Articles | Volume 14, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2477-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2477-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Photoacoustic hygrometer for icing wind tunnel water content measurement: design, analysis, and intercomparison
Graz University of Technology, Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz, Austria
FH JOANNEUM GmbH, Institute of Aviation, Graz, Austria
AVL List GmbH, Nanophysics & Sensor Technologies, Graz, Austria
Wolfgang Breitfuss
RTA Rail Tec Arsenal Fahrzeugversuchsanlage GmbH, Vienna, Austria
Simon Schweighart
FH JOANNEUM GmbH, Institute of Aviation, Graz, Austria
Philipp Breitegger
Graz University of Technology, Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz, Austria
Hugo Pervier
Cranfield University, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield, United Kingdom
Andreas Tramposch
FH JOANNEUM GmbH, Institute of Aviation, Graz, Austria
Andreas Klug
AVL List GmbH, Nanophysics & Sensor Technologies, Graz, Austria
Wolfgang Hassler
FH JOANNEUM GmbH, Institute of Aviation, Graz, Austria
Alexander Bergmann
Graz University of Technology, Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz, Austria
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Flight testing in icing conditions requires instruments that are able to accurately measure the liquid water content of supercooled large droplets (SLDs). This work finds that the 12 mm cone of the Nevzorov hot-wire probe has excellent collection properties for SLDs. We also derive a correction to compensate for the low collision efficiency of small droplets with the cone. The results provide a procedure to evaluate LWC measurements of the 12 mm cone during wind tunnel and airborne experiments.
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Short summary
This work describes the design, calibration, and application of a hygrometer and sampling system, which have been developed and used for water content measurement in experimentally simulated atmospheric icing conditions with relevance in fundamental icing research as well as aviation testing and certification. Together with a general description of water content measurement and accompanying uncertainties, the results of a comparison to reference instruments in an icing wind tunnel are presented.
This work describes the design, calibration, and application of a hygrometer and sampling...