Articles | Volume 14, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4255-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4255-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Jun 2021
Research article |
| 09 Jun 2021
| 09 Jun 2021
A multi-purpose, multi-rotor drone system for long-range and high-altitude volcanic gas plume measurements
Department of Earth, Space and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
Santiago Arellano
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth, Space and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
Nicole Bobrowski
Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Vladimir Conde
Department of Earth, Space and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
Tobias P. Fischer
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Gustav Gerdes
Gerdes solutions AB, 128 41, Stockholm, Sweden
Alexandra Gutmann
Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Thorsten Hoffmann
Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Ima Itikarai
Rabaul Volcano Observatory, P.O. Box 386, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea
Tomas Krejci
HAB Electronic AB, 34140, Ljungby, Sweden
Emma J. Liu
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
Kila Mulina
Rabaul Volcano Observatory, P.O. Box 386, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea
Scott Nowicki
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Quantum Spatial, Inc., Albuquerque, NM, USA
Tom Richardson
Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
Julian Rüdiger
Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Kieran Wood
Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
Jiazhi Xu
Department of Earth, Space and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
Related authors
No articles found.
Patrick Dewald, Tobias Seubert, Laura Wüst, Jan Schuladen, Frank Drewnick, Friederike Fachinger, Thorsten Hoffmann, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 3445–3457, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3445-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3445-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed and tested an instrument that quantitatively detects particulate nitrate. Gas-phase reactive nitrogen species are denuded using an active-carbon surface and particle nitrate is converted to NO2, which is detected using cavity-ringdown-spectroscopy. Key to accurate measurement of particulate nitrate is drying of the sampled air. Excellent agreement with an aerosol-mass-spectrometer indicates that the instrument detects both organic and inorganic nitrate particle mass accurately.
Johannes Degen, Nicole Bobrowski, Mélisende M. Bossard, Lucie Boucher, Huilin Chen, Andreas Engel, Bastien H. Geil, Giovanni B. Giuffrida, Steven van Heuven, Thorsten Hoffmann, Niklas Karbach, Gianluigi Ortenzi, and Tanja J. Schuck
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1865, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1865, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Observations in volcanic plumes often rely on Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). In July 2024, we used the active AirCore technique with UAS to probe the plumes of Mount Etna (Italy). This was the first time to use this technique inside volcanic plumes. AirCore samples are stored in long coils for laboratory analyses delivering high-quality trace gas measurements. We observed enhanced mole fractions of CO2 and often also of CO. allowing conclusions on oxidation processes inside the crater.
Niklas Karbach, Pauline Pouyes, Emilie Perraudin, Eric Villenave, and Thorsten Hoffmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2473, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2473, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the chemical composition of organic aerosol near Paris to distinguish contributions from urban emissions and surrounding biogenic sources. By combining high resolution mass spectrometry with statistical clustering and wind information, we identified clear source specific patterns. Urban influence was associated with sulfur and nitrogen containing compounds, whereas biogenic influence was dominated by oxidized organic compounds.
Maja Rüth, Nicole Bobrowski, Ellen Bräutigam, Alexander Nies, Jonas Kuhn, Thorsten Hoffmann, Niklas Karbach, Bastien Geil, Ralph Kleinschek, Stefan Schmitt, and Ulrich Platt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 2047–2059, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2047-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2047-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
UV absorption and electrochemical O3 sensor measurement techniques suffer from interferences, especially from SO2, which is a main constituent of volcanic plumes. Only chemiluminescence (CL) O3 monitors have no known interference with SO2. However, modern CL O3 monitors are impractical because they are heavy and bulky. We developed and applied a lightweight version of a CL O3 instrument (l.5 kg, shoebox size) and present the result of those drone based CL O3 measurements.
Tobias Dieter Schmitt, Moritz Sindram, Benedikt Alexander Löw, Lukas Weis, Ralph Kleinschek, Nicole Bobrowski, and André Butz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1387, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Current monitoring systems for volcanic gases use ultra-violet and visible light, since the sky is bright in these regions. We analyzed if it is possible to extend their measurement concept to the near-infrared, where other important gases like CO2, HF and HCl are accessible. Our results indicate that this is unrealistic for CO2, but possible for HF and HCl, at least for some volcanos. In the future, this could contribute to a better understanding of volcanic processes and eruption risks.
Denis Leppla, Stefanie Hildmann, Nora Zannoni, Leslie A. Kremper, Bruna A. Holanda, Jonathan Williams, Christopher Pöhlker, Stefan Wolff, Marta Sà, Maria Christina Solci, Ulrich Pöschl, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 365–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-365-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-365-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of organic particles in the Amazon rainforest was investigated to understand how biogenic and human emissions influence the atmosphere in this unique ecosystem. Seasonal patterns were found where wet seasons were dominated by biogenic compounds from natural sources while dry seasons showed increased fire-related pollutants. These findings reveal how emissions, fires and long-range transport affect atmospheric chemistry, with implications for climate models.
Wenche Aas, Thérèse Salameh, Robert Wegener, Heidi Hellén, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Pontus Roldin, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Andres Alastuey, Crist Amelynck, Jgor Arduini, Benjamin Bergmans, Marie Bertrand, Agnes Borbon, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Laetitia Bouvier, David Butterfield, Iris Buxbaum, Darius Ceburnis, Anja Claude, Aurélie Colomb, Sophie Darfeuil, James Dernie, Maximilien Desservettaz, Elías Díaz-Ramiro, Marvin Dufresne, René Dubus, Mario Duval, Marie Dury, Anna Font, Kirsten Fossum, Evelyn Freney, Gotzon Gangoiti, Yao Ge, Maria Carmen Gomez, Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno, Marie Gohy, Valérie Gros, Paul Hamer, Bryan Hellack, Hartmut Herrmann, Robert Holla, Adéla Holubová, Niels Jensen, Tuija Jokinen, Matthew Jones, Uwe Käfer, Lukas Kesper, Dieter Klemp, Dagmar Kubistin, Angela Marinoni, Martina Mazzini, Vy Ngoc Thuy Dinh, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Tuukka Petäjä, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Jitka Přívozníková, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Stefan Reimann, Laura Renzi, Veronique Riffault, Stuart Ritchie, Chris Robins, Begoña Artíñano Rodríguez de Torres, Laurent Poulain, Julian Rüdiger, Agnieszka Sanocka, Estibaliz Saez de Camara Oleaga, Niels Schoon, Roger Seco, Ivan Simmons, Leïla Simon, David Simpson, Emmanuel Tison, August Thomasson, Svetlana Tsyro, Marsailidh Twigg, Toni Tykkä, Bert Verreyken, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Sverre Solberg, Karen Yeung, Ilona Ylivinkka, Karl Espen Yttri, Ågot Watne, and Katie Williams
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6166, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6166, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A one-week intensive VOC and organic-tracer campaign during the 2022 European heatwave showed contributions from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources to ozone and SOA peaks, while model–observation differences underline the need for better characterization of sources and formation pathways.
Jackson Seymore, Miklós Szakáll, Alexander Theis, Subir K. Mitra, Christine Borchers, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 18249–18265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18249-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18249-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory studies examined carbonyl deposition into ice crystals using a flowtube setup. Ice crystals were grown under conditions that mimic cirrus clouds in the presence of carbonyl vapors. Ice and gas samples were collected and analyzed to calculate ice uptake coefficients for 14 carbonyls at different temperatures. This revealed an inverse relationship between uptake and temperature. Vapor pressure and molar mass were found to be the most significant factors in uptake.
Christine Borchers, Lasse Moormann, Bastien Geil, Niklas Karbach, David Wasserzier, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 7231–7242, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7231-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7231-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A three-dimensionally printed filter holder is connected to a lightweight, high-performance pump. This sampling system allows for easy and cost-effective measurements of organic aerosols at different heights and locations. By elucidating the chemical composition of organic aerosol, sources and processing of the compounds can be identified. Measurements at different altitudes and times of the day provide insight into the chemical aging and daytime trends of the aerosol particles.
Anna Breuninger, Philipp Joppe, Jonas Wilsch, Cornelis Schwenk, Heiko Bozem, Nicolas Emig, Laurin Merkel, Rainer Rossberg, Timo Keber, Arthur Kutschka, Philipp Waleska, Stefan Hofmann, Sarah Richter, Florian Ungeheuer, Konstantin Dörholt, Thorsten Hoffmann, Annette Miltenberger, Johannes Schneider, Peter Hoor, and Alexander L. Vogel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 16533–16551, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16533-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16533-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates molecular organic aerosol composition in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from an airborne campaign over Central Europe in summer 2024. Via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry of tropospheric and stratospheric filter samples, we identified various organic compounds. Our findings underscore the significant cross-tropopause transport of biogenic secondary organic aerosol and anthropogenic pollutants.
Jackson Seymore, Martanda Gautam, Miklós Szakáll, Alexander Theis, Thorsten Hoffmann, Jialiang Ma, Lingli Zhou, and Alexander L. Vogel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 11829–11845, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11829-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11829-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the chemical retention of water-soluble organic compounds in Beijing aerosols using an acoustic levitator and drop-freezing experiments. Samples from PM2.5 filter extracts were frozen at -15 °C in an acoustic levitator without artificial nucleators and analyzed using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Our findings reveal a non-normal distribution of retention coefficients that differs from current literature on cloud droplets.
Jade Margerum, Julia Homann, Stuart Umbo, Gernot Nehrke, Thorsten Hoffmann, Anton Vaks, Aleksandr Kononov, Alexander Osintsev, Alena Giesche, Andrew Mason, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Gideon M. Henderson, Ola Kwiecien, and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
Clim. Past, 21, 661–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-661-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-661-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse a southern Siberian stalagmite to reconstruct soil respiration, wildfire, and vegetation trends during the Last Interglacial (LIG) (124.1–118.8 ka) and the Holocene (10–0 ka). Wildfires were more prevalent during the LIG than the Holocene and were supported by fire-prone species, low soil respiration, and a greater difference between summer and winter temperature. We show that vegetation type and summer/winter temperature contrast are strong drivers of Siberian wildfires.
Johanna Schäfer, Anja Beschnitt, François Burgay, Thomas Singer, Margit Schwikowski, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 421–430, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-421-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-421-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers preserve organic compounds from atmospheric aerosols, which can serve as markers for emission sources. Most studies overlook the enantiomers of chiral compounds. We developed a two-dimensional liquid chromatography method to determine the chiral ratios of the monoterpene oxidation products cis-pinic acid and cis-pinonic acid in ice-core samples. Applied to samples from the Belukha Glacier (1870–1970 CE), the method revealed fluctuating chiral ratios for the analytes.
Christine Borchers, Jackson Seymore, Martanda Gautam, Konstantin Dörholt, Yannik Müller, Andreas Arndt, Laura Gömmer, Florian Ungeheuer, Miklós Szakáll, Stephan Borrmann, Alexander Theis, Alexander L. Vogel, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13961–13974, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riming, a crucial process in cloud dynamics, influences the vertical distribution of compounds in the atmosphere. Experiments in Mainz's wind tunnel investigated retention coefficients of organic compounds under varying conditions. Findings suggest a correlation between the Henry's law constant and retention, applicable even to complex organic molecules.
John Ericksen, Tobias P. Fischer, G. Matthew Fricke, Scott Nowicki, Nemesio M. Pérez, Pedro Hernández Pérez, Eleazar Padrón González, and Melanie E. Moses
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4725–4736, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4725-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4725-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic eruptions emit significant quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We present a new method for directly determining the CO2 emission from a volcanic eruption on the island of La Palma, Spain, using an unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV). We also collected samples of the emitted CO2 and analyzed their isotopic composition. Together with the emission rate the isotopic data provide valuable information on the state of volcanic activity and the potential evolution of the eruption.
Niklas Karbach, Lisa Höhler, Peter Hoor, Heiko Bozem, Nicole Bobrowski, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4081–4086, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The system presented here can accurately generate and reproduce a stable flow of gas mixtures of known concentrations over several days using ambient air as a dilution medium. In combination with the small size and low weight of the system, this enables the calibration of hydrogen sensors in the field, reducing the influence of matrix effects on the accuracy of the sensor. The system is inexpensive to assemble and easy to maintain, which is the key to reliable measurement results.
Jörg Beecken, Andreas Weigelt, Simone Griesel, Johan Mellqvist, Alexander V. Conde Jacobo, Daniëlle van Dinther, Jan Duyzer, Jon Knudsen, Bettina Knudsen, and Leonidas Ntziachristos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5883–5895, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution from shipping is a debated topic in science and politics. We compare different monitoring systems currently used in different European countries for the enforcement of emission limits regarding air pollution from ships according to regulation. The system performances were individually assessed in the field by comparison with true values. Non-compliant vessels with actual fuel sulfur contents > 0.15–0.19 % Sm/m can be detected by the compared systems with 95 % confidence.
Simon Warnach, Holger Sihler, Christian Borger, Nicole Bobrowski, Steffen Beirle, Ulrich Platt, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5537–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5537-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5537-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
BrO inside volcanic gas plumes but can be used in combination with SO2 to characterize the volcanic property and its activity state. High-quality satellite observations can provide a global inventory of this important quantity. This paper investigates how to accurately detect BrO inside volcanic plumes from the satellite UV spectrum. A sophisticated novel non-volcanic background correction scheme is presented, and systematic errors including cross-interference with formaldehyde are minimized.
Julia Homann, Niklas Karbach, Stacy A. Carolin, Daniel H. James, David Hodell, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Ola Kwiecien, Mark Brenner, Carlos Peraza Lope, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Biogeosciences, 20, 3249–3260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3249-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3249-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cave stalagmites contain substances that can be used to reconstruct past changes in local and regional environmental conditions. We used two classes of biomarkers (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monosaccharide anhydrides) to detect the presence of fire and to also explore changes in fire regime (e.g. fire frequency, intensity, and fuel source). We tested our new method on a stalagmite from Mayapan, a large Maya city on the Yucatán Peninsula.
Thomas Wagner, Simon Warnach, Steffen Beirle, Nicole Bobrowski, Adrian Jost, Janis Puķīte, and Nicolas Theys
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1609–1662, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate 3D effects of volcanic plumes on the retrieval results of satellite and ground-based UV–Vis observations. With its small ground pixels of 3.5 x 5.5 km², the TROPOMI instrument can detect much smaller volcanic plumes than previous instruments. At the same time, 3D effects become important. The effect of horizontal photon paths especially can lead to a strong underestimation of the derived plume contents of up to > 50 %, which can be further increased for strong absorbers like SO2.
Denis Leppla, Nora Zannoni, Leslie Kremper, Jonathan Williams, Christopher Pöhlker, Marta Sá, Maria Christina Solci, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 809–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chiral chemodiversity plays a critical role in biochemical processes such as insect and plant communication. Here we report on the measurement of chiral-specified secondary organic aerosol in the Amazon rainforest. The results show that the chiral ratio is mainly determined by large-scale emission processes. Characteristic emissions of chiral aerosol precursors from different forest ecosystems can thus provide large-scale information on different biogenic sources via chiral particle analysis.
Yunfan Liu, Hang Su, Siwen Wang, Chao Wei, Wei Tao, Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid O. Krüger, Thorsten Hoffmann, Manfred Wendisch, Paulo Artaxo, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 251–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The origins of the abundant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the upper troposphere (UT) of the Amazon remain unclear. With model developments of new secondary organic aerosol schemes and constrained by observation, we show that strong aerosol nucleation and condensation in the UT is triggered by biogenic organics, and organic condensation is key for UT CCN production. This UT CCN-producing mechanism may prevail over broader vegetation canopies and deserves emphasis in aerosol–climate feedback.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Yifang Gu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Wei Xu, Quan Liu, Yan You, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Thorsten Hoffmann, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10139–10153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning-influenced oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA-BB), formed from the photochemical oxidation and aging of biomass burning OA (BBOA), was resolved in urban Xi’an. The aqueous-phase processed oxygenated OA (aq-OOA) concentration was more dependent on secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) content and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). The increased aq-OOA contribution during SIA-enhanced periods likely reflects OA evolution due to the addition of alcohol or peroxide groups
Jonas Kuhn, Nicole Bobrowski, Thomas Wagner, and Ulrich Platt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7873–7892, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We propose spectrograph implementations using Fabry–Pérot interferometers for atmospheric trace gas remote sensing. Compared with widely used grating spectrographs, we find substantial light throughput and mobility advantages for high resolving powers. Besides lowering detection limits and increasing the spatial and temporal resolution of many atmospheric trace gas measurements, this approach might enable remote sensing of further important gases such as tropospheric OH radicals.
Alexandra Gutmann, Nicole Bobrowski, Marcello Liotta, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6395–6406, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6395-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6395-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Motivated by a special interest in bromine chemistry in volcanic plumes, the study presented here describes a new method for the quantitative collection of gaseous hydrogen bromide in gas diffusion denuders. The hydrogen bromide reacted during sampling with appropriate epoxides applied to the denuder walls. The denuder sampling assembly was successfully deployed in the volcanic plume of Masaya volcano, Nicaragua.
Haijie Tong, Fobang Liu, Alexander Filippi, Jake Wilson, Andrea M. Arangio, Yun Zhang, Siyao Yue, Steven Lelieveld, Fangxia Shen, Helmi-Marja K. Keskinen, Jing Li, Haoxuan Chen, Ting Zhang, Thorsten Hoffmann, Pingqing Fu, William H. Brune, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Maosheng Yao, Thomas Berkemeier, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10439–10455, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured radical yields of aqueous PM2.5 extracts and found lower yields at higher concentrations of PM2.5. Abundances of water-soluble transition metals and aromatics in PM2.5 were positively correlated with the relative fraction of •OH but negatively correlated with the relative fraction of C-centered radicals among detected radicals. Composition-dependent reactive species yields may explain differences in the reactivity and health effects of PM2.5 in clean versus polluted air.
Florian Dinger, Timo Kleinbek, Steffen Dörner, Nicole Bobrowski, Ulrich Platt, Thomas Wagner, Martha Ibarra, and Eveling Espinoza
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9367–9404, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring magnitude or chemical composition of volcanic gas emissions can help to forecast volcanic eruptions and provides empirical data on the impact of volcanoes on the chemistry in the local and global atmosphere. This study reports and discusses continuous time series of the sulfur and bromine emission fluxes of Masaya from 2014 to 2020. We observed an annual cyclicity in the BrO / SO2 molar ratio, possibly caused by the annual variability in the atmospheric humidity.
Kai Wang, Ru-Jin Huang, Martin Brüggemann, Yun Zhang, Lu Yang, Haiyan Ni, Jie Guo, Meng Wang, Jiajun Han, Merete Bilde, Marianne Glasius, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9089–9104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9089-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9089-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present the detailed molecular composition of the organic aerosol collected in three eastern Chinese cities from north to south, Changchun, Shanghai and Guangzhou, by applying LC–Orbitrap analysis. Accordingly, the aromaticity degree of chemical compounds decreases from north to south, while the oxidation degree increases from north to south, which can be explained by the different anthropogenic emissions and photochemical oxidation processes.
Cited articles
Aiuppa, A., Federico, C., Giudice, G., and Gurrieri, S.:
Chemical mapping of a fumarolic field: La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett.,
32, L13309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023207, 2005.
Aiuppa, A., Fischer, T. P., Plank, T., and Bani, P.:
CO2 flux emissions from the Earth's most actively degassing volcanoes, 2005–2015,
Sci. Rep.,
9, 5442, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41901-y, 2019.
Arellano, S., Galle, B., Mulina, K., Wallius, J., McCormick, B., Salem, L., D'aleo, R., Barry, P., and Itikarai, I.:
Report on volcanic plume measurements on volcanoes in Papua New Guinea,
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden,
available at: https://research.chalmers.se/publication/254380 (last access: 3 June 2021), 2017.
Beecken, J., Mellqvist, J., Salo, K., Ekholm, J., Jalkanen, J.-P., Johansson, L., Litvinenko, V., Volodin, K., and Frank-Kamenetsky, D. A.: Emission factors of SO2, NOx and particles from ships in Neva Bay from ground-based and helicopter-borne measurements and AIS-based modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5229–5241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5229-2015, 2015.
Carn, S., Fioletov, V., McLinden, C. A., Li, C., and Krotkov, N. A.:
A decade of global volcanic SO2 emissions measured from space,
Sci. Rep.,
7, 44095, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44095, 2017.
Chance, K. and Kurucz, R. L.:
An improved high-resolution solar reference spectrum for Earth's atmosphere measurements in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra.,
111, 1289–1295, 2010.
Chiodini, G., Caliro, S., Aiuppa, A., Avino, R., Granieri, D., Moretti, R., and Parello F.:
First 13C/12C isotopic characterisation of volcanic plume CO2,
B. Volcanol.,
73, 531–542, 2011.
de Moor, J. M., Stix, J., Avard, G., Muller, C., Corrales, E., Diaz, J. A., Alan, A., Brenes, J., Pacheco, J., Aiuppa, A., and Fischer, T. P.:
Insights on Hydrothermal-Magmatic Interactions and Eruptive Processes at Poás Volcano (Costa Rica) From High-Frequency Gas Monitoring and Drone Measurements,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
46, 1293–1302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl080301, 2019.
Edmonds, M., Herd, H., Galle, B., and Oppenheimer, C.:
Automated, high time-resolution measurements of SO2 flux at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies,
B. Volcanol.,
65, 578–586, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0286-x, 2003.
Faivre-Pierret, R., Martin, D., and Sabroux, J. C.:
Contribution des Sondes Aérologiques Motorisées à l'Etude de la Physico–Chimie des Panaches Volcaniques,
B. Volcanol.,
43, 473–485, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597686, 1980.
Fischer, T. P. and Chiodini, G.:
Volcanic, Magmatic and Hydrothermal Gas Discharges,
in: Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Elsevier Science Direct, 2nd edn., 779–797,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385938-9.00045-6, 2015.
Fischer, T. P. and Lopez, T. M.:
First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ13C of CO2 determinations,
Geophys Res. Lett.,
43, 3272–3279, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068499, 2016.
Fischer, T. P., Arellano, S., Carn, S., Aiuppa, A., Galle, B., Allard, P., Lopez, T., Shinohara, H., Kelly, P., Werner, C., Cardellini, C., and Chiodini, G.:
The emissions of CO2 and other volatiles from the world's subaerial volcanoes,
Sci. Rep.,
9, 18716, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54682-1, 2019.
Galle, B. and Arellano, S.: Volcanic gas measurements with drones on Manam Papua, Nya Guinea, Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Swedish National Data Service [data set], Version 1, https://doi.org/10.5878/q3wv-ty69, 2021.
Galle, B., Oppenheimer, C., Geyer, A., McGonigle, A., Edmonds, M., Horrocks, L.:
A miniaturised ultraviolet spectrometer for remote sensing of SO2 fluxes: a new tool for volcano surveillance,
J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
119, 241–254, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00356-6, 2003.
Galle, B., Johansson, M., Rivera, C., Zhang, Y., Kihlman, M., Kern, C., Lehmann, T., Platt, U., Arellano S., and Hidalgo, S.:
Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC)—A global network for volcanic gas monitoring: Network layout and instrument description,
J. Geophys. Res.,
115, D05304 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011823, 2010.
Gutmann, A., Bobrowski, N., Roberts, T. J., Rüdiger, J., and Hoffmann, T.:
Advances in Bromine Speciation in Volcanic Plumes,
Front. Earth Sci.,
6, 213, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00213, 2018.
Gutmann, A., Bobrowski, N., Liotta, M., and Hoffmann, T.: Bromine Speciation in Volcanic Plumes: New in-situ Derivatization LC-MS Method for the Determination of Gaseous Hydrogen Bromide by Gas Diffusion Denuder Sampling, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-357, in review, 2020.
James, M. R., Carr, B., D'Arcy, F., Diefenbach, A., Dietterich, H., Fornaciai, A., Lev, E., Liu, E., Pieri, D., Rodgers, M., Smets, B., Terada, A., von Aulock, F., Walter, T., Wood, K., and Zorn, E.:
Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges,
Volcanica,
3, 67–114. https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.03.01.67114, 2020.
Johansson, M.:
Application of Passive DOAS for Studies of Megacity Air Pollution and Volcanic Gas Emissions,
PhD thesis,
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 64 pp., 2009.
Johansson, M., Galle, B., Zhang, Y., Rivera, C., and Chen, D.:
The Dual-Beam technique – single instrument measurements of plume height and plume speed, B. Volcanol., 71, 747–751, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0260-8, 2009.
Johansson, M., Yang, Z., and Norgaard, D.:
MobileDOAS software v. 6.2,
available at: https://github.com/NOVACProject/MobileDOAS (last access: 4 June 2021), 2019.
Kelly, P. J., Kern, C., Roberts, T. J., Lopez, T., Werner, C., and Aiuppa, A.:
Rapid chemical evolution of tropospheric volcanic emissions from Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, based on observations of ozone and halogen-containing gases,
J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
259, 317–333, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVOLGEORES.2012.04.023, 2013.
Liu, E. J., Wood, K., Mason, E., Edmonds, M., Aiuppa, A., Giudice, G., Bitetto, M., Francofonte, V., Burrow, S., Richardson, T., Watson, M., Pering, T. D., Wilkes, T. C., McGonigle, A. J. S., Velasquez, G., Melgarejo, C., and Bucarey, C.:
Dynamics of outgassing and plume transport revealed by proximal unmanned aerial system (UAS) measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile,
Geochem. Geophy. Geosy.,
20, 730–750, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007692, 2019.
Liu, E., Aiuppa, A., Alan, A., Arellano, S., Bitetto, M., Bobrowski, N., Carn, S., Clarkes, R., Corrales, E., de Moor, J., Diaz, J., Edmonds, M., Fischer, T., Freer, J., Fricke, G., Galle, B., Gerdes, G., Giudice, G., Gutmann, A., Hayer, C., Itikarai, I., Jones, J., Mason, E., McCormick, B., Mulina, K., Nowicki, S., Rahilly, K., Richardson, T., Rüdiger, J., Schipper, I., Watson, I., and Woods, K.:
Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes,
Science Advances,
6, eabb9103, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9103, 2020.
Lucic, G., Stix, J., and Wing, B.:
Structural controls on the emission of magmatic carbon dioxide gas, Long Valley Caldera, USA,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol Ea.,
120, 2262–2278, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011760, 2015.
Lübcke, P., Bobrowski, N., Arellano, S., Galle, B., Garzón, G., Vogel, L., and Platt, U.:
Mandon, C., Christenson, B., Schipper, I., Seward, T., and Garaebiti, E.:
Metal transport in volcanic plumes: A case study at White Island and Yasur volcanoes,
J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
369, 155–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.11.024, 2019.
Marty, B. and Zimmermann, L.:
Volatiles (He, C, N, Ar) in mid-ocean ridge basalts: assessment of shallow-level fractionation and characterization of source composition,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
63, 3619–3633, 1999.
Mason, E., Edmonds, M., and Turchyn, A. V.:
Remobilization of crustal carbon may dominate volcanic arc emissions,
Science,
357, 290–294, 2017.
Mellqvist, J., Beecken, J., Conde, V., and Ekholm, J.:
Surveillance of Sulfur Emissions from Ships in Danish Waters, final report to Danish Environmnetal Protecion agency, https://doi.org/10.17196/DEPA.001, 2018.
Millán, M. M.:
Remote sensing of air pollutants. A study of some atmospheric scattering effects,
Atmos. Environ.,
14, 1241–1253, 1980.
Mori, T., Kazahaya, K., Ohwada, M., Hirabayashi, J., and Yoshikawa, S.:
Effect of UV scattering on SO2 emission rate measurements.
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
33, L17513, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026285, 2006.
Mori, T., Hashimoto, T., Terada, A., Yoshimoto, M., Kazahaya, R., Shinohara, H., and Tanaka, R.:
Volcanic plume measurements using a UAV for the 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption,
Earth Planets Space,
68, 49, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0418-0, 2016.
Pallas-Areny, R. and Webster, J. G.:
Sensors and Signal Conditioning,
Wiley, New York, 1991.
Platt, U. and Stutz, J.:
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, Principles and Applications,
Physics of Earth and Space Environments, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 597 pp., ISBN 978-3-540-75776-4, 2008.
Rizzo, A. L., Jost, H.-J., Caracausi, A., Paonita, A., Liotta, M., and Martelli, M.:
Real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of atmospheric and volcanic CO2 at Mount Etna (Italy),
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
41, 2382–2389, 2014.
Rizzo, A. L., Liuzzo, M., Ancellin, M. A., and Jost, H. J.:
Real-time measurements of δ13C, CO2 concentration, and
Roberts, T. J., Martin, R. S., and Jourdain, L.: Reactive bromine chemistry in Mount Etna's volcanic plume: the influence of total Br, high-temperature processing, aerosol loading and plume–air mixing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11201–11219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11201-2014, 2014.
Roberts, T. J., Lurton, T., Giudice, G., Liuzzo, M., Aiuppa, A., Coltelli, M., Vignelles, D., Salerno, G., Couté, B., Chartier, M., Baron, R., Saffell, J. R., and Scaillet, B.:
Validation of a novel Multi-Gas sensor for volcanic HCl alongside H2S and SO2 at Mt. Etna,
B. Volcanol.,
79, 11201–11219, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-017-1114-z, 2017.
Rüdiger, J., Bobrowski, N., Liotta, M., and Hoffmann, T.:
Development and application of a sampling method for the determination of reactive halogen species in volcanic gas emissions,
Anal. Bioanal. Chem.,
409, 5975–5985, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0525-1, 2017.
Rüdiger, J., Tirpitz, J.-L., de Moor, J. M., Bobrowski, N., Gutmann, A., Liuzzo, M., Ibarra, M., and Hoffmann, T.: Implementation of electrochemical, optical and denuder-based sensors and sampling techniques on UAV for volcanic gas measurements: examples from Masaya, Turrialba and Stromboli volcanoes, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2441–2457, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2441-2018, 2018.
Rüdiger, J., Gutmann, A., Bobrowski, N., Liotta, M., de Moor, J. M., Sander, R., Dinger, F., Tirpitz, J.-L., Ibarra, M., Saballos, A., Martínez, M., Mendoza, E., Ferrufino, A., Stix, J., Valdés, J., Castro, J. M., and Hoffmann, T.: Halogen activation in the plume of Masaya volcano: field observations and box model investigations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3371–3393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3371-2021, 2021.
Ryan, W. B. F., Carbotte, S. M., Coplan, J. O., O'Hara, S., Melkonian, A., Arko, R., Weissel, R. A., Ferrini, V., Goodwillie, A., Nitsche, F., Bonczkowski, J., and Zemsky, R.:
Global Multi-Resolution Topography synthesis,
Geochem. Geophy. Geosy.,
10, Q03014, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002332, 2009.
Sano, Y. and Marty, B.:
Origin of carbon in fumarolic gas from island arcs,
Chem. Geol.,
119, 265–274, 1995.
Sano, Y. and Williams, S. N.:
Fluxes of mantle and subducted carbon along convergent plate boundaries,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
23, 2749–2752, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL02260, 1996.
Schellenberg, B., Richardson, T., Watson, M., Greatwood, C., Clarke, R., Thomas, R., Wood, K., Freer, J., Thomas, H., Liu, E., Salama, F., and Chigna, G.:
Remote sensing and identification of volcanic plumes using fixed-wing UAVs over Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala,
J. Field Robot., 36, 1192—1211,
https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.21896, 2019.
Sharp, Z. D.:
Principles of Stable Isoptope Geochemistry,
Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 344 pp., 2007.
Shinohara, H.:
A new technique to estimate volcanic gas composition: plume measurements with a portable multi-sensor system,
J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
143, 319–333, 2005.
Stix, J., de Moor, J. M., Rüdiger, J., Alan, A., Corrales, E., D'Arcy, F., Diaz, J. A., and Liotta, M.:
Using Drones and Miniaturized Instrumentation to Study Degassing at Turrialba and Masaya Volcanoes, Central America,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea.,
123, 6501–6520, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb015655, 2018.
Stoiber, R., Malinconico Jr., L., Williams, S. N.:
Use of the correlation spectrometer at volcanoes,
in: Forecasting Volcanic Events. Developments in Volcanology,
edited by: Tazieff, H. and Sabroux, J. C.,
Elsevier Science Publisher, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 425-444, 1983.
Syahbana, D. K., Kasbani, K., Suantika, G., Prambada, O., Andreas, A. S., Saing, U. B., Kunrat, S. L., Andreastuti, S., Martanto, M., Kriswati, E., Suparman, Y., Humaida, H., Ogburn, S., Kelly, P. J., Wellik, J., Wright, H. M. N., Pesicek, J. D., Wessels, R., Kern, C., Lisowski, M., Diefenbach, A., Poland, M., Beauducel, F., Pallister, J., Vaughan, R. G., and Lowenstern, J. B.:
The 2017–19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption,
Sci. Rep.,
9, 8848, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45295-9, 2019.
Textor, C., Graf, H.-F., Timmreck, C., and Robock, A. (Eds.):
Emissions from volcanoes: Emissions of Atmospheric Trace Compounds, Advances in Global Change Research, 18,
Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2004.
Vandaele, A. C., Simon, P. C., Guilmot, J. M., Carleer, M., and Colin, R.:
SO2 Absorption cross-section measurement in the UV using a Fourier transform spectrometer,
J. Geophys. Res.,
99, 25599–25605, 1994.
van Geldern, R., Nowak, M. E., Zimmer, M., Szizybalski, A., Myrttinen, A., Barth, J. A., and Jost, H. J.:
Field-based stable isotope analysis of carbon dioxide by mid-infrared laser spectroscopy for carbon capture and storage monitoring,
Anal. Chem.,
86, 12191–12198, 2014.
Venzke, E. (Ed.):
Volcanoes of the World v. 4.8.3., Global_Volcanism_Program, Manam (251020),
Smithsonian Institution, https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-2013, 2013.
Villa, T. F., Gonzalez, F., Miljievic, B., Ristovski, Z. D., and Morawska, L:
An Overview of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Air Quality Measurements: Present Applications and Future Prospectives,
Sensors, 16, 1072, https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071072, 2016.
Voigt, S., Orphal, J., Bogumil, K., and Burrows, J. P.:
The temperature dependence (203–293 K) of the absorption cross sections of O3 in the 230–850 nm region measured by Fourier-Transform spectroscopy,
J. Photoch. Photobio. A,
143, 1–9, 2001.
Wagner, W. and Pruß, A.:
The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data,
31, 387–535, 2002.
Short summary
Measurements of volcanic gases are important for geophysical research, risk assessment and environmental impact studies. Some gases, like SO2 and BrO, may be studied from the ground at a safe distance using remote sensing techniques. Many other gases require in situ access to the gas plume. Here, a drone may be an attractive alternative. This paper describes a drone specially adapted for volcanic gas studies and demonstrates its use in a field campaign at Manam volcano in Papua New Guinea.
Measurements of volcanic gases are important for geophysical research, risk assessment and...
