Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1539-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1539-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Mar 2023
Research article |
| 24 Mar 2023
| 24 Mar 2023
Retrievals of precipitable water vapor and aerosol optical depth from direct sun measurements with EKO MS711 and MS712 spectroradiometers
Congcong Qiao
LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Song Liu
LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
Xihan Mu
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of
Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
Ping Wang
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, 3731 GA, the
Netherlands
Shengjie Jia
Beijing Keytec Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100029, China
Xuehua Fan
LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
Minzheng Duan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5816, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5816, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
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Clouds over the Tibetan Plateau are difficult to observe continuously, yet they strongly influence weather, water, and climate. We developed and tested a ground-based system combining two cloud radars with a thermal infrared radiometer. Long-term observations show reliable operation and high sensitivity to weak clouds, while synchronized measurements provide complementary views of cloud structure and thermal emission. The system supports studies of clouds and precipitation over the plateau.
Victor J. H. Trees, Ping Wang, Job I. Wiltink, Piet Stammes, Daphne M. Stam, David P. Donovan, and A. Pier Siebesma
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 9677–9728, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9677-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9677-2026, 2026
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We present MONKI (Monte Carlo KNMI), an accurate and efficient Fortran radiative transfer code for simulating total and polarised sunlight in 3D planetary atmospheres. Its novelty is the derivation of Monte Carlo equations for the transfer of polarised light, fully accounting for polarisation-dependent scattering directions. This formulation gives reliable convergence even for optically thick, strongly polarising atmospheres, supporting observations of Earth, Venus, or any other planet.
Martin de Graaf, Ping Wang, Nikos Benas, and Jan Fokke Meirink
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4481, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4481, 2026
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Clouds are monitored from space using satellite sensors, but the quantification of cloud properties are biased when smoke is overlying the clouds. This happens often near Africa, where biomass burning during the monsoonal dry season is common. The retrievals of the cloud properties can be improved when the absorption of the sunlight due to smoke is accounted for. In this paper, the change of cloud properties is quantified as a function of the amount of smoke in the atmosphere.
Tao Xie, Xiaoyun Zhang, Wenmei Li, Yixiang Chen, Ping Wang, Piet Stammes, Gijsbert Tilstra, Olaf Tuinder, Maarten Sneep, and Feng Lu
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIX-B3-2026, 1487–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1487-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1487-2026, 2026
Tianle Zhang, Yaxin Xiang, Bingxing Zhu, Xiaohong Yao, Xuehua Fan, Yinan Wang, Yuntao Wang, Shuangling Chen, Shunyao Wang, Yan Zhang, Fei Chai, and Mei Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 3001–3024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3001-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3001-2026, 2026
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Based on high-time-resolution shipborne measurements, this study examines the sources of iron in aerosols over the Northwest Pacific. We found that non-dust emissions from ships and land-based activities contribute the majority of soluble iron capable of enhancing marine primary productivity, with particularly pronounced contributions in coastal regions and during the summer season. These findings provide improved insight into the influence of human activities on oceanic nutrient supply.
Tian Zhao, Wanjuan Song, Xihan Mu, Yun Xie, Yuanyuan Wang, Hangqi Ren, Donghui Xie, and Guangjian Yan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 551–568, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-551-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-551-2026, 2026
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Our research aimed to provide reliable data for measuring fractional vegetation cover, essential for understanding climate patterns and ecological health. We used the MultiVI algorithm, which employs satellite images from various angles to enhance accuracy. Our method outperformed traditional statistical methods compared to field measurements, enabling precise large-scale mapping of vegetation cover for improved environmental monitoring and planning.
Minqiang Zhou, Yilong Wang, Minzheng Duan, Xiangjun Tian, Jinzhi Ding, Jianrong Bi, Yaoming Ma, Weiqiang Ma, and Zhenhua Xi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4311–4324, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4311-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4311-2025, 2025
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The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is a key system that impacts the global carbon balance. This study presents the greenhouse gas (GHG) mole fraction measurement campaign in May 2022 at Mt. Qomolangma station, including ground-based remote sensing and in situ measurements. The GHG measurements are carried out in this region for the first time and used for satellite validation.
Ying Zhou, Congcong Qiao, Minqiang Zhou, Yilong Wang, Xiangjun Tian, Yinghong Wang, and Minzheng Duan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1609–1619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1609-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1609-2025, 2025
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We developed an automated, flexible atmospheric sampling device for various platforms. During a 5 d field campaign in the Mount Qomolangma region, we performed 15 flights using the device mounted on a hexacopter unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV). A total of 139 samples were analyzed using an Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph. Vertical profiles of four greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)) were analyzed and discussed.
Victor J. H. Trees, Ping Wang, Piet Stammes, Lieuwe G. Tilstra, David P. Donovan, and A. Pier Siebesma
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-73-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-73-2025, 2025
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Our study investigates the impact of cloud shadows on satellite-based aerosol index measurements over Europe by TROPOMI. Using a cloud shadow detection algorithm and simulations, we found that the overall effect on the aerosol index is minimal. Interestingly, we found that cloud shadows are significantly bluer than their shadow-free surroundings, but the traditional algorithm already (partly) automatically corrects for this increased blueness.
Ping Wang, David Patrick Donovan, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, Jos de Kloe, Dorit Huber, and Katja Reissig
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5935–5955, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5935-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5935-2024, 2024
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We describe the new feature mask (AEL-FM) and aerosol profile retrieval (AEL-PRO) algorithms developed for Aeolus lidar and present the evaluation of the Aeolus products using CALIPSO data for dust aerosols over Africa. We have found that Aeolus and CALIPSO show similar aerosol patterns in the collocated orbits and have good agreement for the extinction coefficients for the dust aerosols, especially for the cloud-free scenes. The finding is applicable to Aeolus L2A product Baseline 17.
David Patrick Donovan, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, and Ping Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5301–5340, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5301-2024, 2024
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ATLID (atmospheric lidar) is the lidar to be flown on the Earth Clouds and Radiation Explorer satellite (EarthCARE). EarthCARE is a joint European–Japanese satellite mission that was launched in May 2024. ATLID is an advanced lidar optimized for cloud and aerosol property profile measurements. This paper describes some of the key novel algorithms being applied to this lidar to retrieve cloud and aerosol properties. Example results based on simulated data are presented and discussed.
Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, David P. Donovan, and Ping Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3631–3651, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3631-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3631-2023, 2023
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The Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation (EarthCARE) satellite mission features the UV lidar ATLID. The ATLID FeatureMask algorithm provides a high-resolution detection probability mask which is used to guide smoothing strategies within the ATLID profile retrieval algorithm, one step further in the EarthCARE level-2 processing chain, in which the microphysical retrievals and target classification are performed.
Johan F. de Haan, Ping Wang, Maarten Sneep, J. Pepijn Veefkind, and Piet Stammes
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We present an overview of the DISAMAR radiative transfer code, highlighting the novel semi-analytical derivatives for the doubling–adding formulae and the new DISMAS technique for weak absorbers. DISAMAR includes forward simulations and retrievals for satellite spectral measurements from 270 to 2400 nm to determine instrument specifications for passive remote sensing. It has been used in various Sentinel-4/5P/5 projects and in the TROPOMI aerosol layer height and ozone profile products.
Ze Chen, Yufang Tian, Yinan Wang, Yongheng Bi, Xue Wu, Juan Huo, Linjun Pan, Yong Wang, and Daren Lü
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4785–4800, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4785-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4785-2022, 2022
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Small-scale turbulence plays a vital role in the vertical exchange of heat, momentum and mass in the atmosphere. There are currently three models that can use spectrum width data of MST radar to calculate turbulence parameters. However, few studies have explored the applicability of the three calculation models. We compared and analysed the turbulence parameters calculated by three models. These results can provide a reference for the selection of models for calculating turbulence parameters.
Victor J. H. Trees, Ping Wang, Piet Stammes, Lieuwe G. Tilstra, David P. Donovan, and A. Pier Siebesma
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3121–3140, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3121-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3121-2022, 2022
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Cloud shadows are observed by the TROPOMI satellite instrument as a result of its high spatial resolution. These shadows contaminate TROPOMI's air quality measurements, because shadows are generally not taken into account in the models that are used for aerosol and trace gas retrievals. We present the Detection AlgoRithm for CLOud Shadows (DARCLOS) for TROPOMI, which is the first cloud shadow detection algorithm for a satellite spectrometer.
Siming Zheng, Juan Huo, Wenbing Cai, Yinhui Zhang, Peng Li, Gaoyuan Zhang, Baofeng Ji, Jiafeng Zhou, and Congzheng Han
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1675–1687, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1675-2022, 2022
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We demonstrated the processing of millimeter wave link data with a time resolution of 1 min for 60 dry periods from August 2020 to July 2021. We have proposed a new method for extracting water vapor attenuation values and applied this method to data processing within this year. We found that the water vapor density value obtained from the millimeter wave link is highly correlated with the actual measurement value of the weather station.
Wenying He, Hongbin Chen, Yuejian Xuan, Jun Li, Minzheng Duan, and Weidong Nan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7069–7078, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7069-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7069-2021, 2021
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Large microwave surface emissivities (ε) cause difficulties in widely using satellite microwave data over land. Usually, ground-based radiometers are fixed to a scan field to obtain the temporal evolution of ε over a single land-cover area. To obtain the long-term temporal evolution of ε over different land-cover surfaces simultaneously, we developed a ground mobile observation system to enhance in situ ε observations and presented some preliminary results.
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Short summary
We established a spectral-fitting method to derive precipitable water vapor (PWV) and aerosol optical depth based on a strict radiative transfer theory by the spectral measurements of direct sun from EKO MS711 and MS712 spectroradiometers. The retrievals were compared with that of the colocated CE-318 photometer; the results showed a high degree of consistency. In the PWV inversion, a strong water vapor absorption band around 1370 nm is introduced to retrieve PWV in a relatively dry atmosphere.
We established a spectral-fitting method to derive precipitable water vapor (PWV) and aerosol...
