Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-955-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-955-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Feb 2023
Research article |
| 23 Feb 2023
| 23 Feb 2023
Quantitative chemical assay of nanogram-level particulate matter using aerosol mass spectrometry: characterization of particles collected from uncrewed atmospheric measurement platforms
Christopher R. Niedek
Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, 1
Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States
Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Program, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352,
United States
Maria A. Zawadowicz
Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
Zihua Zhu
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352,
United States
Beat Schmid
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352,
United States
Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, 1
Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States
Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Program, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States
Related authors
Fan Mei, Qi Zhang, Damao Zhang, Jerome D. Fast, Gourihar Kulkarni, Mikhail S. Pekour, Christopher R. Niedek, Susanne Glienke, Israel Silber, Beat Schmid, Jason M. Tomlinson, Hardeep S. Mehta, Xena Mansoura, Zezhen Cheng, Gregory W. Vandergrift, Nurun Nahar Lata, Swarup China, and Zihua Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3425–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3425-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3425-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the unique capability of the ArcticShark, an uncrewed aerial system, in measuring vertically resolved atmospheric properties. Data from 32 research flights in 2023 reveal seasonal patterns and correlations with conventional measurements. The consistency and complementarity of in situ and remote sensing methods are highlighted. The study demonstrates the ArcticShark’s versatility in bridging data gaps and improving the understanding of vertical atmospheric structures.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Laura Heinlein, Chrystal Guzman, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured concentrations of three photooxidants – the hydroxyl radical, triplet excited states of organic carbon, and singlet molecular oxygen – in fine particles collected over a year. Concentrations are highest in extracts of fresh biomass burning particles, largely because they have the highest particle concentrations and highest light absorption. When normalized by light absorption, rates of formation for each oxidant are generally similar for the four particle types we observed.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Chrystal Guzman, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8805–8821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Although photooxidants are important in airborne particles, little is known of their concentrations. By measuring oxidants in a series of particle dilutions, we predict their concentrations in aerosol liquid water (ALW). We find •OH concentrations in ALW are on the order of 10−15 M, similar to their cloud/fog values, while oxidizing triplet excited states and singlet molecular oxygen have ALW values of ca. 10−13 M and 10−12 M, respectively, roughly 10–100 times higher than in cloud/fog drops.
Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Cort Anastasio, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7103–7120, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) form and evolve from a phenolic carbonyl commonly present in biomass burning smoke. The composition and optical properties of the aqSOA are significantly affected by photochemical reactions and are dependent on the oxidants' concentration and identity in water. During photoaging, the aqSOA initially becomes darker, but prolonged aging leads to the formation of volatile products, resulting in significant mass loss and photobleaching.
Jose A. Perez Chavez, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Christopher Boxe, and Joseph Wilkins
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3616, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3616, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we leverage the power of machine learning to develop classifiers using a comprehensive dataset of SPMS spectra. These classifiers enable automatic differentiation of aerosol particles based on their chemistry and size, facilitating more accurate and efficient aerosol classification. Our results show increased accuracy when including unlabeled data in a semi-supervised framework.
Tamanna Subba, Michael P. Jensen, Min Deng, Scott E. Giangrande, Mark C. Harvey, Ashish Singh, Die Wang, Maria Zawadowicz, and Chongai Kuang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2659, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2659, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights how sea breeze circulations influence aerosol concentrations and radiative effects in Southern Texas region. Using TRacking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment field campaign observations and model simulations, we show that sea breeze–aerosol interactions significantly impact cloud-relevant aerosols and regional air quality. These findings improve understanding of mesoscale controls on aerosols in complex coastal urban environments.
Haley M. Royer, Michael T. Sheridan, Hope E. Elliott, Edmund Blades, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Zihua Zhu, Andrew P. Ault, and Cassandra J. Gaston
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5743–5759, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5743-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5743-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Saharan dust transported across the Atlantic to the Caribbean, South America, and North America is hypothesized to undergo chemical processing by acids that enhances cloud droplet formation and nutrient availability. In this study, chemical analysis performed on African dust deposited over Barbados shows that acid tracers are found mostly on sea salt and smoke particles, rather than dust, indicating that dust particles undergo minimal chemical processing.
Jing Li, Jiaoshi Zhang, Xianda Gong, Steven Spielman, Chongai Kuang, Ashish Singh, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Lu Xu, and Jian Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-726, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-726, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using measurements at a rural coastal site, we quantified aerosols in representative air masses and identified major source of organics in Houston area. Our results show cooking aerosol is likely overestimated by earlier studies. Additionally, diurnal variation of highly oxidized organics is mostly driven by air mass changes instead of photochemistry. This study highlights the impacts of emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and meteorology on aerosol properties in the coastal-rural environment.
Fan Mei, Qi Zhang, Damao Zhang, Jerome D. Fast, Gourihar Kulkarni, Mikhail S. Pekour, Christopher R. Niedek, Susanne Glienke, Israel Silber, Beat Schmid, Jason M. Tomlinson, Hardeep S. Mehta, Xena Mansoura, Zezhen Cheng, Gregory W. Vandergrift, Nurun Nahar Lata, Swarup China, and Zihua Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3425–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3425-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3425-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the unique capability of the ArcticShark, an uncrewed aerial system, in measuring vertically resolved atmospheric properties. Data from 32 research flights in 2023 reveal seasonal patterns and correlations with conventional measurements. The consistency and complementarity of in situ and remote sensing methods are highlighted. The study demonstrates the ArcticShark’s versatility in bridging data gaps and improving the understanding of vertical atmospheric structures.
Amie Dobracki, Ernie R. Lewis, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Tyler Tatro, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Paquita Zuidema
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2333–2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2333-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2333-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning aerosol is commonly present in the marine boundary layer over the southeast Atlantic Ocean between June and October. Our research indicates that burning conditions, aerosol transport pathways, and prolonged oxidation processes (heterogeneous and aqueous phases) determine the chemical, microphysical, and optical properties of the boundary layer aerosol. Notably, we find that the aerosol optical properties can be estimated from the chemical properties alone.
Paul J. DeMott, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Sarah Suda Petters, Daniel J. Cziczo, Markus D. Petters, Heinz G. Bingemer, Thomas C. J. Hill, Karl Froyd, Sarvesh Garimella, A. Gannet Hallar, Ezra J. T. Levin, Ian B. McCubbin, Anne E. Perring, Christopher N. Rapp, Thea Schiebel, Jann Schrod, Kaitlyn J. Suski, Daniel Weber, Martin J. Wolf, Maria Zawadowicz, Jake Zenker, Ottmar Möhler, and Sarah D. Brooks
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 639–672, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-639-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-639-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Fifth International Ice Nucleation Workshop Phase 3 (FIN-03) compared the ambient atmospheric performance of ice-nucleating particle (INP) measuring systems and explored general methods for discerning atmospheric INP compositions. Mirroring laboratory results, INP concentrations agreed within 5–10 factors. Measurements of total aerosol properties and investigations of INP compositions supported a dominant role of soil and plant organic aerosol elements as INPs during the study.
Jerome D. Fast, Adam C. Varble, Fan Mei, Mikhail Pekour, Jason Tomlinson, Alla Zelenyuk, Art J. Sedlacek III, Maria Zawadowicz, and Louisa Emmons
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13477–13502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol property measurements recently collected on the ground and by a research aircraft in central Argentina during the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) campaign exhibit large spatial and temporal variability. These measurements coupled with coincident meteorological information provide a valuable data set needed to evaluate and improve model predictions of aerosols in a traditionally data-sparse region of South America.
Fan Mei, Jennifer M. Comstock, Mikhail S. Pekour, Jerome D. Fast, Krista L. Gaustad, Beat Schmid, Shuaiqi Tang, Damao Zhang, John E. Shilling, Jason M. Tomlinson, Adam C. Varble, Jian Wang, L. Ruby Leung, Lawrence Kleinman, Scot Martin, Sebastien C. Biraud, Brian D. Ermold, and Kenneth W. Burk
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5429–5448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5429-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5429-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores a comprehensive dataset from airborne field studies (2013–2018) conducted using the US Department of Energy's Gulfstream 1 (G-1). The 236 flights span diverse regions, including the Arctic, US Southern Great Plains, US West Coast, eastern North Atlantic, Amazon Basin in Brazil, and Sierras de Córdoba range in Argentina. This dataset provides unique insights into atmospheric dynamics, aerosols, and clouds and makes data available in a more accessible format.
Xiaoli Shen, David M. Bell, Hugh Coe, Naruki Hiranuma, Fabian Mahrt, Nicholas A. Marsden, Claudia Mohr, Daniel M. Murphy, Harald Saathoff, Johannes Schneider, Jacqueline Wilson, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Alla Zelenyuk, Paul J. DeMott, Ottmar Möhler, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10869–10891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) is commonly used to measure the chemical composition and mixing state of aerosol particles. Intercomparison of SPMS instruments was conducted. All instruments reported similar size ranges and common spectral features. The instrument-specific detection efficiency was found to be more dependent on particle size than type. All differentiated secondary organic aerosol, soot, and soil dust but had difficulties differentiating among minerals and dusts.
Jianzhong Xu, Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun, Yanmei Liu, Conghui Xie, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Xinlei Ge, Qi Zhang, and Shichang Kang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1875–1900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive aerosol observation project was carried out in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings in recent years to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences by performing multiple intensive field observations. The release of this dataset can provide basic and systematic data for related research in the atmospheric, cryospheric, and environmental sciences in this unique region.
Ryan N. Farley, James E. Lee, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Alex K. Y. Lee, Rachael Dal Porto, Christopher D. Cappa, Kyle Gorkowski, Abu Sayeed Md Shawon, Katherine B. Benedict, Allison C. Aiken, Manvendra K. Dubey, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The black carbon aerosol composition and mixing state were characterized using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Single-particle measurements revealed the major role of atmospheric processing in modulating the black carbon mixing state. A significant fraction of soot particles were internally mixed with oxidized organic aerosol and sulfate, with implications for activation as cloud nuclei.
Jian Zhao, Valter Mickwitz, Yuanyuan Luo, Ella Häkkinen, Frans Graeffe, Jiangyi Zhang, Hilkka Timonen, Manjula Canagaratna, Jordan E. Krechmer, Qi Zhang, Markku Kulmala, Juha Kangasluoma, Douglas Worsnop, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1527–1543, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1527-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1527-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol constitutes a significant portion of atmospheric fine particles but is less characterized due to its vast number of constituents. Recently, we developed a system for online measurements of particle-phase highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs). In this work, we systematically characterized the system, developed a new unit to enhance its performance, and demonstrated the essential role of thermograms in inferring volatility and quantifying HOMs in organic aerosols.
Xinlei Ge, Yele Sun, Justin Trousdell, Mindong Chen, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 423–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-423-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to enhance the application of the Aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) in characterizing organic nitrogen (ON) species within aerosol particles and droplets. A thorough analysis was conducted on 75 ON standards that represent a diverse spectrum of ambient ON types. The results underscore the capacity of the HR-AMS in examining the concentration and chemistry of atmospheric ON compounds, thereby offering insights into their sources and environmental impacts.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Laura Heinlein, Chrystal Guzman, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured concentrations of three photooxidants – the hydroxyl radical, triplet excited states of organic carbon, and singlet molecular oxygen – in fine particles collected over a year. Concentrations are highest in extracts of fresh biomass burning particles, largely because they have the highest particle concentrations and highest light absorption. When normalized by light absorption, rates of formation for each oxidant are generally similar for the four particle types we observed.
Yang Wang, Chanakya Bagya Ramesh, Scott E. Giangrande, Jerome Fast, Xianda Gong, Jiaoshi Zhang, Ahmet Tolga Odabasi, Marcus Vinicius Batista Oliveira, Alyssa Matthews, Fan Mei, John E. Shilling, Jason Tomlinson, Die Wang, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15671–15691, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report the vertical profiles of aerosol properties over the Southern Great Plains (SGP), a region influenced by shallow convective clouds, land–atmosphere interactions, boundary layer turbulence, and the aerosol life cycle. We examined the processes that drive the aerosol population and distribution in the lower troposphere over the SGP. This study helps improve our understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions and the model representation of aerosol processes.
Ryan N. Farley, Sonya Collier, Christopher D. Cappa, Leah R. Williams, Timothy B. Onasch, Lynn M. Russell, Hwajin Kim, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15039–15056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles, also known as black carbon (BC), have important implications for global climate and regional air quality. After the particles are emitted, BC can be coated with other material, impacting the aerosol properties. We selectively measured the composition of particles containing BC to explore their sources and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. We focus on a persistent, multiday fog event in order to study the effects of chemical reactions occurring within liquid droplets.
Damao Zhang, Andrew M. Vogelmann, Fan Yang, Edward Luke, Pavlos Kollias, Zhien Wang, Peng Wu, William I. Gustafson Jr., Fan Mei, Susanne Glienke, Jason Tomlinson, and Neel Desai
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5827–5846, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5827-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5827-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud droplet number concentration can be retrieved from remote sensing measurements. Aircraft measurements are used to validate four ground-based retrievals of cloud droplet number concentration. We demonstrate that retrieved cloud droplet number concentrations align well with aircraft measurements for overcast clouds, but they may substantially differ for broken clouds. The ensemble of various retrievals can help quantify retrieval uncertainties and identify reliable retrieval scenarios.
Shuaiqi Tang, Adam C. Varble, Jerome D. Fast, Kai Zhang, Peng Wu, Xiquan Dong, Fan Mei, Mikhail Pekour, Joseph C. Hardin, and Po-Lun Ma
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6355–6376, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6355-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6355-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the ability of Earth system model (ESM) predictions, we developed a tool called ESMAC Diags to understand how aerosols, clouds, and aerosol–cloud interactions are represented in ESMs. This paper describes its version 2 functionality. We compared the model predictions with measurements taken by planes, ships, satellites, and ground instruments over four regions across the world. Results show that this new tool can help identify model problems and guide future development of ESMs.
Weixing Hao, Fan Mei, Susanne Hering, Steven Spielman, Beat Schmid, Jason Tomlinson, and Yang Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3973–3986, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Airborne aerosol instrumentation plays a crucial role in understanding the spatial distribution of ambient aerosol particles. This study investigates a versatile water-based condensation particle counter through simulations and experiments. It provides valuable insights to improve versatile water-based condensation particle counter (vWCPC) aerosol measurement and operation for the community.
Lan Ma, Reed Worland, Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Chrystal Guzman, Keith J. Bein, Qi Zhang, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8805–8821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Although photooxidants are important in airborne particles, little is known of their concentrations. By measuring oxidants in a series of particle dilutions, we predict their concentrations in aerosol liquid water (ALW). We find •OH concentrations in ALW are on the order of 10−15 M, similar to their cloud/fog values, while oxidizing triplet excited states and singlet molecular oxygen have ALW values of ca. 10−13 M and 10−12 M, respectively, roughly 10–100 times higher than in cloud/fog drops.
Wenqing Jiang, Christopher Niedek, Cort Anastasio, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7103–7120, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) form and evolve from a phenolic carbonyl commonly present in biomass burning smoke. The composition and optical properties of the aqSOA are significantly affected by photochemical reactions and are dependent on the oxidants' concentration and identity in water. During photoaging, the aqSOA initially becomes darker, but prolonged aging leads to the formation of volatile products, resulting in significant mass loss and photobleaching.
Francesca Gallo, Janek Uin, Kevin J. Sanchez, Richard H. Moore, Jian Wang, Robert Wood, Fan Mei, Connor Flynn, Stephen Springston, Eduardo B. Azevedo, Chongai Kuang, and Allison C. Aiken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4221–4246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a summary statistic of multiday aerosol plume transport event influences on aerosol physical properties and the cloud condensation nuclei budget at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Facility in the eastern North Atlantic (ENA). An algorithm that integrates aerosol properties is developed and applied to identify multiday aerosol transport events. The influence of the aerosol plumes on aerosol populations at the ENA is successively assessed.
Nathaniel W. May, Noah Bernays, Ryan Farley, Qi Zhang, and Daniel A. Jaffe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2747–2764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2747-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2747-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2019 at Mt. Bachelor Observatory, we observed smoke from wildfires with transport times ranging from less than a day up to 2 weeks. Aerosol absorption of multi-day transported smoke was dominated by black carbon, while smoke with shorter transport times had greater brown carbon absorption. Notably, Siberian smoke exhibited aerosol scattering and physical properties indicative of contributions from larger particles than typically observed in smoke.
Fabian Mahrt, Carolin Rösch, Kunfeng Gao, Christopher H. Dreimol, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1285–1308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Major aerosol types emitted by biomass burning include soot, ash, and charcoal particles. Here, we investigated the ice nucleation activity of 400 nm size-selected particles of two different pyrolyis-derived charcoal types in the mixed phase and cirrus cloud regime. We find that ice nucleation is constrained to cirrus cloud conditions, takes place via pore condensation and freezing, and is largely governed by the particle porosity and mineral content.
Paul A. Barrett, Steven J. Abel, Hugh Coe, Ian Crawford, Amie Dobracki, James Haywood, Steve Howell, Anthony Jones, Justin Langridge, Greg M. McFarquhar, Graeme J. Nott, Hannah Price, Jens Redemann, Yohei Shinozuka, Kate Szpek, Jonathan W. Taylor, Robert Wood, Huihui Wu, Paquita Zuidema, Stéphane Bauguitte, Ryan Bennett, Keith Bower, Hong Chen, Sabrina Cochrane, Michael Cotterell, Nicholas Davies, David Delene, Connor Flynn, Andrew Freedman, Steffen Freitag, Siddhant Gupta, David Noone, Timothy B. Onasch, James Podolske, Michael R. Poellot, Sebastian Schmidt, Stephen Springston, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Jamie Trembath, Alan Vance, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Jianhao Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6329–6371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6329-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6329-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand weather and climate, it is vital to go into the field and collect observations. Often measurements take place in isolation, but here we compared data from two aircraft and one ground-based site. This was done in order to understand how well measurements made on one platform compared to those made on another. Whilst this is easy to do in a controlled laboratory setting, it is more challenging in the real world, and so these comparisons are as valuable as they are rare.
Jerome D. Fast, David M. Bell, Gourihar Kulkarni, Jiumeng Liu, Fan Mei, Georges Saliba, John E. Shilling, Kaitlyn Suski, Jason Tomlinson, Jian Wang, Rahul Zaveri, and Alla Zelenyuk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11217–11238, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11217-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11217-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent aircraft measurements from the HI-SCALE campaign conducted over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in Oklahoma are used to quantify spatial variability of aerosol properties in terms of grid spacings typically used by weather and climate models. Surprisingly large horizontal gradients in aerosol properties were frequently observed in this rural area. This spatial variability can be used as an uncertainty range when comparing surface point measurements with model predictions.
Fan Mei, Mikhail S. Pekour, Darielle Dexheimer, Gijs de Boer, RaeAnn Cook, Jason Tomlinson, Beat Schmid, Lexie A. Goldberger, Rob Newsom, and Jerome D. Fast
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3423–3438, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3423-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3423-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work focuses on an expanding number of data sets observed using ARM TBS (133 flights) and UAS (seven flights) platforms by the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility. These data streams provide new perspectives on spatial variability of atmospheric and surface parameters, helping to address critical science questions in Earth system science research, such as the aerosol–cloud interaction in the boundary layer.
Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun, Yanmei Liu, Conghui Xie, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Xinlei Ge, Qi Zhang, Shichang Kang, and Jianzhong Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-211, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive aerosol observation project was carried out in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in recent years to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences by performing multiple short-term intensive field observations. The real-time online high-time-resolution (hourly) data of aerosol properties in the different TP region are integrated in a new dataset and can provide supporting for related studies in in the TP.
Shuaiqi Tang, Jerome D. Fast, Kai Zhang, Joseph C. Hardin, Adam C. Varble, John E. Shilling, Fan Mei, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Po-Lun Ma
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4055–4076, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4055-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4055-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an Earth system model (ESM) diagnostics package to compare various types of aerosol properties simulated in ESMs with aircraft, ship, and surface measurements from six field campaigns across spatial scales. The diagnostics package is coded and organized to be flexible and modular for future extension to other field campaign datasets and adapted to higher-resolution model simulations. Future releases will include comprehensive cloud and aerosol–cloud interaction diagnostics.
Ka Ming Fung, Colette L. Heald, Jesse H. Kroll, Siyuan Wang, Duseong S. Jo, Andrew Gettelman, Zheng Lu, Xiaohong Liu, Rahul A. Zaveri, Eric C. Apel, Donald R. Blake, Jose-Luis Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Patrick R. Veres, Timothy S. Bates, John E. Shilling, and Maria Zawadowicz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1549–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1549-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1549-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the natural aerosol burden in the preindustrial era is crucial for us to assess how atmospheric aerosols affect the Earth's radiative budgets. Our study explores how a detailed description of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation (implemented in the Community Atmospheric Model version 6 with chemistry, CAM6-chem) could help us better estimate the present-day and preindustrial concentrations of sulfate and other relevant chemicals, as well as the resulting aerosol radiative impacts.
Fan Mei, Steven Spielman, Susanne Hering, Jian Wang, Mikhail S. Pekour, Gregory Lewis, Beat Schmid, Jason Tomlinson, and Maynard Havlicek
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7329–7340, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7329-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7329-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on understanding a versatile water-based condensation particle counter (vWCPC 3789) performance under various ambient pressure conditions (500–1000 hPa). A vWCPC has the advantage of avoiding health and safety concerns. However, its performance characterization under low pressure is rare but crucial for ensuring successful airborne deployment. This paper provides advanced knowledge of operating a vWCPC 3789 to capture the spatial variations of atmospheric aerosols.
Fan Mei, Jian Wang, Shan Zhou, Qi Zhang, Sonya Collier, and Jianzhong Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13019–13029, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13019-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13019-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work focuses on understanding aerosol's ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and its variations with organic oxidation level and volatility using measurements at a rural site. Aerosol properties were examined from four air mass sources. The results help improve the accurate representation of aerosol from different ambient aerosol emissions, transformation pathways, and atmospheric processes in a climate model.
Yang Wang, Guangjie Zheng, Michael P. Jensen, Daniel A. Knopf, Alexander Laskin, Alyssa A. Matthews, David Mechem, Fan Mei, Ryan Moffet, Arthur J. Sedlacek, John E. Shilling, Stephen Springston, Amy Sullivan, Jason Tomlinson, Daniel Veghte, Rodney Weber, Robert Wood, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11079–11098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic, a region of persistent but diverse subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. We examined the key processes that drive the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) population and how it varies with season and synoptic conditions. This study helps improve the model representation of the aerosol processes in the remote MBL, reducing the simulated aerosol indirect effects.
Maria A. Zawadowicz, Kaitlyn Suski, Jiumeng Liu, Mikhail Pekour, Jerome Fast, Fan Mei, Arthur J. Sedlacek, Stephen Springston, Yang Wang, Rahul A. Zaveri, Robert Wood, Jian Wang, and John E. Shilling
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7983–8002, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7983-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7983-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the results of a recent field campaign in the eastern North Atlantic, where two mass spectrometers were deployed aboard a research aircraft to measure the chemistry of aerosols and trace gases. Very clean conditions were found, dominated by local sulfate-rich acidic aerosol and very aged organics. Evidence of
long-range transport of aerosols from the continents was also identified.
Jessie M. Creamean, Gijs de Boer, Hagen Telg, Fan Mei, Darielle Dexheimer, Matthew D. Shupe, Amy Solomon, and Allison McComiskey
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1737–1757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1737-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1737-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic clouds play a role in modulating sea ice extent. Importantly, aerosols facilitate cloud formation, and thus it is crucial to understand the interactions between aerosols and clouds. Vertical measurements of aerosols and clouds are needed to tackle this issue. We present results from balloon-borne measurements of aerosols and clouds over the course of 2 years in northern Alaska. These data shed light onto the vertical distributions of aerosols relative to clouds spanning multiple seasons.
Junfeng Wang, Jianhuai Ye, Dantong Liu, Yangzhou Wu, Jian Zhao, Weiqi Xu, Conghui Xie, Fuzhen Shen, Jie Zhang, Paul E. Ohno, Yiming Qin, Xiuyong Zhao, Scot T. Martin, Alex K. Y. Lee, Pingqing Fu, Daniel J. Jacob, Qi Zhang, Yele Sun, Mindong Chen, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14091–14102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14091-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14091-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the organics in total submicron matter and those coated on BC cores during summertime in Beijing and found large differences between them. Traffic-related OA was associated significantly with BC, while cooking-related OA did not coat BC. In addition, a factor likely originated from primary biomass burning OA was only identified in BC-containing particles. Such a unique BBOA requires further field and laboratory studies to verify its presence and elucidate its properties and impacts.
Lawrence I. Kleinman, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Kouji Adachi, Peter R. Buseck, Sonya Collier, Manvendra K. Dubey, Anna L. Hodshire, Ernie Lewis, Timothy B. Onasch, Jeffery R. Pierce, John Shilling, Stephen R. Springston, Jian Wang, Qi Zhang, Shan Zhou, and Robert J. Yokelson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13319–13341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13319-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13319-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols from wildfires affect the Earth's temperature by absorbing light or reflecting it back into space. This study investigates time-dependent chemical, microphysical, and optical properties of aerosols generated by wildfires in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Wildfire smoke plumes were traversed by an instrumented aircraft at locations near the fire and up to 3.5 h travel time downwind. Although there was no net aerosol production, aerosol particles grew and became more efficient scatters.
Hwajin Kim, Qi Zhang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11527–11550, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Severe spring haze and influences of long-range transport in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) in March 2019 were investigated. Simultaneous downwind (SMA) and upwind (Beijing) measurements using AMS and ACSM over the same period showed that PM species can be transported in approximately 2 d. Nitrate was the most responsible, and sulfate and two regional-transport-influenced SOAs also contributed. Enhancement of Pb also showed that the haze in the SMA was influenced by the regional transport.
Cited articles
Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Huffman, J. A.,
Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Mohr, C., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Sun,
Y., Zhang, Q., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Ziemann, P. J., Canagaratna, M.
R., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Prevot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Duplissy,
J., Metzger, A., Baltensperger, U., and Jimenez, J. L.: O
Akagi, S. K., Craven, J. S., Taylor, J. W., McMeeking, G. R., Yokelson, R. J., Burling, I. R., Urbanski, S. P., Wold, C. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Coe, H., Alvarado, M. J., and Weise, D. R.: Evolution of trace gases and particles emitted by a chaparral fire in California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1397–1421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1397-2012, 2012.
Al-Kindi, S. G., Brook, R. D., Biswal, S., and Rajagopalan, S.: Environmental
determinants of cardiovascular disease: lessons learned from air pollution,
Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 17, 656–672, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0371-2, 2020.
Allan, J. D., Delia, A. E., Coe, H., Bower, K. N., Alfarra, M. R., Jimenez,
J. L., Middlebrook, A. M., Drewnick, F., Onasch, T. B., Canagaratna, M. R.,
Jayne, J. T., and Worsnop, D. R.: A generalised method for the extraction of
chemically resolved mass spectra from Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer
data, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 909–922, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.02.007,
2004.
Aurell, J., Gullett, B., Holder, A., Kiros, F., Mitchell, W., Watts, A., and
Ottmar, R.: Wildland fire emission sampling at Fishlake National Forest,
Utah using an unmanned aircraft system, Atmos. Environ., 247, 118193,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118193, 2021.
Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Johnson, J. E., Corless, A., Brechtel, F. J., Stalin, S. E., Meinig, C., and Burkhart, J. F.: Measurements of atmospheric aerosol vertical distributions above Svalbard, Norway, using unmanned aerial systems (UAS), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2115–2120, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2115-2013, 2013.
Bozzetti, C., Sosedova, Y., Xiao, M., Daellenbach, K. R., Ulevicius, V., Dudoitis, V., Mordas, G., Byčenkienė, S., Plauškaitė, K., Vlachou, A., Golly, B., Chazeau, B., Besombes, J.-L., Baltensperger, U., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Slowik, J. G., El Haddad, I., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Argon offline-AMS source apportionment of organic aerosol over yearly cycles for an urban, rural, and marine site in northern Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 117–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-117-2017, 2017.
Brady, J. M., Stokes, M. D., Bonnardel, J., and Bertram, T. H.:
Characterization of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aircraft System for
Aerosol-Particle-Concentration Measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50,
1376–1383, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05320, 2016.
Calvo, A. I., Alves, C., Castro, A., Pont, V., Vicente, A. M., and Fraile,
R.: Research on aerosol sources and chemical composition: Past, current and
emerging issues, Atmos. Res., 120–121, 1–28,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.021, 2013.
Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Jimenez, J. L., Allan, J. D., Alfarra, M.
R., Zhang, Q., Onasch, T. B., Drewnick, F., Coe, H., Middlebrook, A., Delia,
A., Williams, L. R., Trimborn, A. M., Northway, M. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Kolb,
C. E., Davidovits, P., and Worsnop, D. R.: Chemical and microphysical
characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass
spectrometer, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 26, 185–222, https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20115,
2007.
Contini, D., Lin, Y.-H., Hänninen, O., and Viana, M.: Contribution of
Aerosol Sources to Health Impacts, Atmosphere, 12, 730,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060730, 2021.
Corrigan, C. E., Roberts, G. C., Ramana, M. V., Kim, D., and Ramanathan, V.: Capturing vertical profiles of aerosols and black carbon over the Indian Ocean using autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 737–747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-737-2008, 2008.
Creamean, J. M., Maahn, M., de Boer, G., McComiskey, A., Sedlacek, A. J., and Feng, Y.: The influence of local oil exploration and regional wildfires on summer 2015 aerosol over the North Slope of Alaska, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 555–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-555-2018, 2018.
Daellenbach, K. R., Bozzetti, C., Křepelová, A., Canonaco, F., Wolf, R., Zotter, P., Fermo, P., Crippa, M., Slowik, J. G., Sosedova, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, R.-J., Poulain, L., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., El Haddad, I., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Characterization and source apportionment of organic aerosol using offline aerosol mass spectrometry, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 23–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-23-2016, 2016.
de Boer, G., Ivey, M., Schmid, B., Lawrence, D., Dexheimer, D., Mei, F.,
Hubbe, J., Bendure, A., Hardesty, J., Shupe, M. D., McComiskey, A., Telg,
H., Schmitt, C., Matrosov, S. Y., Brooks, I., Creamean, J., Solomon, A.,
Turner, D. D., Williams, C., Maahn, M., Argrow, B., Palo, S., Long, C. N.,
Gao, R.-S., and Mather, J.: A Bird's-Eye View: Development of an Operational
ARM Unmanned Aerial Capability for Atmospheric Research in Arctic Alaska,
B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 1197–1212, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0156.1,
2018.
DeCarlo, P. F., Slowik, J. G., Worsnop, D. R., Davidovits, P., and Jimenez,
J. L.: Particle Morphology and Density Characterization by Combined Mobility
and Aerodynamic Diameter Measurements. Part 1: Theory, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 38, 1185–1205, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290903907, 2004.
DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T.,
Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop,
D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight
aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281–8289,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061249n, 2006.
D'Evelyn, S. M., Vogel, C., Bein, K. J., Lara, B., Laing, E. A., Abarca, R.
A., Zhang, Q., Li, L., Li, J., Nguyen, T. B., and Pinkerton, K. E.:
Differential inflammatory potential of particulate matter (PM) size
fractions from Imperial Valley, CA, Atmos. Environ., 244, 117992,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117992, 2021.
Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M.
E., Ferris, B. G., and Speizer, F. E.: An Association between Air Pollution
and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities, N. Engl. J. Med., 329, 1753–1759,
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199312093292401, 1993.
Fountoukis, C., Megaritis, A. G., Skyllakou, K., Charalampidis, P. E., Pilinis, C., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Crippa, M., Canonaco, F., Mohr, C., Prévôt, A. S. H., Allan, J. D., Poulain, L., Petäjä, T., Tiitta, P., Carbone, S., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Nemitz, E., O'Dowd, C., Swietlicki, E., and Pandis, S. N.: Organic aerosol concentration and composition over Europe: insights from comparison of regional model predictions with aerosol mass spectrometer factor analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9061–9076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9061-2014, 2014.
Ge, X., Li, L., Chen, Y., Chen, H., Wu, D., Wang, J., Xie, X., Ge, S., Ye,
Z., Xu, J., and Chen, M.: Aerosol characteristics and sources in Yangzhou,
China resolved by offline aerosol mass spectrometry and other techniques,
Environ. Pollut., 225, 74–85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.044, 2017.
Girdwood, J., Smith, H., Stanley, W., Ulanowski, Z., Stopford, C., Chemel, C., Doulgeris, K.-M., Brus, D., Campbell, D., and Mackenzie, R.: Design and field campaign validation of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and optical particle counter, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6613–6630, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6613-2020, 2020.
Glaser, K., Vogt, U., Baumbach, G., Volz-Thomas, A., and Geiss, H.: Vertical
profiles of O3, NO2, NOx, VOC, and meteorological parameters during the Berlin Ozone Experiment (BERLIOZ) campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8253, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002475, 2003.
Groma, V., Alföldy, B., Börcsök, E., Czömpöly, O.,
Füri, P., Horváthné Kéri, A., Kovács, G., Török,
S., and Osán, J.: Sources and health effects of fine and ultrafine
aerosol particles in an urban environment, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 13,
101302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.101302, 2022.
Gustafsson, Ö. and Ramanathan, V.: Convergence on climate warming by
black carbon aerosols, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 4243–4245,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603570113, 2016.
Heal, M. R., Kumar, P., and Harrison, R. M.: Particles, air quality, policy
and health, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6606–6630, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35076A,
2012.
Hemingway, B. L., Frazier, A. E., Elbing, B. R., and Jacob, J. D.: Vertical
sampling scales for atmospheric boundary layer measurements from small
unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS), Atmosphere, 8, 176,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8090176, 2017.
Hering, S. V, Spielman, S. R., and Lewis, G. S.: Moderated, Water-Based,
Condensational Particle Growth in a Laminar Flow, Aerosol Sci. Tech.,
48, 401–408, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.881460, 2014.
Jaffe, D. A., O'Neill, S. M., Larkin, N. K., Holder, A. L., Peterson, D. L.,
Halofsky, J. E., and Rappold, A. G.: Wildfire and prescribed burning impacts
on air quality in the United States, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 70,
583–615, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2020.1749731, 2020.
Jayne, J. T., Leard, D. C., Zhang, X., Davidovits, P., Smith, K. A., Kolb,
C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Development of an aerosol mass spectrometer for
size and composition analysis of submicron particles, Aerosol Sci. Tech.,
33, 49–70, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868200410840, 2000.
Jiang, W., Misovich, M. V., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Laskin, A., McFall, A.
S., Anastasio, C., and Zhang, Q.: Photosensitized Reactions of a Phenolic
Carbonyl from Wood Combustion in the Aqueous Phase - Chemical Evolution and
Light Absorption Properties of AqSOA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55,
5199–5211, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07581, 2021.
Kezoudi, M., Keleshis, C., Antoniou, P., Biskos, G., Bronz, M.,
Constantinides, C., Desservettaz, M., Gao, R.-S., Girdwood, J., Harnetiaux,
J., Kandler, K., Leonidou, A., Liu, Y., Lelieveld, J., Marenco, F.,
Mihalopoulos, N., Močnik, G., Neitola, K., Paris, J.-D., Pikridas, M.,
Sarda-Esteve, R., Stopford, C., Unga, F., Vrekoussis, M., and Sciare, J.: The
Unmanned Systems Research Laboratory (USRL): A New Facility for UAV-Based
Atmospheric Observations, Atmosphere, 12, 1042, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081042, 2021.
Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., and Kabir, S.: A review on the human health impact of
airborne particulate matter, Environ. Int., 74, 136–143,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.005, 2015.
Kimmel, J. R., Farmer, D. K., Cubison, M. J., Sueper, D., Tanner, C.,
Nemitz, E., Worsnop, D. R., Gonin, M., and Jimenez, J. L.: Real-time aerosol
mass spectrometry with millisecond resolution, Int. J. Mass Spectrom.,
303, 15–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2010.12.004, 2011.
Kleinman, L. I., Sedlacek III, A. J., Adachi, K., Buseck, P. R., Collier, S., Dubey, M. K., Hodshire, A. L., Lewis, E., Onasch, T. B., Pierce, J. R., Shilling, J., Springston, S. R., Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Zhou, S., and Yokelson, R. J.: Rapid evolution of aerosol particles and their optical properties downwind of wildfires in the western US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13319–13341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13319-2020, 2020.
Kobziar, L. N., Pingree, M. R. A., Watts, A. C., Nelson, K. N., Dreaden, T.
J., and Ridout, M.: Accessing the Life in Smoke: A New Application of
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to Sample Wildland Fire Bioaerosol Emissions
and Their Environment, Fire, 2, 56, https://doi.org/10.3390/FIRE2040056, 2019.
Lambey, V. and Prasad, A. D.: A Review on Air Quality Measurement Using an
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Water Air Soil Pollut., 232, 109,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04973-5, 2021.
Li, H., Zhang, Q., Jiang, W., Collier, S., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., and He, K.:
Characteristics and sources of water-soluble organic aerosol in a heavily
polluted environment in Northern China, Sci. Total Environ., 758, 143970,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143970, 2021.
Li, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, G., Li, J., Wu, C., Liu, L., Wang, J., Jiang, W., Li, L., Ho, K. F., and Cao, J.: Optical properties and molecular compositions of water-soluble and water-insoluble brown carbon (BrC) aerosols in northwest China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4889–4904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4889-2020, 2020.
Li, Y. J., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, X., Li, M., Zhou, Z., and Chan, C. K.:
Real-time chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter in
China: A review, Atmos. Environ., 158, 270–304,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.027, 2017.
Liu, J., Alexander, L., Fast, J. D., Lindenmaier, R., and Shilling, J. E.: Aerosol characteristics at the Southern Great Plains site during the HI-SCALE campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5101–5116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5101-2021, 2021.
Liu, P. S. K., Deng, R., Smith, K. A., Williams, L. R., Jayne, J. T.,
Canagaratna, M. R., Moore, K., Onasch, T. B., Worsnop, D. R., and Deshler,
T.: Transmission Efficiency of an Aerodynamic Focusing Lens System:
Comparison of Model Calculations and Laboratory Measurements for the
Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 721–733,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701422278, 2007.
Liu, Y., Dong, X., Wang, M., Emmons, L. K., Liu, Y., Liang, Y., Li, X., and Shrivastava, M.: Analysis of secondary organic aerosol simulation bias in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2.1), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8003–8021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8003-2021, 2021.
Lou, S., Shrivastava, M., Easter, R. C., Yang, Y., Ma, P.-L., Wang, H.,
Cubison, M. J., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Zhang, Q., Rasch, P. J.,
Shilling, J. E., Zelenyuk, A., Dubey, M., Cameron-Smith, P., Martin, S. T.,
Schneider, J., and Schulz, C.: New SOA Treatments Within the Energy Exascale
Earth System Model (E3SM): Strong Production and Sinks Govern Atmospheric
SOA Distributions and Radiative Forcing, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 12,
e2020MS002266, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002266, 2020.
Ma, L., Guzman, C., Niedek, C., Tran, T., Zhang, Q., and Anastasio, C.:
Kinetics and Mass Yields of Aqueous Secondary Organic Aerosol from Highly
Substituted Phenols Reacting with a Triplet Excited State, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 55, 5772–5781, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00575, 2021.
Maahn, M., de Boer, G., Creamean, J. M., Feingold, G., McFarquhar, G. M., Wu, W., and Mei, F.: The observed influence of local anthropogenic pollution on northern Alaskan cloud properties, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14709–14726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14709-2017, 2017.
Mei, F. and Goldberger, L. A.: Time-Resolved Aerosol Filter Sampler
Instrument Handbook, United States, DOE/SC-ARM-TR-256, 2020.
Mei, F., Pekour, M. S., Dexheimer, D., de Boer, G., Cook, R., Tomlinson, J., Schmid, B., Goldberger, L. A., Newsom, R., and Fast, J. D.: Observational data from uncrewed systems over Southern Great Plains, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3423–3438, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3423-2022, 2022.
Mihara, T. and Mochida, M.: Characterization of solvent-extractable organics
in urban aerosols based on mass spectrum analysis and hygroscopic growth
measurement, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 9168–9174,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es201271w, 2011.
Moschos, V., Kumar, N. K., Daellenbach, K. R., Baltensperger, U.,
Prévôt, A. S. H., and El Haddad, I.: Source Apportionment of Brown
Carbon Absorption by Coupling Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy with Aerosol
Mass Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 5, 302–308,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00118, 2018.
O'Brien, R. E., Ridley, K. J., Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Croteau, P. L., Worsnop, D. R., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Surratt, J. D., Follett, C. L., Repeta, D. J., and Kroll, J. H.: Ultrasonic nebulization for the elemental analysis of microgram-level samples with offline aerosol mass spectrometry, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1659–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1659-2019, 2019.
Parworth, C., Fast, J., Mei, F., Shippert, T., Sivaraman, C., Tilp, A.,
Watson, T., and Zhang, Q.: Long-term measurements of submicrometer aerosol
chemistry at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) using an Aerosol Chemical
Speciation Monitor (ACSM), Atmos. Environ., 106, 43–55,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.060, 2015.
Permar, W., Wang, Q., Selimovic, V., Wielgasz, C., Yokelson, R. J.,
Hornbrook, R. S., Hills, A. J., Apel, E. C., Ku, I.-T., Zhou, Y., Sive, B.
C., Sullivan, A. P., Collett Jr, J. L., Campos, T. L., Palm, B. B., Peng,
Q., Thornton, J. A., Garofalo, L. A., Farmer, D. K., Kreidenweis, S. M.,
Levin, E. J. T., DeMott, P. J., Flocke, F., Fischer, E. V., and Hu, L.:
Emissions of Trace Organic Gases From Western U.S. Wildfires Based on WE-CAN
Aircraft Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033838,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033838, 2021.
Plummer, L. E., Carosino, C. M., Bein, K. J., Zhao, Y., Willits, N.,
Smiley-Jewell, S., Wexler, A. S., and Pinkerton, K. E.: Pulmonary
inflammatory effects of source-oriented particulate matter from California's
San Joaquin Valley, Atmos. Environ., 119, 174–181,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.043, 2015.
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Lelieveld, J., Mitra, A. P., Althausen, D.,
Anderson, J., Andreae, M. O., Cantrell, W., Cass, G. R., Chung, C. E.,
Clarke, A. D., Coakley, J. A., Collins, W. D., Conant, W. C., Dulac, F.,
Heintzenberg, J., Heymsfield, A. J., Holben, B., Howell, S., Hudson, J.,
Jayaraman, A., Kiehl, J. T., Krishnamurti, T. N., Lubin, D., McFarquhar, G.,
Novakov, T., Ogren, J. A., Podgorny, I. A., Prather, K., Priestley, K.,
Prospero, J. M., Quinn, P. K., Rajeev, K., Rasch, P., Rupert, S., Sadourny,
R., Satheesh, S. K., Shaw, G. E., Sheridan, P., and Valero, F. P. J.: Indian
Ocean Experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects
of the great Indo-Asian haze, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106,
28371–28398, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900133, 2001.
Reddington, C. L., Carslaw, K. S., Stier, P., Schutgens, N., Coe, H., Liu,
D., Allan, J., Browse, J., Pringle, K. J., Lee, L. A., Yoshioka, M.,
Johnson, J. S., Regayre, L. A., Spracklen, D. V, Mann, G. W., Clarke, A.,
Hermann, M., Henning, S., Wex, H., Kristensen, T. B., Leaitch, W. R.,
Pöschl, U., Rose, D., Andreae, M. O., Schmale, J., Kondo, Y., Oshima,
N., Schwarz, J. P., Nenes, A., Anderson, B., Roberts, G. C., Snider, J. R.,
Leck, C., Quinn, P. K., Chi, X., Ding, A., Jimenez, J. L., and Zhang, Q.: The
Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project (GASSP): Measurements and
Modeling to Reduce Uncertainty, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 98, 1857–1877,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00317.1, 2017.
Shrivastava, M., Cappa, C. D., Fan, J., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A. B.,
Jimenez, J. L., Kuang, C., Laskin, A., Martin, S. T., Ng, N. L., Petaja, T.,
Pierce, J. R., Rasch, P. J., Roldin, P., Seinfeld, J. H., Shilling, J.,
Smith, J. N., Thornton, J. A., Volkamer, R., Wang, J., Worsnop, D. R.,
Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A., and Zhang, Q.: Recent advances in understanding
secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing, Rev.
Geophys., 55, 509–559, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000540, 2017.
Shupe, M. D., Persson, P. O. G., Brooks, I. M., Tjernström, M., Sedlar, J., Mauritsen, T., Sjogren, S., and Leck, C.: Cloud and boundary layer interactions over the Arctic sea ice in late summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9379–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9379-2013, 2013.
Sisterson, D. L., Peppler, R. A., Cress, T. S., Lamb, P. J., and Turner, D.
D.: The ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) Site, Meteorol. Monogr., 57,
6.1–6.14, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0004.1, 2016.
Sommers, W. T., Loehman, R. A., and Hardy, C. C.: Wildland fire emissions,
carbon, and climate: Science overview and knowledge needs, Forest Ecol.
Manage., 317, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.014, 2014.
Sun, X., Wei, H., Young, D. E., Bein, K. J., Smiley-Jewell, S. M., Zhang,
Q., Fulgar, C. C. B., Castañeda, A. R., Pham, A. K., Li, W., and
Pinkerton, K. E.: Differential pulmonary effects of wintertime California
and China particulate matter in healthy young mice, Toxicol. Lett., 278,
1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.853, 2017.
Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Zheng, M., Ding, X., Edgerton, E. S., and Wang, X.:
Characterization and source apportionment of water-soluble organic matter in
atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) with high-resolution aerosol mass
spectrometry and GC-MS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 4854–4861,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es200162h, 2011.
Villa, T. F., Gonzalez, F., Miljievic, B., Ristovski, Z. D., and Morawska,
L.: An Overview of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Air Quality
Measurements: Present Applications and Future Prospectives, Sensors, 16, 1072, https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071072, 2016.
Vlachou, A., Daellenbach, K. R., Bozzetti, C., Chazeau, B., Salazar, G. A., Szidat, S., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Hueglin, C., Baltensperger, U., Haddad, I. E., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Advanced source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols by coupling offline AMS and radiocarbon size-segregated measurements over a nearly 2-year period, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6187–6206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6187-2018, 2018.
Von Schneidemesser, E., Monks, P. S., Allan, J. D., Bruhwiler, L., Forster,
P., Fowler, D., Lauer, A., Morgan, W. T., Paasonen, P., Righi, M.,
Sindelarova, K., and Sutton, M. A.: Chemistry and the Linkages between Air
Quality and Climate Change, Chem. Rev., 115, 3856–3897,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00089, 2015.
Yu, L., Smith, J., Laskin, A., Anastasio, C., Laskin, J., and Zhang, Q.: Chemical characterization of SOA formed from aqueous-phase reactions of phenols with the triplet excited state of carbonyl and hydroxyl radical, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13801–13816, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13801-2014, 2014.
Yu, L., Smith, J., Laskin, A., George, K. M., Anastasio, C., Laskin, J., Dillner, A. M., and Zhang, Q.: Molecular transformations of phenolic SOA during photochemical aging in the aqueous phase: competition among oligomerization, functionalization, and fragmentation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4511–4527, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4511-2016, 2016.
Zhang, Q., Zhou, S., Collier, S., Jaffe, D., Onasch, T., Shilling, J.,
Kleinman, L., and Sedlacek, A.: Understanding Composition, Formation, and
Aging of Organic Aerosols in Wildfire Emissions via Combined Mountain Top
and Airborne Measurements, in: Multiphase Environmental Chemistry in the
Atmosphere, chap. 18, 1299, 363–385, American Chemical Society, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch018, 2018.
Zhou, S., Collier, S., Xu, J., Mei, F., Wang, J., Lee, Y.-N., Sedlacek III,
A. J., Springston, S. R., Sun, Y., and Zhang, Q.: Influences of upwind
emission sources and atmospheric processing on aerosol chemistry and
properties at a rural location in the Northeastern U.S., J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 6049–6065, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024568, 2016.
Zhou, W., Xu, W., Kim, H., Zhang, Q., Fu, P., Worsnop, D. R., and Sun, Y.: A
review of aerosol chemistry in Asia: insights from aerosol mass spectrometer
measurements, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 22, 1616–1653,
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00212G, 2020.
Short summary
This novel micronebulization aerosol mass spectrometry (MS) technique requires a low sample volume (10 μL) and can quantify nanogram levels of organic and inorganic particulate matter (PM) components when used with 34SO4. This technique was successfully applied to PM samples collected from uncrewed atmospheric measurement platforms and provided chemical information that agrees well with real-time data from a co-located aerosol chemical speciation monitor and offline data from secondary ion MS.
This novel micronebulization aerosol mass spectrometry (MS) technique requires a low sample...
