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AMT | Articles | Volume 13, issue 8
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4141–4158, 2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4141-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4141-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue: CoMet: a mission to improve our understanding and to better...
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4141–4158, 2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4141-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4141-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 04 Aug 2020
Research article | 04 Aug 2020
Towards improved turbulence estimation with Doppler wind lidar velocity-azimuth display (VAD) scans
Norman Wildmann et al.
Related authors
Julian Kostinek, Anke Roiger, Maximilian Eckl, Alina Fiehn, Andreas Luther, Norman Wildmann, Theresa Klausner, Andreas Fix, Christoph Knote, Andreas Stohl, and André Butz
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-962, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-962, 2020
Preprint under review for ACP
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Abundant mining and industrial activities located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin lead to large emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane. This study aims to quantify these emissions from continuous, high-precision airborne measurements and dispersion modeling. Our emission estimates are in line with E-PRTR 2017 reported values, albeit significantly lower (up to 40 %) than values reported in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory.
Alina Fiehn, Julian Kostinek, Maximilian Eckl, Theresa Klausner, Michał Gałkowski, Jinxuan Chen, Christoph Gerbig, Thomas Röckmann, Hossein Maazallahi, Martina Schmidt, Piotr Korbeń, Jarosław Neçki, Pawel Jagoda, Norman Wildmann, Christian Mallaun, Rostyslav Bun, Anna-Leah Nickl, Patrick Jöckel, Andreas Fix, and Anke Roiger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12675–12695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020, 2020
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A severe reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to fulfill the Paris Agreement. We use aircraft- and ground-based in situ observations of trace gases and wind speed from two flights over the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, for independent emission estimation. The derived methane emission estimates are within the range of emission inventories, carbon dioxide estimates are in the lower range and carbon monoxide emission estimates are slightly higher than emission inventory values.
Tyler M. Bell, Petra Klein, Norman Wildmann, and Robert Menke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1357–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1357-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1357-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the utility of using multi-Doppler retrievals during the Perdigão 2017 campaign. By combining scans from the multitude of Doppler lidars, it was possible to derive virtual towers that greatly extend the range of traditional in situ meteorological towers. Uncertainties from the measurements are analyzed and discussed. Despite multiple sources of error, it was found that the virtual towers are useful for analyzing the complex flows observed during the campaign.
Norman Wildmann, Nicola Bodini, Julie K. Lundquist, Ludovic Bariteau, and Johannes Wagner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6401–6423, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6401-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6401-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulence is the variation of wind velocity on short timescales. In this study we introduce a new method to measure turbulence in a two-dimensionial plane with lidar instruments. The method allows for the detection and quantification of subareas of distinct turbulence conditions in the observed plane. We compare the results to point and profile measurements with more established instruments. It is shown that turbulence below low-level jets and in wind turbine wakes can be investigated this way.
Johannes Wagner, Norman Wildmann, and Thomas Gerz
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-77, 2019
Preprint retracted
Short summary
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The impact of a forest parameterization on the simulation of boundary layer flows over complex terrain is investigated. Short- and long-term simulations are run for 12 hours and 1.5 months, respectively, with and without forest parameterization and the results are compared to lidar and meteorological tower observations. The test cases are based on the Perdigao 2017 campaign.
Andreas Luther, Ralph Kleinschek, Leon Scheidweiler, Sara Defratyka, Mila Stanisavljevic, Andreas Forstmaier, Alexandru Dandocsi, Sebastian Wolff, Darko Dubravica, Norman Wildmann, Julian Kostinek, Patrick Jöckel, Anna-Leah Nickl, Theresa Klausner, Frank Hase, Matthias Frey, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Jarosław Nȩcki, Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, Anke Roiger, and André Butz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5217–5230, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5217-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5217-2019, 2019
Short summary
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Methane ventilated from hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian
Coal Basin in Poland is measured with a mobile Fourier transform spectrometer EM27/SUN. The instrument was mounted on a truck driving in stop-and-go patterns downwind of the methane sources. The emissions are estimated with the cross-sectional flux method. Calculated emissions are in broad agreement with the E-PRTR database. Wind-related errors on the methane estimates dominate the error budget and typically amount to 20 %.
Johannes Wagner, Thomas Gerz, Norman Wildmann, and Kira Gramitzky
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1129–1146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1129-2019, 2019
Short summary
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Long-term WRF-LES simulations were performed with a horizontal resolution of 200 m for a period of 49 days during the Perdigão campaign. Simulation results were used to characterize the meteorological conditions and to analyse characteristic flow patterns. It could be shown that thermally driven flows including low-level jets frequently occurred during the observation period. Model results were in very good agreement with observations in spite of the long simulation time.
Norman Wildmann, Nikola Vasiljevic, and Thomas Gerz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3801–3814, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3801-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3801-2018, 2018
Short summary
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Wind turbines extract energy from the flow which manifests in a region of lower wind speeds and increased turbulence downstream of the rotor, the so-called wake. Understanding the characteristics of the wake is a key challenge for wind-energy research. A new strategy for measuring the wind in the wake with three synchronized lidar instruments is presented. The measurement points are automatically adapted to the prevailing wind direction to achieve continuous monitoring of wake properties.
B. Altstädter, A. Platis, B. Wehner, A. Scholtz, N. Wildmann, M. Hermann, R. Käthner, H. Baars, J. Bange, and A. Lampert
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1627-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1627-2015, 2015
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The unmanned research aircraft Carolo P360 "ALADINA" is a flexible tool for investigating the horizontal and vertical distribution of freshly formed particles in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) combined with measurements of turbulent fluxes derived by fast meteorological sensors. First results of a feasibility study show, among others, events of particle bursts in an internal
layer of the ABL. Comparisons with ground-based instruments and a lidar present the reliability of the new system.
M. Lothon, F. Lohou, D. Pino, F. Couvreux, E. R. Pardyjak, J. Reuder, J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, P Durand, O. Hartogensis, D. Legain, P. Augustin, B. Gioli, D. H. Lenschow, I. Faloona, C. Yagüe, D. C. Alexander, W. M. Angevine, E Bargain, J. Barrié, E. Bazile, Y. Bezombes, E. Blay-Carreras, A. van de Boer, J. L. Boichard, A. Bourdon, A. Butet, B. Campistron, O. de Coster, J. Cuxart, A. Dabas, C. Darbieu, K. Deboudt, H. Delbarre, S. Derrien, P. Flament, M. Fourmentin, A. Garai, F. Gibert, A. Graf, J. Groebner, F. Guichard, M. A. Jiménez, M. Jonassen, A. van den Kroonenberg, V. Magliulo, S. Martin, D. Martinez, L. Mastrorillo, A. F. Moene, F. Molinos, E. Moulin, H. P. Pietersen, B. Piguet, E. Pique, C. Román-Cascón, C. Rufin-Soler, F. Saïd, M. Sastre-Marugán, Y. Seity, G. J. Steeneveld, P. Toscano, O. Traullé, D. Tzanos, S. Wacker, N. Wildmann, and A. Zaldei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10931–10960, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10931-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10931-2014, 2014
N. Wildmann, F. Kaufmann, and J. Bange
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3059–3069, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3059-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3059-2014, 2014
N. Wildmann, M. Hofsäß, F. Weimer, A. Joos, and J. Bange
Adv. Sci. Res., 11, 55–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-55-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-55-2014, 2014
N. Wildmann, S. Ravi, and J. Bange
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1027–1041, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1027-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1027-2014, 2014
N. Wildmann, M. Mauz, and J. Bange
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2101–2113, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2101-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2101-2013, 2013
Julian Kostinek, Anke Roiger, Maximilian Eckl, Alina Fiehn, Andreas Luther, Norman Wildmann, Theresa Klausner, Andreas Fix, Christoph Knote, Andreas Stohl, and André Butz
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-962, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-962, 2020
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
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Abundant mining and industrial activities located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin lead to large emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane. This study aims to quantify these emissions from continuous, high-precision airborne measurements and dispersion modeling. Our emission estimates are in line with E-PRTR 2017 reported values, albeit significantly lower (up to 40 %) than values reported in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory.
Alina Fiehn, Julian Kostinek, Maximilian Eckl, Theresa Klausner, Michał Gałkowski, Jinxuan Chen, Christoph Gerbig, Thomas Röckmann, Hossein Maazallahi, Martina Schmidt, Piotr Korbeń, Jarosław Neçki, Pawel Jagoda, Norman Wildmann, Christian Mallaun, Rostyslav Bun, Anna-Leah Nickl, Patrick Jöckel, Andreas Fix, and Anke Roiger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12675–12695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A severe reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to fulfill the Paris Agreement. We use aircraft- and ground-based in situ observations of trace gases and wind speed from two flights over the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, for independent emission estimation. The derived methane emission estimates are within the range of emission inventories, carbon dioxide estimates are in the lower range and carbon monoxide emission estimates are slightly higher than emission inventory values.
Hirofumi Ohyama, Isamu Morino, Voltaire A. Velazco, Theresa Klausner, Gerry Bagtasa, Matthäus Kiel, Matthias Frey, Akihiro Hori, Osamu Uchino, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sally E. Pusede, Alina Fiehn, Anke Roiger, Michael Lichtenstern, Hans Schlager, Pao K. Wang, Charles C.-K. Chou, Maria Dolores Andrés-Hernández, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5149–5163, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5149-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5149-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 measured by a solar viewing portable Fourier transform spectrometer (EM27/SUN) were validated with in situ profile data obtained during the transfer flights of two aircraft campaigns. Atmospheric dynamical properties based on ERA5 and WRF-Chem were used as criteria for selecting the best aircraft profiles for the validation. The resulting air-mass-independent correction factors for the EM27/SUN data were 0.9878 for CO2 and 0.9829 for CH4.
Johan Strandgren, David Krutz, Jonas Wilzewski, Carsten Paproth, Ilse Sebastian, Kevin R. Gurney, Jianming Liang, Anke Roiger, and André Butz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2887–2904, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2887-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2887-2020, 2020
Short summary
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This paper presents the concept of a spaceborne imaging spectrometer targeting the routine monitoring of CO2 emissions from localized point sources down to an emission strength of about 1 Mt CO2 yr-1. Using high-resolution CO2 emission and albedo data, it is shown that CO2 plumes from point sources with an emission strength down to the order of 0.3 Mt CO2 yr-1 can be resolved in an urban environment (when limited by instrument noise only), hence leaving significant margin for additional errors.
Anna-Leah Nickl, Mariano Mertens, Anke Roiger, Andreas Fix, Axel Amediek, Alina Fiehn, Christoph Gerbig, Michal Galkowski, Astrid Kerkweg, Theresa Klausner, Maximilian Eckl, and Patrick Jöckel
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1925–1943, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1925-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1925-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the global and regional chemistry–climate model system MECO(n), we implemented a forecast system to support the planning of measurement campaign research flights with chemical weather forecasts. We applied this system for the first time to provide 6 d forecasts in support of the CoMet 1.0
campaign targeting methane emitted from coal mining ventilation shafts in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. We describe the new forecast system and evaluate its forecast skill.
Tyler M. Bell, Petra Klein, Norman Wildmann, and Robert Menke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1357–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1357-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1357-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the utility of using multi-Doppler retrievals during the Perdigão 2017 campaign. By combining scans from the multitude of Doppler lidars, it was possible to derive virtual towers that greatly extend the range of traditional in situ meteorological towers. Uncertainties from the measurements are analyzed and discussed. Despite multiple sources of error, it was found that the virtual towers are useful for analyzing the complex flows observed during the campaign.
Jonas Simon Wilzewski, Anke Roiger, Johan Strandgren, Jochen Landgraf, Dietrich G. Feist, Voltaire A. Velazco, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Isamu Morino, Hirofumi Ohyama, Yao Té, Rigel Kivi, Thorsten Warneke, Justus Notholt, Manvendra Dubey, Ralf Sussmann, Markus Rettinger, Frank Hase, Kei Shiomi, and André Butz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 731–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-731-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-731-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Through spectral degradation of GOSAT measurements in the 1.6 and 2.0 μm spectral bands, we mimic a single-band, passive satellite sensor for monitoring of CO2 emissions at fine spatial scales. We compare retrievals of XCO2 from these bands to TCCON and native GOSAT retrievals. At spectral resolutions near 1.3 nm, XCO2 retrievals from both bands show promising performance, but the 2.0 μm band is favorable due to better noise performance and the potential to retrieve some aerosol information.
Norman Wildmann, Nicola Bodini, Julie K. Lundquist, Ludovic Bariteau, and Johannes Wagner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6401–6423, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6401-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6401-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulence is the variation of wind velocity on short timescales. In this study we introduce a new method to measure turbulence in a two-dimensionial plane with lidar instruments. The method allows for the detection and quantification of subareas of distinct turbulence conditions in the observed plane. We compare the results to point and profile measurements with more established instruments. It is shown that turbulence below low-level jets and in wind turbine wakes can be investigated this way.
Johannes Wagner, Norman Wildmann, and Thomas Gerz
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-77, 2019
Preprint retracted
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of a forest parameterization on the simulation of boundary layer flows over complex terrain is investigated. Short- and long-term simulations are run for 12 hours and 1.5 months, respectively, with and without forest parameterization and the results are compared to lidar and meteorological tower observations. The test cases are based on the Perdigao 2017 campaign.
Andreas Luther, Ralph Kleinschek, Leon Scheidweiler, Sara Defratyka, Mila Stanisavljevic, Andreas Forstmaier, Alexandru Dandocsi, Sebastian Wolff, Darko Dubravica, Norman Wildmann, Julian Kostinek, Patrick Jöckel, Anna-Leah Nickl, Theresa Klausner, Frank Hase, Matthias Frey, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Jarosław Nȩcki, Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, Anke Roiger, and André Butz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5217–5230, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5217-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5217-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Methane ventilated from hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian
Coal Basin in Poland is measured with a mobile Fourier transform spectrometer EM27/SUN. The instrument was mounted on a truck driving in stop-and-go patterns downwind of the methane sources. The emissions are estimated with the cross-sectional flux method. Calculated emissions are in broad agreement with the E-PRTR database. Wind-related errors on the methane estimates dominate the error budget and typically amount to 20 %.
Christian Mallaun, Andreas Giez, Georg J. Mayr, and Mathias W. Rotach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9769–9786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9769-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9769-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents airborne measurements in shallow convection over land to investigate the dynamic properties of clouds focusing on possible narrow downdraughts in the surrounding of the clouds. A characteristic narrow downdraught region (
subsiding shell) is found directly outside the cloud borders for the mean vertical wind distribution. The
subsiding shellresults from the distribution of the highly variable updraughts and downdraughts in the near vicinity of the cloud.
Julian Kostinek, Anke Roiger, Kenneth J. Davis, Colm Sweeney, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Bianca Baier, Frank Hase, Jochen Groß, Maximilian Eckl, Theresa Klausner, and André Butz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1767–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1767-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1767-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate the successful adaption of a laser-based spectrometer for airborne in situ trace gas measurements. The modified instrument allows for precise and simultaneous airborne observation of five climatologically relevant gases. We further report on instrument performance during a first field deployment over the eastern and central USA.
Johannes Wagner, Thomas Gerz, Norman Wildmann, and Kira Gramitzky
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1129–1146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1129-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term WRF-LES simulations were performed with a horizontal resolution of 200 m for a period of 49 days during the Perdigão campaign. Simulation results were used to characterize the meteorological conditions and to analyse characteristic flow patterns. It could be shown that thermally driven flows including low-level jets frequently occurred during the observation period. Model results were in very good agreement with observations in spite of the long simulation time.
Norman Wildmann, Nikola Vasiljevic, and Thomas Gerz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3801–3814, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3801-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3801-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Wind turbines extract energy from the flow which manifests in a region of lower wind speeds and increased turbulence downstream of the rotor, the so-called wake. Understanding the characteristics of the wake is a key challenge for wind-energy research. A new strategy for measuring the wind in the wake with three synchronized lidar instruments is presented. The measurement points are automatically adapted to the prevailing wind direction to achieve continuous monitoring of wake properties.
Romy Heller, Christiane Voigt, Stuart Beaton, Andreas Dörnbrack, Andreas Giez, Stefan Kaufmann, Christian Mallaun, Hans Schlager, Johannes Wagner, Kate Young, and Markus Rapp
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14853–14869, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14853-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14853-2017, 2017
Jean-Christophe Raut, Louis Marelle, Jerome D. Fast, Jennie L. Thomas, Bernadett Weinzierl, Katharine S. Law, Larry K. Berg, Anke Roiger, Richard C. Easter, Katharina Heimerl, Tatsuo Onishi, Julien Delanoë, and Hans Schlager
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10969–10995, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10969-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10969-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We study the cross-polar transport of plumes from Siberian fires to the Arctic in summer, both in terms of transport pathways and efficiency of deposition processes. Those plumes containing soot may originate from anthropogenic and biomass burning sources in mid-latitude regions and may impact the Arctic climate by depositing on snow and ice surfaces. We evaluate the role of the respective source contributions, investigate the transport of plumes and treat pathway-dependent removal of particles.
Johannes Wagner, Andreas Dörnbrack, Markus Rapp, Sonja Gisinger, Benedikt Ehard, Martina Bramberger, Benjamin Witschas, Fernando Chouza, Stephan Rahm, Christian Mallaun, Gerd Baumgarten, and Peter Hoor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4031–4052, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4031-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4031-2017, 2017
Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Jean-Christophe Raut, Kathy S. Law, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lasse Johansson, Anke Roiger, Hans Schlager, Jin Kim, Anja Reiter, and Bernadett Weinzierl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2359–2379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2359-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2359-2016, 2016
C. Mallaun, A. Giez, and R. Baumann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 3177–3196, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3177-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3177-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate a calibration method for the three-dimensional wind measurements on a research aircraft, which are strongly influenced by dynamical effects during flight. We correct these errors step by step after an extensive test flight program including new methods to gain optimum correction coefficients and a direct estimation of the residual errors. The overall error, estimated with a novel error propagation scheme, is 0.3 m/s for the horizontal and 0.2 m/s for the vertical wind.
E. Päschke, R. Leinweber, and V. Lehmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2251–2266, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2251-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2251-2015, 2015
B. Altstädter, A. Platis, B. Wehner, A. Scholtz, N. Wildmann, M. Hermann, R. Käthner, H. Baars, J. Bange, and A. Lampert
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1627-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1627-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The unmanned research aircraft Carolo P360 "ALADINA" is a flexible tool for investigating the horizontal and vertical distribution of freshly formed particles in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) combined with measurements of turbulent fluxes derived by fast meteorological sensors. First results of a feasibility study show, among others, events of particle bursts in an internal
layer of the ABL. Comparisons with ground-based instruments and a lidar present the reliability of the new system.
M. Lothon, F. Lohou, D. Pino, F. Couvreux, E. R. Pardyjak, J. Reuder, J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, P Durand, O. Hartogensis, D. Legain, P. Augustin, B. Gioli, D. H. Lenschow, I. Faloona, C. Yagüe, D. C. Alexander, W. M. Angevine, E Bargain, J. Barrié, E. Bazile, Y. Bezombes, E. Blay-Carreras, A. van de Boer, J. L. Boichard, A. Bourdon, A. Butet, B. Campistron, O. de Coster, J. Cuxart, A. Dabas, C. Darbieu, K. Deboudt, H. Delbarre, S. Derrien, P. Flament, M. Fourmentin, A. Garai, F. Gibert, A. Graf, J. Groebner, F. Guichard, M. A. Jiménez, M. Jonassen, A. van den Kroonenberg, V. Magliulo, S. Martin, D. Martinez, L. Mastrorillo, A. F. Moene, F. Molinos, E. Moulin, H. P. Pietersen, B. Piguet, E. Pique, C. Román-Cascón, C. Rufin-Soler, F. Saïd, M. Sastre-Marugán, Y. Seity, G. J. Steeneveld, P. Toscano, O. Traullé, D. Tzanos, S. Wacker, N. Wildmann, and A. Zaldei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10931–10960, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10931-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10931-2014, 2014
N. Wildmann, F. Kaufmann, and J. Bange
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3059–3069, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3059-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3059-2014, 2014
N. Wildmann, M. Hofsäß, F. Weimer, A. Joos, and J. Bange
Adv. Sci. Res., 11, 55–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-55-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-55-2014, 2014
N. Wildmann, S. Ravi, and J. Bange
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1027–1041, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1027-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1027-2014, 2014
N. Wildmann, M. Mauz, and J. Bange
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2101–2113, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2101-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2101-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Others (Wind, Precipitation, Temperature, etc.) | Technique: Remote Sensing | Topic: Data Processing and Information Retrieval
Filtering of pulsed lidar data using spatial information and a clustering algorithm
Variability of the Brunt–Väisälä frequency at the OH∗-airglow layer height at low and midlatitudes
Intra-annual variations of spectrally resolved gravity wave activity in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere (UMLT) region
Removing spurious inertial instability signals from gravity wave temperature perturbations using spectral filtering methods
Improved SIFTER v2 algorithm for long-term GOME-2A satellite retrievals of fluorescence with a correction for instrument degradation
Optimised degradation correction for SCIAMACHY satellite solar measurements from 330 to 1600 nm by using the internal white light source
Rain event detection in commercial microwave link attenuation data using convolutional neural networks
Preliminary investigation of the relationship between differential phase shift and path-integrated attenuation at the X band frequency in an Alpine environment
The development of rainfall retrievals from radar at Darwin
Real-Time Estimation of Airflow Vector based on Lidar Observations for Preview Control
Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar
Retrieved wind speed from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2
Methodology for deriving the telescope focus function and its uncertainty for a heterodyne pulsed Doppler lidar
Update of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) channel selection with correlated observation errors for numerical weather prediction (NWP)
Learning about the vertical structure of radar reflectivity using hydrometeor classes and neural networks in the Swiss Alps
Toward a variational assimilation of polarimetric radar observations in a convective-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model
Detecting turbulent structures on single Doppler lidar large datasets: an automated classification method for horizontal scans
Probabilistic analysis of ambiguities in radar echo direction of arrival from meteors
Estimating raindrop size distributions using microwave link measurements: potential and limitations
An LES-based airborne Doppler lidar simulator and its application to wind profiling in inhomogeneous flow conditions
Analysis of flow in complex terrain using multi-Doppler lidar retrievals
Unsupervised classification of vertical profiles of dual polarization radar variables
Monitoring the differential reflectivity and receiver calibration of the German polarimetric weather radar network
Classification of Lidar Measurements Using Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Methods
A channel selection method for hyperspectral atmospheric infrared sounders based on layering
Improved fuzzy logic method to distinguish between meteorological and non-meteorological echoes using C-band polarimetric radar data
Advanced hodograph-based analysis technique to derive gravity-wave parameters from lidar observations
Rayleigh wind retrieval for the ALADIN airborne demonstrator of the Aeolus mission using simulated response calibration
Determining the daytime Earth radiative flux from National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR) measurements
Determination of time-varying periodicities in unequally spaced time series of OH* temperatures using a moving Lomb–Scargle periodogram and a fast calculation of the false alarm probabilities
A GPS water vapour tomography method based on a genetic algorithm
kCARTA: a fast pseudo line-by-line radiative transfer algorithm with analytic Jacobians, fluxes, nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium, and scattering for the infrared
Potential for the measurement of mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) wind, temperature, density and geomagnetic field with Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder 2 (SMILES-2)
Estimation of turbulence dissipation rate from Doppler wind lidars and in situ instrumentation for the Perdigão 2017 campaign
An experimental 2D-Var retrieval using AMSR2
Retrieval of intrinsic mesospheric gravity wave parameters using lidar and airglow temperature and meteor radar wind data
Determination of ice water content (IWC) in tropical convective clouds from X-band dual-polarization airborne radar
Retrieval of temperature from a multiple channel pure rotational Raman backscatter lidar using an optimal estimation method
Combined use of volume radar observations and high-resolution numerical weather predictions to estimate precipitation at the ground: methodology and proof of concept
A Gaussian mixture method for specific differential phase retrieval at X-band frequency
Analysis of the lightning production of convective cells
Detecting the Melting Layer with a Micro Rain Radar Using a Neural Network Approach
Multiple technical observations of the atmospheric boundary layer structure of a red-alert haze episode in Beijing
Characterization of shallow oceanic precipitation using profiling and scanning radar observations at the Eastern North Atlantic ARM observatory
Assimilation of GNSS tomography products into the Weather Research and Forecasting model using radio occultation data assimilation operator
Tropopause altitude determination from temperature profile measurements of reduced vertical resolution
A generalized simulation capability for rotating- beam scatterometers
Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain
Polarimetric radar characteristics of lightning initiation and propagating channels
Processing and quality control of FY-3C GNOS data used in numerical weather prediction applications
Leonardo Alcayaga
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6237–6254, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6237-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6237-2020, 2020
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Wind lidars present advantages over meteorological masts, including simultaneous multipoint observations, flexibility in measuring geometry, and reduced installation cost. But wind lidars come with the cost of increased complexity in terms of data quality and analysis. The common carrier-to-noise ratio and median filters are compared to the DBSCAN clustering algorithm to find improved data quality and recovery rate.
Sabine Wüst, Michael Bittner, Jeng-Hwa Yee, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6067–6093, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6067-2020, 2020
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With airglow spectrometers, the temperature in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere can be derived each night. The data allow to estimate the amount of energy which is transported by small-scale atmospheric waves, known as gravity waves. In order to do this, information about the Brunt–Väisälä frequency and its evolution during the year is necessary. This is provided here for low and midlatitudes based on 18 years of satellite data.
René Sedlak, Alexandra Zuhr, Carsten Schmidt, Sabine Wüst, Michael Bittner, Goderdzi G. Didebulidze, and Colin Price
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5117–5128, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5117-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5117-2020, 2020
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Gravity wave (GW) activity in the UMLT in the period range 6-480 min is calculated by applying a wavelet analysis to nocturnal temperature time series derived from OH* airglow spectrometers. We analyse measurements from eight different locations at different latitudes.
GW activity shows strong period dependence. We find hardly any seasonal variability for periods below 60 min and a semi-annual cycle for periods longer than 60 min that evolves into an annual cycle around a period of 200 min.
Cornelia Strube, Manfred Ern, Peter Preusse, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4927–4945, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4927-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4927-2020, 2020
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We present how inertial instabilities affect gravity wave background removal filters on different temperature data sets. Vertical filtering has to remove a part of the gravity wave spectrum to eliminate inertial instability remnants, while horizontal filtering leaves typical gravity wave scales untouched. In addition, we show that it is possible to separate inertial instabilities from gravity wave perturbations for infrared limb-sounding satellite profiles using a cutoff zonal wavenumber of 6.
Erik van Schaik, Maurits L. Kooreman, Piet Stammes, L. Gijsbert Tilstra, Olaf N. E. Tuinder, Abram F. J. Sanders, Willem W. Verstraeten, Rüdiger Lang, Alessandra Cacciari, Joanna Joiner, Wouter Peters, and K. Folkert Boersma
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4295–4315, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4295-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4295-2020, 2020
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With our improved algorithm we have generated a stable, long-term dataset of fluorescence measurements from the GOME-2A satellite instrument. In this study we determined a correction for the degradation of GOME-2A in orbit and applied this correction along with other improvements to our SIFTER v2 retrieval algorithm. The result is a coherent dataset of daily and monthly averaged fluorescence values for the period 2007–2018 to track worldwide changes in photosynthetic activity by vegetation.
Tina Hilbig, Klaus Bramstedt, Mark Weber, John P. Burrows, and Matthijs Krijger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3893–3907, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3893-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3893-2020, 2020
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One of the main limitations for long-term space-based measurements is
instrument degradation. We present an optimisation of the
degradation correction approach (Krijger et al. 2014) for SCIAMACHY
on-board Envisat, focusing on the improvement of the solar spectral
irradiance data. The main achievement of this study is the
successful integration of SCIAMACHY’s internal white light source
(WLS) into the existing degradation model and the
characterisation of WLS ageing in space.
Julius Polz, Christian Chwala, Maximilian Graf, and Harald Kunstmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3835–3853, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3835-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3835-2020, 2020
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Commercial microwave link (CML) networks can be used to estimate path-averaged rain rates. This study evaluates the ability of convolutional neural networks to distinguish between wet and dry periods in CML time series data and the ability to transfer this detection skill to sensors not used for training. Our data set consists of several months of data from 3904 CMLs covering all of Germany. Compared to a previously used detection method, we could show a significant increase in performance.
Guy Delrieu, Anil Kumar Khanal, Nan Yu, Frédéric Cazenave, Brice Boudevillain, and Nicolas Gaussiat
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3731–3749, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3731-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3731-2020, 2020
Robert Jackson, Scott Collis, Valentin Louf, Alain Protat, Die Wang, Scott Giangrande, Elizabeth J. Thompson, Brenda Dolan, and Scott W. Powell
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-253, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-253, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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Four years of 2D video disdrometer data in Darwin are used to develop and validate rainfall retrievals for tropical convection in C- and X- band radars in Darwin. Using blended techniques previously used for Colorado and Manus and Gan Island, with modified coefficients in each estimator, provided the most optimal results. Using specific attenuation for developing radar estimators provided no advantage over the use of other radar observables.
Ryota Kikuchi, Takashi Misaka, Shigeru Obayashi, and Hamaki Inokuchi
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-106, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-106, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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The control technique in a gust alleviation system by using the airborne Doppler Lidar is expected to minimize the risks of turbulence-related accidents. Accurate estimation of the vertical wind are important in the successful implementation of a gust alleviation system. An estimation algorithm of airflow vector based on the Lidars is proposed for preview control. The estimation performance and the computational cost of the proposed method can satisfy the performance demand for preview control.
Andreas Behrendt, Volker Wulfmeyer, Christoph Senff, Shravan Kumar Muppa, Florian Späth, Diego Lange, Norbert Kalthoff, and Andreas Wieser
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3221–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3221-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3221-2020, 2020
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In order to understand how solar radiation energy hitting the ground is distributed into the atmosphere, we use a new combination of laser-based remote-sensing techniques to quantify these energy fluxes up to heights of more than 1 km above ground. Before, similar techniques had already been presented for determining the energy flux component regarding the exchange of humidity but not the warm air itself. Now, we show that this can also be measured by remote sensing with low uncertainties.
Robert R. Nelson, Annmarie Eldering, David Crisp, Aronne J. Merrelli, and Christopher W. O'Dell
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-180, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-180, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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Measurements of surface wind speed over oceans are scientifically useful. Here we show that the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), originally designed to measure carbon dioxide using reflected sunlight, can also accurately and precisely measure wind speed. OCO-2's high spatial resolution means that it can observe close to coastlines and therefore be used to study coastal wind processes and inform related economic sectors.
Pyry Pentikäinen, Ewan James O'Connor, Antti Juhani Manninen, and Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2849–2863, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2849-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2849-2020, 2020
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We provide a methodology for obtaining a function describing how the Doppler lidar telescope configuration
impacts the measurements. Together with the function itself, we also provide the uncertainties in the function, which propagate through to provide uncertainties in the geophysical quantities obtained from the measurements. The method can be used to determine how stable the instrument is over time and also identify if changes have been made in the instrument setup.
Olivier Coopmann, Vincent Guidard, Nadia Fourrié, Béatrice Josse, and Virginie Marécal
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2659–2680, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2659-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2659-2020, 2020
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The objective of this paper is to make a new selection of IASI channels by taking into account inter-channel observation-error correlations. Our selection further reduces the analysis error by 3 % in temperature, 1.8 % in humidity and 0.9 % in ozone compared to Collard’s selection, when using the same number of channels. A selection of 400 IASI channels is proposed at the end of the paper which is able to further reduce analysis errors.
Floor van den Heuvel, Loris Foresti, Marco Gabella, Urs Germann, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2481–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2481-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2481-2020, 2020
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In areas with reduced visibility at the ground level, radar precipitation measurements higher up in the atmosphere need to be extrapolated to the ground and be corrected for the vertical change (i.e. growth and transformation) of precipitation. This study proposes a method based on hydrometeor proportions and machine learning (ML) to apply these corrections at smaller spatiotemporal scales. In comparison with existing techniques, the ML methods can make predictions from higher altitudes.
Guillaume Thomas, Jean-François Mahfouf, and Thibaut Montmerle
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2279–2298, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2279-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2279-2020, 2020
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This paper presents the potential of a polarimetric weather radar observation operator for hydrometeor content initialization. The non-linear operator allows to simulate ZHH, ZDR, KDP and ρHV, using the T-Matrix method, prognostic variables forecasted by the AROME-France NWP model and a one-moment microphysical scheme. After sensitivity studies, it has been found that ZHH and ZDR are good candidates for hydrometeor initialization and that KDP seems useful for rain content only.
Ioannis Cheliotis, Elsa Dieudonné, Hervé Delbarre, Anton Sokolov, Egor Dmitriev, Patrick Augustin, and Marc Fourmentin
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-82, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-82, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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The current study presents an automated method to classify turbulent structures near the surface, based on the observations recorded by a single scanning Doppler lidar. This methodology combines texture analysis with a supervised machine learning algorithm in order to study large datasets. The algorithm classified correctly about 91 % cases of a training ensemble (150 scans). Furthermore the results of a two-months classified dataset (4577 scans) by the algorithm are presented.
Daniel Kastinen and Johan Kero
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-157, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-157, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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The behavior of position determination with interferometric radar systems and possible ambiguities therein depend on the spatial configuration of the radar receiving antennas and their individual characteristics. We have simulated the position determination performance of five different radar systems. These simulation showed that ambiguities are dynamic and need to be examined on a case by case basis. However, the simulations can be used to analyse and understand previously ambiguous data.
Thomas C. van Leth, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1797–1815, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1797-2020, 2020
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We present a method of using collocated microwave link instruments to estimate the average size distribution of raindrops along a path of several kilometers. Our method is validated using simulated fields as well as five laser disdrometers installed along a path. We also present preliminary results from an experimental setup measuring at 26 and 38 GHz along a 2.2 km path. We show that a retrieval on the basis of microwave links can be highly accurate, provided the base power level is stable.
Philipp Gasch, Andreas Wieser, Julie K. Lundquist, and Norbert Kalthoff
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1609–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1609-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1609-2020, 2020
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We present an airborne Doppler lidar simulator (ADLS) based on high-resolution atmospheric wind fields (LES). The ADLS is used to evaluate the retrieval accuracy of airborne wind profiling under turbulent, inhomogeneous wind field conditions inside the boundary layer. With the ADLS, the error due to the violation of the wind field homogeneity assumption used for retrieval can be revealed. For the conditions considered, flow inhomogeneities exert a dominant influence on wind profiling error.
Tyler M. Bell, Petra Klein, Norman Wildmann, and Robert Menke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1357–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1357-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1357-2020, 2020
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This study investigates the utility of using multi-Doppler retrievals during the Perdigão 2017 campaign. By combining scans from the multitude of Doppler lidars, it was possible to derive virtual towers that greatly extend the range of traditional in situ meteorological towers. Uncertainties from the measurements are analyzed and discussed. Despite multiple sources of error, it was found that the virtual towers are useful for analyzing the complex flows observed during the campaign.
Jussi Tiira and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1227–1241, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1227-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1227-2020, 2020
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Modern weather radars are sensitive for properties of precipitating snow particles, such as their sizes, shapes and number concentration. Vertical profiles of such radar measurements can be used for studying the processes through which snow is formed. We created a profile classification method for this purpose, and we show how it can be used for automatic identification of snow growth processes. Being able to identify the processes is expected to improve radar-based precipitation estimation.
Michael Frech and John Hubbert
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1051–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1051-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1051-2020, 2020
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The prime source of the temperature sensitivity of ZDR can be attributed to the antenna assembly. This result is based on over 2000 solar box scans. These data also reveal that there is a 0.6 dB decrease in gain for a 10 °C temperature increase, which directly relates to a bias of the radar reflectivity factor Z, which has not been not accounted for previously. The ZDR variability in and ZDR calibration performance of the German weather radar network are shown.
Ghazal Farhani, Robert J. Sica, and Mark Joseph Daley
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-495, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-495, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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While it is relatively straightforward to automate the processing of lidar signals, it is difficult to automatically preprocess the measurements to distinguish between "good" and "bad" scans. It is easy to train humans to perform the task; however, considering the growing number of measurements, it is a time consuming, on-going process. We have tested some machine learning algorithms for lidar signal classification and had success with both supervised and unsupervised methods.
Shujie Chang, Zheng Sheng, Huadong Du, Wei Ge, and Wei Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 629–644, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-629-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-629-2020, 2020
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Because a satellite channel’s ability to resolve hyperspectral data varies with height, an improved channel selection method is proposed based on information content. An improved channel selection scheme (ICS) for a hyperspectral atmospheric infrared sounder using AIRS data based on layering is proposed. The accuracy of the retrieval temperature is improved by using our method, which means the ICS method selected in this paper is feasible and shows great promise for various applications.
Shuai Zhang, Xingyou Huang, Jinzhong Min, Zhigang Chu, Xiaoran Zhuang, and Hengheng Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 537–551, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-537-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-537-2020, 2020
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The discrimination between meteorological and non-meteorological echoes is necessary to obtain better meteorological application performance. However, the widely used algorithms have high expectations for polarimetric data, which have similar characteristics between meteorological and non-meteorological echoes in the weak-signal regions. Therefore, an improved fuzzy logic method is proposed in this paper to improve the classification performance in weak-signal regions.
Irina Strelnikova, Gerd Baumgarten, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 479–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-479-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-479-2020, 2020
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One of the major problems of climate and weather modeling is atmospheric gravity waves. All measured meteorological parameters such as winds and temperature reveal superposition of large-scale background field and small-scale features created by waves. We developed an analysis technique that decomposes the measured winds and temperature into single waves, which allows for a detailed description of wave parameters. Application of this technique will improve understanding of atmospheric dynamics.
Xiaochun Zhai, Uwe Marksteiner, Fabian Weiler, Christian Lemmerz, Oliver Lux, Benjamin Witschas, and Oliver Reitebuch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 445–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-445-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-445-2020, 2020
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An airborne prototype called A2D was developed for validating the Aeolus measurement principle based on realistic atmospheric signals. However, the atmospheric and instrumental variability currently limit the reliability and repeatability of the measured Rayleigh response calibration (MRRC), which is a prerequisite for accurate wind retrieval. A procedure for a simulated Rayleigh response calibration (SRRC) is developed and presented to resolve these limitations of the A2D Rayleigh channel MRRC.
Wenying Su, Patrick Minnis, Lusheng Liang, David P. Duda, Konstantin Khlopenkov, Mandana M. Thieman, Yinan Yu, Allan Smith, Steven Lorentz, Daniel Feldman, and Francisco P. J. Valero
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 429–443, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-429-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-429-2020, 2020
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The Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) provides continuous full-disk global broadband irradiance measurements over most of the sunlit side of the Earth. The three active cavity radiometers measure the total radiant energy from the sunlit side of the Earth in shortwave (SW; 0.2–4 µm), total (0.4–100 µm), and near-infrared (NIR; 0.7–4 µm) channels. In this paper, the algorithm used to derive daytime shortwave and longwave fluxes from NISTAR measurements is presented.
Christoph Kalicinsky, Robert Reisch, Peter Knieling, and Ralf Koppmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 467–477, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-467-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-467-2020, 2020
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This study presents an approach to analyse unequally spaced time series of OH* temperatures with respect to time-varying periodic fluctuations. The approach is based on the classical Lomb–Scargle periodogram and, additionally, the idea of a moving window is used. Furthermore, a fast and easy way to analyse the significance of the results is presented. The general performance of the approach is tested with artificially generated time series and results for real observations are presented.
Fei Yang, Jiming Guo, Junbo Shi, Xiaolin Meng, Yinzhi Zhao, Lv Zhou, and Di Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 355–371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-355-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-355-2020, 2020
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The development of GPS station networks that provide rich data sources containing atmospheric information will enable more GPS applications in the field of meteorology. This study describes a genetic algorithm for the water vapour tomography; overcomes the ill-conditioned problem; and eliminates the reliance on excessive constraints, priori information, and external data. It is proven in the paper that accurate 3-D water vapour distribution can be provided by this study for atmospheric research.
Sergio DeSouza-Machado, L. Larrabee Strow, Howard Motteler, and Scott Hannon
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 323–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-323-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-323-2020, 2020
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The current instruments being used for weather forecasting and climate require accurate radiative transfer codes to process the acquired data. In addition the codes are becoming more realistic, as they can now account for the effects of cloud and aerosols, rather than only simulating radiances for a clear sky. We describe a fast, accurate, and general purpose code that we have developed to help model data from these instruments.
Philippe Baron, Satoshi Ochiai, Eric Dupuy, Richard Larsson, Huixin Liu, Naohiro Manago, Donal Murtagh, Shin-ichiro Oyama, Hideo Sagawa, Akinori Saito, Takatoshi Sakazaki, Masato Shiotani, and Makoto Suzuki
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 219–237, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-219-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-219-2020, 2020
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Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder 2 (SMILES-2) is a satellite mission proposed in Japan to probe the middle and upper atmosphere (20–160 km). The key products are wind, temperature and density. If selected, this mission could provide new insights into vertical coupling in the atmosphere and could help improve weather and climate models. We conducted simulation studies to assess the measurement performances in the altitude range 60–110 km, with a special focus on the geomagnetic effects.
Norman Wildmann, Nicola Bodini, Julie K. Lundquist, Ludovic Bariteau, and Johannes Wagner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6401–6423, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6401-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6401-2019, 2019
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Turbulence is the variation of wind velocity on short timescales. In this study we introduce a new method to measure turbulence in a two-dimensionial plane with lidar instruments. The method allows for the detection and quantification of subareas of distinct turbulence conditions in the observed plane. We compare the results to point and profile measurements with more established instruments. It is shown that turbulence below low-level jets and in wind turbine wakes can be investigated this way.
David Ian Duncan, Patrick Eriksson, and Simon Pfreundschuh
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6341–6359, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6341-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6341-2019, 2019
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The overlapping beams of some satellite observations contain spatial information that is discarded by most data processing techniques. This study applies an established technique in a new way to improve the spatial resolution of retrieval targets, effectively using the overlapping information to achieve a higher ultimate resolution. It is argued that this is a more optimal use of the total information available from current microwave sensors, using AMSR2 as an example.
Robert Reichert, Bernd Kaifler, Natalie Kaifler, Markus Rapp, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, Alexander Kozlovsky, Mark Lester, and Rigel Kivi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5997–6015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5997-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5997-2019, 2019
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To determine gravity wave properties like wavelengths, periods and propagation directions at mesospheric altitudes (∼ 86 km) we combine lidar and airglow temperature and meteor radar wind data. By means of wavelet transformation we investigate the wave field and determine intrinsic wave properties as functions of time and period. We are able to identify several gravity wave packets by their distinct propagation and discover a superposition with possible wave–wave and wave–mean-flow interaction.
Cuong M. Nguyen, Mengistu Wolde, and Alexei Korolev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5897–5911, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5897-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5897-2019, 2019
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This paper presents a methodology for high ice water content (HIWC) (up to 3.5 g m−3) retrieval from a dual-polarization side-looking X-band airborne radar. Zdr and Kdp are used to mitigate the effects of ice crystal shape and orientation on the variation in IWC – specific differential phase (Kdp) joint distribution. Empirical analysis shows that the proposed method improves the estimation bias by 35 % and increases the correlation by 4 % on average, compared to the method using Kdp alone.
Shayamila Mahagammulla Gamage, Robert J. Sica, Giovanni Martucci, and Alexander Haefele
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5801–5816, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5801-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5801-2019, 2019
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We present a new method for retrieving temperature from pure rotational Raman (PRR) lidar measurements using an optimal estimation method. We show that the error due to calibration can be reduced significantly using our method. The new method is tested on PRR temperature measurements from the MeteoSwiss Raman Lidar for Meteorological Observations system in different sky conditions. The next step is to assimilate the temperature profiles into models to help improve weather forecasts.
Tony Le Bastard, Olivier Caumont, Nicolas Gaussiat, and Fatima Karbou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5669–5684, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5669-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5669-2019, 2019
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The estimation of surface rainfall from radars becomes less effective at long ranges or in mountainous regions where the radar beam is far from the ground. The method proposed in this paper investigates how vertical profiles simulated from high-resolution model can be used to predict the evolution of the precipitation below the radar beam. Our results show that this novel method leads to better results than the current operational methods that either use climatological or idealised profiles.
Guang Wen, Neil I. Fox, and Patrick S. Market
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5613–5637, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5613-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5613-2019, 2019
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In this study, we propose a probabilistic method based on the Gaussian mixture model to estimate the slope of a data profile. The Gaussian mixture method (GMM) not only obtains the expected value of the slope by differentiating the conditional expectation of the data, but also yields the variance of the slope regarding the errors in the calculation of the first derivative.
Jordi Figueras i Ventura, Nicolau Pineda, Nikola Besic, Jacopo Grazioli, Alessandro Hering, Oscar A. van der Velde, David Romero, Antonio Sunjerga, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Mohammad Azadifar, Marcos Rubinstein, Joan Montanyà, Urs Germann, and Farhad Rachidi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5573–5591, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5573-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5573-2019, 2019
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This paper presents an analysis of the lightning production of convective cells. Polarimetric weather radar data were used to identify and characterize the convective cells while lightning was detected using the EUCLID network and a lightning mapping array deployed during the summer of 2017 in the northeastern part of Switzerland. In it we show that there is a good correlation between the height of the rimed-particle column and the intensity of the lightning activity in the convective cell.
Maren Brast and Piet Markmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-248, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-248, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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An artificial neural network was trained to identify melting layers in micro rain radar data. It was successfully tested on simple and complex cases, which are difficult to identify for classical approaches, while also providing information on melting layer width.
Yu Shi, Fei Hu, Guangqiang Fan, and Zhe Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4887–4901, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4887-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4887-2019, 2019
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In this paper, the boundary layer structure, and especially turbulence characteristics, were studied during a severe pollution episode. The data were taken from multiple observation techniques, such as lidar, wind profiler radar, radiosonde and a 325 m meteorological tower. Vertical distribution of wind and temperature, evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height, and turbulent flux quantities were compared and analyzed.
Katia Lamer, Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras, Zeen Zhu, Bradley Isom, Nitin Bharadwaj, and Pavlos Kollias
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4931–4947, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4931-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4931-2019, 2019
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This article describes the three newly deployed second-generation radar of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. Techniques to retrieve precipitation rate from their measurements are presented: noise and clutter filtering, gas and liquid attenuation correction, and radar reflectivity calibration. Rain rate for a 40 km radius domain around Graciosa estimated from all three radar differ, which highlights the need to consider sensor capabilities when interpreting radar measurements.
Natalia Hanna, Estera Trzcina, Gregor Möller, Witold Rohm, and Robert Weber
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4829–4848, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4829-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4829-2019, 2019
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In the study, the potential of GNSS tomography as an important supplementary data source for numerical weather prediction models was examined. We used two GNSS tomography models (TUW, WUELS) in different configurations. The GNSS tomography outputs were assimilated into the WRF model using a radio occultation observations operator (non-standard approach). Promising results show improvement in the weather forecasting of relative humidity and temperature during heavy-precipitation events.
Nils König, Peter Braesicke, and Thomas von Clarmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4113–4129, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4113-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4113-2019, 2019
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Inference of the tropopause from temperature profiles of finite vertical resolution entails an uncertainty of the tropopause altitude. We assess this effect by degrading the resolution of the sonde data. The tropopause altitude inferred from coarse grid profiles was found to be lower than that inferred from the original profiles for tropical and midlatitudinal radiosonde profiles. The mean displacement of the lapse rate tropopause inferred from a 3 km resolution profile is −400 m for Hilo.
Zhen Li, Ad Stoffelen, and Anton Verhoef
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3573–3594, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3573-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3573-2019, 2019
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This paper presents a generic simulation rotating-beam scatterometer scheme, which includes pencil-beam and fan-beam instruments. SCAT (CFOSAT), WindRAD, and SeaWinds are chosen to represent the current or near-future rotating-beam scatterometers. Their capacity for wind retrieval and figures of merit are analyzed and compared with each other. Increasing the number of views is able to improve the wind retrieval, but the improvement also can reach saturation with even more views.
Rebecca J. Barthelmie and Sara C. Pryor
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3463–3484, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019, 2019
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Wakes are volumes of air with low wind speed that form downwind of wind turbines. Their properties and behaviour determine optimal turbine spacing in wind farms. We use scanning Doppler lidar to accurately and precisely measure wake characteristics at a complex terrain site in Portugal. We develop and apply an automatic processing algorithm to detect wakes and quantify their characteristics. In higher wind speeds, the wake centres are lower. Wake centres are also lower in convective conditions.
Jordi Figueras i Ventura, Nicolau Pineda, Nikola Besic, Jacopo Grazioli, Alessandro Hering, Oscar A. van der Velde, David Romero, Antonio Sunjerga, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Mohammad Azadifar, Marcos Rubinstein, Joan Montanyà, Urs Germann, and Farhad Rachidi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2881–2911, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2881-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2881-2019, 2019
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This paper presents an analysis of a large dataset of lightning and polarimetric weather radar data collected over the course of a lightning measurement campaign that took place in the summer of 2017 in the area surrounding Säntis in northeastern Switzerland. We show that polarimetric weather radar data can be helpful in determining regions where lightning is more likely to occur, which is a first step towards a lightning nowcasting system.
Mi Liao, Sean Healy, and Peng Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2679–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2679-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2679-2019, 2019
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This paper describes a new method for improving the data of the Chinese radio occultation sounder, GNOS, which has large biases. The new method can effectively eliminate about 90 % of the large departures. In addition, this paper also describes the quality control (QC) for the GNOS data. The GNOS data with the new L2 extrapolation are suitable for assimilation into numerical weather prediction systems.
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