Articles | Volume 15, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2685-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2685-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Quantification of major particulate matter species from a single filter type using infrared spectroscopy – application to a large-scale monitoring network
Bruno Debus
Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis,
Davis, CA 95618, USA
Andrew T. Weakley
Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis,
Davis, CA 95618, USA
Satoshi Takahama
ENAC/IIE, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL),
Lausanne, Switzerland
Kathryn M. George
Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis,
Davis, CA 95618, USA
Monitoring and Laboratory Division, California Air Resources Board,
Sacramento, CA 95811, USA
Anahita Amiri-Farahani
Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis,
Davis, CA 95618, USA
Bret Schichtel
National Park Service, Cooperative Institute for Research in the
Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Scott Copeland
Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Anthony S. Wexler
Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis,
Davis, CA 95618, USA
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Ann M. Dillner
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis,
Davis, CA 95618, USA
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Patrick Obin Sturm and Anthony S. Wexler
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Large air quality and climate models require vast amounts of computational power. Machine learning tools like neural networks can be used to make these models more efficient, with the downside that their results might not make physical sense or be easy to interpret. This work develops a physically interpretable neural network that obeys scientific laws like conservation of mass and models atmospheric composition more accurately than a traditional neural network.
Christopher D. Wallis, Mason D. Leandro, Patrick Y. Chuang, and Anthony S. Wexler
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James R. Ouimette, William C. Malm, Bret A. Schichtel, Patrick J. Sheridan, Elisabeth Andrews, John A. Ogren, and W. Patrick Arnott
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Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas, Satoshi Takahama, and Athanasios Nenes
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Aerosol–cloud interactions constitute the most uncertain contribution to climate change. The uptake kinetics of water by aerosol is a central process of cloud droplet formation, yet its molecular-scale mechanism is unknown. We use molecular simulations to study this process for phase-separated organic particles. Our results explain the increased cloud condensation activity of such particles and can be generalized over various compositions, thus possibly serving as a basis for future models.
Amir Yazdani, Ann M. Dillner, and Satoshi Takahama
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We propose a spectroscopic method for estimating several mixture-averaged molecular properties (carbon number and molecular weight) in particulate matter relevant for understanding its chemical origins. This estimation is enabled by calibration models built and tested using laboratory standards containing molecules with known structure, and can be applied to filter samples of PM2.5 currently collected in existing air pollution monitoring networks and field campaigns.
Amir Yazdani, Nikunj Dudani, Satoshi Takahama, Amelie Bertrand, André S. H. Prévôt, Imad El Haddad, and Ann M. Dillner
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Functional group compositions of primary and aged aerosols from wood burning and coal combustion sources from chamber experiments are interpreted through compounds present in the fuels and known gas-phase oxidation products. Infrared spectra of aged wood burning in the chamber and ambient biomass burning samples reveal striking similarities, and a new method for identifying burning-impacted samples in monitoring network measurements is presented.
Alexandra J. Boris, Satoshi Takahama, Andrew T. Weakley, Bruno M. Debus, Stephanie L. Shaw, Eric S. Edgerton, Taekyu Joo, Nga L. Ng, and Ann M. Dillner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4355–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4355-2021, 2021
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Infrared spectrometry can be applied in routine monitoring of atmospheric particles to give comprehensive characterization of the organic material by bond rather than species. Using this technique, the concentrations of particle organic material were found to decrease 2011–2016 in the southeastern US, driven by a decline in highly aged material, concurrent with declining anthropogenic emissions. However, an increase was observed in the fraction of more moderately aged organic matter.
Seyyed Ali Davari and Anthony S. Wexler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5369–5377, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5369-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5369-2020, 2020
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Traditional instruments for detection and quantification of toxic metals in the atmosphere are expensive. In this study, we have designed, fabricated, and tested a low-cost instrument, which employs cheap components to detect and quantify toxic metals. Advanced machine learning (ML) techniques have been used to improve the instrument's performance. This study demonstrates how the combination of low-cost sensors with ML can address problems that traditionally have been too expensive to be solved.
Patrick Obin Sturm and Anthony S. Wexler
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 4435–4442, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4435-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4435-2020, 2020
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Large air quality and climate models calculate different physical and chemical phenomena in separate operators within the overall model, some of which are computationally intensive. Machine learning tools can memorize the behavior of these operators and replace them, but the replacements must still obey physical laws, like conservation principles. This work derives a mathematical framework for machine learning replacements that conserves properties, such as mass or energy, to machine precision.
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Short summary
In the US, routine particulate matter composition is measured on samples collected on three types of filter media and analyzed using several techniques. We propose an alternate approach that uses one analytical technique, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and one filter type to measure the chemical composition of particulate matter in a major US monitoring network. This method could be used to add low-cost sites to the network, fill-in missing data, or for quality control.
In the US, routine particulate matter composition is measured on samples collected on three...