Articles | Volume 14, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-223-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-223-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 12 Jan 2021
| 12 Jan 2021
Experimental methodology and procedure for SAPPHIRE: a Semi-automatic APParatus for High-voltage Ice nucleation REsearch
Jens-Michael Löwe
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
High-Voltage Laboratories, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Markus Schremb
Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Volker Hinrichsen
High-Voltage Laboratories, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Cameron Tropea
Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Related subject area
Subject: Others (Wind, Precipitation, Temperature, etc.) | Technique: Laboratory Measurement | Topic: Instruments and Platforms
Measuring diameters and velocities of artificial raindrops with a neuromorphic event camera
Pre-launch calibration and validation of the Airborne Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP) instrument
Optimization of a Picarro L2140-i cavity ring-down spectrometer for routine measurement of triple oxygen isotope ratios in meteoric waters
Improving continuous-flow analysis of triple oxygen isotopes in ice cores: insights from replicate measurements
Contactless optical hygrometry in LACIS-T
Laboratory characterisation and intercomparison sounding test of dual thermistor radiosondes for radiation correction
Radiation correction and uncertainty evaluation of RS41 temperature sensors by using an upper-air simulator
Laboratory characterisation of the radiation temperature error of radiosondes and its application to the GRUAN data processing for the Vaisala RS41
Modeling the dynamic behavior of a droplet evaporation device for the delivery of isotopically calibrated low-humidity water vapor
The Roland von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber (RvG-ASIC): an experimental facility for studying ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere interactions
Revisiting wind speed measurements using actively heated fiber optics: a wind tunnel study
A pyroelectric thermal sensor for automated ice nucleation detection
Distributed observations of wind direction using microstructures attached to actively heated fiber-optic cables
An automated method for preparing and calibrating electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes
Design, construction and commissioning of the Braunschweig Icing Wind Tunnel
Temperature uniformity in the CERN CLOUD chamber
Analysis of the application of the optical method to the measurements of the water vapor content in the atmosphere – Part 1: Basic concepts of the measurement technique
Kire Micev, Jan Steiner, Asude Aydin, Jörg Rieckermann, and Tobi Delbruck
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 335–357, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-335-2024, 2024
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This paper reports a novel rain droplet measurement method that uses a neuromorphic event camera to measure droplet sizes and speeds as they fall through a shallow plane of focus. Experimental results report accuracy similar to a commercial laser sheet disdrometer. Because these measurements are driven by event camera activity, this approach could enable the economical deployment of ubiquitous networks of solar-powered disdrometers.
Brent A. McBride, J. Vanderlei Martins, J. Dominik Cieslak, Roberto Fernandez-Borda, Anin Puthukuddy, Xiaoguang Xu, Noah Sienkiewicz, Brian Cairns, and Henrique M. J. Barbosa
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-865, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-865, 2023
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The Airborne Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP) is a new Earth-observing instrument that can provide highly accurate measurements of the atmosphere and surface. Using a physics-based calibration technique, we show that AirHARP can achieve high measurement accuracy in lab and field environments and exceed a benchmark accuracy requirement for modern aerosol and cloud climate observations. Our calibration technique makes the HARP design highly attractive for upcoming NASA climate missions.
Jack A. Hutchings and Bronwen L. Konecky
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1663–1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1663-2023, 2023
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The coupled variation of the three stable isotopes of oxygen in water is being studied as a relatively new tracer of the water cycle. Measurement by laser spectroscopy has a number of pitfalls that have hampered a wider exploration of this new tracer. We demonstrate successful analysis using Picarro's L2140-i analyzer and provide recommendations for other users. We find that removal of dissolved organic carbon is required when measurements are studied near the limits of instrumental accuracy.
Lindsey Davidge, Eric J. Steig, and Andrew J. Schauer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7337–7351, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7337-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7337-2022, 2022
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We describe a continuous-flow analysis (CFA) method to measure Δ17O by laser spectroscopy, and we show that centimeter-scale information can be measured reliably in ice cores by this method. We present seasonally resolved Δ17O data from Greenland and demonstrate that the measurement precision is not reduced by the CFA process. Our results encourage the development and use of CFA methods for Δ17O, and they identify calibration strategies as a target for method improvement.
Jakub L. Nowak, Robert Grosz, Wiebke Frey, Dennis Niedermeier, Jędrzej Mijas, Szymon P. Malinowski, Linda Ort, Silvio Schmalfuß, Frank Stratmann, Jens Voigtländer, and Tadeusz Stacewicz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4075–4089, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4075-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4075-2022, 2022
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A high-resolution infrared hygrometer (FIRH) was adapted to measure humidity and its rapid fluctuations in turbulence inside a moist-air wind tunnel LACIS-T where two air streams of different temperature and humidity are mixed. The measurement was achieved from outside the tunnel through its glass windows and provided an agreement with a reference dew-point hygrometer placed inside. The characterization of humidity complements previous investigations of velocity and temperature fields.
Sang-Wook Lee, Sunghun Kim, Young-Suk Lee, Jae-Keun Yoo, Sungjun Lee, Suyong Kwon, Byung Il Choi, Jaewon So, and Yong-Gyoo Kim
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2531–2545, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2531-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2531-2022, 2022
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Dual thermistor radiosonde (DTR) comprising two (white and black) sensors with different emissivities was developed to correct the effects of solar radiation on temperature sensors based on in situ radiation measurements. All components contributing to the uncertainty of the radiation measurement and correction are analysed. The DTR methodology improves the accuracy of temperature measurement in the upper air within the framework of the traceability to the International System of Units.
Sang-Wook Lee, Sunghun Kim, Young-Suk Lee, Byung Il Choi, Woong Kang, Youn Kyun Oh, Seongchong Park, Jae-Keun Yoo, Joohyun Lee, Sungjun Lee, Suyong Kwon, and Yong-Gyoo Kim
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1107–1121, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1107-2022, 2022
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The measurement of temperature in the free atmosphere is of significance for weather prediction and climate monitoring. Radiosondes are used to measure essential climate variables in upper air. Herein, an upper-air simulator is developed, and its performance is evaluated to improve the measurement accuracy of radiosondes by reproducing the environments that may be encountered by radiosondes. The paper presents a methodology to correct the main source of error for the radiosonde measurements.
Christoph von Rohden, Michael Sommer, Tatjana Naebert, Vasyl Motuz, and Ruud J. Dirksen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 383–405, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-383-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-383-2022, 2022
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Heating by solar radiation is the dominant error source for daytime temperature measurements by radiosondes. This paper describes a new laboratory setup (SISTER) to characterise this radiation error for pressures and ventilation speeds that are typical for the conditions between the surface and 35 km altitude. This characterisation is the basis for the radiation correction that is applied in the GRUAN data processing for the RS41 radiosonde. The GRUAN data product is compared to that of Vaisala.
Erik Kerstel
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4657–4667, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4657-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4657-2021, 2021
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A model was developed to quantitatively describe the dynamics, in terms of vapor-phase water concentration and isotope ratios, of nanoliter-droplet evaporation at the end of a syringe needle. Such a low humidity generator can be used to calibrate laser-based water isotope analyzers, e.g., in Antarctica. We show that modeling of experimental data constrains isotope fractionation factors and the evaporation rate to physically realistic values in good agreement with available literature values.
Max Thomas, James France, Odile Crabeck, Benjamin Hall, Verena Hof, Dirk Notz, Tokoloho Rampai, Leif Riemenschneider, Oliver John Tooth, Mathilde Tranter, and Jan Kaiser
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1833–1849, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1833-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1833-2021, 2021
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We describe the Roland von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber, a laboratory facility for studying ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere interactions. We characterise the technical capabilities of our facility to help future users plan and perform experiments. We also characterise the sea ice grown in the facility, showing that the extinction of photosynthetically active radiation, the bulk salinity, and the growth rate of our artificial sea ice are within the range of natural values.
Justus G. V. van Ramshorst, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Bart Schilperoort, Bas J. H. van de Wiel, Jonathan G. Izett, John S. Selker, Chad W. Higgins, Hubert H. G. Savenije, and Nick C. van de Giesen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5423–5439, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5423-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5423-2020, 2020
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In this work we present experimental results of a novel actively heated fiber-optic (AHFO) observational wind-probing technique. We utilized a controlled wind-tunnel setup to assess both the accuracy and precision of AHFO under a range of operational conditions (wind speed, angles of attack and temperature differences). AHFO has the potential to provide high-resolution distributed observations of wind speeds, allowing for better spatial characterization of fine-scale processes.
Fred Cook, Rachel Lord, Gary Sitbon, Adam Stephens, Alison Rust, and Walther Schwarzacher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2785–2795, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2785-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2785-2020, 2020
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We present a cheap, adaptable, and easily assembled thermal sensor for detecting microlitre droplets of water freezing. The sensor was developed to increase the level of automation in droplet array ice nucleation experiments, reducing the total amount of time required for each experiment. As a proof of concept, we compare the ice-nucleating efficiency of a crystalline and glassy sample of K-feldpsar. The glassy sample was found to be a less efficient ice nucleator at higher temperatures.
Karl Lapo, Anita Freundorfer, Lena Pfister, Johann Schneider, John Selker, and Christoph Thomas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1563–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1563-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1563-2020, 2020
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Most observations of the atmosphere are
point observations, which only measure a small area around the sensor. This limitation creates problems for a number of disciplines, especially those that focus on how the surface and atmosphere exchange heat, mass, and momentum. We used distributed temperature sensing with fiber optics to demonstrate a key breakthrough in observing wind direction in a distributed way, i.e., not at a point, using small structures attached to the fiber-optic cables.
Francis J. Schmidlin and Bruno A. Hoegger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1157–1166, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1157-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1157-2020, 2020
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The procedure for preparing electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes are considered to be standardized, but there remains the question of actual measurement accuracy, believed to be 5–10 %. It would be ideal to include a reference instrument on the balloon flight to aid in checking ECC accuracy and reliability. Balloon-borne reference instruments are not usually available, mostly because they are too expensive for other than occasional use.
Stephan E. Bansmer, Arne Baumert, Stephan Sattler, Inken Knop, Delphine Leroy, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Christiane Voigt, Hugo Pervier, and Biagio Esposito
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3221–3249, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3221-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3221-2018, 2018
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Snow, frost formation and ice cubes in our drinks are part of our daily life. But what about our technical innovations like aviation, electrical power transmission and wind-energy production, can they cope with icing? Icing Wind Tunnels are an ideal laboratory environment to answer that question. In this paper, we show how the icing wind tunnel in Braunschweig (Germany) was built and how we can use it for engineering and climate research.
António Dias, Sebastian Ehrhart, Alexander Vogel, Christina Williamson, João Almeida, Jasper Kirkby, Serge Mathot, Samuel Mumford, and Antti Onnela
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 5075–5088, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-5075-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-5075-2017, 2017
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The CERN CLOUD chamber is used to understand different processes of particle formation in the atmosphere. This information can be used by global climate models to update the influence of cloud formation. To provide the most accurate information on these processes, a thorough understanding of the chamber is necessary. Temperature measurements were performed inside the entire volume of the CLOUD chamber to ensure temperature stability and more accurate estimations of particle formation parameters.
V. D. Galkin, F. Immler, G. A. Alekseeva, F.-H. Berger, U. Leiterer, T. Naebert, I. N. Nikanorova, V. V. Novikov, V. P. Pakhomov, and I. B. Sal'nikov
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 843–856, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-843-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-843-2011, 2011
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Short summary
Icing is a severe problem in many technical applications like aviation or high-voltage components for power transmission and distribution. The presented experimental setup enables the accurate investigation of the freezing of water droplets under the impact of electric fields. All boundary conditions are well controlled and investigated in detail. Results obtained with the setup might improve the understanding of the freezing process of water droplets under the impact of high electric fields.
Icing is a severe problem in many technical applications like aviation or high-voltage...
