Articles | Volume 15, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1917-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1917-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 29 Mar 2022
| 29 Mar 2022
Traceable total ozone column retrievals from direct solar spectral irradiance measurements in the ultraviolet
Luca Egli
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (PMOD/WRC), 7260
Davos Dorf, Switzerland
Julian Gröbner
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (PMOD/WRC), 7260
Davos Dorf, Switzerland
Gregor Hülsen
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (PMOD/WRC), 7260
Davos Dorf, Switzerland
Herbert Schill
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (PMOD/WRC), 7260
Davos Dorf, Switzerland
René Stübi
MeteoSwiss, 1530 Payerne, Switzerland
Related authors
Karl Voglmeier, Voltaire A. Velazco, Luca Egli, Julian Gröbner, Alberto Redondas, and Wolfgang Steinbrecht
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2277–2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comparison between total ozone column (TOC) measurements from ground-based Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers generally reveals seasonally varying differences of a few percent. This study recommends a new TOC retrieval approach, which effectively eliminates these seasonally varying differences by applying new ozone absorption cross sections, appropriate slit functions for the Dobson instrument, and climatological values for the effective ozone temperature.
Luca Egli, Julian Gröbner, Herbert Schill, and Eliane Maillard Barras
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2889–2902, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2889-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2889-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a new method to retrieve total column ozone with spectral ground-based measurements from a novel array spectroradiometer. Total column ozone estimates using the small, cost-effective, and robust instrument and the new retrieval method are compared with other co-located total column ozone instruments. The comparison shows that the new system performs similarly to other well-established instruments, which require substantially more maintenance than the system introduced here.
Xiaoyi Zhao, Vitali Fioletov, Alberto Redondas, Julian Gröbner, Luca Egli, Franz Zeilinger, Javier López-Solano, Alberto Berjón Arroyo, James Kerr, Eliane Maillard Barras, Herman Smit, Michael Brohart, Reno Sit, Akira Ogyu, Ihab Abboud, and Sum Chi Lee
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2273–2295, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Brewer ozone spectrophotometer is one of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)'s standard ozone monitoring instruments since the 1980s. This work is aimed at obtaining answers to (1) why Brewer primary calibration work can only be performed at certain sites (e.g., Izaña and MLO) and (2) what is needed to assure the equivalence of calibration quality from different sites.
Angelos Karanikolas, Natalia Kouremeti, Julian Gröbner, Luca Egli, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5667–5680, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this work is to investigate the limitations of calculating long-term trends of a parameter that quantifies the overall effect of atmospheric aerosols on the solar radiation. A main finding is that even instruments with good agreement between their observations can show significantly different linear trends. By calculating time-varying trends, the trend agreement is shown to improve. We also show that different methods of trend estimation can result in significant trend differences.
Ralf Zuber, Ulf Köhler, Luca Egli, Mario Ribnitzky, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, and Julian Gröbner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4915–4928, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We validated two BTS-based systems in a longer-term TOC analysis in the 2019/2020 campaign at Hohenpeißenberg and Davos. The results showed a deviation of the BTS-Solar to Brewers of < 0.1 % with a k = 2 of < 1.5 %. Koherent showed a deviation of 1.7 % with a k = 2 of 2.7 %. Resultingly, the BTS-Solar performance is comparable to Brewers in Hohenpeißenberg. Koherent shows a seasonal variation in Davos due to the sensitivity of its TOC retrieval algorithm to stratospheric temperature.
Marek Šmíd, Geiland Porrovecchio, Jiří Tesař, Tim Burnitt, Luca Egli, Julian Grőbner, Petr Linduška, and Martin Staněk
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3573–3582, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We designed and developed a tuneable and portable radiation source (TuPS) to provide a reference wavelength scale, with a bandwidth of emitted radiation of 0.13 nm and uncertainty in wavelength of 0.02 nm. TuPS was successfully used for the in-field characterization of 14 Dobson spectrophotometers in campaigns in Europe. The line spread functions of Dobsons measured by TuPS in conjunction with the cross-sections from IUP improves the consistency between the Dobson and Brewer from 3 % to 1 %.
Julian Gröbner, Herbert Schill, Luca Egli, and René Stübi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3319–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The world's longest continuous total column ozone time series was initiated in 1926 at the Lichtklimatisches Observatorium (LKO), at Arosa, in the Swiss Alps. The measurements between Dobson and Brewer spectroradiometers have shown seasonal variations of the order of 2 %. The results of the study show that the consistency between the two instrument types can be significantly improved when the ozone cross-sections from Serdyuchenko et al. (2013) and the measured slit functions are used.
Kaisa Lakkala, Jukka Kujanpää, Colette Brogniez, Nicolas Henriot, Antti Arola, Margit Aun, Frédérique Auriol, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Germar Bernhard, Veerle De Bock, Maxime Catalfamo, Christine Deroo, Henri Diémoz, Luca Egli, Jean-Baptiste Forestier, Ilias Fountoulakis, Katerina Garane, Rosa Delia Garcia, Julian Gröbner, Seppo Hassinen, Anu Heikkilä, Stuart Henderson, Gregor Hülsen, Bjørn Johnsen, Niilo Kalakoski, Angelos Karanikolas, Tomi Karppinen, Kevin Lamy, Sergio F. León-Luis, Anders V. Lindfors, Jean-Marc Metzger, Fanny Minvielle, Harel B. Muskatel, Thierry Portafaix, Alberto Redondas, Ricardo Sanchez, Anna Maria Siani, Tove Svendby, and Johanna Tamminen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6999–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite was launched on 13 October 2017 to provide the atmospheric composition for atmosphere and climate research. Ground-based data from 25 sites located in Arctic, subarctic, temperate, equatorial and Antarctic
areas were used for the validation of the TROPOMI surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product. For most sites 60 %–80 % of TROPOMI data was within ± 20 % of ground-based data.
Dhrona Jaine, Julian Gröbner, and Wolfgang Finsterle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4030, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4030, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Solar irradiance monitoring is an integral part of climate research. But the major drawback was the larger uncertainties associated with the measurements. To minimize the uncertainties, improved calibration standards, measurement techniques and sensors were developed. In this study we are validating the a newly developed Bi-Tec sensor spectroradiometer with an average uncertainty of 0.53 % with world radiometric reference (WRR) and international system of units (SI).
Christos Spyrou, Ilias Fountoulakis, Stavros Solomos, Nikolaos Papadimitriou, Alkiviadis Bais, Julian Groebner, Daniela Meloni, and Christos Zerefos
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3570, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3570, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Dust particles originating from desert areas of the planet have significant radiative impacts on the ground and atmospheric column. The magnitude of the dust radiative effect is dependent on their optical properties and mineralogical content. Therefore, we upgrade the METAL-WRF model to incorporate the direct radiative impact of the minerals in dust. The capabilities of the model to simulate the chemical composition and associated impacts is significantly improved.
Akriti Masoom, Stelios Kazadzis, Robin Lewis Modini, Martin Gysel-Beer, Julian Gröbner, Martine Collaud Coen, Francisco Navas-Guzman, Natalia Kouremeti, Benjamin Tobias Brem, Nora Kristina Nowak, Giovanni Martucci, Maxime Hervo, and Sophie Erb
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2755, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2755, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This article aims at providing details on the special aerosol properties observed during 2023 Canadian wildfire plume transport and exploring the synergism between remote sensing and in situ measurements for investigating the cause of the occurrence of the observations of special aerosol properties.
Angelos Karanikolas, Benjamin Torres, Masahiro Momoi, Marcos Herreras-Giralda, Natalia Kouremeti, Julian Gröbner, Lionel Doppler, and Stelios Kazadzis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2061, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2061, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Several techniques retrieve of the aerosol size distribution. The Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties algorithm can retrieve aerosol size distribution parameters using only aerosol optical depth (AOD) as input that is continuously observed by sun photometers worldwide. In this study, we apply the algorithm to AOD measured by sun photometers and spectroradiometers to assess the performance and limitations of such retrievals and investigate the effect of the spectral range.
Ilias Fountoulakis, Kyriaki Papachristopoulou, Stelios Kazadzis, Gregor Hülsen, Julian Gröbner, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Dimitra Kouklaki, Akriti Masoom, Charalampos Kontoes, and Christos S. Zerefos
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2964, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2964, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The UVIOS2 model has been evaluated at Davos, Switzerland during the UVCIII campaign. The accuracy in the modelled UV indices has been assessed for different combinations of model inputs. A good overall agreement between UVIOS2 and the world reference spectroradiometer QASUME was found (average ratio of ~1 between the modelled and measured UV index), although the variability in the ratio can be large under cloudy conditions.
Monica Campanelli, Victor Estellés, Gaurav Kumar, Teruyuki Nakajima, Masahiro Momoi, Julian Gröbner, Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Angelos Karanikolas, Africa Barreto, Saulius Nevas, Kerstin Schwind, Philipp Schneider, Iiro Harju, Petri Kärhä, Henri Diémoz, Rei Kudo, Akihiro Uchiyama, Akihiro Yamazaki, Anna Maria Iannarelli, Gabriele Mevi, Annalisa Di Bernardino, and Stefano Casadio
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5029–5050, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To retrieve columnar aerosol properties from sun photometers, some calibration factors are needed. The on-site calibrations, performed as frequently as possible to monitor changes in the machine conditions, allow operators to track and evaluate the calibration status on a continuous basis, reducing the data gaps incurred by the periodic shipments for performing centralized calibrations. The performance of the on-site calibration procedures was evaluated, providing very good results.
Karl Voglmeier, Voltaire A. Velazco, Luca Egli, Julian Gröbner, Alberto Redondas, and Wolfgang Steinbrecht
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2277–2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comparison between total ozone column (TOC) measurements from ground-based Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers generally reveals seasonally varying differences of a few percent. This study recommends a new TOC retrieval approach, which effectively eliminates these seasonally varying differences by applying new ozone absorption cross sections, appropriate slit functions for the Dobson instrument, and climatological values for the effective ozone temperature.
Antonio Fernando Almansa, África Barreto, Natalia Kouremeti, Ramiro González, Akriti Masoom, Carlos Toledano, Julian Gröbner, Rosa Delia García, Yenny González, Stelios Kazadzis, Stéphane Victori, Óscar Álvarez, Fabrice Maupin, Virgilio Carreño, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, and Emilio Cuevas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 659–675, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper applies sun photometer synergies to improve calibration transference between different sun photometers and also enhance their quality assurance and quality control. We have validated this technique using different instrumentation, the WMO-GAW and NASA-AERONET references, under different aerosol regimes using the standard Langley calibration method as a reference.
Óscar Alvárez, África Barreto, Omaira E. García, Frank Hase, Rosa D. García, Julian Gröbner, Sergio F. León-Luis, Eliezer Sepúlveda, Virgilio Carreño, Antonio Alcántara, Ramón Ramos, A. Fernando Almansa, Stelios Kazadzis, Noémie Taquet, Carlos Toledano, and Emilio Cuevas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4861–4884, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4861-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4861-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we have extended the capabilities of a portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) instrument, which was originally designed to provide high-quality greenhouse gas monitoring within COCCON (COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network). The extension allows the spectrometer to now also provide coincidentally column-integrated aerosol information. This addition of a reference instrument to a global network will be utilised to enhance our understanding of atmospheric chemistry.
Verena Schenzinger, Axel Kreuter, Barbara Klotz, Michael Schwarzmann, and Julian Gröbner
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-188, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-188, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fast an easy method to incorporate clouds from satellite imagery into a model for calculating surface UV index maps in near-real time. To judge the quality of the model, we compare our results to measurements from ground based detectors. We discuss in detail where variations in either of the values come from and why satellite and ground values might not necessarily be comparable in every situation.
Julian Gröbner, Natalia Kouremeti, Gregor Hülsen, Ralf Zuber, Mario Ribnitzky, Saulius Nevas, Peter Sperfeld, Kerstin Schwind, Philipp Schneider, Stelios Kazadzis, África Barreto, Tom Gardiner, Kavitha Mottungan, David Medland, and Marc Coleman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4667–4680, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Spectral solar irradiance measurements traceable to the International System of Units (SI) allow for intercomparability between instruments and for their validation according to metrological standards. Here we also validate and reduce the uncertainties of the top-of-atmosphere TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum (HSRS). The management of large networks, e.g. AERONET or GAW-PFR, will benefit from reducing logistical overhead, improving their resilience and achieving metrological traceability.
Luca Egli, Julian Gröbner, Herbert Schill, and Eliane Maillard Barras
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2889–2902, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2889-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2889-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a new method to retrieve total column ozone with spectral ground-based measurements from a novel array spectroradiometer. Total column ozone estimates using the small, cost-effective, and robust instrument and the new retrieval method are compared with other co-located total column ozone instruments. The comparison shows that the new system performs similarly to other well-established instruments, which require substantially more maintenance than the system introduced here.
Xiaoyi Zhao, Vitali Fioletov, Alberto Redondas, Julian Gröbner, Luca Egli, Franz Zeilinger, Javier López-Solano, Alberto Berjón Arroyo, James Kerr, Eliane Maillard Barras, Herman Smit, Michael Brohart, Reno Sit, Akira Ogyu, Ihab Abboud, and Sum Chi Lee
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2273–2295, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Brewer ozone spectrophotometer is one of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)'s standard ozone monitoring instruments since the 1980s. This work is aimed at obtaining answers to (1) why Brewer primary calibration work can only be performed at certain sites (e.g., Izaña and MLO) and (2) what is needed to assure the equivalence of calibration quality from different sites.
Bruce W. Forgan, Julian Gröbner, and Ibrahim Reda
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 727–743, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometer (ACP) and its use in measuring atmospheric terrestrial irradiances traceable to the standard system of units (SI). This work fits into the objective of the Expert Team on Radiation References, established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), to develop and validate instrumentation that can be used as reference instruments for terrestrial radiation measurements.
Eliane Maillard Barras, Alexander Haefele, René Stübi, Achille Jouberton, Herbert Schill, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Koji Miyagawa, Martin Stanek, and Lucien Froidevaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14283–14302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14283-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14283-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Intercomparisons of three Dobson and three Brewer spectrophotometers at Arosa/Davos, Switzerland, are used for the homogenization of the longest Umkehr ozone profiles time series worldwide. Dynamic linear modeling (DLM) reveals a significant positive trend after 2004 in the upper stratosphere, a persistent negative trend between 25 and 30 km in the middle stratosphere, and a negative trend at 20 km in the lower stratosphere, with different levels of significance depending on the dataset.
Angelos Karanikolas, Natalia Kouremeti, Julian Gröbner, Luca Egli, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5667–5680, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this work is to investigate the limitations of calculating long-term trends of a parameter that quantifies the overall effect of atmospheric aerosols on the solar radiation. A main finding is that even instruments with good agreement between their observations can show significantly different linear trends. By calculating time-varying trends, the trend agreement is shown to improve. We also show that different methods of trend estimation can result in significant trend differences.
Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Niramson Azouz, Viktoria F. Sofieva, Daan Hubert, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Peter Effertz, Gérard Ancellet, Doug A. Degenstein, Daniel Zawada, Lucien Froidevaux, Stacey Frith, Jeannette Wild, Sean Davis, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Thierry Leblanc, Richard Querel, Kleareti Tourpali, Robert Damadeo, Eliane Maillard Barras, René Stübi, Corinne Vigouroux, Carlo Arosio, Gerald Nedoluha, Ian Boyd, Roeland Van Malderen, Emmanuel Mahieu, Dan Smale, and Ralf Sussmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11657–11673, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11657-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11657-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An updated evaluation up to 2020 of stratospheric ozone profile long-term trends at extrapolar latitudes based on satellite and ground-based records is presented. Ozone increase in the upper stratosphere is confirmed, with significant trends at most latitudes. In this altitude region, a very good agreement is found with trends derived from chemistry–climate model simulations. Observed and modelled trends diverge in the lower stratosphere, but the differences are non-significant.
Nora Mettig, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, John P. Burrows, Pepijn Veefkind, Anne M. Thompson, Ryan M. Stauffer, Thierry Leblanc, Gerard Ancellet, Michael J. Newchurch, Shi Kuang, Rigel Kivi, Matthew B. Tully, Roeland Van Malderen, Ankie Piters, Bogumil Kois, René Stübi, and Pavla Skrivankova
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2955–2978, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2955-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2955-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical ozone profiles from combined spectral measurements in the UV and IR spectral ranges were retrieved by using data from TROPOMI/S5P and CrIS/Suomi-NPP. The vertical resolution and accuracy of the ozone profiles are improved by combining both wavelength ranges compared to retrievals limited to UV or IR spectral data only. The advancement of our TOPAS algorithm for combined measurements is required because in the UV-only retrieval the vertical resolution in the troposphere is very limited.
René Stübi, Herbert Schill, Jörg Klausen, Eliane Maillard Barras, and Alexander Haefele
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5757–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5757-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5757-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the first half of the 20th century, Prof. Dobson developed an instrument to measure the ozone column. Around 50 of these Dobson instruments, manufactured in the second half of the 20th century, are still used today to monitor the state of the ozone layer. Started in 1926, the Arosa series was, until recently, based on manually operated Dobsons. To ensure its future operation, a fully automated version of the Dobson has been developed. This well-working automated system is described here.
Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos, Stelios Kazadzis, Alois W. Schmalwieser, Panagiotis I. Raptis, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ilias Fountoulakis, Akriti Masoom, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Julia Bilbao, Mario Blumthaler, Axel Kreuter, Anna Maria Siani, Kostas Eleftheratos, Chrysanthi Topaloglou, Julian Gröbner, Bjørn Johnsen, Tove M. Svendby, Jose Manuel Vilaplana, Lionel Doppler, Ann R. Webb, Marina Khazova, Hugo De Backer, Anu Heikkilä, Kaisa Lakkala, Janusz Jaroslawski, Charikleia Meleti, Henri Diémoz, Gregor Hülsen, Barbara Klotz, John Rimmer, and Charalampos Kontoes
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5657–5699, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5657-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5657-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale retrievals of the ultraviolet index (UVI) in real time by exploiting the modern Earth observation data and techniques are capable of forming operational early warning systems that raise awareness among citizens of the health implications of high UVI doses. In this direction a novel UVI operating system, the so-called UVIOS, was introduced for massive outputs, while its performance was tested against ground-based measurements revealing a dependence on the input quality and resolution.
Ralf Zuber, Ulf Köhler, Luca Egli, Mario Ribnitzky, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, and Julian Gröbner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4915–4928, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We validated two BTS-based systems in a longer-term TOC analysis in the 2019/2020 campaign at Hohenpeißenberg and Davos. The results showed a deviation of the BTS-Solar to Brewers of < 0.1 % with a k = 2 of < 1.5 %. Koherent showed a deviation of 1.7 % with a k = 2 of 2.7 %. Resultingly, the BTS-Solar performance is comparable to Brewers in Hohenpeißenberg. Koherent shows a seasonal variation in Davos due to the sensitivity of its TOC retrieval algorithm to stratospheric temperature.
René Stübi, Herbert Schill, Eliane Maillard Barras, Jörg Klausen, and Alexander Haefele
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4203–4217, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4203-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4203-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Total ozone column has been measured since 1926 in the Swiss Alps station Arosa. These worldwide series are based on Dobson sun spectrophotometers. To assure the continuity of these series, a two-stage project was realized at MeteoSwiss: first, Dobson instruments were automated, and then parallel measurements between Arosa and a nearby site in Davos were carried out. The analysis of the data of the manual-to-automated transition and coincident data between the two sites are presented here.
Marek Šmíd, Geiland Porrovecchio, Jiří Tesař, Tim Burnitt, Luca Egli, Julian Grőbner, Petr Linduška, and Martin Staněk
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3573–3582, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We designed and developed a tuneable and portable radiation source (TuPS) to provide a reference wavelength scale, with a bandwidth of emitted radiation of 0.13 nm and uncertainty in wavelength of 0.02 nm. TuPS was successfully used for the in-field characterization of 14 Dobson spectrophotometers in campaigns in Europe. The line spread functions of Dobsons measured by TuPS in conjunction with the cross-sections from IUP improves the consistency between the Dobson and Brewer from 3 % to 1 %.
Julian Gröbner, Herbert Schill, Luca Egli, and René Stübi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3319–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The world's longest continuous total column ozone time series was initiated in 1926 at the Lichtklimatisches Observatorium (LKO), at Arosa, in the Swiss Alps. The measurements between Dobson and Brewer spectroradiometers have shown seasonal variations of the order of 2 %. The results of the study show that the consistency between the two instrument types can be significantly improved when the ozone cross-sections from Serdyuchenko et al. (2013) and the measured slit functions are used.
Kaisa Lakkala, Jukka Kujanpää, Colette Brogniez, Nicolas Henriot, Antti Arola, Margit Aun, Frédérique Auriol, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Germar Bernhard, Veerle De Bock, Maxime Catalfamo, Christine Deroo, Henri Diémoz, Luca Egli, Jean-Baptiste Forestier, Ilias Fountoulakis, Katerina Garane, Rosa Delia Garcia, Julian Gröbner, Seppo Hassinen, Anu Heikkilä, Stuart Henderson, Gregor Hülsen, Bjørn Johnsen, Niilo Kalakoski, Angelos Karanikolas, Tomi Karppinen, Kevin Lamy, Sergio F. León-Luis, Anders V. Lindfors, Jean-Marc Metzger, Fanny Minvielle, Harel B. Muskatel, Thierry Portafaix, Alberto Redondas, Ricardo Sanchez, Anna Maria Siani, Tove Svendby, and Johanna Tamminen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6999–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite was launched on 13 October 2017 to provide the atmospheric composition for atmosphere and climate research. Ground-based data from 25 sites located in Arctic, subarctic, temperate, equatorial and Antarctic
areas were used for the validation of the TROPOMI surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product. For most sites 60 %–80 % of TROPOMI data was within ± 20 % of ground-based data.
Ilias Fountoulakis, Henri Diémoz, Anna Maria Siani, Gregor Hülsen, and Julian Gröbner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2787–2810, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2787-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2787-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we discuss the procedures and the technical aspects which ensure the high quality of the measurements of the global solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance performed by a Bentham spectroradiometer located at Aosta–Saint-Christophe (north-western Alps), Italy. This particular instrument is the reference for the Aosta Valley UV monitoring network, which is the first UV monitoring network in Italy. The final spectra constitute one of the most accurate datasets globally.
Holger Vömel, Herman G. J. Smit, David Tarasick, Bryan Johnson, Samuel J. Oltmans, Henry Selkirk, Anne M. Thompson, Ryan M. Stauffer, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Jonathan Davies, Roeland van Malderen, Gary A. Morris, Tatsumi Nakano, and Rene Stübi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5667–5680, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5667-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5667-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The time response of electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes points to at least two distinct reaction pathways with time constants of approximately 20 s and 25 min. Properly considering these time constants eliminates the need for a poorly defined "background" and allows reducing ad hoc corrections based on laboratory tests. This reduces the uncertainty of ECC ozonesonde measurements throughout the profile and especially in regions of low ozone and strong gradients of ozone.
Cited articles
Bais, A. F., McKenzie, R. L., Bernhard, G., Aucamp, P. J., Ilyas, M., Madronich, S., and Tourpali, K.: Ozone depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation, Photoch. Photobio. Sci., 14, 19–52, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4PP90032D, 2015.
Bais, A. F., Bernhard, G., McKenzie, R. L., Aucamp, P. J., Young, P. J.,
Ilyas, M., Jöckel, P., and Deushi, M.: Ozone–climate interactions and
effects on solar ultraviolet radiation, Photoch. Photobio. Sci., 18, 602–640, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8PP90059K, 2019.
Basher, R. E.: Review of the Dobson Spectrophotometer and its Accuracy, in: Atmospheric Ozone, edited by: Zerefos, C. S. and Ghazi, A., Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5313-0_78, 1985.
Bass, A. M. and Paur, R. J.: The ultraviolet cross-sections of ozone, I –
The measurements, II – Results and temperature dependence, in: Atmospheric
Ozone, edited by: Zerefos, C. S. and Ghazi, A., Springer, Dordrecht, the
Netherlands, 606–616, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5313-0_120, 1985.
Birk, M. and Wagner, G.: ESA SEOM-IAS – Measurement and ACS database O3 UV region, Version I, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1485588, 2018.
Bodhaine, B. A., Wood, N. B., Dutton, E. G., and Slusser, J. S.: On Rayleigh
Optical Depth Calculations, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 16, 1854–1861, 1999.
Brion, J., Chakir, A., Daumont, D., Malicet, J., and Parisse, C.:
High-resolution laboratory absorption cross section of O3, Temperature
effect, Chem. Phys. Lett., 213, 610–612, 1993.
Coddington, O. M., Richard, E. C., Harber, D., Pilewskie, P., Woods, T. N.,
Chance, K., Liu, X., and Sun, K.: The TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091709, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091709, 2021.
Daumont, D., Brion, J., Charbonnier, J., and Malicet, J.: Ozone UV
spectroscopy I: Absorption cross-sections at room temperature, J. Atmos.
Chem., 15, 145–155, 1992.
Dobson, G. M. B.: A photoelectric spectrophotometer for measuring the amount
of atmospheric ozone, P. Phys. Soc., 43, 324–339,
https://doi.org/10.1088/0959-5309/43/3/308, 1931.
Dobson, G. M. B.: Forty years research on atmospheric ozone at
Oxford – a history, Appl. Optics, 7, 387–405, 1968.
Gkertsi, F., Bais, F. A., Kouremeti, N., Drosoglou, T., Fountoulakis, I.,
and Fragkos, K.: DOAS-based total column ozone retrieval from Phaethon
system, Atmos. Environ., 180, 51–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.02.036, 2018.
Gorshelev, V., Weber, M., and Burrows, J. P.: ATMOZ Gorshelev Huggins Ozone
Band Absorption Cross-Section (1.0), Zenodo [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847189, 2017.
Gröbner, J. and Sperfeld, P.: Direct traceability of the portable
QASUME irradiance scale to the primary irradiance standard of the PTB,
Metrologia, 42, 134, https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/008, 2005.
Gröbner, J., Schreder, J., Kazadzis, S., Bais, A. F., Blumthaler, M.,
Görts, P., Tax, R., Koskela, T., Seckmeyer, G., Webb, A. R., and Rembges, D.: Traveling reference spectroradiometer for routine quality assurance of
spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements, Appl. Optics, 44,
5321–5331, 2005.
Gröbner, J., Kröger, I., Egli, L., Hülsen, G., Riechelmann, S., and Sperfeld, P.: The high-resolution extraterrestrial solar spectrum (QASUMEFTS) determined from ground-based solar irradiance measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3375–3383, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3375-2017, 2017.
Gröbner, J., Schill, H., Egli, L., and Stübi, R.: Consistency of total column ozone measurements between the Brewer and Dobson spectroradiometers of the LKO Arosa and PMOD/WRC Davos, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3319–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3319-2021, 2021.
Herman, J., Evans, R., Cede, A., Abuhassan, N., Petropavlovskikh, I., McConville, G., Miyagawa, K., and Noirot, B.: Ozone comparison between Pandora #34, Dobson #061, OMI, and OMPS in Boulder, Colorado, for the period December 2013–December 2016, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3539–3545, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3539-2017, 2017.
Hermans, C., Vandaele, A. C., and Fally, S.: Fourier Transform measurements
of SO2 absorption cross sections: I. Temperature dependence in the 24 000–29 000 cm−1 (345–420 nm) region, J. Quant. Spectrosc.
Ra., 110, 756–765, 2019.
Huber, M., Blumthaler, M., Ambach, W., and Staehelin, J.: Total atmospheric
ozone determined from spectral measurements of direct solar UV irradiance, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 53–56, https://doi.org/10.1029/94gl02836, 1995.
Hülsen, G., Gröbner, J., Nevas, S., Sperfeld, P., Egli, L.,
Porrovecchio, G., and Smid, M.: Traceability of solar UV measurements using
the QASUME reference spectroradiometer, Appl. Optics, 55, 7265–7275, 2016.
ISO: ISO/IEC Guide 98-1:2009: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM), https://www.iso.org/standard/46383.html (last access: 23 March 2022), 2009.
Kerr, J. B.: New methodology for deriving total ozone and other atmospheric
variables from Brewer spectrophotometer direct sun spectra, J. Geophys.
Res., 107, 4731, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001227, 2002.
Kerr, J. B., McElroy, C. T., and Olafson, R. A.: Measurements of total ozone
with the Brewer spectrophotometer, Proc. Quad. Ozone Symp., 4–9 August 1980, Boulder, CO, USA, edited by: London, J., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., 74–79, 1981.
Kerr, J. B., McElroy, C. T., Wardle, D. I., Olafson, R. A., and Evans, W. F. J.: The automated Brewer Spectrophotometer, Proceed. Quadr. Ozone Symp., 3–7 September 1984, Halkidiki, Greece, edited by: Zerefos, C. S. and Ghazi, A., D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., USA, 396–401, 1985.
Kerr, J. B., Asbridge, I. A., and Evans, W. F. J.: Intercomparison of total
ozone measured by the Brewer and Dobson Spectrophotometers at Toronto, J.
Geophys. Res., 93, 11129–11140, 1988.
Köhler, U.: Europäisches Dobson Kalibrierzentrum Hohenpeißenberg
garantiert hohe Datenqualität, Ozonbulletin des Deutschen
Wetterdienstes Nr. 87, Meteorologisches Observatorium, Hohenpeißenberg,
Germany, 2002.
Köhler, U., Nevas, S., McConville, G., Evans, R., Smid, M., Stanek, M., Redondas, A., and Schönenborn, F.: Optical characterisation of three reference Dobsons in the ATMOZ Project – verification of G. M. B. Dobson's original specifications, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1989–1999, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1989-2018, 2018.
Komhyr, W. D., Grass, R. D., and Leonard, R. K.: Dobson Spectrophotometer
83: A Standard for Total Ozone Measurements, 1962–1987, J. Geophys. Res.,
94, 9847–9861, 1989.
Malicet, J., Daumont, D., Charbonnier, J., Parisse, C., Chakir, A.,
and Brion, J.: Ozone UV spectroscopy, II. Absorption crosssections
and temperature dependence, J. Atmos. Chem., 21, 263–273, 1995.
Molina, M. J. and Rowland, F. S.: Stratospheric sink for
chlorofluoromethanes-Chlorine atom catalyzed destruction of ozone,
Nature, 249, 810–812, 1974.
NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Standard Atmosphere, Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, USA, NOAA-S/T 76-1562, 1976.
Redondas, A., Evans, R., Stuebi, R., Köhler, U., and Weber, M.: Evaluation of the use of five laboratory-determined ozone absorption cross sections in Brewer and Dobson retrieval algorithms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1635–1648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1635-2014, 2014.
Redondas, A., León-Luís, S. F., López-Solano, J., Berjón, A., and Carreño, V.: Thirteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center Europe, Joint publication of State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Madrid, Spain and World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva, Switzerland, WMO/GAWReport No. 246, https://doi.org/10.31978/666-20-018-3, 2019.
Seckmeyer, G., Wendisch, M., and Macke, A.: Biologische und medizinische Wirkungen solarer Bestrahlung – Biological and medical effects of solar radiation, promet Meteorologische Fortbildung DWD, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany, 2018.
Serdyuchenko, A., Gorshelev, V., Weber, M., Chehade, W., and Burrows, J. P.: High spectral resolution ozone absorption cross-sections – Part 2: Temperature dependence, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 625–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-625-2014, 2014.
Slaper, H., Reinen, H., Blumthaler, M., Huber, M., and Kuik, F.: Comparing
Ground-Level Spectrally Resolved Solar UV Measurements Using Various
Instruments: A Technique Resolving Effects of Wavelength Shift and Slit
Width, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2721–2724, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL02824, 1995.
Solomon, S.: Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and
history, Rev. Geophys., 37, 275–316, 1999.
Staehelin, J., Harris, N., Appenzeller, C., and Eberhard, J.: Ozone trend: A
review, Rev. Geophys., 39, 231–290, 2001.
Staehelin, J., Viatte, P., Stübi, R., Tummon, F., and Peter, T.: Stratospheric ozone measurements at Arosa (Switzerland): history and scientific relevance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6567–6584, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6567-2018, 2018.
Stübi, R., Schill, H., Klausen, J., Maillard Barras, E., and Haefele, A.: A fully automated Dobson sun spectrophotometer for total column ozone and Umkehr measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5757–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5757-2021, 2021.
Vaníček, K., Metelka, L., Skřivánková, P., and Staněk, M.: Dobson, Brewer, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim original and merged total ozone data sets – evaluation of differences: a case study, Hradec Králové (Czech), 1961–2010, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 4, 91–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-91-2012, 2012.
Vaskuri, A., Kärhä, P., Egli, L., Gröbner, J., and Ikonen, E.: Uncertainty analysis of total ozone derived from direct solar irradiance spectra in the presence of unknown spectral deviations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3595–3610, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3595-2018, 2018.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, https://csl.noaa.gov/assessments/ozone/2018/ (last access: 28 March 2022), 2018.
Young, P. J., Harper, A. B., Huntingford, C., Paul, N. D., Morgenstern, O., Newman, P. A., Oman, L. D., Madronich, S., and Garcia, R. R.: The Montreal Protocol protects the terrestrial carbon sink, Nature, 596, 384–388,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03737-3, 2021.
Zerefos, C. S.: Long-term ozone and UV variations at Thessaloniki, Greece,
Phys. Chem. Earth A/B/C, 27, 455–460, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7065(02)00026-8, 2002.
Zuber, R., Ribnitzky, M., Tobar, M., Lange, K., Kutscher, D., Schrempf, M., Niedzwiedz, A., and Seckmeyer, G.: Global spectral irradiance array spectroradiometer validation according to WMO, Meas. Sci. Technol., 29, 105801, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aada34, 2018a.
Zuber, R., Sperfeld, P., Riechelmann, S., Nevas, S., Sildoja, M., and Seckmeyer, G.: Adaption of an array spectroradiometer for total ozone column retrieval using direct solar irradiance measurements in the UV spectral range, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2477–2484, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2477-2018, 2018b.
Zuber, R., Köhler, U., Egli, L., Ribnitzky, M., Steinbrecht, W., and Gröbner, J.: Total ozone column intercomparison of Brewers, Dobsons, and BTS-Solar at Hohenpeißenberg and Davos in 2019/2020, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4915–4928, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4915-2021, 2021.
Short summary
This study presents traceable total column ozone retrievals from direct solar spectral irradiance measurements. The retrieved ozone does not require any field calibration with a reference instrument as it is required for other operational network instruments such as Brewer or Dobson. Total column ozone can be retrieved with a traceable overall standard uncertainty of less than 0.8 % indicating a benchmark uncertainty for total column ozone measurements.
This study presents traceable total column ozone retrievals from direct solar spectral...
