Articles | Volume 17, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2539-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2539-2024
Research article
 | 
02 May 2024
Research article |  | 02 May 2024

Drone-based photogrammetry combined with deep learning to estimate hail size distributions and melting of hail on the ground

Martin Lainer, Killian P. Brennan, Alessandro Hering, Jérôme Kopp, Samuel Monhart, Daniel Wolfensberger, and Urs Germann

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Cited articles

Allen, J. T., Giammanco, I. M., Kumjian, M. R., Jurgen Punge, H., Zhang, Q., Groenemeijer, P., Kunz, M., and Ortega, K.: Understanding Hail in the Earth System, Rev. Geophys., 58, e2019RG000665, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000665, 2020. a
Barras, H., Hering, A., Martynov, A., Noti, P.-A., Germann, U., and Martius, O.: Experiences with > 50,000 Crowdsourced Hail Reports in Switzerland, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 1429–1440, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0090.1, 2019. a, b
Bemis, S. P., Micklethwaite, S., Turner, D., James, M. R., Akciz, S., Thiele, S. T., and Bangash, H. A.: Ground-based and UAV-Based photogrammetry: A multi-scale, high-resolution mapping tool for structural geology and paleoseismology, J. Struct. Geol., 69, 163–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2014.10.007, 2014. a
Bradski, G.: The OpenCV Library, Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools, 2236121, https://www.drdobbs.com/open-source/the-opencv-library/184404319 (last access: 26 April 2024), 2000.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ a, b
Brook, J. P., Protat, A., Soderholm, J., Carlin, J. T., McGowan, H., and Warren, R. A.: HailTrack – Improving Radar-Based Hailfall Estimates by Modeling Hail Trajectories, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 60, 237–254, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0087.1, 2021. a
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Short summary
This study uses deep learning (the Mask R-CNN model) on drone-based photogrammetric data of hail on the ground to estimate hail size distributions (HSDs). Traditional hail sensors' limited areas complicate the full HSD retrieval. The HSD of a supercell event on 20 June 2021 is retrieved and contains > 18 000 hailstones. The HSD is compared to automatic hail sensor measurements and those of weather-radar-based MESHS. Investigations into ground hail melting are performed by five drone flights.
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