Articles | Volume 13, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2015-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2015-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Apr 2020
Research article |
| 21 Apr 2020
| 21 Apr 2020
Characterization and first results from LACIS-T: a moist-air wind tunnel to study aerosol–cloud–turbulence interactions
Department of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Jens Voigtländer
Department of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Silvio Schmalfuß
Department of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Daniel Busch
Department of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Jörg Schumacher
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
Raymond A. Shaw
Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Frank Stratmann
Department of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
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A high-resolution infrared hygrometer (FIRH) was adapted to measure humidity and its rapid fluctuations in turbulence inside a moist-air wind tunnel LACIS-T where two air streams of different temperature and humidity are mixed. The measurement was achieved from outside the tunnel through its glass windows and provided an agreement with a reference dew-point hygrometer placed inside. The characterization of humidity complements previous investigations of velocity and temperature fields.
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Jesse C. Anderson, Subin Thomas, Prasanth Prabhakaran, Raymond A. Shaw, and Will Cantrell
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Fluctuations due to turbulence in Earth's atmosphere can play a role in how many droplets a cloud has and, eventually, whether that cloud rains or evaporates. We study such processes in Michigan Tech's cloud chamber. Here, we characterize the turbulent and large-scale motions of air in the chamber, measuring the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature and water vapor, which we can combine to get the distribution of relative humidity, which governs cloud formation and dissipation.
Markus Hartmann, Xianda Gong, Simonas Kecorius, Manuela van Pinxteren, Teresa Vogl, André Welti, Heike Wex, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Hartmut Herrmann, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11613–11636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11613-2021, 2021
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Hans-Christian Clemen, Johannes Schneider, Thomas Klimach, Frank Helleis, Franziska Köllner, Andreas Hünig, Florian Rubach, Stephan Mertes, Heike Wex, Frank Stratmann, André Welti, Rebecca Kohl, Fabian Frank, and Stephan Borrmann
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Leighton A. Regayre, Julia Schmale, Jill S. Johnson, Christian Tatzelt, Andrea Baccarini, Silvia Henning, Masaru Yoshioka, Frank Stratmann, Martin Gysel-Beer, Daniel P. Grosvenor, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10063–10072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10063-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10063-2020, 2020
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The amount of energy reflected back into space because of man-made particles is highly uncertain. Processes related to naturally occurring particles cause most of the uncertainty, but these processes are poorly constrained by present-day measurements. We show that measurements over the Southern Ocean, far from pollution sources, efficiently reduce climate model uncertainties. Our results pave the way to designing experiments and measurement campaigns that reduce this uncertainty even further.
Manuela van Pinxteren, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Nadja Triesch, Christian Stolle, Oliver Wurl, Enno Bahlmann, Xianda Gong, Jens Voigtländer, Heike Wex, Tiera-Brandy Robinson, Stefan Barthel, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Erik Hans Hoffmann, Marie Roveretto, Chunlin Li, Benoit Grosselin, Veronique Daële, Fabian Senf, Dominik van Pinxteren, Malena Manzi, Nicolás Zabalegui, Sanja Frka, Blaženka Gašparović, Ryan Pereira, Tao Li, Liang Wen, Jiarong Li, Chao Zhu, Hui Chen, Jianmin Chen, Björn Fiedler, Wolf von Tümpling, Katie Alana Read, Shalini Punjabi, Alastair Charles Lewis, James Roland Hopkins, Lucy Jane Carpenter, Ilka Peeken, Tim Rixen, Detlef Schulz-Bull, María Eugenia Monge, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Christian George, Frank Stratmann, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6921–6951, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6921-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6921-2020, 2020
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An introduction to a comprehensive field campaign performed at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory regarding ocean–atmosphere interactions is given. Chemical, physical, biological and meteorological techniques were applied, and measurements of bulk water, the sea surface microlayer, cloud water and ambient aerosol particles took place. Oceanic compounds were found to be transferred to atmospheric aerosol and to the cloud level; however, sea spray contributions to CCN and INPs were limited.
Xianda Gong, Heike Wex, Jens Voigtländer, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Kay Weinhold, Manuela van Pinxteren, Silvia Henning, Thomas Müller, Hartmut Herrmann, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1431–1449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1431-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1431-2020, 2020
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We characterized the aerosol particles in Cabo Verde at sea and cloud levels. We found four well-separable types of PNSDs, with the strongest differences between air masses coming from the ocean compared to from the African continent. During the strongest observed dust periods, CCN concentrations were 2.5 higher than during clean marine periods. The hygroscopicity of the particles did not vary much between different periods. Aerosol at sea level and on the mountaintop was well in agreement.
Simonas Kecorius, Teresa Vogl, Pauli Paasonen, Janne Lampilahti, Daniel Rothenberg, Heike Wex, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Markus Hartmann, Silvia Henning, Xianda Gong, Andre Welti, Markku Kulmala, Frank Stratmann, Hartmut Herrmann, and Alfred Wiedensohler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14339–14364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14339-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14339-2019, 2019
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Arctic sea-ice retreat, atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), and aerosol–cloud interaction may all be linked via a positive feedback mechanism. Understanding the sources of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is an important piece in the Arctic amplification puzzle. We show that Arctic newly formed particles do not have to grow beyond the Aitken mode to act as CCN. This is important, because NPF occurrence in the Arctic is expected to increase, making it a significant contributor to CCN budget.
Xianda Gong, Heike Wex, Thomas Müller, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kristina Höhler, Konrad Kandler, Nan Ma, Barbara Dietel, Thea Schiebel, Ottmar Möhler, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10883–10900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10883-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10883-2019, 2019
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For the diverse aerosol on Cyprus, we found the following: new particle formation can be a source of cloud condensation nuclei. Particle hygroscopicity showed that particles ~<100 nm contained mostly organic material, while larger ones were more hygroscopic. Two separate methods obtained similar concentrations of ice-nucleating particles (INP), with mostly no evidence of a local origin. Different parameterizations overestimated INP concentration in this rather polluted region.
Heike Wex, Lin Huang, Wendy Zhang, Hayley Hung, Rita Traversi, Silvia Becagli, Rebecca J. Sheesley, Claire E. Moffett, Tate E. Barrett, Rossana Bossi, Henrik Skov, Anja Hünerbein, Jasmin Lubitz, Mareike Löffler, Olivia Linke, Markus Hartmann, Paul Herenz, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5293–5311, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5293-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5293-2019, 2019
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We found an annual cycle for ice-nucleating particles in the Arctic. These particles are important for Arctic clouds, as they can change the lifetime of clouds. We suggest that higher concentrations of these particles in summertime originate from the Arctic biosphere (both marine and terrestrial). With a warming Arctic, these concentrations may increase further, influencing aerosol–cloud interactions and therewith the observed strong warming of the Arctic.
Katarzyna Karpińska, Jonathan F. E. Bodenschatz, Szymon P. Malinowski, Jakub L. Nowak, Steffen Risius, Tina Schmeissner, Raymond A. Shaw, Holger Siebert, Hengdong Xi, Haitao Xu, and Eberhard Bodenschatz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4991–5003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4991-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4991-2019, 2019
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Observations of clouds at a mountain-top laboratory revealed for the first time the presence of “voids”, i.e., elongated volumes inside a cloud that are devoid of droplets. Theoretical and numerical analyses suggest that these voids are a result of strong and long-lasting vortex presence in turbulent air. If this is confirmed in further investigation, the effect may become an important part of models describing cloud evolution and rain formation.
Sarah Grawe, Stefanie Augustin-Bauditz, Hans-Christian Clemen, Martin Ebert, Stine Eriksen Hammer, Jasmin Lubitz, Naama Reicher, Yinon Rudich, Johannes Schneider, Robert Staacke, Frank Stratmann, André Welti, and Heike Wex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13903–13923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13903-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13903-2018, 2018
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In this study, coal fly ash particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets were analyzed concerning their freezing behavior. Additionally, physico-chemical particle properties (morphology, chemical composition, crystallography) were investigated. In combining both aspects, components that potentially contribute to the observed freezing behavior of the ash could be identified. Interactions at the particle-water interface, that depend on suspension time and influence freezing, are discussed.
Jens Voigtländer, Cedric Chou, Henner Bieligk, Tina Clauss, Susan Hartmann, Paul Herenz, Dennis Niedermeier, Georg Ritter, Frank Stratmann, and Zbigniew Ulanowski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13687–13702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13687-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13687-2018, 2018
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Surface roughness of ice crystals has recently been acknowledged to strongly influence the radiative properties of cold clouds such as cirrus, but it is unclear how this roughness arises. The study investigates the origins of ice surface roughness under a variety of atmospherically relevant conditions, using a novel method to measure roughness quantitatively. It is found that faster growth leads to stronger roughness. Roughness also increases following repeated growth–sublimation cycles.
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A statistical tool frequently utilized to measure scale-dependent departures from perfect randomness is the radial distribution function. This tool has many strengths, but it is not easy to calculate for particle detections within a three-dimensional sample volume. In this manuscript, we introduce and test a new method to estimate the three-dimensional radial distribution function in realistic measurement volumes.
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Cloud droplet size distribution (CDSD), which is related to cloud albedo and lifetime, is usually observed broader than predicted from adiabatic parcel calculations. Results in this study show that the CDSD can be broadened during condensational growth as a result of Ostwald ripening amplified by droplet deactivation and reactivation. Our results suggest that it is important to consider both curvature and solute effects before and after cloud droplet activation in a 3-D cloud model.
André Welti, Konrad Müller, Zoë L. Fleming, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5307–5320, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5307-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5307-2018, 2018
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We report on ambient concentrations of ice nuclei, measured on the Cabo Verde islands. Concentrations are found to exponentially increase by 7 orders of magnitude from −5 to −38 °C. At each temperature, the frequency distribution of observed concentrations can be described by a lognormal distribution, typical for random dilution of substances during transport. Random dilution is found to account for larger fluctuations in IN concentration than seasonal changes and changes in air mass origin.
Paul Herenz, Heike Wex, Silvia Henning, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, Florian Rubach, Anja Roth, Stephan Borrmann, Heiko Bozem, Hannes Schulz, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4477–4496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4477-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4477-2018, 2018
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The Arctic climate is changing much faster than other regions on Earth. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the processes that are liable for this phenomena and to document the current situation in the Arctic. Therefore, we measured the number and also the size of aerosol particles. It turned out that we captured the transition from the Arctic spring to the Arctic summer and that the according air masses show differences in particle properties. Also, the particles have a low water receptivity.
Monika Burkert-Kohn, Heike Wex, André Welti, Susan Hartmann, Sarah Grawe, Lisa Hellner, Paul Herenz, James D. Atkinson, Frank Stratmann, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11683–11705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11683-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11683-2017, 2017
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Several instruments can investigate properties of ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which are crucial to understanding ice cloud formation. We intercompare four online ice nucleation counters and reasonable agreement is found when the same ice nucleation mode is tested. A variable scaling factor was necessary to reconcile condensation freezing results with immersion freezing. Factors related to instrumental setup and aerosol generation are discussed to explain observed differences.
Georgios Tsagkogeorgas, Pontus Roldin, Jonathan Duplissy, Linda Rondo, Jasmin Tröstl, Jay G. Slowik, Sebastian Ehrhart, Alessandro Franchin, Andreas Kürten, Antonio Amorim, Federico Bianchi, Jasper Kirkby, Tuukka Petäjä, Urs Baltensperger, Michael Boy, Joachim Curtius, Richard C. Flagan, Markku Kulmala, Neil M. Donahue, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8923–8938, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8923-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8923-2017, 2017
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The H2SO4 vapour pressure plays key role in Earth's and Venus' atmospheres. In regions where RH is low and stabilising bases are scarce, H2SO4 can evaporate from particles; however the H2SO4 vapour pressure at low RH is uncertain. To address this, we measured H2SO4 evaporation versus T and RH in the CLOUD chamber and constrained the equilibrium constants for dissociation and dehydration of H2SO4. This study is important for nucleation, particle growth and H2SO4 formation occurring in atmosphere.
Fan Yang, Raymond Shaw, and Huiwen Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9421–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9421-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9421-2016, 2016
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When dry air is mixed into a cloud, droplets evaporate. If the diluted cloud mixture continues to rise, the remaining droplets will grow. In this work we show theoretically and computationally that a critical height exists, above which the droplets in a mixed, diluted cloud volume become larger than those in an undiluted volume. An environment that is humid and aerosol free is most favorable for producing such large droplets, which may contribute to the onset of precipitation formation.
Sarvesh Garimella, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, Karolina Ignatius, Andre Welti, Jens Voigtländer, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Frank Sagan, Gregory Lee Kok, James Dorsey, Leonid Nichman, Daniel Alexander Rothenberg, Michael Rösch, Amélie Catharina Ruth Kirchgäßner, Russell Ladkin, Heike Wex, Theodore W. Wilson, Luis Antonio Ladino, Jon P. D. Abbatt, Olaf Stetzer, Ulrike Lohmann, Frank Stratmann, and Daniel James Cziczo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2781–2795, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016, 2016
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The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nuclei counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. This study characterizes the SPIN chamber, reporting data from laboratory measurements and quantifying uncertainties. Overall, we report that the SPIN is able to reproduce previous CFDC ice nucleation measurements.
Markus Hermann, Andreas Weigelt, Denise Assmann, Sascha Pfeifer, Thomas Müller, Thomas Conrath, Jens Voigtländer, Jost Heintzenberg, Alfred Wiedensohler, Bengt G. Martinsson, Terry Deshler, Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer, and Andreas Zahn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2179–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2179-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2179-2016, 2016
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Aerosol particles are an important component of the Earth's atmosphere. Here we describe the composition and characterization of a new optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS) for aircraft-borne measurements of the aerosol particle size distribution (how many particles there are with a certain size) in the 140–1050 nm size range. The OPSS was characterized throughout concerning its measurement capabilities (response, pressure dependence, coincidence) and validated versus balloon measurement.
B. Wehner, F. Werner, F. Ditas, R. A. Shaw, M. Kulmala, and H. Siebert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11701–11711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11701-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11701-2015, 2015
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During the CARRIBA campaign on Barbados, 91 cases with increased aerosol particle number concentrations near clouds were detected from helicopter-borne measurements. Most of these cases are correlated with enhanced irradiance in the ultraviolet range. The events have a mean length of 100m, corresponding to a lifetime of 300s, meaning a growth of several nm/h. Such high values cannot be explained by sulfuric acid alone; thus extremely low volatility organic compounds are probably involved here.
S. Risius, H. Xu, F. Di Lorenzo, H. Xi, H. Siebert, R. A. Shaw, and E. Bodenschatz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 3209–3218, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3209-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3209-2015, 2015
B. G. Pummer, C. Budke, S. Augustin-Bauditz, D. Niedermeier, L. Felgitsch, C. J. Kampf, R. G. Huber, K. R. Liedl, T. Loerting, T. Moschen, M. Schauperl, M. Tollinger, C. E. Morris, H. Wex, H. Grothe, U. Pöschl, T. Koop, and J. Fröhlich-Nowoisky
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4077–4091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4077-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4077-2015, 2015
N. Hiranuma, S. Augustin-Bauditz, H. Bingemer, C. Budke, J. Curtius, A. Danielczok, K. Diehl, K. Dreischmeier, M. Ebert, F. Frank, N. Hoffmann, K. Kandler, A. Kiselev, T. Koop, T. Leisner, O. Möhler, B. Nillius, A. Peckhaus, D. Rose, S. Weinbruch, H. Wex, Y. Boose, P. J. DeMott, J. D. Hader, T. C. J. Hill, Z. A. Kanji, G. Kulkarni, E. J. T. Levin, C. S. McCluskey, M. Murakami, B. J. Murray, D. Niedermeier, M. D. Petters, D. O'Sullivan, A. Saito, G. P. Schill, T. Tajiri, M. A. Tolbert, A. Welti, T. F. Whale, T. P. Wright, and K. Yamashita
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2489–2518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2489-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2489-2015, 2015
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Seventeen ice nucleation measurement techniques contributed to investigate the immersion freezing behavior of illite NX. All data showed a similar temperature trend, but the measured ice nucleation activity was on average smaller for the wet suspended samples and higher for the dry-dispersed aerosol samples at high temperatures. A continued investigation and collaboration is necessary to obtain further insights into consistency or diversity of ice nucleation measurements.
H. Wex, S. Augustin-Bauditz, Y. Boose, C. Budke, J. Curtius, K. Diehl, A. Dreyer, F. Frank, S. Hartmann, N. Hiranuma, E. Jantsch, Z. A. Kanji, A. Kiselev, T. Koop, O. Möhler, D. Niedermeier, B. Nillius, M. Rösch, D. Rose, C. Schmidt, I. Steinke, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1463–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1463-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1463-2015, 2015
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Immersion freezing measurements from seven different measurement techniques were intercompared using a biological ice nucleating material from bacteria. Although different techniques examined differently concentrated droplets, it was possible to find a uniform description, which showed that results from all experiments were generally in good agreement and were also in agreement with parameterizations published earlier in literature.
H. Wex, P. J. DeMott, Y. Tobo, S. Hartmann, M. Rösch, T. Clauss, L. Tomsche, D. Niedermeier, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5529–5546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5529-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5529-2014, 2014
T. Clauss, A. Kiselev, S. Hartmann, S. Augustin, S. Pfeifer, D. Niedermeier, H. Wex, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1041–1052, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1041-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1041-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Clouds | Technique: Laboratory Measurement | Topic: Instruments and Platforms
Comment on “A universally applicable method of calculating confidence bands for ice nucleation spectra derived from droplet freezing experiments” by Fahy et al. (2022)
Icing wind tunnel measurements of supercooled large droplets using the 12 mm total water content cone of the Nevzorov probe
The Microfluidic Ice Nuclei Counter Zürich (MINCZ): a platform for homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation
Effects of the large-scale circulation on temperature and water vapor distributions in the Π Chamber
Photoacoustic hygrometer for icing wind tunnel water content measurement: design, analysis, and intercomparison
SPIN modification for low-temperature experiments
Low-temperature triple-capillary cryostat for ice crystal growth studies
A high-speed particle phase discriminator (PPD-HS) for the classification of airborne particles, as tested in a continuous flow diffusion chamber
The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): an instrument to investigate ice nucleation
BINARY: an optical freezing array for assessing temperature and time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation
Experimental quantification of contact freezing in an electrodynamic balance
Application of linear polarized light for the discrimination of frozen and liquid droplets in ice nucleation experiments
Gabor Vali
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4303–4306, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4303-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4303-2023, 2023
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Different methods for the calculation of nucleation spectra from drop-freezing experiments are discussed as the choice of data processing reflects on underlying principles.
Johannes Lucke, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Romy Heller, Valerian Hahn, Matthew Hamman, Wolfgang Breitfuss, Venkateshwar Reddy Bora, Manuel Moser, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7375–7394, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7375-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7375-2022, 2022
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Flight testing in icing conditions requires instruments that are able to accurately measure the liquid water content of supercooled large droplets (SLDs). This work finds that the 12 mm cone of the Nevzorov hot-wire probe has excellent collection properties for SLDs. We also derive a correction to compensate for the low collision efficiency of small droplets with the cone. The results provide a procedure to evaluate LWC measurements of the 12 mm cone during wind tunnel and airborne experiments.
Florin N. Isenrich, Nadia Shardt, Michael Rösch, Julia Nette, Stavros Stavrakis, Claudia Marcolli, Zamin A. Kanji, Andrew J. deMello, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5367–5381, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5367-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5367-2022, 2022
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Ice nucleation in the atmosphere influences cloud properties and lifetimes. Microfluidic instruments have recently been used to investigate ice nucleation, but these instruments are typically made out of a polymer that contributes to droplet instability over extended timescales and relatively high temperature uncertainty. To address these drawbacks, we develop and validate a new microfluidic instrument that uses fluoropolymer tubing to extend droplet stability and improve temperature accuracy.
Jesse C. Anderson, Subin Thomas, Prasanth Prabhakaran, Raymond A. Shaw, and Will Cantrell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5473–5485, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5473-2021, 2021
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Fluctuations due to turbulence in Earth's atmosphere can play a role in how many droplets a cloud has and, eventually, whether that cloud rains or evaporates. We study such processes in Michigan Tech's cloud chamber. Here, we characterize the turbulent and large-scale motions of air in the chamber, measuring the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature and water vapor, which we can combine to get the distribution of relative humidity, which governs cloud formation and dissipation.
Benjamin Lang, Wolfgang Breitfuss, Simon Schweighart, Philipp Breitegger, Hugo Pervier, Andreas Tramposch, Andreas Klug, Wolfgang Hassler, and Alexander Bergmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2477–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2477-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2477-2021, 2021
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This work describes the design, calibration, and application of a hygrometer and sampling system, which have been developed and used for water content measurement in experimentally simulated atmospheric icing conditions with relevance in fundamental icing research as well as aviation testing and certification. Together with a general description of water content measurement and accompanying uncertainties, the results of a comparison to reference instruments in an icing wind tunnel are presented.
André Welti, Kimmo Korhonen, Pasi Miettinen, Ana A. Piedehierro, Yrjö Viisanen, Annele Virtanen, and Ari Laaksonen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 7059–7067, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-7059-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-7059-2020, 2020
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We describe a modification of the SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) chamber to study ice nucleation at low temperatures, relevant for ice formation in cirrus clouds. Validation experiments of homogeneous freezing of aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets and heterogeneous ice nucleation on silver iodide particles are included to demonstrate the advantages of the modified SPIN chamber for the investigation of ice nucleation in the extended temperature range.
Brian D. Swanson and Jon Nelson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6143–6152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6143-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6143-2019, 2019
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We have built a triple-capillary cryostat designed to reduce potential instrumental effects that may have influenced earlier measurements and to improve our understanding of the processes responsible for ice crystal shapes and sizes. In this cryostat, a crystal forms on one of three well-separated and ultrafine capillaries. In this paper we describe the new instrument and present several observations made using the instrument to illustrate the instrument's advantages.
Fabian Mahrt, Jörg Wieder, Remo Dietlicher, Helen R. Smith, Chris Stopford, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3183–3208, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3183-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3183-2019, 2019
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A new instrument, the High Speed Particle Phase Discriminator (PPD-HS), is presented, with the goal of quantifying liquid and ice fraction in conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds. PPD-HS captures the near-forward spatial intensity distribution of scattered light on a single particle basis. Symmetry analysis of the scattering pattern is used to determine the shape of the particles, with cloud droplets and ice crystals producing symmetrical and asymmetrical scattering patterns, respectively.
Sarvesh Garimella, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, Karolina Ignatius, Andre Welti, Jens Voigtländer, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Frank Sagan, Gregory Lee Kok, James Dorsey, Leonid Nichman, Daniel Alexander Rothenberg, Michael Rösch, Amélie Catharina Ruth Kirchgäßner, Russell Ladkin, Heike Wex, Theodore W. Wilson, Luis Antonio Ladino, Jon P. D. Abbatt, Olaf Stetzer, Ulrike Lohmann, Frank Stratmann, and Daniel James Cziczo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2781–2795, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016, 2016
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The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nuclei counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. This study characterizes the SPIN chamber, reporting data from laboratory measurements and quantifying uncertainties. Overall, we report that the SPIN is able to reproduce previous CFDC ice nucleation measurements.
C. Budke and T. Koop
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 689–703, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-689-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-689-2015, 2015
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A new optical freezing array for the study of heterogeneous ice nucleation in microliter-sized droplets is introduced, tested and applied to the study of immersion freezing in aqueous Snomax suspensions. Using different cooling rates, a small time dependence of ice nucleation induced by two different classes of ice nucleators was detected and the corresponding heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient was quantified.
N. Hoffmann, A. Kiselev, D. Rzesanke, D. Duft, and T. Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2373–2382, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2373-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2373-2013, 2013
T. Clauss, A. Kiselev, S. Hartmann, S. Augustin, S. Pfeifer, D. Niedermeier, H. Wex, and F. Stratmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1041–1052, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1041-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1041-2013, 2013
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Short summary
In this paper, we present the new moist-air wind tunnel LACIS-T (Turbulent Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator). It is used to study cloud physical processes in general and interactions between turbulence and cloud microphysical processes in particular. The operating principle of LACIS-T is explained, and the first results are depicted from deliquescence and droplet formation experiments observing clear indications on the effect of turbulence on these microphysical processes.
In this paper, we present the new moist-air wind tunnel LACIS-T (Turbulent Leipzig Aerosol Cloud...
