Enhancing GNSS water vapour retrieval via synergistic microwave radiometry: thermodynamic error diagnosis and bias correction

Parde, Avinash N.; Oikonomou, Christina; Haralambous, Haris

doi:10.5194/amt-19-4517-2026

Articles | Volume 19, issue 13

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4517-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4517-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 13

Research article

|

09 Jul 2026

Research article |

| 09 Jul 2026

Enhancing GNSS water vapour retrieval via synergistic microwave radiometry: thermodynamic error diagnosis and bias correction

Avinash N. Parde, Christina Oikonomou, and Haris Haralambous

Data sets

ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6

Short summary

This research improved atmospheric moisture tracking, a key factor in severe weather, over the Eastern Mediterranean. Standard climate models fail to capture daily temperature shifts, causing significant moisture tracking errors during hot days. By pairing Global Navigation Satellite Systems with dynamic ground sensors, these temperature errors were corrected, halving the uncertainty in moisture measurements. This approach greatly improves climate records.