Articles | Volume 19, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4517-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4517-2026
Research article
 | 
09 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 09 Jul 2026

Enhancing GNSS water vapour retrieval via synergistic microwave radiometry: thermodynamic error diagnosis and bias correction

Avinash N. Parde, Christina Oikonomou, and Haris Haralambous

Cited articles

Askne, J. and Nordius, H.: Estimation of tropospheric delay for microwaves from surface weather data, Radio Sci., 22, 379–386, https://doi.org/10.1029/RS022i003p00379, 1987. 
Bennartz, R. and Bauer, P.: Sensitivity of microwave radiances at 85–183 GHz to precipitating ice particles, Radio Sci., 38, 8075, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002RS002626, 2003. 
Bennitt, G. V. and Jupp, A.: Operational assimilation of GPS zenith total delay observations into the Met Office numerical weather prediction models, Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 2706–2719, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00156.1, 2012. 
Bevis, M., Businger, S., Herring, T. A., Rocken, C., Anthes, R. A., and Ware, R. H.: GPS meteorology: Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor using the Global Positioning System, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15787–15801, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD01517, 1992. 
Bevis, M., Businger, S., Chiswell, S., Herring, T. A., Anthes, R. A., Rocken, C., and Ware, R. H.: GPS meteorology: Mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 379–386, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0379:GMMZWD>2.0.CO;2, 1994. 
Download
Short summary
This research improved atmospheric moisture tracking, a key factor in severe weather, over the Eastern Mediterranean. Standard climate models fail to capture daily temperature shifts, causing significant moisture tracking errors during hot days. By pairing Global Navigation Satellite Systems with dynamic ground sensors, these temperature errors were corrected, halving the uncertainty in moisture measurements. This approach greatly improves climate records.
Share