Articles | Volume 15, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4569-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4569-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Aug 2022
Research article |
| 12 Aug 2022
| 12 Aug 2022
Correcting for filter-based aerosol light absorption biases at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's Southern Great Plains site using photoacoustic measurements and machine learning
Joshin Kumar
Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy,
Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Theo Paik
Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy,
Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Nishit J. Shetty
Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy,
Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Patrick Sheridan
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
Allison C. Aiken
Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
Manvendra K. Dubey
Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
Rajan K. Chakrabarty
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy,
Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Emily Follansbee, James E. Lee, Mohit L. Dubey, Jonathan F. Dooley, Curtis Shuck, Ken Minschwaner, Andre Santos, Sebastien C. Biraud, and Manvendra K. Dubey
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4527–4542, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4527-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4527-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work uses ambient methane and wind measurements to quantify methane emissions from a leaking orphaned oil and gas well using Gaussian plume inversions. Our analysis shows that existing Gaussian plume methods that assume atmospheric stability are prone to large errors. We report a more robust analysis that determines plume dispersion coefficients from our in situ observations. Our technique enables more accurate methane quantification of orphaned oil and gas wells to prioritize plugging.
Marc N. Fiddler, Vaios Moschos, Megan M. McRee, Abu Sayeed Md Shawon, Kyle Gorkowski, James E. Lee, Nevil A. Franco, Katherine B. Benedict, Samir Kattel, Chelia Thompson, Manvendra K. Dubey, and Solomon Bililign
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2720, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2720, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
The study used a photoacoustic spectrometer as a reference instrument to determine the multiple-scattering correction factor Cλ for an AE33 aethalometer at three wavelengths, which we believe is critical for aerosol absorption measurements using aethalometer. This is an important parametrization of Cλ specifically geared towards BB aerosol from African fuels under different aging states, and is of particular importance for future field work in that continent which is at present least studied.
Mohit L. Dubey, Andre Santos, Andrew B. Moyes, Ken Reichl, James E. Lee, Manvendra K. Dubey, Corentin LeYhuelic, Evan Variano, Emily Follansbee, Fotini K. Chow, and Sébastien C. Biraud
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2987–3007, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2987-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2987-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Orphaned wells, meaning wells lacking responsible owners, pose a significant and poorly understood environmental challenge. We propose, develop and test a novel method for estimating emissions from orphaned wells using a forced advection sampling technique (FAST) that can overcome many of the limitations in current methods (cost, accuracy, safety). Our results suggest that the FAST method can provide a low-cost alternative to existing methods over a range of leak rates.
Chimurkar Navinya, Taveen Singh Kapoor, Gupta Anurag, Chandra Venkataraman, Harish C. Phuleria, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13285–13297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13285-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13285-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) aerosols show an order-of-magnitude variation in their light absorption strength. Our understanding of BrC from real-world biomass burning remains limited, complicating the determination of its radiative impact. Our study reports absorption properties of BrC emitted from four major biomass burning sources using field measurements in India. It develops an absorption parameterization for BrC and examines the spatial variability in BrC's absorption strength across India.
Kavitha Mottungan, Chayan Roychoudhury, Vanessa Brocchi, Benjamin Gaubert, Wenfu Tang, Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei, John McKinnon, Yafang Guo, David W. T. Griffith, Dietrich G. Feist, Isamu Morino, Mahesh K. Sha, Manvendra K. Dubey, Martine De Mazière, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Paul O. Wennberg, Ralf Sussmann, Rigel Kivi, Tae-Young Goo, Voltaire A. Velazco, Wei Wang, and Avelino F. Arellano Jr.
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5861–5885, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A combination of data analysis techniques is introduced to separate local and regional influences on observed levels of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane from an established ground-based remote sensing network. We take advantage of the covariations in these trace gases to identify the dominant type of sources driving these levels. Applying these methods in conjunction with existing approaches to other datasets can better address uncertainties in identifying sources and sinks.
Jonathan F. Dooley, Kenneth Minschwaner, Manvendra K. Dubey, Sahar H. El Abbadi, Evan D. Sherwin, Aaron G. Meyer, Emily Follansbee, and James E. Lee
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5091–5111, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5091-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5091-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas originating from both natural and human activities. We describe a new uncrewed aerial system (UAS) designed to measure methane emission rates over a wide range of scales. This system has been used for direct quantification of point sources and distributed emitters over scales of up to 1 km. The system uses simultaneous measurements of methane and ethane to distinguish between different kinds of natural and human-related emission sources.
Zihan Zhu, Javier González-Rocha, Yifan Ding, Isis Frausto-Vicencio, Sajjan Heerah, Akula Venkatram, Manvendra Dubey, Don Collins, and Francesca M. Hopkins
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3883–3895, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increases in agriculture, oil and gas, and waste management activities have contributed to the increase in atmospheric methane levels and resultant climate warming. In this paper, we explore the use of small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUASs) and AirCore technology to detect and quantify methane emissions. Results from field experiments demonstrate that sUASs and AirCore technology can be effective for detecting and quantifying methane emissions in near real time.
Ryan N. Farley, James E. Lee, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Alex K. Y. Lee, Rachael Dal Porto, Christopher D. Cappa, Kyle Gorkowski, Abu Sayeed Md Shawon, Katherine B. Benedict, Allison C. Aiken, Manvendra K. Dubey, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The black carbon aerosol composition and mixing state were characterized using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Single-particle measurements revealed the major role of atmospheric processing in modulating the black carbon mixing state. A significant fraction of soot particles were internally mixed with oxidized organic aerosol and sulfate, with implications for activation as cloud nuclei.
Amie Dobracki, Paquita Zuidema, Steven G. Howell, Pablo Saide, Steffen Freitag, Allison C. Aiken, Sharon P. Burton, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Jens Redemann, and Robert Wood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4775–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4775-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4775-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Southern Africa produces approximately one-third of the world’s carbon from fires. The thick smoke layer can flow westward, interacting with the southeastern Atlantic cloud deck. The net radiative impact can alter regional circulation patterns, impacting rainfall over Africa. We find that the smoke is highly absorbing of sunlight, mostly because it contains more black carbon than smoke over the Northern Hemisphere.
Isis Frausto-Vicencio, Sajjan Heerah, Aaron G. Meyer, Harrison A. Parker, Manvendra Dubey, and Francesca M. Hopkins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4521–4543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4521-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4521-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires are increasing in the western USA, making it critical to understand the impacts of greenhouse gases and air pollutants on the atmosphere. We used a ground-based remote sensing technique to measure the greenhouse gases and aerosol in the atmosphere. We isolate a large smoke plume from a nearby wildfire and calculate variables to understand the fuel properties and combustion phases. We find that a significant amount of methane is emitted from the 2020 California wildfire season.
Francesca Gallo, Janek Uin, Kevin J. Sanchez, Richard H. Moore, Jian Wang, Robert Wood, Fan Mei, Connor Flynn, Stephen Springston, Eduardo B. Azevedo, Chongai Kuang, and Allison C. Aiken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4221–4246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a summary statistic of multiday aerosol plume transport event influences on aerosol physical properties and the cloud condensation nuclei budget at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Facility in the eastern North Atlantic (ENA). An algorithm that integrates aerosol properties is developed and applied to identify multiday aerosol transport events. The influence of the aerosol plumes on aerosol populations at the ENA is successively assessed.
Brendan Byrne, David F. Baker, Sourish Basu, Michael Bertolacci, Kevin W. Bowman, Dustin Carroll, Abhishek Chatterjee, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, Noel Cressie, David Crisp, Sean Crowell, Feng Deng, Zhu Deng, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Manvendra K. Dubey, Sha Feng, Omaira E. García, David W. T. Griffith, Benedikt Herkommer, Lei Hu, Andrew R. Jacobson, Rajesh Janardanan, Sujong Jeong, Matthew S. Johnson, Dylan B. A. Jones, Rigel Kivi, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Shamil Maksyutov, John B. Miller, Scot M. Miller, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Tomohiro Oda, Christopher W. O'Dell, Young-Suk Oh, Hirofumi Ohyama, Prabir K. Patra, Hélène Peiro, Christof Petri, Sajeev Philip, David F. Pollard, Benjamin Poulter, Marine Remaud, Andrew Schuh, Mahesh K. Sha, Kei Shiomi, Kimberly Strong, Colm Sweeney, Yao Té, Hanqin Tian, Voltaire A. Velazco, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Thorsten Warneke, John R. Worden, Debra Wunch, Yuanzhi Yao, Jeongmin Yun, Andrew Zammit-Mangion, and Ning Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 963–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems result in emissions and removals of CO2. These can be driven by anthropogenic activities (e.g., deforestation), natural processes (e.g., fires) or in response to rising CO2 (e.g., CO2 fertilization). This paper describes a dataset of CO2 emissions and removals derived from atmospheric CO2 observations. This pilot dataset informs current capabilities and future developments towards top-down monitoring and verification systems.
Payton Beeler and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14825–14836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14825-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14825-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding and parameterizing the influences of black carbon (BC) particle morphology and compositional heterogeneity on its light absorption represent a fundamental problem. We develop scaling laws using a single unifying parameter that effectively encompasses large-scale diversity observed in BC light absorption on a per-particle basis. The laws help reconcile the disparities between field observations and model predictions. Our framework is packaged in an open-source Python application.
Jie Luo, Zhengqiang Li, Chenchong Zhang, Qixing Zhang, Yongming Zhang, Ying Zhang, Gabriele Curci, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7647–7666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7647-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The fractal black carbon was applied to re-evaluate the regional impacts of morphologies on aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs), and the effects were compared between the US and China. The regional-mean clear-sky ARI is significantly affected by the BC morphology, and relative differences of 17.1 % and 38.7 % between the fractal model with a Df of 1.8 and the spherical model were observed in eastern China and the northwest US, respectively.
Aki Virkkula, Henrik Grythe, John Backman, Tuukka Petäjä, Maurizio Busetto, Christian Lanconelli, Angelo Lupi, Silvia Becagli, Rita Traversi, Mirko Severi, Vito Vitale, Patrick Sheridan, and Elisabeth Andrews
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5033–5069, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5033-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Optical properties of surface aerosols at Dome C, Antarctica, in 2007–2013 and their potential source areas are presented. The equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations were compared with eBC measured at three other Antarctic sites: the South Pole (SPO) and two coastal sites, Neumayer and Syowa. Transport analysis suggests that South American BC emissions are the largest contributor to eBC at Dome C.
James R. Ouimette, William C. Malm, Bret A. Schichtel, Patrick J. Sheridan, Elisabeth Andrews, John A. Ogren, and W. Patrick Arnott
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 655–676, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-655-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-655-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the low-cost PurpleAir sensor can be characterized as a cell-reciprocal nephelometer. At two very different locations (Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii and the Table Mountain rural site in Colorado), the PurpleAir measurements are highly correlated with the submicrometer aerosol scattering coefficient measured by a research-grade integrating nephelometer. These results imply that, with care, PurpleAir data may be used to evaluate climate and air quality models.
Thomas E. Taylor, Christopher W. O'Dell, David Crisp, Akhiko Kuze, Hannakaisa Lindqvist, Paul O. Wennberg, Abhishek Chatterjee, Michael Gunson, Annmarie Eldering, Brendan Fisher, Matthäus Kiel, Robert R. Nelson, Aronne Merrelli, Greg Osterman, Frédéric Chevallier, Paul I. Palmer, Liang Feng, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Manvendra K. Dubey, Dietrich G. Feist, Omaira E. García, David W. T. Griffith, Frank Hase, Laura T. Iraci, Rigel Kivi, Cheng Liu, Martine De Mazière, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Young-Suk Oh, Hirofumi Ohyama, David F. Pollard, Markus Rettinger, Matthias Schneider, Coleen M. Roehl, Mahesh Kumar Sha, Kei Shiomi, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Yao Té, Voltaire A. Velazco, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Thorsten Warneke, and Debra Wunch
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 325–360, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide an analysis of an 11-year record of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations derived using an optimal estimation retrieval algorithm on measurements made by the GOSAT satellite. The new product (version 9) shows improvement over the previous version (v7.3) as evaluated against independent estimates of CO2 from ground-based sensors and atmospheric inversion systems. We also compare the new GOSAT CO2 values to collocated estimates from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2.
Amie Dobracki, Paquita Zuidema, Steve Howell, Pablo Saide, Steffen Freitag, Allison C. Aiken, Sharon P. Burton, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Jens Redemann, and Robert Wood
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1081, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The global maximum of shortwave-absorbing aerosol above cloud occurs above the southeast Atlantic, where the biomass-burning aerosol provides a distinct aerosol radiative warming of regional climate. The smoke aerosols are unusually highly absorbing of sunlight. This study seeks to understand the cause. We conclude the aerosol is already strongly absorbing at the fire emission source, but that chemical aging, through encouraging a net loss of organic aerosol, also contributes.
Clémence Rose, Martine Collaud Coen, Elisabeth Andrews, Yong Lin, Isaline Bossert, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Thomas Tuch, Alfred Wiedensohler, Markus Fiebig, Pasi Aalto, Andrés Alastuey, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Marcos Andrade, Begoña Artíñano, Todor Arsov, Urs Baltensperger, Susanne Bastian, Olaf Bath, Johan Paul Beukes, Benjamin T. Brem, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Sébastien Conil, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Olivier Favez, Harald Flentje, Maria I. Gini, Francisco Javier Gómez-Moreno, Martin Gysel-Beer, Anna Gannet Hallar, Ivo Kalapov, Nikos Kalivitis, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Melita Keywood, Jeong Eun Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Adam Kristensson, Markku Kulmala, Heikki Lihavainen, Neng-Huei Lin, Hassan Lyamani, Angela Marinoni, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Frank Meinhardt, Maik Merkel, Jean-Marc Metzger, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Marco Pandolfi, Noemi Pérez, Tuukka Petäjä, Jean-Eudes Petit, David Picard, Jean-Marc Pichon, Veronique Pont, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Fabienne Reisen, Karine Sellegri, Sangeeta Sharma, Gerhard Schauer, Patrick Sheridan, James Patrick Sherman, Andreas Schwerin, Ralf Sohmer, Mar Sorribas, Junying Sun, Pierre Tulet, Ville Vakkari, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Fernando Velarde, Paolo Villani, Stergios Vratolis, Zdenek Wagner, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Kay Weinhold, Rolf Weller, Margarita Yela, Vladimir Zdimal, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17185–17223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles are a complex component of the atmospheric system the effects of which are among the most uncertain in climate change projections. Using data collected at 62 stations, this study provides the most up-to-date picture of the spatial distribution of particle number concentration and size distribution worldwide, with the aim of contributing to better representation of aerosols and their interactions with clouds in models and, therefore, better evaluation of their impact on climate.
Nicole Jacobs, William R. Simpson, Kelly A. Graham, Christopher Holmes, Frank Hase, Thomas Blumenstock, Qiansi Tu, Matthias Frey, Manvendra K. Dubey, Harrison A. Parker, Debra Wunch, Rigel Kivi, Pauli Heikkinen, Justus Notholt, Christof Petri, and Thorsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16661–16687, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16661-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16661-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Spatial patterns of carbon dioxide seasonal cycle amplitude and summer drawdown timing derived from the OCO-2 satellite over northern high latitudes agree well with corresponding estimates from two models. The Asian boreal forest is anomalous with the largest amplitude and earliest seasonal drawdown. Modeled land contact tracers suggest that accumulated CO2 exchanges during atmospheric transport play a major role in shaping carbon dioxide seasonality in northern high-latitude regions.
Taylor S. Jones, Jonathan E. Franklin, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Kristian D. Hajny, Johannes C. Paetzold, Adrian Wenzel, Conor Gately, Elaine Gottlieb, Harrison Parker, Manvendra Dubey, Frank Hase, Paul B. Shepson, Levi H. Mielke, and Steven C. Wofsy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13131–13147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13131-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13131-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane emissions from leaks in natural gas pipes are often a large source in urban areas, but they are difficult to measure on a city-wide scale. Here we use an array of innovative methane sensors distributed around the city of Indianapolis and a new method of combining their data with an atmospheric model to accurately determine the magnitude of these emissions, which are about 70 % larger than predicted. This method can serve as a framework for cities trying to account for their emissions.
Benjamin Sumlin, Edward Fortner, Andrew Lambe, Nishit J. Shetty, Conner Daube, Pai Liu, Francesca Majluf, Scott Herndon, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11843–11856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comparison of the changes to light absorption behavior and chemical composition of wildfire smoke particles from day- and nighttime oxidation processes and discuss the results within the context of previous laboratory findings.
Lawrence I. Kleinman, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Kouji Adachi, Peter R. Buseck, Sonya Collier, Manvendra K. Dubey, Anna L. Hodshire, Ernie Lewis, Timothy B. Onasch, Jeffery R. Pierce, John Shilling, Stephen R. Springston, Jian Wang, Qi Zhang, Shan Zhou, and Robert J. Yokelson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13319–13341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13319-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13319-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols from wildfires affect the Earth's temperature by absorbing light or reflecting it back into space. This study investigates time-dependent chemical, microphysical, and optical properties of aerosols generated by wildfires in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Wildfire smoke plumes were traversed by an instrumented aircraft at locations near the fire and up to 3.5 h travel time downwind. Although there was no net aerosol production, aerosol particles grew and became more efficient scatters.
Nicole Jacobs, William R. Simpson, Debra Wunch, Christopher W. O'Dell, Gregory B. Osterman, Frank Hase, Thomas Blumenstock, Qiansi Tu, Matthias Frey, Manvendra K. Dubey, Harrison A. Parker, Rigel Kivi, and Pauli Heikkinen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5033–5063, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5033-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5033-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The boreal forest is the largest seasonally varying biospheric CO2-exchange region on Earth. This region is also undergoing amplified climate warming, leading to concerns about the potential for altered regional carbon exchange. Satellite missions, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) project, can measure CO2 abundance over the boreal forest but need validation for the assurance of accuracy. Therefore, we carried out a ground-based validation of OCO-2 CO2 data at three locations.
Cited articles
Andrews, E., Sheridan, P., Ogren, J., Hageman, D., Jefferson, A., Wendell, J., Alástuey, A., Alados-Arboledas, L., Bergin, M., and Ealo, M., Gannet Hallar, A., Hoffer, A., Kalapov, I., Keywood, M., Kim, J., Kim, SW, Kolonjari, F., Labuschagne, C., Lin, NH, Macdonald, A., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., McCubbin, I. B., Pandolfi, M., Reisen, F., Sharma, S., Sherman, J. P., Sorribas, M., and Sun, J.: Overview of the NOAA/ESRL federated aerosol network, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 123–135, 2019.
Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., Rogers, C. F., Jin, T., and Bruch, R.:
Photoacoustic spectrometer for measuring light absorption by aerosol:
instrument description, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2845–2852, 1999.
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility: Photoacoustic
Soot Spectrometer (AOSPASS3W). 2015-06-27 to 2015-09-25, Southern Great
Plains (SGP) Central Facility, Lamont, OK (C1), compiled by: Aiken, A., ARM
Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1190011, 2009.
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility: ACSM, corrected
for composition-dependent collection efficiency (ACSMCDCE). 2015-06-27 to
2015-09-25, Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility, Lamont, OK (C1), compiled by: Zawadowicz, M. and Howie, J., ARM Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1763029, 2010.
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility: Particle Soot
Absorption Photometer (AOSPSAP3W). 2015-06-27 to 2017-09-25, Southern Great
Plains (SGP) Central Facility, Lamont, OK (C1), compiled by: Koontz, A. and
Springston, S., ARM Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1333829, 2011a.
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility: Nephelometer
(AOSNEPHDRY). 2015-06-27 to 2015-09-25, Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central
Facility, Lamont, OK (C1), compiled by: Koontz, A. and Uin, J. ARM Data
Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1258791, 2011b.
Biau, G.: Analysis of a random forests model, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 13, 1063–1095, 2012.
Bond, T. C., Anderson, T. L., and Campbell, D.: Calibration and
intercomparison of filter-based measurements of visible light absorption by
aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 30, 582–600, 1999.
Breiman, L.: Random forests, Mach. Learn., 45, 5–32, 2001.
Brown, H., Liu, X., Pokhrel, R., Murphy, S., Lu, Z., Saleh, R., Mielonen,
T., Kokkola, H., Bergman, T., and Myhre, G.: Biomass burning aerosols in
most climate models are too absorbing, Nat. Commun., 12, 1–15,
2021.
Cary, R.: Field Campaign Data: Semi-Continuous OCEC SGP 2013, ARM Data Discovery [data set], https://adc.arm.gov/discovery/#/results/id::6561_ocec_microchem_scocec_aerosol_blkcarbonconc?showDetails=true (last access: 27 July 2022), 2013.
Clarke, A. D.: Integrating sandwich: a new method of measurement of the
light absorption coefficient for atmospheric particles, Appl. Optics, 21,
3011–3020, 1982.
Collaud Coen, M., Weingartner, E., Apituley, A., Ceburnis, D., Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Flentje, H., Henzing, J. S., Jennings, S. G., Moerman, M., Petzold, A., Schmid, O., and Baltensperger, U.: Minimizing light absorption measurement artifacts of the Aethalometer: evaluation of five correction algorithms, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 457–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-457-2010, 2010.
Flowers, B. A., Dubey, M. K., Mazzoleni, C., Stone, E. A., Schauer, J. J., Kim, S.-W., and Yoon, S. C.: Optical-chemical-microphysical relationships and closure studies for mixed carbonaceous aerosols observed at Jeju Island; 3-laser photoacoustic spectrometer, particle sizing, and filter analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10387–10398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10387-2010, 2010.
Flynn, C., Koontz, A., Ermold, B., and Chand, D.: ARM Aerosol Optical Properties (AOP) and its Value-Added Product, DOE Office of Science Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, 2018, https://www.arm.gov/publications/tech_reports/doe-sc-arm-tr-211.pdf (last access: 22 July 2022), 2020.
Gorbunov, B., Hamilton, R., and Hitzenberger, R.: Modeling radiative
transfer by aerosol particles on a filter, Aerosol Sci. Tech.,
36, 123–135, 2002.
Kumar, V. and Sahu, M.: Evaluation of nine machine learning regression algorithms for calibration of low-cost PM2.5 sensor, J. Aerosol Sci., 157, 105809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105809, 2021.
Kumar, J.: joshinkumar/Filter-correction-ML-code: Correcting for filter-based aerosol light absorption biases at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement's Southern Great Plains site using photoacoustic data and machine learning (v1.0), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6835036, 2022.
Li, H., McMeeking, G. R., and May, A. A.: Development of a new correction algorithm applicable to any filter-based absorption photometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2865–2886, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2865-2020, 2020.
Liu, C., Chung, C. E., Yin, Y., and Schnaiter, M.: The absorption Ångström exponent of black carbon: from numerical aspects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6259–6273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6259-2018, 2018.
Liu, J., Alexander, L., Fast, J. D., Lindenmaier, R., and Shilling, J. E.: Aerosol characteristics at the Southern Great Plains site during the HI-SCALE campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5101–5116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5101-2021, 2021.
Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., and Gomis, M.: Climate change 2021: the physical science basis, Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, 2, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FrontMatter.pdf (last access: 3 August 2022), 2021.
Müller, T., Virkkula, A., and Ogren, J. A.: Constrained two-stream algorithm for calculating aerosol light absorption coefficient from the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4049–4070, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4049-2014, 2014.
Myers, D. C., Lawler, M. J., Mauldin, R. L., Sjostedt, S., Dubey, M.,
Abbatt, J., and Smith, J. N.: Indirect Measurements of the Composition of
Ultrafine Particles in the Arctic Late-Winter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD035428, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035428, 2021.
Nakayama, T., Kondo, Y., Moteki, N., Sahu, L., Kinase, T., Kita, K., and
Matsumi, Y.: Size-dependent correction factors for absorption measurements
using filter-based photometers: PSAP and COSMOS, J. Aerosol Sci.,
41, 333–343, 2010.
Ogren, J. A.: Comment on “Calibration and intercomparison of filter-based
measurements of visible light absorption by aerosols”, Aerosol Sci.
Tech., 44, 589–591, 2010.
Paik, T., Shetty, N., and Kumar, J.: Wood and Kerosene Burn Dataset, GitHub [data set], https://github.com/joshinkumar/Filter-correction-ML-code/blob/main/Lab%20Burn%20Dataset.zip, last access: 31 July 2022.
Pandey, A., Pervez, S., and Chakrabarty, R. K.: Filter-based measurements of
UV–vis mass absorption cross sections of organic carbon aerosol from
residential biomass combustion: Preliminary findings and sources of
uncertainty, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 182, 296–304, 2016.
Parworth, C., Fast, J., Mei, F., Shippert, T., Sivaraman, C., Tilp, A.,
Watson, T., and Zhang, Q.: Long-term measurements of submicrometer aerosol
chemistry at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) using an Aerosol Chemical
Speciation Monitor (ACSM), Atmos. Environ., 106, 43–55, 2015.
Sheridan, P., Delene, D., and Ogren, J.: Four years of continuous surface
aerosol measurements from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation
measurement Program Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed site,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 20735–20747, 2001.
Sherman, J. P., Sheridan, P. J., Ogren, J. A., Andrews, E., Hageman, D., Schmeisser, L., Jefferson, A., and Sharma, S.: A multi-year study of lower tropospheric aerosol variability and systematic relationships from four North American regions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12487–12517, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12487-2015, 2015.
Shetty, N., Beeler, P., Paik, T., Brechtel, F. J., and Chakrabarty, R. K.:
Bias in quantification of light absorption enhancement of black carbon
aerosol coated with low-volatility brown carbon, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 55, 539–551, 2021.
Shetty, N. J., Pandey, A., Baker, S., Hao, W. M., and Chakrabarty, R. K.: Measuring light absorption by freshly emitted organic aerosols: optical artifacts in traditional solvent-extraction-based methods, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8817–8830, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8817-2019, 2019.
Sisterson, D., Peppler, R., Cress, T., Lamb, P., and Turner, D.: The ARM
southern great plains (SGP) site, Meteor. Mon., 57, 6.1–6.14,
2016.
Springston, S.: Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) Instrument
Handbook, DOE ARM Climate Research Facility, Washington, DC, USA, https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1246162 (last access: 31 July 2022),
2018.
Stokes, G. M. and Schwartz, S. E.: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation test bed, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 1201–1222, 1994.
Subramanian, R., Roden, C. A., Boparai, P., and Bond, T. C.: Yellow beads
and missing particles: Trouble ahead for filter-based absorption
measurements, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 630–637, 2007.
Sumlin, B. J., Heinson, Y. W., Shetty, N., Pandey, A., Pattison, R. S.,
Baker, S., Hao, W. M., and Chakrabarty, R. K.: UV–Vis–IR spectral complex
refractive indices and optical properties of brown carbon aerosol from
biomass burning, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 206, 392–398, 2018.
Uin, J. and Smith, S.: Southern Great Plains (SGP) Aerosol Observing System
(AOS) Instrument Handbook, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge,
TN, USA, https://www.arm.gov/publications/tech_reports/handbooks/doe-sc-arm-tr-267.pdf (last access: 31 July 2022), 2020.
Virkkula, A.: Correction of the calibration of the 3-wavelength Particle
Soot Absorption Photometer (3λ PSAP), Aerosol Sci. Tech., 44, 706–712, 2010.
Virkkula, A., Ahlquist, N. C., Covert, D. S., Arnott, W. P., Sheridan, P.
J., Quinn, P. K., and Coffman, D. J.: Modification, calibration and a field
test of an instrument for measuring light absorption by particles, Aerosol
Sci. Tech., 39, 68–83, 2005.
Weingartner, E., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Streit, N., Bitnar, B., and
Baltensperger, U.: Absorption of light by soot particles: determination of
the absorption coefficient by means of aethalometers, J. Aerosol
Sci., 34, 1445–1463, 2003.
Zuidema, P., Sedlacek III, A. J., Flynn, C., Springston, S., Delgadillo, R.,
Zhang, J., Aiken, A. C., Koontz, A., and Muradyan, P.: The Ascension Island
boundary layer in the remote southeast Atlantic is often smoky, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 45, 4456–4465, 2018.
Short summary
Accurate long-term measurement of aerosol light absorption is vital for assessing direct aerosol radiative forcing. Light absorption by aerosols at the US Department of Energy long-term climate monitoring SGP site is measured using the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP), which suffers from artifacts and biases difficult to quantify. Machine learning offers a promising path forward to correct for biases in the long-term absorption dataset at the SGP site and similar Class-I areas.
Accurate long-term measurement of aerosol light absorption is vital for assessing direct aerosol...
