Articles | Volume 6, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1041-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1041-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Apr 2013
Research article |
| 19 Apr 2013
Application of linear polarized light for the discrimination of frozen and liquid droplets in ice nucleation experiments
T. Clauss
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
A. Kiselev
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
S. Hartmann
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
S. Augustin
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
S. Pfeifer
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
D. Niedermeier
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
F. Stratmann
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Heike Wex, Lin Huang, Wendy Zhang, Hayley Hung, Rita Traversi, Silvia Becagli, Rebecca J. Sheesley, Claire E. Moffett, Tate E. Barrett, Rossana Bossi, Henrik Skov, Anja Hünerbein, Jasmin Lubitz, Mareike Löffler, Olivia Linke, Markus Hartmann, Paul Herenz, and Frank Stratmann
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We found an annual cycle for ice-nucleating particles in the Arctic. These particles are important for Arctic clouds, as they can change the lifetime of clouds. We suggest that higher concentrations of these particles in summertime originate from the Arctic biosphere (both marine and terrestrial). With a warming Arctic, these concentrations may increase further, influencing aerosol–cloud interactions and therewith the observed strong warming of the Arctic.
Naruki Hiranuma, Kouji Adachi, David M. Bell, Franco Belosi, Hassan Beydoun, Bhaskar Bhaduri, Heinz Bingemer, Carsten Budke, Hans-Christian Clemen, Franz Conen, Kimberly M. Cory, Joachim Curtius, Paul J. DeMott, Oliver Eppers, Sarah Grawe, Susan Hartmann, Nadine Hoffmann, Kristina Höhler, Evelyn Jantsch, Alexei Kiselev, Thomas Koop, Gourihar Kulkarni, Amelie Mayer, Masataka Murakami, Benjamin J. Murray, Alessia Nicosia, Markus D. Petters, Matteo Piazza, Michael Polen, Naama Reicher, Yinon Rudich, Atsushi Saito, Gianni Santachiara, Thea Schiebel, Gregg P. Schill, Johannes Schneider, Lior Segev, Emiliano Stopelli, Ryan C. Sullivan, Kaitlyn Suski, Miklós Szakáll, Takuya Tajiri, Hans Taylor, Yutaka Tobo, Romy Ullrich, Daniel Weber, Heike Wex, Thomas F. Whale, Craig L. Whiteside, Katsuya Yamashita, Alla Zelenyuk, and Ottmar Möhler
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Paul Herenz, Heike Wex, Alexander Mangold, Quentin Laffineur, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Zoë L. Fleming, Marios Panagi, and Frank Stratmann
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Sarah Grawe, Stefanie Augustin-Bauditz, Hans-Christian Clemen, Martin Ebert, Stine Eriksen Hammer, Jasmin Lubitz, Naama Reicher, Yinon Rudich, Johannes Schneider, Robert Staacke, Frank Stratmann, André Welti, and Heike Wex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13903–13923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13903-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13903-2018, 2018
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Paul Herenz, Heike Wex, Silvia Henning, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, Florian Rubach, Anja Roth, Stephan Borrmann, Heiko Bozem, Hannes Schulz, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4477–4496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4477-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4477-2018, 2018
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Jie Chen, Zhijun Wu, Stefanie Augustin-Bauditz, Sarah Grawe, Markus Hartmann, Xiangyu Pei, Zirui Liu, Dongsheng Ji, and Heike Wex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3523–3539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3523-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3523-2018, 2018
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Anja Costa, Jessica Meyer, Armin Afchine, Anna Luebke, Gebhard Günther, James R. Dorsey, Martin W. Gallagher, Andre Ehrlich, Manfred Wendisch, Darrel Baumgardner, Heike Wex, and Martina Krämer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12219–12238, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12219-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12219-2017, 2017
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Monika Burkert-Kohn, Heike Wex, André Welti, Susan Hartmann, Sarah Grawe, Lisa Hellner, Paul Herenz, James D. Atkinson, Frank Stratmann, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11683–11705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11683-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11683-2017, 2017
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Several instruments can investigate properties of ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which are crucial to understanding ice cloud formation. We intercompare four online ice nucleation counters and reasonable agreement is found when the same ice nucleation mode is tested. A variable scaling factor was necessary to reconcile condensation freezing results with immersion freezing. Factors related to instrumental setup and aerosol generation are discussed to explain observed differences.
Heike Wex, Katrin Dieckmann, Greg C. Roberts, Thomas Conrath, Miguel A. Izaguirre, Susan Hartmann, Paul Herenz, Michael Schäfer, Florian Ditas, Tina Schmeissner, Silvia Henning, Birgit Wehner, Holger Siebert, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14107–14130, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14107-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14107-2016, 2016
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Aerosol arriving in the eastern Caribbean after passing the Atlantic is characterized, based on ground-based and airborne measurements. We describe the repetitive occurrence of three different types of air masses and relate them to their origin from either Africa or the Atlantic and also draw conclusions about the particle composition. The length of the data series is unprecedented. By a comparison with other studies, we also suggest that the organic fraction in the aerosol depends on season.
Sarah Grawe, Stefanie Augustin-Bauditz, Susan Hartmann, Lisa Hellner, Jan B. C. Pettersson, Andrea Prager, Frank Stratmann, and Heike Wex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13911–13928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13911-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13911-2016, 2016
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In this study the freezing behavior of ash particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets was investigated. It was found that ash from coal burning initiates freezing well above the limit for homogeneous ice nucleation and may contribute to cloud glaciation and precipitation formation on a regional scale. Furthermore, the experimental results were influenced by a change in sample preparation and/or particle generation which must be accounted for when comparing to previous studies.
Sarvesh Garimella, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, Karolina Ignatius, Andre Welti, Jens Voigtländer, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Frank Sagan, Gregory Lee Kok, James Dorsey, Leonid Nichman, Daniel Alexander Rothenberg, Michael Rösch, Amélie Catharina Ruth Kirchgäßner, Russell Ladkin, Heike Wex, Theodore W. Wilson, Luis Antonio Ladino, Jon P. D. Abbatt, Olaf Stetzer, Ulrike Lohmann, Frank Stratmann, and Daniel James Cziczo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2781–2795, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016, 2016
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The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nuclei counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. This study characterizes the SPIN chamber, reporting data from laboratory measurements and quantifying uncertainties. Overall, we report that the SPIN is able to reproduce previous CFDC ice nucleation measurements.
Karoliina Ignatius, Thomas B. Kristensen, Emma Järvinen, Leonid Nichman, Claudia Fuchs, Hamish Gordon, Paul Herenz, Christopher R. Hoyle, Jonathan Duplissy, Sarvesh Garimella, Antonio Dias, Carla Frege, Niko Höppel, Jasmin Tröstl, Robert Wagner, Chao Yan, Antonio Amorim, Urs Baltensperger, Joachim Curtius, Neil M. Donahue, Martin W. Gallagher, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Antonio Tomé, Annele Virtanen, Douglas Worsnop, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6495–6509, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6495-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6495-2016, 2016
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Viscous solid or semi-solid secondary organic aerosol (SOA) may influence cloud properties through ice nucleation in the atmosphere. Here, we observed heterogeneous ice nucleation of viscous α-pinene SOA at temperatures between −39 °C and −37.2 °C with ice saturation ratios significantly below the homogeneous freezing limit. Global modelling suggests that viscous biogenic SOA are present in regions where cirrus formation takes place and could contribute to the global ice nuclei budget.
Stefanie Augustin-Bauditz, Heike Wex, Cyrielle Denjean, Susan Hartmann, Johannes Schneider, Susann Schmidt, Martin Ebert, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5531–5543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5531-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5531-2016, 2016
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In this study, we mixed a pure mineral dust sample with ice active biological material and quantified the immersion freezing behavior of the resulting particles utilizing the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS). Furthermore, we used different methods to investigate the mixing state of our generated aerosol.
We found that internally mixed particles, containing ice active biological material, follow the ice nucleation behavior observed for the pure biological particles.
Emma Järvinen, Karoliina Ignatius, Leonid Nichman, Thomas B. Kristensen, Claudia Fuchs, Christopher R. Hoyle, Niko Höppel, Joel C. Corbin, Jill Craven, Jonathan Duplissy, Sebastian Ehrhart, Imad El Haddad, Carla Frege, Hamish Gordon, Tuija Jokinen, Peter Kallinger, Jasper Kirkby, Alexei Kiselev, Karl-Heinz Naumann, Tuukka Petäjä, Tamara Pinterich, Andre S. H. Prevot, Harald Saathoff, Thea Schiebel, Kamalika Sengupta, Mario Simon, Jay G. Slowik, Jasmin Tröstl, Annele Virtanen, Paul Vochezer, Steffen Vogt, Andrea C. Wagner, Robert Wagner, Christina Williamson, Paul M. Winkler, Chao Yan, Urs Baltensperger, Neil M. Donahue, Rick C. Flagan, Martin Gallagher, Armin Hansel, Markku Kulmala, Frank Stratmann, Douglas R. Worsnop, Ottmar Möhler, Thomas Leisner, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4423–4438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4423-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4423-2016, 2016
Leonid Nichman, Claudia Fuchs, Emma Järvinen, Karoliina Ignatius, Niko Florian Höppel, Antonio Dias, Martin Heinritzi, Mario Simon, Jasmin Tröstl, Andrea Christine Wagner, Robert Wagner, Christina Williamson, Chao Yan, Paul James Connolly, James Robert Dorsey, Jonathan Duplissy, Sebastian Ehrhart, Carla Frege, Hamish Gordon, Christopher Robert Hoyle, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, Gerhard Steiner, Neil McPherson Donahue, Richard Flagan, Martin William Gallagher, Jasper Kirkby, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Frank Stratmann, and António Tomé
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3651–3664, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3651-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3651-2016, 2016
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Processes in the atmosphere are often governed by the physical and chemical properties of small cloud particles. Ice, water, and mixed clouds, as well as viscous aerosols, were formed under controlled conditions at the CLOUD-CERN facility. The experimental results show a link between cloud particle properties and their unique optical fingerprints. The classification map presented here allows easier discrimination between various particles such as viscous organic aerosol, salt, ice, and liquid.
Thomas B. Kristensen, Thomas Müller, Konrad Kandler, Nathalie Benker, Markus Hartmann, Joseph M. Prospero, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2675–2688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2675-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2675-2016, 2016
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We have investigated the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties in the trade wind marine boundary layer of the western North Atlantic during the dust season. Little is known about the CCN influencing cloud optical properties in that region. High mass concentrations of mineral dust were observed, but the number concentrations of mineral dust and sea salt were not high enough to influence CCN properties, and the CCN were likely to be dominated by a mixture of sulfates and organic species.
B. G. Pummer, C. Budke, S. Augustin-Bauditz, D. Niedermeier, L. Felgitsch, C. J. Kampf, R. G. Huber, K. R. Liedl, T. Loerting, T. Moschen, M. Schauperl, M. Tollinger, C. E. Morris, H. Wex, H. Grothe, U. Pöschl, T. Koop, and J. Fröhlich-Nowoisky
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4077–4091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4077-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4077-2015, 2015
N. Hiranuma, S. Augustin-Bauditz, H. Bingemer, C. Budke, J. Curtius, A. Danielczok, K. Diehl, K. Dreischmeier, M. Ebert, F. Frank, N. Hoffmann, K. Kandler, A. Kiselev, T. Koop, T. Leisner, O. Möhler, B. Nillius, A. Peckhaus, D. Rose, S. Weinbruch, H. Wex, Y. Boose, P. J. DeMott, J. D. Hader, T. C. J. Hill, Z. A. Kanji, G. Kulkarni, E. J. T. Levin, C. S. McCluskey, M. Murakami, B. J. Murray, D. Niedermeier, M. D. Petters, D. O'Sullivan, A. Saito, G. P. Schill, T. Tajiri, M. A. Tolbert, A. Welti, T. F. Whale, T. P. Wright, and K. Yamashita
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2489–2518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2489-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2489-2015, 2015
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Seventeen ice nucleation measurement techniques contributed to investigate the immersion freezing behavior of illite NX. All data showed a similar temperature trend, but the measured ice nucleation activity was on average smaller for the wet suspended samples and higher for the dry-dispersed aerosol samples at high temperatures. A continued investigation and collaboration is necessary to obtain further insights into consistency or diversity of ice nucleation measurements.
H. Wex, S. Augustin-Bauditz, Y. Boose, C. Budke, J. Curtius, K. Diehl, A. Dreyer, F. Frank, S. Hartmann, N. Hiranuma, E. Jantsch, Z. A. Kanji, A. Kiselev, T. Koop, O. Möhler, D. Niedermeier, B. Nillius, M. Rösch, D. Rose, C. Schmidt, I. Steinke, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1463–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1463-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1463-2015, 2015
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Immersion freezing measurements from seven different measurement techniques were intercompared using a biological ice nucleating material from bacteria. Although different techniques examined differently concentrated droplets, it was possible to find a uniform description, which showed that results from all experiments were generally in good agreement and were also in agreement with parameterizations published earlier in literature.
M. Sipilä, T. Jokinen, T. Berndt, S. Richters, R. Makkonen, N. M. Donahue, R. L. Mauldin III, T. Kurtén, P. Paasonen, N. Sarnela, M. Ehn, H. Junninen, M. P. Rissanen, J. Thornton, F. Stratmann, H. Herrmann, D. R. Worsnop, M. Kulmala, V.-M. Kerminen, and T. Petäjä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12143–12153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12143-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12143-2014, 2014
L. P. Schenk, S. Mertes, U. Kästner, F. Frank, B. Nillius, U. Bundke, D. Rose, S. Schmidt, J. Schneider, A. Worringen, K. Kandler, N. Bukowiecki, M. Ebert, J. Curtius, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-10585-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-10585-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
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A pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI) was set up to separate ice nucleating particle (INP) counter produced ice particles that had been activated to ice from non-activated aerosol particles. The released INP were characterized with regard to their physico-chemical properties. A successful separation (PCVI) of INP for water-subsaturated conditions is proven. First results of INP properties are presented which were gained during a campaign at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch.
S. Henning, K. Dieckmann, K. Ignatius, M. Schäfer, P. Zedler, E. Harris, B. Sinha, D. van Pinxteren, S. Mertes, W. Birmili, M. Merkel, Z. Wu, A. Wiedensohler, H. Wex, H. Herrmann, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7859–7868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7859-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7859-2014, 2014
H. Wex, P. J. DeMott, Y. Tobo, S. Hartmann, M. Rösch, T. Clauss, L. Tomsche, D. Niedermeier, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5529–5546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5529-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5529-2014, 2014
S. Pfeifer, W. Birmili, A. Schladitz, T. Müller, A. Nowak, and A. Wiedensohler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 95–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-95-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-95-2014, 2014
S. Augustin, H. Wex, D. Niedermeier, B. Pummer, H. Grothe, S. Hartmann, L. Tomsche, T. Clauss, J. Voigtländer, K. Ignatius, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10989–11003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10989-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10989-2013, 2013
Z. J. Wu, L. Poulain, S. Henning, K. Dieckmann, W. Birmili, M. Merkel, D. van Pinxteren, G. Spindler, K. Müller, F. Stratmann, H. Herrmann, and A. Wiedensohler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7983–7996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7983-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7983-2013, 2013
S. Hartmann, S. Augustin, T. Clauss, H. Wex, T. Šantl-Temkiv, J. Voigtländer, D. Niedermeier, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5751–5766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5751-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5751-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Clouds | Technique: Laboratory Measurement | Topic: Instruments and Platforms
Calibration of Optical Particle Spectrometers Using Mounted Fibres
Comment on “A universally applicable method of calculating confidence bands for ice nucleation spectra derived from droplet freezing experiments” by Fahy et al. (2022)
Icing wind tunnel measurements of supercooled large droplets using the 12 mm total water content cone of the Nevzorov probe
The Microfluidic Ice Nuclei Counter Zürich (MINCZ): a platform for homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation
Effects of the large-scale circulation on temperature and water vapor distributions in the Π Chamber
Photoacoustic hygrometer for icing wind tunnel water content measurement: design, analysis, and intercomparison
SPIN modification for low-temperature experiments
Characterization and first results from LACIS-T: a moist-air wind tunnel to study aerosol–cloud–turbulence interactions
Low-temperature triple-capillary cryostat for ice crystal growth studies
A high-speed particle phase discriminator (PPD-HS) for the classification of airborne particles, as tested in a continuous flow diffusion chamber
The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): an instrument to investigate ice nucleation
BINARY: an optical freezing array for assessing temperature and time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation
Experimental quantification of contact freezing in an electrodynamic balance
Jessica Girdwood, Harry Ballington, Chris Stopford, Rob Lewis, and Evelyn Hesse
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-55, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-55, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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Optical particle spectrometers (OPSs) are a class of instruments, commonly used for measurement of particle size distributions, which require calibration. Conventionally, this is performed using a known aerosol source, which has reliability issues. In this paper, we present a technique for OPS calibration which involves placing objects in the instrument, which generate a known response. The fibre calibration was more reliable when the technique was compared with a conventional calibration.
Gabor Vali
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4303–4306, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4303-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4303-2023, 2023
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Different methods for the calculation of nucleation spectra from drop-freezing experiments are discussed as the choice of data processing reflects on underlying principles.
Johannes Lucke, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Romy Heller, Valerian Hahn, Matthew Hamman, Wolfgang Breitfuss, Venkateshwar Reddy Bora, Manuel Moser, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7375–7394, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7375-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7375-2022, 2022
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Flight testing in icing conditions requires instruments that are able to accurately measure the liquid water content of supercooled large droplets (SLDs). This work finds that the 12 mm cone of the Nevzorov hot-wire probe has excellent collection properties for SLDs. We also derive a correction to compensate for the low collision efficiency of small droplets with the cone. The results provide a procedure to evaluate LWC measurements of the 12 mm cone during wind tunnel and airborne experiments.
Florin N. Isenrich, Nadia Shardt, Michael Rösch, Julia Nette, Stavros Stavrakis, Claudia Marcolli, Zamin A. Kanji, Andrew J. deMello, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5367–5381, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5367-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5367-2022, 2022
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Ice nucleation in the atmosphere influences cloud properties and lifetimes. Microfluidic instruments have recently been used to investigate ice nucleation, but these instruments are typically made out of a polymer that contributes to droplet instability over extended timescales and relatively high temperature uncertainty. To address these drawbacks, we develop and validate a new microfluidic instrument that uses fluoropolymer tubing to extend droplet stability and improve temperature accuracy.
Jesse C. Anderson, Subin Thomas, Prasanth Prabhakaran, Raymond A. Shaw, and Will Cantrell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5473–5485, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5473-2021, 2021
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Fluctuations due to turbulence in Earth's atmosphere can play a role in how many droplets a cloud has and, eventually, whether that cloud rains or evaporates. We study such processes in Michigan Tech's cloud chamber. Here, we characterize the turbulent and large-scale motions of air in the chamber, measuring the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature and water vapor, which we can combine to get the distribution of relative humidity, which governs cloud formation and dissipation.
Benjamin Lang, Wolfgang Breitfuss, Simon Schweighart, Philipp Breitegger, Hugo Pervier, Andreas Tramposch, Andreas Klug, Wolfgang Hassler, and Alexander Bergmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2477–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2477-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2477-2021, 2021
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This work describes the design, calibration, and application of a hygrometer and sampling system, which have been developed and used for water content measurement in experimentally simulated atmospheric icing conditions with relevance in fundamental icing research as well as aviation testing and certification. Together with a general description of water content measurement and accompanying uncertainties, the results of a comparison to reference instruments in an icing wind tunnel are presented.
André Welti, Kimmo Korhonen, Pasi Miettinen, Ana A. Piedehierro, Yrjö Viisanen, Annele Virtanen, and Ari Laaksonen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 7059–7067, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-7059-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-7059-2020, 2020
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We describe a modification of the SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) chamber to study ice nucleation at low temperatures, relevant for ice formation in cirrus clouds. Validation experiments of homogeneous freezing of aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets and heterogeneous ice nucleation on silver iodide particles are included to demonstrate the advantages of the modified SPIN chamber for the investigation of ice nucleation in the extended temperature range.
Dennis Niedermeier, Jens Voigtländer, Silvio Schmalfuß, Daniel Busch, Jörg Schumacher, Raymond A. Shaw, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2015–2033, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2015-2020, 2020
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In this paper, we present the new moist-air wind tunnel LACIS-T (Turbulent Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator). It is used to study cloud physical processes in general and interactions between turbulence and cloud microphysical processes in particular. The operating principle of LACIS-T is explained, and the first results are depicted from deliquescence and droplet formation experiments observing clear indications on the effect of turbulence on these microphysical processes.
Brian D. Swanson and Jon Nelson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6143–6152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6143-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6143-2019, 2019
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We have built a triple-capillary cryostat designed to reduce potential instrumental effects that may have influenced earlier measurements and to improve our understanding of the processes responsible for ice crystal shapes and sizes. In this cryostat, a crystal forms on one of three well-separated and ultrafine capillaries. In this paper we describe the new instrument and present several observations made using the instrument to illustrate the instrument's advantages.
Fabian Mahrt, Jörg Wieder, Remo Dietlicher, Helen R. Smith, Chris Stopford, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3183–3208, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3183-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3183-2019, 2019
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A new instrument, the High Speed Particle Phase Discriminator (PPD-HS), is presented, with the goal of quantifying liquid and ice fraction in conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds. PPD-HS captures the near-forward spatial intensity distribution of scattered light on a single particle basis. Symmetry analysis of the scattering pattern is used to determine the shape of the particles, with cloud droplets and ice crystals producing symmetrical and asymmetrical scattering patterns, respectively.
Sarvesh Garimella, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, Karolina Ignatius, Andre Welti, Jens Voigtländer, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Frank Sagan, Gregory Lee Kok, James Dorsey, Leonid Nichman, Daniel Alexander Rothenberg, Michael Rösch, Amélie Catharina Ruth Kirchgäßner, Russell Ladkin, Heike Wex, Theodore W. Wilson, Luis Antonio Ladino, Jon P. D. Abbatt, Olaf Stetzer, Ulrike Lohmann, Frank Stratmann, and Daniel James Cziczo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2781–2795, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016, 2016
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The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nuclei counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. This study characterizes the SPIN chamber, reporting data from laboratory measurements and quantifying uncertainties. Overall, we report that the SPIN is able to reproduce previous CFDC ice nucleation measurements.
C. Budke and T. Koop
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 689–703, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-689-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-689-2015, 2015
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A new optical freezing array for the study of heterogeneous ice nucleation in microliter-sized droplets is introduced, tested and applied to the study of immersion freezing in aqueous Snomax suspensions. Using different cooling rates, a small time dependence of ice nucleation induced by two different classes of ice nucleators was detected and the corresponding heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient was quantified.
N. Hoffmann, A. Kiselev, D. Rzesanke, D. Duft, and T. Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2373–2382, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2373-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2373-2013, 2013
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