Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3713-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3713-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Direct-sun versus sky-scan Pandora formaldehyde retrievals: implications for satellite validation and sampling representativeness in Tropical Southeast Asia
Santanasawry A. L. David Arul
Preparatory Center for Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Faculty of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Jackson Hian-Wui Chang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Preparatory Center for Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
Yong Jie Wong
Department of Bioenvironmental Design, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
Maggie Chel-Gee Ooi
Centre of Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Juneng Liew
Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Fuei Pien Chee
Faculty of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Jedol Dayou
Energy, Vibration and Sound Research Laboratory (e-VIBS), Faculty of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Centre for Instrumentation and Science Services (CISS), University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Justin Sentian
Faculty of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Putu Aryastana
Department of Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Postgraduates, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, 80239, Indonesia
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Planning, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, 80239, Indonesia
Neng-Huei Lin
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
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Phuong Loan Nguyen, Lisa V. Alexander, Thanh Ngo-Duc, Faye Cruz, Jerasorn Santisirisomboon, Liew Juneng, Donaldi S. Permana, Jing Xiang Chung, Julie Mae Dado, John L. McGregor, Grace Redmond, Tse Wai Po, Fredolin Tangang, Tan Phan-Van, Son C. H. Truong, Marcus Thatcher, Long Trinh-Tuan, Ummu Ma’rufah, Jennifer Tibay, Giovanni Di Virgilio, and Stephen White
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1325, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1325, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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We introduce an ensemble of climate models that simulate Southeast Asia's future climate for 1960–2100. We (1) showed how well these models simulate observed climate by comparison with multiple observations, (2) applied a standardized benchmarking framework to model outputs to select a subset of models for further dynamical downscaling at kilometre-scale over megacities of SEA. These international efforts can help guide climate model design and the use and interpretation of climate projections.
Duy-Hieu Nguyen, Hsin-Cheng Hsieh, Mao-Chang Liang, Neng-Huei Lin, Chieh-Heng Wang, and Jia-Lin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2831–2852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2831-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2831-2026, 2026
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Using year-round, high-frequency non-methane hydrocarbons measurements from three monitoring sites, each with distinct source–receptor characteristics, this study applied the source apportionment model to resolve eight sources and assess ozone-forming potential. Distinct acetylene plumes at Linyuan (R² > 0.99) provided an internal consistency check. Results reveal spatial–seasonal source variability and highlight the roles of petroleum, mixed, and aged air sources in ozone formation management.
Po-Hsun Lin, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Otto Klemm, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2083–2102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2083-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2083-2026, 2026
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This study used in-situ observations to explore how long-range transported biomass-burning aerosols affect the development of warm clouds in Southeast Asia. Our findings provide evidence of the nonlinear responses of cloud systems to absorbing aerosols. When liquid water is relatively abundant compared to aerosol concentration, increased aerosols tend to enhance droplet formation; otherwise, aerosols may suppress cloud development by altering the surrounding environment.
Saginela Ravindra Babu and Neng-Huei Lin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4223, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4223, 2025
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This study investigates record-breaking aerosol loading over the South China Sea in April 2023, driven by intense biomass burning in Laos and Myanmar. Using satellite and reanalysis data, we show that compound climate extremes and circulation anomalies enhanced fire activity and altered smoke transport, leading to severe transboundary pollution. The findings highlight links between climate variability, aerosols, and regional air quality in Southeast Asia.
Steven Soon-Kai Kong, Joshua S. Fu, Neng-Huei Lin, Guey-Rong Sheu, and Wei-Syun Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7245–7268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7245-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7245-2025, 2025
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The accuracy of the chemical transport model, a key focus of our research, is strongly dependent on the dry deposition parameterization. Our findings show that the refined CMAQ dust model correlated well with ground-based and high-altitude in situ measurements by implementing the suggested dry deposition schemes. Furthermore, we reveal the mixing state of two types of aerosols at the upper level, a finding supported by both the optimized model and measurements.
Steven Soon-Kai Kong, Saginela Ravindra Babu, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Stephen M. Griffith, Jackson Hian-Wui Chang, Ming-Tung Chuang, Guey-Rong Sheu, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1041–1058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1041-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1041-2024, 2024
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In this study, we combined ground observations from 7-SEAS Dongsha Experiment, MERRA-2 reanalysis, and MODIS satellite images for evaluation and improvement of the CMAQ dust model for cases of East Asian Dust reaching the Taiwan region, including Dongsha in the western Pacific. We proposed a better CMAQ dust treatment over East Asia and for the first time revealed the impact of typhoons on dust transport.
Jackson Hian-Wui Chang, Stephen M. Griffith, Steven Soon-Kai Kong, Ming-Tung Chuang, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6357–6382, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6357-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6357-2023, 2023
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A novel CMAQ–PMF-based composite index is developed to identify the key VOC source species for an effective ozone abatement strategy. The index provides information as to which VOC species are key to ozone formation and where to reduce sources of these VOC species. Using the composite index, we recommended the VOC control measures in southern Taiwan should prioritize solvent usage, vehicle emissions, and the petrochemical industry.
Saginela Ravindra Babu, Chang-Feng Ou-Yang, Stephen M. Griffith, Shantanu Kumar Pani, Steven Soon-Kai Kong, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4727–4740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4727-2023, 2023
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In October 2006 and 2015, extensive fire episodes occurred in Indonesia, releasing an enormous amount of CO emissions. By combining in situ and satellite CO measurements and reanalysis products, we reported plausible transport pathways of CO from Indonesia to the Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS; 23.47° N, 120.87° E; 2862 m a.s.l.) in Taiwan. We identified (i) horizontal transport in the free troposphere and (ii) vertical transport through the Hadley circulation.
Clémence Rose, Martine Collaud Coen, Elisabeth Andrews, Yong Lin, Isaline Bossert, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Thomas Tuch, Alfred Wiedensohler, Markus Fiebig, Pasi Aalto, Andrés Alastuey, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Marcos Andrade, Begoña Artíñano, Todor Arsov, Urs Baltensperger, Susanne Bastian, Olaf Bath, Johan Paul Beukes, Benjamin T. Brem, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Sébastien Conil, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Olivier Favez, Harald Flentje, Maria I. Gini, Francisco Javier Gómez-Moreno, Martin Gysel-Beer, Anna Gannet Hallar, Ivo Kalapov, Nikos Kalivitis, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Melita Keywood, Jeong Eun Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Adam Kristensson, Markku Kulmala, Heikki Lihavainen, Neng-Huei Lin, Hassan Lyamani, Angela Marinoni, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Frank Meinhardt, Maik Merkel, Jean-Marc Metzger, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Marco Pandolfi, Noemi Pérez, Tuukka Petäjä, Jean-Eudes Petit, David Picard, Jean-Marc Pichon, Veronique Pont, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Fabienne Reisen, Karine Sellegri, Sangeeta Sharma, Gerhard Schauer, Patrick Sheridan, James Patrick Sherman, Andreas Schwerin, Ralf Sohmer, Mar Sorribas, Junying Sun, Pierre Tulet, Ville Vakkari, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Fernando Velarde, Paolo Villani, Stergios Vratolis, Zdenek Wagner, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Kay Weinhold, Rolf Weller, Margarita Yela, Vladimir Zdimal, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17185–17223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021, 2021
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Aerosol particles are a complex component of the atmospheric system the effects of which are among the most uncertain in climate change projections. Using data collected at 62 stations, this study provides the most up-to-date picture of the spatial distribution of particle number concentration and size distribution worldwide, with the aim of contributing to better representation of aerosols and their interactions with clouds in models and, therefore, better evaluation of their impact on climate.
Maggie Chel-Gee Ooi, Ming-Tung Chuang, Joshua S. Fu, Steven S. Kong, Wei-Syun Huang, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Sittichai Pimonsree, Andy Chan, Shantanu Kumar Pani, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12521–12541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12521-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12521-2021, 2021
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There is very limited local modeling effort in Southeast Asia, where haze is an annually recurring threat. In this work, the accuracy of haze prediction is improved not only at the burning source but also at the downwind site in northern Southeast Asia to highlight the influence of trans-boundary haze, which is often regional. The burning haze is carried to the populated west of Taiwan via several mechanisms, with the most severe conditions related to the boreal winter pressure system.
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Short summary
This study examines how ground-based instruments measure air pollution and how well these measurements match satellite observations over Southeast Asia. We compared two observing methods and found that one captures more detailed short-term changes, while the other provides more stable and representative results. Satellite data improved with newer technology but still showed differences. These findings help improve how scientists interpret satellite data for air quality and climate studies.
This study examines how ground-based instruments measure air pollution and how well these...