Articles | Volume 19, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-5587-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-5587-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Sep 2026
Research article |
| 03 Sep 2026
| 03 Sep 2026
Evaluation of smoke mass concentration within the PBL based on observations of fluorescence lidar with several discreet channels
Igor Veselovskii
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Vavilova str. 38, Moscow, Russia
Mikhail Korenskiy
Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Vavilova str. 38, Moscow, Russia
Boris Barchunov
Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Vavilova str. 38, Moscow, Russia
Nikita Kasianik
Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Vavilova str. 38, Moscow, Russia
Qiaoyun Hu
Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 – LOA – Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59650 Lille, France
Philippe Goloub
Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 – LOA – Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59650 Lille, France
Thierry Podvin
Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 – LOA – Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59650 Lille, France
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Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1603–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1603-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1603-2025, 2025
Short summary
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A fluorescence lidar was used to study transported Canadian smoke in May–September 2023. The fluorescence measurements were taken at five wavelengths. The results revealed that fluorescence capacity increases with altitude, suggesting a higher concentration of organic compounds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere than in the lower troposphere. The fluorescence spectra peaked in the 513 and 560 nm channels in smoke layers but decreased with wavelength in urban aerosols.
Pierre Tulet, Joel Van Baelen, Pierre Bosser, Jérome Brioude, Aurélie Colomb, Philippe Goloub, Andrea Pazmino, Thierry Portafaix, Michel Ramonet, Karine Sellegri, Melilotus Thyssen, Léa Gest, Nicolas Marquestaut, Dominique Mékiès, Jean-Marc Metzger, Gilles Athier, Luc Blarel, Marc Delmotte, Guillaume Desprairies, Mérédith Dournaux, Gaël Dubois, Valentin Duflot, Kevin Lamy, Lionel Gardes, Jean-François Guillemot, Valérie Gros, Joanna Kolasinski, Morgan Lopez, Olivier Magand, Erwan Noury, Manuel Nunes-Pinharanda, Guillaume Payen, Joris Pianezze, David Picard, Olivier Picard, Sandrine Prunier, François Rigaud-Louise, Michael Sicard, and Benjamin Torres
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The MAP-IO program aims to compensate for the lack of atmospheric and oceanographic observations in the Southern Ocean by equipping the ship Marion Dufresne with a set of 17 scientific instruments. This program collected 700 d of measurements under different latitudes, seasons, sea states, and weather conditions. These new data will support the calibration and validation of numerical models and the understanding of the atmospheric composition of this region of Earth.
Igor Veselovskii, Boris Barchunov, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, Mikhail Korenskii, Gaël Dubois, William Boissiere, and Nikita Kasianik
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4137–4152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4137-2024, 2024
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The paper presents a new method that categorizes atmospheric aerosols by analyzing their optical properties with a Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar. The research specifically looks into understanding the presence of smoke, urban, and dust aerosols in the mixtures identified by this lidar. The reliability of the results is evaluated using the Monte Carlo technique. The effectiveness of this approach is successfully demonstrated through testing in ATOLL, an observatory influenced by diverse aerosols.
Robin Miri, Olivier Pujol, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Igor Veselovskii, Thierry Podvin, and Fabrice Ducos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3367–3375, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3367-2024, 2024
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This paper focuses on the use of fluorescence to study aerosols with lidar. An innovative method for aerosol hygroscopic growth study using fluorescence is presented. The paper presents case studies to showcase the effectiveness and potential of the proposed approach. These advancements will contribute to better understanding the interactions between aerosols and water vapor, with future work expected to be dedicated to aerosol–cloud interaction.
Maria Fernanda Sanchez Barrero, Ioana Elisabeta Popovici, Philippe Goloub, Stephane Victori, Qiaoyun Hu, Benjamin Torres, Thierry Podvin, Luc Blarel, Gaël Dubois, Fabrice Ducos, Eric Bourrianne, Aliaksandr Lapionak, Lelia Proniewski, Brent Holben, David Matthew Giles, and Anthony LaRosa
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This study showcases the use of a compact elastic lidar to monitor aerosols aboard moving platforms. By coupling dual-wavelength and depolarization measurements with photometer data, we studied aerosols during events of Saharan dust and smoke transport. Our research, conducted in various scenarios, not only validated our methods but also offered insights into the atmospheric dynamics near active fires. This study aids future research to fill observational gaps in aerosol monitoring.
Alkistis Papetta, Franco Marenco, Maria Kezoudi, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Holger Baars, Ioana Elisabeta Popovici, Philippe Goloub, Stéphane Victori, and Jean Sciare
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1721–1738, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1721-2024, 2024
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We propose a method to determine depolarization parameters using observations from a reference instrument at a nearby location, needed for systems where a priori knowledge of cross-talk parameters is not available. It uses three-parameter equations to compare VDR between two co-located lidars at dust and molecular layers. It can be applied retrospectively to existing data acquired during campaigns. Its application to Cimel CE376 corrected VDR bias at high- and low-depolarizing layers.
Igor Veselovskii, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, William Boissiere, Mikhail Korenskiy, Nikita Kasianik, Sergey Khaykyn, and Robin Miri
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1023–1036, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1023-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1023-2024, 2024
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Measurements of transported smoke layers were performed with a lidar in Lille and a five-channel fluorescence lidar in Moscow. Results show the peak of fluorescence in the boundary layer is at 438 nm, while in the smoke layer it shifts to longer wavelengths. The fluorescence depolarization is 45 % to 55 %. The depolarization ratio of the water vapor channel is low (2 ± 0.5 %) in the absence of fluorescence and can be used to evaluate the contribution of fluorescence to water vapor signal.
Igor Veselovskii, Nikita Kasianik, Mikhail Korenskii, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, and Dong Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2055–2065, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2055-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2055-2023, 2023
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A five-channel fluorescence lidar was developed for the study of atmospheric aerosol. The fluorescence spectrum induced by 355 nm laser emission is analyzed in five spectral intervals, namely 438 and 29, 472 and 32, 513 and 29, 560 and 40, and 614 and 54 nm. This lidar system was operated during strong forest fires. Our results demonstrate that, for urban aerosol, the maximal fluorescence backscattering is observed at 472 nm, while for smoke, the spectrum is shifted toward longer wavelengths.
Igor Veselovskii, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, Boris Barchunov, and Mikhail Korenskii
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4881–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4881-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4881-2022, 2022
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An approach to reveal variability in aerosol type at a high spatiotemporal resolution, by combining fluorescence and Mie–Raman lidar data, is presented. We applied this new classification scheme to lidar data obtained by LOA, University of Lille, in 2020–2021. It is demonstrated that the separation of the main particle types, such as smoke, dust, pollen, and urban, can be performed with a height resolution of 60 m and temporal resolution better than 10 min for the current lidar configuration.
Kevin Ohneiser, Albert Ansmann, Bernd Kaifler, Alexandra Chudnovsky, Boris Barja, Daniel A. Knopf, Natalie Kaifler, Holger Baars, Patric Seifert, Diego Villanueva, Cristofer Jimenez, Martin Radenz, Ronny Engelmann, Igor Veselovskii, and Félix Zamorano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7417–7442, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022, 2022
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We present and discuss 2 years of long-term lidar observations of the largest stratospheric perturbation by wildfire smoke ever observed. The smoke originated from the record-breaking Australian fires in 2019–2020 and affects climate conditions and even the ozone layer in the Southern Hemisphere. The obvious link between dense smoke occurrence in the stratosphere and strong ozone depletion found in the Arctic and in the Antarctic in 2020 can be regarded as a new aspect of climate change.
Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Igor Veselovskii, and Thierry Podvin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5399–5414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5399-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5399-2022, 2022
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Our lidar observations show that the optical properties of wildfire smoke particles are highly varied after long-range transport. The variabilities are probably relevant to vegetation type, combustion condition and the aging process, which alter the smoke particle properties, as well as their impact on cloud processes and properties. The lidar fluorescence channel provides a good opportunity for smoke characterization and heterogenous ice crystal formation.
Igor Veselovskii, Qiaoyun Hu, Albert Ansmann, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, and Mikhail Korenskiy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5209–5221, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5209-2022, 2022
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A remote sensing method based on fluorescence lidar measurements can detect and quantify the smoke content in the upper troposphere and inside cirrus clouds. Based on two case studies, we demonstrate that the fluorescence lidar technique provides the possibility to estimate the smoke surface area concentration within freshly formed cirrus layers. This value was used in a smoke ice nucleating particle parameterization scheme to predict ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus generation cells.
Kevin Ohneiser, Albert Ansmann, Alexandra Chudnovsky, Ronny Engelmann, Christoph Ritter, Igor Veselovskii, Holger Baars, Henriette Gebauer, Hannes Griesche, Martin Radenz, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Sandro Dahlke, and Marion Maturilli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15783–15808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021, 2021
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The highlight of the lidar measurements during the 1-year MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition of the German icebreaker Polarstern (October 2019–October 2020) was the detection of a persistent, 10 km deep Siberian wildfire smoke layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) from about 7–8 km to 17–18 km height that could potentially have impacted the record-breaking ozone depletion over the Arctic in the spring of 2020.
Ronny Engelmann, Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Hannes Griesche, Martin Radenz, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Sandro Dahlke, Marion Maturilli, Igor Veselovskii, Cristofer Jimenez, Robert Wiesen, Holger Baars, Johannes Bühl, Henriette Gebauer, Moritz Haarig, Patric Seifert, Ulla Wandinger, and Andreas Macke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13397–13423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13397-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13397-2021, 2021
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A Raman lidar was operated aboard the icebreaker Polarstern during MOSAiC and monitored aerosol and cloud layers in the central Arctic up to 30 km height. The article provides an overview of the spectrum of aerosol profiling observations and shows aerosol–cloud interaction studies for liquid-water and ice clouds. A highlight was the detection of a 10 km deep wildfire smoke layer over the North Pole up to 17 km height from the fire season of 2019, which persisted over the whole winter period.
Cited articles
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Baars, H., Ansmann, A., Ohneiser, K., Haarig, M., Engelmann, R., Althausen, D., Hanssen, I., Gausa, M., Pietruczuk, A., Szkop, A., Stachlewska, I. S., Wang, D., Reichardt, J., Skupin, A., Mattis, I., Trickl, T., Vogelmann, H., Navas-Guzmán, F., Haefele, A., Acheson, K., Ruth, A. A., Tatarov, B., Müller, D., Hu, Q., Podvin, T., Goloub, P., Veselovskii, I., Pietras, C., Haeffelin, M., Fréville, P., Sicard, M., Comerón, A., Fernández García, A. J., Molero Menéndez, F., Córdoba-Jabonero, C., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Alados-Arboledas, L., Bortoli, D., Costa, M. J., Dionisi, D., Liberti, G. L., Wang, X., Sannino, A., Papagiannopoulos, N., Boselli, A., Mona, L., D'Amico, G., Romano, S., Perrone, M. R., Belegante, L., Nicolae, D., Grigorov, I., Gialitaki, A., Amiridis, V., Soupiona, O., Papayannis, A., Mamouri, R.-E., Nisantzi, A., Heese, B., Hofer, J., Schechner, Y. Y., Wandinger, U., and Pappalardo, G.: The unprecedented 2017–2018 stratospheric smoke event: decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15183–15198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15183-2019, 2019.
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Gidarakou, M., Papayannis, A., Gao, K., Gidarakos, P., Crouzy, B., Foskinis, R., Erb, S., Brem, B. T., Zhang, C., Lieberherr, G., Collaud Coen, M., Sikoparija, B., Kanji, Z. A., Clot, B., Calpini, B., Giagka, E., and Nenes, A.: Profiling pollen and biomass burning particles over Payerne, Switzerland using laser-induced fluorescence lidar and in situ techniques during the 2023 PERICLES campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 923–945, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-923-2026, 2026.
Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Jimenez, C., Veselovskii, I., Engelmann, R., and Althausen, D.: Depolarization and lidar ratios at 355, 532, and 1064 nm and microphysical properties of aged tropospheric and stratospheric Canadian wildfire smoke, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11847–11861, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11847-2018, 2018.
Hu, Q., Goloub, P., Veselovskii, I., and Podvin, T.: The characterization of long-range transported North American biomass burning plumes: what can a multi-wavelength Mie–Raman-polarization-fluorescence lidar provide?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5399–5414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5399-2022, 2022.
Hu, Q., Goloub, P., Veselovskii, I., Podvin, T., Dubois, G., Khaykin, S., Boissière, W., Ducos, F., and Korenskiy, M.: Advanced insights into biomass burning aerosols during the 2023 Canadian wildfires from dual-site Raman and fluorescence lidar observations, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5041, 2025.
Huang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhou, T., Ji, Y., Bi, J., Shi, J., Wen, H., and Huang, J.: Raman-Polarization-Fluorescence Spectroscopic Lidar for Real-Time Detection of Humic-like Substance Profiles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 59, 7235–7245, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c00028, 2025.
Li, B., Chen, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., and Guo, P.: Fluorescent aerosol observation in the lower atmosphere with an integrated fluorescence-Mie lidar, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 227, 211–218, 2019.
Li, C., Hu, Y., Chen, J., Zhen, M., Ye, X., Yang, X., Wang, L., Wang, X., and Mellouki, A.: Physiochemical properties of carbonaceous aerosol from agricultural residue burning: density, volatility, and hygroscopicity, Atmos. Environ., 140, 94–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.052, 2016.
Li, Z., Tang, D., Wei, T., Yu, S., Cai, J., Wu, K., Zhang, Z., Hu, J., Han, H., Wang, Y., and Xia, H.: Biomass burning aerosol transport from Indo-China Peninsula to South China: fluorescence lidar observation and analysis, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 3253-3269, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3253-2026, 2026.
Mamouri, R.-E. and Ansmann, A.: Potential of polarization lidar to provide profiles of CCN- and INP-relevant aerosol parameters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5905–5931, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5905-2016, 2016.
Mamouri, R.-E. and Ansmann, A.: Potential of polarization/Raman lidar to separate fine dust, coarse dust, maritime, and anthropogenic aerosol profiles, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3403–3427, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3403-2017, 2017.
Miri, R., Pujol, O., Hu, Q., Goloub, P., Veselovskii, I., Podvin, T., and Ducos, F.: Innovative aerosol hygroscopic growth study from Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar and microwave radiometer synergy, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3367–3375, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3367-2024, 2024.
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Reichardt, J., Behrendt, O., and Lauermann, F.: Spectrometric fluorescence and Raman lidar: absolute calibration of aerosol fluorescence spectra and fluorescence correction of humidity measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1-2023, 2023.
Reichardt, J., Lauermann, F., and Behrendt, O.: Fluorescence spectra of atmospheric aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5857–5892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5857-2025, 2025.
Saito, Y., Ichihara, K., Morishita, K., Uchiyama, K., Kobayashi, F., and Tomida, T.: Remote detection of the fluorescence spectrum of natural pollens floating in the atmosphere using a laser-induced-fluorescence spectrum (LIFS) lidar, Remote Sens.-Basel, 10, 1533, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101533, 2018.
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Sugimoto, N., Huang, Z., Nishizawa, T., Matsui, I., and Tatarov, B.: Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosols observed with a multichannel lidar spectrometer, Opt. Express, 20, 20800–20807, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.020800, 2012.
Veselovskii, I., Hu, Q., Goloub, P., Podvin, T., Korenskiy, M., Pujol, O., Dubovik, O., and Lopatin, A.: Combined use of Mie–Raman and fluorescence lidar observations for improving aerosol characterization: feasibility experiment, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6691–6701, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6691-2020, 2020.
Veselovskii, I., Kasianik, N., Korenskii, M., Hu, Q., Goloub, P., Podvin, T., and Liu, D.: Multiwavelength fluorescence lidar observations of smoke plumes, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2055–2065, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2055-2023, 2023.
Veselovskii, I., Barchunov, B., Hu, Q., Goloub, P., Podvin, T., Korenskii, M., Dubois, G., Boissiere, W., and Kasianik, N.: Retrieval and analysis of the composition of an aerosol mixture through Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4137–4152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4137-2024, 2024.
Veselovskii, I., Korenskiy, M., Kasianik, N., Barchunov, B., Hu, Q., Goloub, P., and Podvin, T.: Fluorescence properties of long-range-transported smoke: insights from five-channel lidar observations over Moscow during the 2023 wildfire season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1603–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1603-2025, 2025a.
Veselovskii, I., Hu, Q., Goloub, P., Podvin, T., Dubois, G., Kolgotin, A., and Korenskii, M.: Impact of water uptake on fluorescence of atmospheric aerosols: insights from Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6039–6051, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6039-2025, 2025b.
Short summary
A multi-channel fluorescence lidar can effectively analyze smoke–urban aerosol mixtures and retrieve smoke mass concentration in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), with a detection threshold of order 0.1 µg · m⁻³. Measurements over Moscow (2023–2024) detected smoke in 59 of 67 sessions. Long-range transported smoke contributed ∼1 µg · m⁻³ to the PBL, while regional fires from southern Russia caused concentrations up to 50 µg · m⁻³.
A multi-channel fluorescence lidar can effectively analyze smoke–urban aerosol mixtures and...
