Articles | Volume 19, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3169-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3169-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 May 2026
Research article |
| 15 May 2026
| 15 May 2026
Hybrid methodology for optimised water vapour mixing ratio profiles from Raman lidar measurements
Arlett Díaz-Zurita
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Daniel Pérez-Ramírez
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
David N. Whiteman
Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, United States
Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
Onel Rodríguez-Navarro
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Víctor M. Naval-Hernández
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Jorge Muñiz-Rosado
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Soledad Fernández-Carvelo
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Jesús Abril-Gago
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Ana del Águila
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
María José Granados-Muñoz
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Manuel Antón
Department of Physics, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
Javier Vaquero-Martínez
Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y las Matemáticas, Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
Inmaculada Foyo-Moreno
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Jose Antonio Benavent-Oltra
Departamento de Ingeniería. Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Física Aplicada, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial (ETSIDI), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Granada, 18006, Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
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Short summary
This study introduces a new hybrid calibration method for Raman lidar water vapour measurements that combines precipitable water vapour retrievals from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with ERA5 model data to reconstruct the lidar profile in the incomplete overlap region. The proposed methodology enables the retrieval of calibration constants with high temporal resolution, allowing accurate vertical profiling of water vapour from near the surface up to the upper troposphere.
This study introduces a new hybrid calibration method for Raman lidar water vapour measurements...
