Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
AMT
Articles | Volume 19, issue 6
Articles | Volume 19, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2125-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2125-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 6
Research article
 | 
27 Mar 2026
Research article |  | 27 Mar 2026

First nationwide analysis of riming using vertical observations from the operational German C-band radar network

Paul Ockenfuß, Michael Frech, Mathias Gergely, and Stefan Kneifel

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Short summary
The 17 operational German weather radars regularly point vertical for calibration. We proof that this data also contains valuable scientific information. To demonstrate this, we use it to detect the melting level in clouds and strong snowflake riming. Riming is the collision of a snowflake with liquid droplets, which can create precipitation. We analyze the frequency and temperature dependence of riming for all German weather radar sites and relate it to the local precipitation climatology.
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Fusion of radar polarimetry and numerical atmospheric modelling...