Budke, C. and Koop, T.: BINARY: an optical freezing array for assessing temperature and time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 689–703,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-689-2015, 2015.
a
Campbell, J. M., Meldrum, F. C., and Christenson, H. K.: Is Ice Nucleation
from Supercooled Water Insensitive to Surface Roughness?, J. Phys. Chem. C,
119, 1164–1169,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5113729,
2015.
a
Cashman, K. and Rust, A.: Volcanic Ash: Generation and Spatial Variations,
in: Volcanic Ash, edited by: Mackie, S., Cashman, K., Ricketts, H., Rust, A.,
and Watson, M., 2, 5–22, Elsevier,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100405-0.00002-1,
2016.
a
Chou, C., Stetzer, O., Weingartner, E., Jurányi, Z., Kanji, Z. A., and Lohmann, U.: Ice nuclei properties within a Saharan dust event at the Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4725–4738,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4725-2011, 2011.
a
Connolly, P. J., Möhler, O., Field, P. R., Saathoff, H., Burgess, R., Choularton, T., and Gallagher, M.: Studies of heterogeneous freezing by three different desert dust samples, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2805–2824,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2805-2009, 2009.
a
Coufal, H. and Hefferle, P.: Thermal diffusivity measurements of thin films
with a pyroelectric calorimeter, Appl. Phys. A, 38,
213–219,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00616499, 1985.
a
Debenedetti, P. G.: Metastable Liquids: Concepts and Principles, Princeton
University Press, 1996. a
DeMott, P. J. and Rogers, D. C.: Freezing Nucleation Rates of Dilute Solution
Droplets Measured between
−30C and
−40C in Laboratory Simulations of Natural
Clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1056–1064,
1990. a
DeMott, P. J., Möhler, O., Cziczo, D. J., Hiranuma, N., Petters, M. D., Petters, S. S., Belosi, F., Bingemer, H. G., Brooks, S. D., Budke, C., Burkert-Kohn, M., Collier, K. N., Danielczok, A., Eppers, O., Felgitsch, L., Garimella, S., Grothe, H., Herenz, P., Hill, T. C. J., Höhler, K., Kanji, Z. A., Kiselev, A., Koop, T., Kristensen, T. B., Krüger, K., Kulkarni, G., Levin, E. J. T., Murray, B. J., Nicosia, A., O'Sullivan, D., Peckhaus, A., Polen, M. J., Price, H. C., Reicher, N., Rothenberg, D. A., Rudich, Y., Santachiara, G., Schiebel, T., Schrod, J., Seifried, T. M., Stratmann, F., Sullivan, R. C., Suski, K. J., Szakáll, M., Taylor, H. P., Ullrich, R., Vergara-Temprado, J., Wagner, R., Whale, T. F., Weber, D., Welti, A., Wilson, T. W., Wolf, M. J., and Zenker, J.: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 2 (FIN-02): laboratory intercomparison of ice nucleation measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6231–6257,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6231-2018, 2018.
a
English, N. J. and Tse, J. S.: Massively parallel molecular dynamics
simulation of formation of ice-crystallite precursors in supercooled water:
Incipient-nucleation behavior and role of system size, Phys. Rev. E, 92,
32132,
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032132,
2015.
a
Etzel, K. D., Bickel, K. R., and Schuster, R.: A microcalorimeter for
measuring heat effects of electrochemical reactions with submonolayer
conversions, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 81, 034101,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3309785, 2010.
a
Frittmann, S., Halka, V., Jaramillo, C., and Schuster, R.: An improved sensor
for electrochemical microcalorimetry, based on lithiumtantalate, Rev. Sci.
Instrum., 86, 064102,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4922859,
2015.
a
Gibbs, A., Charman, M., Schwarzacher, W., and Rust, A. C.: Immersion freezing
of supercooled water drops containing glassy volcanic ash particles,
Geo Res. J., 7, 66–69,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grj.2015.06.002,
2015.
a,
b
Harrison, A. D., Whale, T. F., Carpenter, M. A., Holden, M. A., Neve, L., O'Sullivan, D., Vergara Temprado, J., and Murray, B. J.: Not all feldspars are equal: a survey of ice nucleating properties across the feldspar group of minerals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10927–10940,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10927-2016, 2016.
a,
b
Harrison, A. D., Whale, T. F., Rutledge, R., Lamb, S., Tarn, M. D., Porter, G. C. E., Adams, M. P., McQuaid, J. B., Morris, G. J., and Murray, B. J.: An instrument for quantifying heterogeneous ice nucleation in multiwell plates using infrared emissions to detect freezing, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5629–5641,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5629-2018, 2018.
a,
b
Häusler, T., Witek, L., Felgitsch, L., Hitzenberger, R., and Grothe, H.:
Freezing on a Chip-A new approach to determine heterogeneous ice nucleation
of micrometer-sized water droplets, Atmosphere, 9, 140,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9040140, 2018.
a
Hiranuma, N., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Bingemer, H., Budke, C., Curtius, J., Danielczok, A., Diehl, K., Dreischmeier, K., Ebert, M., Frank, F., Hoffmann, N., Kandler, K., Kiselev, A., Koop, T., Leisner, T., Möhler, O., Nillius, B., Peckhaus, A., Rose, D., Weinbruch, S., Wex, H., Boose, Y., DeMott, P. J., Hader, J. D., Hill, T. C. J., Kanji, Z. A., Kulkarni, G., Levin, E. J. T., McCluskey, C. S., Murakami, M., Murray, B. J., Niedermeier, D., Petters, M. D., O'Sullivan, D., Saito, A., Schill, G. P., Tajiri, T., Tolbert, M. A., Welti, A., Whale, T. F., Wright, T. P., and Yamashita, K.: A comprehensive laboratory study on the immersion freezing behavior of illite NX particles: a comparison of 17 ice nucleation measurement techniques, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2489–2518,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2489-2015, 2015.
a,
b,
c
Holden, M. A., Whale, T. F., Tarn, M. D., O'sullivan, D., Walshaw, R. D.,
Murray, B. J., Meldrum, F. C., and Christenson, H. K.: High-speed imaging of
ice nucleation in water proves the existence of active sites, Sci. Adv., 5,
eeav4316,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4316, 2019.
a,
b
Hoose, C. and Möhler, O.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817–9854,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012.
a
Jing, F., Yixin, L., Pengjv, M., Yongkun, G., Shichao, G., Bing, C., Junkun,
T., and Yudong, L.: Supercooling and heterogeneous nucleation in
acoustically levitated deionized water and graphene oxide nanofluids
droplets, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 103, 143–148,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.01.016,
2019.
a
Kanji, Z. A. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: The University of Toronto Continuous Flow
Diffusion Chamber (UT-CFDC): A Simple Design for Ice Nucleation Studies,
Aerosol Sci Technol., 43, 730–738,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820902889861,
2009.
a
Kaufmann, L., Marcolli, C., Luo, B., and Peter, T.: Refreeze experiments with water droplets containing different types of ice nuclei interpreted by classical nucleation theory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3525–3552,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3525-2017, 2017.
a
Kiselev, A., Bachmann, F., Pedevilla, P., Cox, S. J., Michaelides, A.,
Gerthsen, D., and Leisner, T.: Active sites in heterogeneous ice
nucleation-the example of K-rich feldspars, Science, 355, 367–371,
2017.
a,
b
Knopf, D. A., Alpert, P. A., Zipori, A., Reicher, N., and Rudich, Y.:
Stochastic nucleation processes and substrate abundance explain
time-dependent freezing in supercooled droplets, npj Climate and Atmospheric
Science, 3, 2,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-0106-4,
2020.
a
Koop, T., Luo, B., Biermann, U. M., Crutzen, P. J., and Peter, T.: Freezing of
Solutions at Stratospheric Temperatures: Nucleation
Statistics and Experiments, J. Phys. Chem. A, 101, 1117–1133,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9626531, 1997.
a
Krämer, B., Hübner, O., Vortisch, H., Wöste, L., Leisner, T.,
Schwell, M., Rühl, E., and Baumgärtel, H.: Homogeneous
nucleation rates of supercooled water measured in single levitated
microdroplets, J. Chem. Phys., 111, 6521–6527,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479946,
1999.
a
Kumar, A., Marcolli, C., Luo, B., and Peter, T.: Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions – Part 1: The K-feldspar microcline, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7057–7079,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7057-2018, 2018.
a,
b,
c,
d
Kunert, A. T., Lamneck, M., Helleis, F., Pöschl, U., Pöhlker, M. L., and Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J.: Twin-plate Ice Nucleation Assay (TINA) with infrared detection for high-throughput droplet freezing experiments with biological ice nuclei in laboratory and field samples, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6327–6337,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6327-2018, 2018.
a,
b
Lew, W., Lytken, O., Farmer, J. A., Crowe, M. C., and Campbell, C. T.:
Improved pyroelectric detectors for single crystal adsorption calorimetry
from 100 to 350 K, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 81, 024102,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3290632, 2010.
a
Macedonio, G., Costa, A., and Folch, A.: Uncertainties in volcanic plume
modeling: A parametric study using FPLUME, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 326,
92–102,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.03.016,
2016.
a
Maters, E. C., Dingwell, D. B., Cimarelli, C., Müller, D., Whale, T. F., and Murray, B. J.: The importance of crystalline phases in ice nucleation by volcanic ash, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5451–5465,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5451-2019, 2019.
a
Möhler, O., Stetzer, O., Schaefers, S., Linke, C., Schnaiter, M., Tiede, R., Saathoff, H., Krämer, M., Mangold, A., Budz, P., Zink, P., Schreiner, J., Mauersberger, K., Haag, W., Kärcher, B., and Schurath, U.: Experimental investigation of homogeneous freezing of sulphuric acid particles in the aerosol chamber AIDA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 211–223,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-211-2003, 2003.
a
Murray, B. J., O'sullivan, D., Atkinson, J. D., and Webb, M. E.: Ice
nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets, Chem. Soc.
Rev., 41, 6519–6554,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35200a,
2012.
a
Parody-Morreale, A., Bishop, G., Fall, R., and Gill, S. J.: A differential
scanning calorimeter for ice nucleation distribution studies-Application to
bacterial nucleators, Anal. Biochem., 154, 682–690,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(86)90047-3, 1986.
a
Peckhaus, A., Kiselev, A., Hiron, T., Ebert, M., and Leisner, T.: A comparative study of K-rich and Na/Ca-rich feldspar ice-nucleating particles in a nanoliter droplet freezing assay, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11477–11496,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11477-2016, 2016.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e
Pedevilla, P., Cox, S. J., Slater, B., and Michaelides, A.: Can Ice-Like
Structures Form on Non-Ice-Like Substrates? The Example of the K-feldspar
Microcline, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120, 6704–6713,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b01155, 2016.
a,
b
Polen, M., Brubaker, T., Somers, J., and Sullivan, R. C.: Cleaning up our water: reducing interferences from nonhomogeneous freezing of “pure” water in droplet freezing assays of ice-nucleating particles, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5315–5334,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5315-2018, 2018.
a
Reicher, N., Segev, L., and Rudich, Y.: The WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on a Microarray (WISDOM) and application for ambient dust, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 233–248,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-233-2018, 2018.
a
Riechers, B., Wittbracht, F., Hütten, A., and Koop, T.: The homogeneous
ice nucleation rate of water droplets produced in a microfluidic device and
the role of temperature uncertainty, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,
15, 5873–5887,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp42437e, 2013.
a
Rogers, D. C.: Development of a Continuous Flow Thermal Gradient Diffusion
Chamber for Ice Nucleation Studies, Atmos. Res., 22, 149–181,
1988. a
Soni, A. and Patey, G. N.: Simulations of water structure and the possibility
of ice nucleation on selected crystal planes of K-feldspar, J. Chem. Phys.,
150, 214501,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5094645,
2019.
a
Sosso, G. C., Chen, J., Cox, S. J., Fitzner, M., Pedevilla, P., Zen, A., and
Michaelides, A.: Crystal Nucleation in Liquids: Open Questions and Future
Challenges in Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Chem. Rev., 116,
7078–7116,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00744, 2016.
a
Stetzer, O., Baschek, B., Lüönd, F., and Lohmann, U.: The Zurich
Ice Nucleation Chamber (ZINC)-A New Instrument to Investigate Atmospheric Ice
Formation, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 42, 64–74,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701787944,
2008.
a
Stopelli, E., Conen, F., Zimmermann, L., Alewell, C., and Morris, C. E.: Freezing nucleation apparatus puts new slant on study of biological ice nucleators in precipitation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 129–134,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-129-2014, 2014.
a
Tarn, M. D., Sikora, S. N. F., Porter, G. C. E., O 'sullivan, D., Adams, M.,
Whale, T. F., Harrison, A. D., Vergara-Temprado, J., Wilson, T. W., Shim,
J., and Murray, B. J.: The study of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles
via microfluidically generated droplets, Microfluidic. Nanofluid., 22,
52,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-018-2069-x,
2018.
a,
b,
c
Tobo, Y.: An improved approach for measuring immersion freezing in large
droplets over a wide temperature range, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 32930,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32930,
2016.
a,
b,
c
Tobo, Y., Prenni, A. J., Demott, P. J., Huffman, J. A., McCluskey, C. S., Tian,
G., Pöhlker, C., Pöschl, U., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Biological
aerosol particles as a key determinant of ice nuclei populations in a forest
ecosystem, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 10100–10110,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50801, 2013.
a
Whale, T. F., Murray, B. J., O'Sullivan, D., Wilson, T. W., Umo, N. S., Baustian, K. J., Atkinson, J. D., Workneh, D. A., and Morris, G. J.: A technique for quantifying heterogeneous ice nucleation in microlitre supercooled water droplets, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2437–2447,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2437-2015, 2015.
a,
b,
c
Whale, T. F., Holden, M. A., Kulak, A. N., Kim, Y., Meldrum, F. C.,
Christenson, H. K., and Murray, B. J.: The role of phase separation and
related topography in the exceptional ice-nucleating ability of alkali
feldspars, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 19, 31186–31193,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04898j,
2017.
a,
b,
c
Wright, H. M. N., Cashman, K. V., Mothes, P. A., Hall, M. L., Ruiz, A. G., and
Le Pennec, J.-L.: Estimating rates of decompression from textures of erupted
ash particles produced by 1999–2006 eruptions of Tungurahua volcano,
Ecuador, Geology, 40, 619–622,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G32948.1, 2012.
a
Yakobi-Hancock, J. D., Ladino, L. A., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Feldspar minerals as efficient deposition ice nuclei, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11175–11185,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11175-2013, 2013.
a
Yao, Y., Ruckdeschel, P., Graf, R., Butt, H.-J., Retsch, M., and Floudas, G.:
Homogeneous Nucleation of Ice Confined in Hollow Silica Spheres, J. Phys.
Chem. B, 121, 306–313,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11053,
2017.
a
Zaragotas, D., Liolios, N. T., and Anastassopoulos, E.: Supercooling, ice
nucleation and crystal growth: a systematic study in plant samples,
Cryobiology, 72, 239–243,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.03.012,
2016.
a
Zolles, T., Burkart, J., Ha, T., Pummer, B., Hitzenberger, R., and Grothe, H.:
Identification of Ice Nucleation Active Sites on Feldspar Dust Particles,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 2692–2700,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp509839x,
2015.
a
