., 106, 1373–1375, 1978.
deSouza, P., Kahn, R. A., Limbacher, J. A., Marais, E. A., Duarte, F., and Ratti, C.: Combining low-cost, surface-based aerosol monitors with size-resolved satellite data for air quality applications, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5319–5334, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5319-2020, 2020.
Dubovik, O. and King, M. D.: A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20673–20696, 2000.
Dubovik, O., Lapyonok, T., Litvinov, P., Herman, M., Fuertes, D., Ducos, F., Lopatin, A., Chaikovsky, A., Torres, B., Derimian, Y., and Huang, X.: GRASP: a versatile algorithm for characterizing the atmosphere, SPIE Newsroom, 25, 2-1201408, 2014.
Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Reid, J. S., Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., O'Neill, N. T., Slutsker, I., and Kinne, S.: Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31333–31349, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900923, 1999.
Flower, V. J. B. and Kahn, R. A.: The evolution of Iceland volcano emissions, as observed from space, J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JD031625, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031625, 2020a.
Flower, V. J. B. and Kahn, R. A.: The regional volcanology of Kamchatka, based on multi-sensor satellite observations, Remote Sens. Environ., 237, 111585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111585, 2020b.
Friberg, M. D., Kahn, R. A., Limbacher, J. A., Appel, K. W., and Mulholland, J. A.: Constraining chemical transport PM2.5 modeling outputs using surface monitor measurements and satellite retrievals: application over the San Joaquin Valley, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12891–12913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12891-2018, 2018.
Giles, D. M., Sinyuk, A., Sorokin, M. G., Schafer, J. S., Smirnov, A., Slutsker, I., Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Lewis, J. R., Campbell, J. R., Welton, E. J., Korkin, S. V., and Lyapustin, A. I.: Advancements in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Version 3 database – automated near-real-time quality control algorithm with improved cloud screening for Sun photometer aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 169–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-169-2019, 2019.
GOES-R Calibration Working Group and GOES-R Series Program: NOAA GOES-R Series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) Level 1b Radiances [L1B Radiances], NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C01501, 2017.
Govaerts, Y. M., Wagner, S., Lattanzio, A., and Watts, P: Joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol optical depth from MSG/SEVIRI observations with an optimal estimation approach: 1. Theory, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D02203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011779, 2010.
Greenfield, S. M. and Kellogg, W. W.: Inquiry into the feasibility of weather reconnaissance from a satellite vehicle, Exploring Unknown, 184–383, 1960.
Gupta, P., Levy, R. C., Mattoo, S., Remer, L. A., Holz, R. E., and Heidinger, A. K.: Applying the Dark Target aerosol algorithm with Advanced Himawari Imager observations during the KORUS-AQ field campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6557–6577, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6557-2019, 2019.
Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Tanre, D., Buis, J. P., Sezter, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Nakajima, T., Lavenu, F., Jankowiak, I., and Smirnov, A.: AERONET – a federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1–16, 1998.
Junghenn Noyes, K. T., Kahn, R. A., Limbacher, J. A., Li, Z., Fenn, M. A., Giles, D. M., Hair, J. W., Katich, J. M., Moore, R. H., Robinson, C. E., Sanchez, K. J., Shingler, T. J., Thornhill, K. L., Wiggins, E. B., and Winstead, E. L.: Wildfire Smoke Particle Properties and Evolution, From Space-Based Multi-Angle Imaging II: The Williams Flats Fire during the FIREX-AQ Campaign, Remote Sens.-Basel, 12, 3823, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223823, 2020.
Junghenn Noyes, K. T., Kahn, R. A., Limbacher, J. A., and Li, Z.: Canadian and Alaskan wildfire smoke particle properties, their evolution, and controlling factors, from satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10267–10290, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10267-2022, 2022.
Kahn, R. A. and Limbacher, J.: Eyjafjallajökull volcano plume particle-type characterization from space-based multi-angle imaging, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9459–9477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9459-2012, 2012.
Kondragunta, S., Laszlo, I., Zhang, H., Ciren, P., and Huff, A.: Air quality applications of ABI aerosol products from the GOES-R series, The GOES-R Series, Chap. 17, 203–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814327-8.00017-2, 2020.
Lee, J., Hsu, N. C., Sayer, A. M., Bettenhausen, C., and Yang, P.: AERONET-based nonspherical dust optical models and effects on the VIIRS Deep Blue/SOAR over water aerosol product, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 10384–10401, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027258, 2017.
Lawson, C. L. and Hanson, R. J.: Solving least squares problems, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, ISBN: 0898713560, 1995.
Li, C., Dubovik, O., Li, J., and Lopatin, A.: An Improved Aerosol Retrieval for Himawari-8/AHI Using GRASP Algorithm, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, A211-0017, 2020.
Li, S., Wang, W., Hashimoto, H., Xiong, J., Vandal, T., Yao, J., Qian, L., Ichii, K., Lyapustin, A., Wang, Y., and Nemani, R.: First provisional land surface reflectance product from geostationary satellite Himawari-8 AHI, Remote Sens.-Basel, 11, 2990, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242990, 2019.
Limbacher, J. A. and Kahn, R. A.: Updated MISR over-water research aerosol retrieval algorithm – Part 2: A multi-angle aerosol retrieval algorithm for shallow, turbid, oligotrophic, and eutrophic waters, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 675–689, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-675-2019, 2019.
Limbacher, J. A., Kahn, R. A., and Lee, J.: The new MISR research aerosol retrieval algorithm: a multi-angle, multi-spectral, bounded-variable least squares retrieval of aerosol particle properties over both land and water, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6865–6887, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6865-2022, 2022.
Limbacher, J., Kahn, R., Friberg, M., Lee, J., Summers, T., and Zhang, H.: MAGARA: A Multi-Angle Geostationary Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164566, 2023.
Lindley, T. T., Zwink, A. B., Gravelle, C. M., Schmidt, C. C., Palmer, C. K., Rowe, S. T., Heffernan, R., Driscoll, N., and Kent, G. M.: Ground-Based Corroboration of GOES-17 Fire Detection Capabilities During Ignition of the Kincade Fire, Journal of Operational Meteorology, 8, 105–110, https://doi.org/10.15191/nwajom.2020.0808, 2020.
Liu, H., Zhou, M., Laszlo, I., and Kondragunta, S.: Evaluation of the NOAA Enterprise Aerosol Optical Depth Algorithm Applied to GOES-16 ABI, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, A51G-2232, 2018.
Lyapustin, A. and Wang, Y.: MCD19A3 MODIS/Terra+Aqua BRDF Model Parameters 8-Day L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid V006, distributed by NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD19A3.006, 2018.
Lyapustin, A., Wang, Y., Korkin, S., and Huang, D.: MODIS Collection 6 MAIAC algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5741–5765, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5741-2018, 2018.
Maranghides, A., Link, E., Hawks, S., Wilson, M., Brewer, W., Brown, C., Vihnaneck, B., and Walton, W. D.: A Case Study of the Camp Fire–Fire Progression Timeline Appendix C, Community WUI Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework, https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2135, 2021.
Matus, A. V., L'Ecuyer, T. S., and Henderson, D. S.: New estimates of aerosol direct radiative effects and forcing from A-train satellite observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 8338–8346, 2019.
McCorkel, J., Efremova, B., Hair, J., Andrade, M., and Holben, B.: GOES-16 ABI solar reflective channel validation for earth science application, Remote Sens. Environ., 237, 111438, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111438, 2020.
Midzak, N., Yorks, J., Zhang, J., Limbacher, J., Garay, M., and Kalashnikova, O.: Constrained Retrievals of Aerosol Optical Properties Using Combined Lidar and Imager Measurements During the FIREX-AQ Campaign, Front. Remote Sens. 3, 818605, https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.818605, 2022.
Mischenko, M. I., Travis, L. D., and Lacis, A. A.: Scattering, absorption, and emission of light by small particles, Cambridge University Press, ISBN-10: 052178252X, ISBN-13: 978-0521782524, 2002.
O'Neill, N. T., Eck, T. F., Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., and Thulasiraman, S.: Spectral discrimination of coarse and fine mode optical depth, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4559, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002975, 2003.
Quaas, J., Arola, A., Cairns, B., Christensen, M., Deneke, H., Ekman, A. M. L., Feingold, G., Fridlind, A., Gryspeerdt, E., Hasekamp, O., Li, Z., Lipponen, A., Ma, P.-L., Mülmenstädt, J., Nenes, A., Penner, J. E., Rosenfeld, D., Schrödner, R., Sinclair, K., Sourdeval, O., Stier, P., Tesche, M., van Diedenhoven, B., and Wendisch, M.: Constraining the Twomey effect from satellite observations: issues and perspectives, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15079–15099, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15079-2020, 2020.
Remer, L. A., Levy, R. C., Mattoo, S., Tanré, D., Gupta, P., Shi, Y., Sawyer, V., Munchak, L. A., Zhou, Y., Kim, M., and Ichoku, C.: The dark target algorithm for observing the global aerosol system: Past, present, and future, Remote Sens.-Basel, 12, 2900, 2020.
Reyes-Velarde, A.: California's Camp Fire was the costliest global disaster last year, insurance report shows, Los Angeles Times, 11 January 2019.
Rozanov, V. V., Rozanov, A. V., Kokhanovsky, A. A., and Burrows, J. P.: Radiative transfer through terrestrial atmosphere and ocean: Software package SCIATRAN, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 133, 13–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.07.004, 2014.
Sayer, A. M.: How long is too long? Variogram analysis of AERONET data to aid aerosol validation and intercomparison studies, Earth and Space Science, 7, e2020EA001290, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001290, 2020.
Schmit, T. J., Lindstrom, S. S., Gerth, J. J., and Gunshor, M. M.: Applications of the 16 spectral bands on the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), Journal of Operational Meteorology, 6, 33–46, https://doi.org/10.15191/nwajom.2018.0604, 2018.
Scollo, S., Kahn, R. A., Nelson, D. L., Coltelli, M., Diner, D. J., Garay, M. J., and Realmuto, V. J.: MISR observations of Etna volcanic plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016625, 2012.
Sinyuk, A., Holben, B. N., Smirnov, A., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Schafer, J. S., Giles, D. M., and Sorokin, M.: Assessment of error in aerosol optical depth measured by AERONET due to aerosol forward scattering, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L23806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053894, 2012.
Sinyuk, A., Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Giles, D. M., Slutsker, I., Korkin, S., Schafer, J. S., Smirnov, A., Sorokin, M., and Lyapustin, A.: The AERONET Version 3 aerosol retrieval algorithm, associated uncertainties and comparisons to Version 2, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3375–3411, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3375-2020, 2020.
Sinyuk, A., Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Giles, D. M., Slutsker, I., Dubovik, O., Schafer, J. S., Smirnov, A., and Sorokin, M.: Employing relaxed smoothness constraints on imaginary part of refractive index in AERONET aerosol retrieval algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4135–4151, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4135-2022, 2022.
Wagner, F. and Silva, A. M.: Some considerations about Ångström exponent distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 481–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-481-2008, 2008.
Wang, W., Wang, Y., Lyapustin, A., Hashimoto, H., Park, T., Michaelis, A., and Nemani, R.: A Novel Atmospheric Correction Algorithm to Exploit the Diurnal Variability in Hypertemporal Geostationary Observations, Remote Sens.-Basel, 14, 964, 2022.
Wang, Z., Wu, X., Yu, F., Fulbright, J. P., Kline, E., Yoo, H., Schmit, T. J., Gunshor, M. M., Coakley, M., Black, M., and Lindsey, D. T.: On-orbit calibration and characterization of GOES-17 ABI IR bands under dynamic thermal condition, J. Appl. Remote Sens., 14, 034527–034527, 2020.
Warnecke, G. and Sunderlin, W. S.: B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 49, 75–83, 1968.
Zerzan, J. M.: Overlap: a FORTRAN program for rapidly evaluating the area of overlap between two polygons, Comput. Geosci., 15, 1109–1114, 1989.
Zhang, H., Hoff, R. M., Kondragunta, S., Laszlo, I., and Lyapustin, A.: Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval using simultaneous GOES-East and GOES-West reflected radiances over the western United States, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 471–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-471-2013, 2013.
Zhang, H., Kondragunta, S., Laszlo, I., and Zhou, M.: Improving GOES Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals using an empirical bias correction algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5955–5975, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5955-2020, 2020.
Short summary
We present the new Multi-Angle Geostationary Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (MAGARA) that fuses observations from GOES-16 and GOES-17 to retrieve information about aerosol loading (at 10–15 min cadence) and aerosol particle properties (daily), all at pixel-level resolution. We present MAGARA results for three case studies: the 2018 California Camp Fire, the 2019 Williams Flats Fire, and the 2019 Kincade Fire. We also compare MAGARA aerosol loading and particle properties with AERONET.
We present the new Multi-Angle Geostationary Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (MAGARA) that fuses...