Articles | Volume 15, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6297-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6297-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Nov 2022
Research article |
| 02 Nov 2022
| 02 Nov 2022
On the development of a new prototype PTR-ToF-MS instrument and its application to the detection of atmospheric amines
Alexander Håland
Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene (CBA), University of
Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Tomáš Mikoviny
Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Elisabeth Emilie Syse
Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Armin Wisthaler
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene (CBA), University of
Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Related authors
No articles found.
Jason A. Miech, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Yonghoon Choi, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Francesca Gallo, Carolyn E. Jordan, Michael A. Shook, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, Sayantee Roy, Young Ro Lee, Katherine Ball, John D. Crounse, Paul Wennberg, Felix Piel, Stefan Swift, Wojciech Wojnowski, and Armin Wisthaler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2602, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2602, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning is a significant source of greenhouse gases and airborne pollutants in Asia. Airborne measurements of greenhouse gas enhancement ratios, trace gases, and particle scattering were used to identify air masses impacted by biomass burning over several Asian countries during March and April of 2024. Further analysis using atmospheric transport models and satellite hotspot products was performed to understand the transport history of biomass burning impacted airmasses over Thailand.
Joseph O. Palmo, Colette L. Heald, Donald R. Blake, Ilann Bourgeois, Matthew Coggon, Jeff Collett, Frank Flocke, Alan Fried, Georgios Gkatzelis, Samuel Hall, Lu Hu, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, I-Ting Ku, Benjamin Nault, Brett Palm, Jeff Peischl, Ilana Pollack, Amy Sullivan, Joel Thornton, Carsten Warneke, Armin Wisthaler, and Lu Xu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1969, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates ozone production within wildfire smoke plumes as they age, using both aircraft observations and models. We find that the chemical environment and resulting ozone production within smoke changes as plumes evolve, with implications for climate and public health.
Benjamin A. Nault, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Donald R. Blake, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Ronald C. Cohen, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Samuel R. Hall, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Kyung-Eun Min, Young Ro Lee, Isobel J. Simpson, Kirk Ullmann, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9573–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) is a pollutant formed from the reactions of gases emitted from various sources. In urban areas, the density of human activities can increase the O3 formation rate (P(O3)), thus impacting air quality and health. Observations collected over Seoul, South Korea, are used to constrain P(O3). A high local P(O3) was found; however, local P(O3) was partly reduced due to compounds typically ignored. These observations also provide constraints for unmeasured compounds that will impact P(O3).
Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Megan S. Claflin, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Lu Xu, Jessica B. Gilman, Julia Marcantonio, Cong Cao, Kelvin Bates, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Aaron Lamplugh, Erin F. Katz, Caleb Arata, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Felix Piel, Francesca Majluf, Donald R. Blake, Armin Wisthaler, Manjula Canagaratna, Brian M. Lerner, Allen H. Goldstein, John E. Mak, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 801–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mass spectrometry is a tool commonly used to measure air pollutants. This study evaluates measurement artifacts produced in the proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer. We provide methods to correct these biases and better measure compounds that degrade air quality.
Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Hannah Allen, Eric C. Apel, Megan M. Bela, Donald R. Blake, Ilann Bourgeois, Steven S. Brown, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jason M. St. Clair, James H. Crawford, John D. Crounse, Douglas A. Day, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Alan Fried, Jessica B. Gilman, Hongyu Guo, Johnathan W. Hair, Hannah S. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem Hannun, Alan Hills, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Joseph M. Katich, Aaron Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jin Liao, Jakob Lindaas, Stuart A. McKeen, Tomas Mikoviny, Benjamin A. Nault, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Demetrios Pagonis, Jeff Peischl, Anne E. Perring, Felix Piel, Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins, Thomas B. Ryerson, Melinda K. Schueneman, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Joshua P. Schwarz, Kanako Sekimoto, Vanessa Selimovic, Taylor Shingler, David J. Tanner, Laura Tomsche, Krystal T. Vasquez, Patrick R. Veres, Rebecca Washenfelder, Petter Weibring, Paul O. Wennberg, Armin Wisthaler, Glenn M. Wolfe, Caroline C. Womack, Lu Xu, Katherine Ball, Robert J. Yokelson, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 929–956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports emissions of gases and particles from wildfires. These emissions are related to chemical proxies that can be measured by satellite and incorporated into models to improve predictions of wildfire impacts on air quality and climate.
Karen E. Cady-Pereira, Xuehui Guo, Rui Wang, April B. Leytem, Chase Calkins, Elizabeth Berry, Kang Sun, Markus Müller, Armin Wisthaler, Vivienne H. Payne, Mark W. Shephard, Mark A. Zondlo, and Valentin Kantchev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 15–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-15-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-15-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia is a significant precursor of PM2.5 particles and thus contributes to poor air quality in many regions. Furthermore, ammonia concentrations are rising due to the increase of large-scale, intensive agricultural activities. Here we evaluate satellite measurements of ammonia against aircraft and surface network data, and show that there are differences in magnitude, but the satellite data are spatially and temporally well correlated with the in situ data.
Victor Lannuque, Barbara D'Anna, Evangelia Kostenidou, Florian Couvidat, Alvaro Martinez-Valiente, Philipp Eichler, Armin Wisthaler, Markus Müller, Brice Temime-Roussel, Richard Valorso, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15537–15560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15537-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15537-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large uncertainties remain in understanding secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from toluene oxidation. In this study, speciation measurements in gaseous and particulate phases were carried out, providing partitioning and volatility data on individual toluene SOA components at different temperatures. A new detailed oxidation mechanism was developed to improve modeled speciation, and effects of different processes involved in gas–particle partitioning at the molecular scale are explored.
Laura Tomsche, Felix Piel, Tomas Mikoviny, Claus J. Nielsen, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Melinda K. Schueneman, Jose L. Jimenez, Hannah Halliday, Glenn Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, John B. Nowak, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Emily Gargulinski, Amber J. Soja, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2331–2343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere and fires are among the poorly investigated sources. During the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) aircraft campaign, we measured gaseous NH3 and particulate ammonium (NH4+) in smoke plumes emitted from 6 wildfires in the Western US and 66 small agricultural fires in the Southeastern US. We herein present a comprehensive set of emission factors of NH3 and NHx, where NHx = NH3 + NH4+.
Amir H. Souri, Matthew S. Johnson, Glenn M. Wolfe, James H. Crawford, Alan Fried, Armin Wisthaler, William H. Brune, Donald R. Blake, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Sungyeon Choi, Lok Lamsal, Lei Zhu, Shuai Sun, Ronald C. Cohen, Kyung-Eun Min, Changmin Cho, Sajeev Philip, Xiong Liu, and Kelly Chance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1963–1986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have rigorously characterized different sources of error in satellite-based HCHO / NO2 tropospheric columns, a widely used metric for diagnosing near-surface ozone sensitivity. Specifically, the errors were categorized/quantified into (i) an inherent chemistry error, (ii) the decoupled relationship between columns and the near-surface concentration, (iii) the spatial representativeness error of ground satellite pixels, and (iv) the satellite retrieval errors.
Francesca Gallo, Kevin J. Sanchez, Bruce E. Anderson, Ryan Bennett, Matthew D. Brown, Ewan C. Crosbie, Chris Hostetler, Carolyn Jordan, Melissa Yang Martin, Claire E. Robinson, Lynn M. Russell, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, Armin Wisthaler, Luke D. Ziemba, and Richard H. Moore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1465–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We integrate in situ ship- and aircraft-based measurements of aerosol, trace gases, and meteorological parameters collected during the NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) field campaigns in the western North Atlantic Ocean region. A comprehensive characterization of the vertical profiles of aerosol properties under different seasonal regimes is provided for improving the understanding of aerosol key processes and aerosol–cloud interactions in marine regions.
Therese S. Carter, Colette L. Heald, Jesse H. Kroll, Eric C. Apel, Donald Blake, Matthew Coggon, Achim Edtbauer, Georgios Gkatzelis, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Jeff Peischl, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Felix Piel, Nina G. Reijrink, Akima Ringsdorf, Carsten Warneke, Jonathan Williams, Armin Wisthaler, and Lu Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12093–12111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires emit many gases which can contribute to smog and air pollution. However, the amount and properties of these chemicals are not well understood, so this work updates and expands their representation in a global atmospheric model, including by adding new chemicals. We confirm that this updated representation generally matches measurements taken in several fire regions. We then show that fires provide ~15 % of atmospheric reactivity globally and more than 75 % over fire source regions.
Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Heather L. Arkinson, Donald R. Blake, Armin Wisthaler, Tomas Mikoviny, Thomas B. Ryerson, Ilana Pollack, Jeff Peischl, Paul O. Wennberg, John D. Crounse, Jason M. St. Clair, Alex Teng, L. Gregory Huey, Xiaoxi Liu, Alan Fried, Petter Weibring, Dirk Richter, James Walega, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, T. Paul Bui, Glenn Diskin, James R. Podolske, Glen Sachse, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4253–4275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4253-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4253-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smoke plumes are chemically complex. This work combines airborne observations of smoke plume composition with a photochemical model to probe the production of ozone and the fate of reactive gases in the outflow of a large wildfire. Model–measurement comparisons illustrate how uncertain emissions and chemical processes propagate into simulated chemical evolution. Results provide insight into how this system responds to perturbations, which can help guide future observation and modeling efforts.
Dongwook Kim, Changmin Cho, Seokhan Jeong, Soojin Lee, Benjamin A. Nault, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Jason C. Schroder, Jose L. Jimenez, Rainer Volkamer, Donald R. Blake, Armin Wisthaler, Alan Fried, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sally E. Pusede, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, L. Gregory Huey, David J. Tanner, Jack Dibb, Christoph J. Knote, and Kyung-Eun Min
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 805–821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-805-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-805-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
CHOCHO was simulated using a 0-D box model constrained by measurements during the KORUS-AQ mission. CHOCHO concentration was high in large cities, aromatics being the most important precursors. Loss path to aerosol was the highest sink, contributing to ~ 20 % of secondary organic aerosol formation. Our work highlights that simple CHOCHO surface uptake approach is valid only for low aerosol conditions and more work is required to understand CHOCHO solubility in high-aerosol conditions.
Zachary C. J. Decker, Michael A. Robinson, Kelley C. Barsanti, Ilann Bourgeois, Matthew M. Coggon, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Frank M. Flocke, Alessandro Franchin, Carley D. Fredrickson, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Samuel R. Hall, Hannah Halliday, Christopher D. Holmes, L. Gregory Huey, Young Ro Lee, Jakob Lindaas, Ann M. Middlebrook, Denise D. Montzka, Richard Moore, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Brett B. Palm, Jeff Peischl, Felix Piel, Pamela S. Rickly, Andrew W. Rollins, Thomas B. Ryerson, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Kanako Sekimoto, Lee Thornhill, Joel A. Thornton, Geoffrey S. Tyndall, Kirk Ullmann, Paul Van Rooy, Patrick R. Veres, Carsten Warneke, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Elizabeth Wiggins, Edward Winstead, Armin Wisthaler, Caroline Womack, and Steven S. Brown
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16293–16317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16293-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16293-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand air quality impacts from wildfires, we need an accurate picture of how wildfire smoke changes chemically both day and night as sunlight changes the chemistry of smoke. We present a chemical analysis of wildfire smoke as it changes from midday through the night. We use aircraft observations from the FIREX-AQ field campaign with a chemical box model. We find that even under sunlight typical
nighttimechemistry thrives and controls the fate of key smoke plume chemical processes.
Duseong S. Jo, Alma Hodzic, Louisa K. Emmons, Simone Tilmes, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Michael J. Mills, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Weiwei Hu, Rahul A. Zaveri, Richard C. Easter, Balwinder Singh, Zheng Lu, Christiane Schulz, Johannes Schneider, John E. Shilling, Armin Wisthaler, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3395–3425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3395-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3395-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major component of submicron particulate matter, but there are a lot of uncertainties in the future prediction of SOA. We used CESM 2.1 to investigate future IEPOX SOA concentration changes. The explicit chemistry predicted substantial changes in IEPOX SOA depending on the future scenario, but the parameterization predicted weak changes due to simplified chemistry, which shows the importance of correct physicochemical dependencies in future SOA prediction.
Demetrios Pagonis, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hongyu Guo, Douglas A. Day, Melinda K. Schueneman, Wyatt L. Brown, Benjamin A. Nault, Harald Stark, Kyla Siemens, Alex Laskin, Felix Piel, Laura Tomsche, Armin Wisthaler, Matthew M. Coggon, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Hannah S. Halliday, Jordan E. Krechmer, Richard H. Moore, David S. Thomson, Carsten Warneke, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1545–1559, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1545-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1545-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the airborne deployment of an extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-MS). The instrument provides a quantitative 1 Hz measurement of the chemical composition of organic aerosol up to altitudes of
7 km, with single-compound detection limits as low as 50 ng per standard cubic meter.
Felix Piel, Markus Müller, Klaus Winkler, Jenny Skytte af Sätra, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1355–1363, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1355-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) instruments are widely used in the atmospheric community for measuring organic trace substances in the Earth's atmosphere. Some of these substances
stickonto and slowly come off surfaces in the PTR-MS analyzer, which makes it impossible to measure rapid changes in the atmosphere. Herein, we present a new type of PTR-MS instrument with a specially treated surface that mitigates this problem.
Cited articles
Almeida, J., Schobesberger, S., Kürten, A., Ortega, I. K.,
Kupiainen-Määttä, O., Praplan, A. P., Adamov, A., Amorim, A.,
Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M.,
Downard, A., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin,
A., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Henschel, H., Jokinen,
T., Junninen, H., Kajos, M., Kangasluoma, J., Keskinen, H., Kupc, A.,
Kurtén, T., Kvashin, A. N., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M.,
Leppä, J., Loukonen, V., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Mcgrath, M. J.,
Nieminen, T., Olenius, T., Onnela, A., Petäjä, T., Riccobono, F.,
Riipinen, I., Rissanen, M., Rondo, L., Ruuskanen, T., Santos, F. D.,
Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Schnitzhofer, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Simon, M.,
Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tomé, A., Tröstl, J.,
Tsagkogeorgas, G., Vaattovaara, P., Viisanen, Y., Virtanen, A., Vrtala, A.,
Wagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D., Ye, P.,
Yli-Juuti, T., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Curtius, J., Baltensperger, U.,
Worsnop, D. R., Vehkamäki, H., and Kirkby, J.: Molecular understanding of
sulphuric acid–amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere, Nature, 502, 359–363,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12663, 2013.
Barber, S., Blake, R. S., White, I. R., Monks, P. S., Reich, F., Mullock, S.,
and Ellis, A. M.: Increased Sensitivity in Proton Transfer Reaction Mass
Spectrometry by Incorporation of a Radio Frequency Ion Funnel, Anal. Chem., 84, 5387–5391,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac300894t, 2012.
Blake, R. S., Whyte, C., Hughes, C. O., Ellis, A. M., and Monks, P. S.:
Demonstration of Proton-Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
for Real-Time Analysis of Trace Volatile Organic Compounds, Anal. Chem.,
76, 3841–3845, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0498260, 2004.
Breitenlechner, M., Fischer, L., Hainer, M., Heinritzi, M., Curtius, J., and
Hansel, A.: PTR3: An Instrument for Studying the Lifecycle of Reactive
Organic Carbon in the Atmosphere, Anal. Chem., 89, 5824–5831,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05110, 2017.
de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C.: Measurements of volatile organic compounds in
the earth's atmosphere using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry,
Mass Spectrom. Rev., 26, 223–257, https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20119, 2007.
de Koeijer, G., Enge, Y., Sanden, K., Graff, O. F., Falk-Pedersen, O.,
Amundsen, T., and Overå, S.: CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad – Design,
functionality and emissions of the amine plant, Energy Proced., 4,
1207–1213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.175, 2011.
Fischer, L., Klinger, A., Herbig, J., Winkler, K., Gutmann, R., and Hansel,
A.: The LCU: Versatile Trace Gas Calibration, in 6th International
Conference on Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry and its
Applications, edited by: Hansel, A. and Dunkl, J., Innsbruck
University Press, Innsbruck, 192–195,
https://openpub.fmach.it/retrieve/handle/10449/23075/9394/ptrms_2013.pdf#page=193 (last access: 31 October 2022), 2013.
Ge, X., Wexler, A. S. and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines – Part I. A
review, Atmos. Environ., 45, 524–546, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.012,
2011.
Hansel, A., Jordan, A., Holzinger, R., Prazeller, P., Vogel, W., and
Lindinger, W.: Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry: on-line trace gas
analysis at the ppb level, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process., 149–150,
609–619, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(95)04294-U, 1995.
Hanson, D. R., Mcmurry, P. H., Jiang, J., Tanner, D., and Huey, L. G.:
Ambient Pressure Proton Transfer Mass Spectrometry: Detection of Amines and
Ammonia, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 8881–8888, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201819a, 2011.
Harrison, A. G. (Ed.): Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 2nd edn., Routledge,
New York, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315139128, 1992.
Hunt, D. F. and Ryan, J. F.: Argon-water mixtures as reagents for chemical
ionization mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 44, 1306–1309,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60315a024, 1972.
Jordan, A., Haidacher, S., Hanel, G., Hartungen, E., Herbig, J., Märk,
L., Schottkowsky, R., Seehauser, H., Sulzer, P., and Märk, T. D.: An
online ultra-high sensitivity Proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometer
combined with switchable reagent ion capability (PTR + SRI − MS), Int. J.
Mass Spectrom., 286, 32–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJMS.2009.06.006, 2009.
Krechmer, J., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Koss, A. R., Hutterli, M. A., Stoermer,
C., Deming, B. L., Kimmel, J. R., Warneke, C., Holzinger, R., Jayne, J. T.,
Worsnop, D. R., Fuhrer, K., Gonin, M., and De Gouw, J.: Evaluation of a New
Reagent-Ion Source and Focusing Ion-Molecule Reactor for Use in
Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 90,
12011–12018, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02641, 2018.
Languille, B., Drageset, A., Mikoviny, T., Zardin, E., Benquet, C.,
Ullestad, Ø., Aronson, M., Kleppe, E. R., and Wisthaler, A.: Best
practices for the measurement of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, piperazine and
their degradation products in amine plant emissions, Proceedings of the 15th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15–18 March 2021,
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3812339, 2021.
Lee, S.-H.: Perspective on the Recent Measurements of Reduced Nitrogen
Compounds in the Atmosphere, Front. Environ. Sci., 10, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.868534, 2022.
Lindinger, W., Hansel, A., and Jordan, A.: Mass Spectrometry Online
monitoring of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels by means of
Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) Medical applications,
food control and environmental research, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion
Process., 173, 191–241,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00281-4, 1998.
Müller, M., Piel, F., Gutmann, R., Sulzer, P., Hartungen, E., and
Wisthaler, A.: A novel method for producing NH4+ reagent ions in the
hollow cathode glow discharge ion source of PTR-MS instruments, Int. J. Mass
Spectrom., 447, 116254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2019.116254, 2020.
Nielsen, C. J., Herrmann, H., and Weller, C.: Atmospheric chemistry and
environmental impact of the use of amines in carbon capture and storage
(CCS), Chem. Soc. Rev. Chem. Soc. Rev, 41, 6684–6704,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35059a, 2012.
Ongwandee, M., Bettinger, S. S., and Morrison, G. C.: The influence of
ammonia and carbon dioxide on the sorption of a basic organic pollutant to a
mineral surface, Indoor Air, 15, 408–419,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00380.x, 2005.
Pfeifer, J., Simon, M., Heinritzi, M., Piel, F., Weitz, L., Wang, D., Granzin, M., Müller, T., Bräkling, S., Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., and Kürten, A.: Measurement of ammonia, amines and iodine compounds using protonated water cluster chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2501–2522, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2501-2020, 2020.
Prazeller, P., Palmer, P. T., Boscaini, E., Jobson, T., and Alexander, M.:
Proton transfer reaction ion trap mass spectrometer, Rapid Commun. Mass
Spectrom., 17, 1593–1599, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1088, 2003.
Pugliese, G., Piel, F., Trefz, P., Sulzer, P., Schubert, J. K., and Miekisch,
W.: Effects of modular ion-funnel technology onto analysis of breath VOCs by
means of real-time mass spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 412,
7131–7140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02846-8, 2020.
Roscioli, J. R., Zahniser, M. S., Nelson, D. D., Herndon, S. C., and Kolb, C.
E.: New Approaches to Measuring Sticky Molecules: Improvement of
Instrumental Response Times Using Active Passivation, J. Phys. Chem., 120, 1347–1357,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04395, 2015.
Schade, G. W. and Crutzen, P. J.: Emission of aliphatic amines from animal
husbandry and their reactions: Potential source of N2O and HCN, J. Atmos.
Chem., 22, 319–346, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00696641, 1995.
Sellegri, K., Umann, B., Hanke, M., and Arnold, F.: Deployment of a ground-based CIMS apparatus for the detection of organic gases in the boreal forest during the QUEST campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 357–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-357-2005, 2005.
Wang, Y., Yang, G., Lu, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, J., and Wang, L.: Detection of
gaseous dimethylamine using vocus proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight
mass spectrometry, Atmos. Environ., 243, 117875,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117875, 2020.
Yao, L., Wang, M.-Y., Wang, X.-K., Liu, Y.-J., Chen, H.-F., Zheng, J., Nie, W., Ding, A.-J., Geng, F.-H., Wang, D.-F., Chen, J.-M., Worsnop, D. R., and Wang, L.: Detection of atmospheric gaseous amines and amides by a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer with protonated ethanol reagent ions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14527–14543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14527-2016, 2016.
You, Y., Kanawade, V. P., de Gouw, J. A., Guenther, A. B., Madronich, S., Sierra-Hernández, M. R., Lawler, M., Smith, J. N., Takahama, S., Ruggeri, G., Koss, A., Olson, K., Baumann, K., Weber, R. J., Nenes, A., Guo, H., Edgerton, E. S., Porcelli, L., Brune, W. H., Goldstein, A. H., and Lee, S.-H.: Atmospheric amines and ammonia measured with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12181–12194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12181-2014, 2014.
Yu, H. and Lee, S.-H.: Chemical ionisation mass spectrometry for the
measurement of atmospheric amines, Environ. Chem., 9, 190,
https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12020, 2012.
Yuan, B., Koss, A. R., Warneke, C., Coggon, M., Sekimoto, K., and De Gouw, J.
A.: Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Atmospheric
Sciences, Chem. Rev., 117, 13187–13229, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00325,
2017.
Zheng, J., Ma, Y., Chen, M., Zhang, Q., Wang, L., Khalizov, A. F., Yao, L.,
Wang, Z., Wang, X., and Chen, L.: Measurement of atmospheric amines and
ammonia using the high resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass
spectrometry, Atmos. Environ., 102, 249–259,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.002, 2015.
Zhu, L., Mikoviny, T., Wisthaler, A., and Nielsen, C. J.: A Sampling Line
Artifact in Stack Emission Measurement of Alkanolamine-enabled Carbon
Capture Facility: Surface Reaction of Amines with Formaldehyde, Energy
Proc., 114, 1022–1025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1247,
2017.
Zhu, L., Mikoviny, T., Kolstad Morken, A., Tan, W., and Wisthaler, A.: A
compact and easy-to-use mass spectrometer for online monitoring of amines in
the flue gas of a post-combustion carbon capture plant, Int. J. Greenh. Gas
Control, 78, 349–353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.003, 2018.
Short summary
PTR-MS is widely used in atmospheric sciences for the detection of non-methane organic trace gases. The two most widely used types of PTR-MS instruments differ in their ion source and drift tube design. We herein present a new prototype PTR-MS instrument that hybridizes these designs and combines a conventional hollow cathode glow discharge ion source with a focusing ion–molecule reactor. We also show how this new instrument performs in detecting atmospheric amines.
PTR-MS is widely used in atmospheric sciences for the detection of non-methane organic trace...
