1. The formation of ice crystal clouds catalyzed by dust aerosols were observed by coherent Doppler wind lidar in the Taklimakan Desert. 2. The wind provides a dynamic basis for the formation of ice crystal clouds and plays an important role in the decomposition process. 3. The special basin topography, turbulence and downdrafts keep the base height of the ice crystal clouds at around 3 km.

This study evaluates the reliability of precipitation measurements from disdrometers under different wet-bulb temperatures. Using four years of 2DVD (Two-dimensional Video Disdrometer) data compared with tipping-bucket and weighing rain gauges, three quality control methods based on fall velocity showed high reliability (correlation > 0.98) when T_w exceeded 5 °C. However, accuracy declined sharply when T_w was below 2 °C, with correlation dropping below 0.6.

We evaluated different methods to obtain the ice nucleating particle (INP) concentration from ambient filters using GRAINS (GRAnada Ice Nuclei Spectrometer), the INP spectrometer at the Andalusian ObseRvatory of the Atmosphere (AGORA). We first characterized GRAINS and compared it to other INP devices. Then, we sampled polycarbonate and quartz filters for three months and tested three different particle extraction methods, finding general good agreement but that the INP concentration is systematically higher when using quartz filters.

Hypoiodous acid (HOI) and molecular iodine (I₂) are the dominant precursors of reactive gaseous iodine, which plays an important role in the atmospheric oxidative capacity and in aerosol formation. However, difficulties in the quantification of HOI and I₂ mean that very few measurements are available. This work describes a novel calibration method for HOI and reports the detection of HOI and I₂ in the marine boundary layer using Br^- chemical ionisation mass spectrometry.

The SO₂ gridded point emissions calculated from satellite measurements appear spread out around the source. This is inherent to the inversion method and the resolution of the satellite measurements. We made a new sharpening algorithm to reverse the spreading and make the emission signal clearer. With this method, the effective resolution is improved. Known sources can be located more precisely, and new ones can be found from space. The same approach also works for other gases like NO_x.

The Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) mission will bring the first satellite instrument capable of observing the Earth's far infrared (FIR) spectra with a high spectral resolution. FORUM will crucially contribute to water vapour, clouds and surface observations. We found that FORUM will provide also a significant sensitivity to dust aerosol, especially in cases of large burdens of mid-to-long-range transported plumes of dust in the free and upper troposphere.

We present an experimental Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver set-up to study anomalous signal propagation over coastal and marine waters in the northern Baltic Sea. Anomalous atmospheric conditions can allow for the AIS messages to be received from farther distances than under normal conditions. The results show that under anomalous conditions, the messages can be received up to 600 km away and have both diurnal and seasonal cycles.

This work investigates the impact of the Earth's sphericity on geostationary satellite observations, particularly in the context of the operational estimation of aerosol and land surface properties from the Meteosat Third Generation-Imager's Flexible Combined Imager. We demonstrate that the plane-parallel approximation widely used in fast radiative transfer codes can introduce significant biases in certain situations, mainly depending on the observing geometry and wavelength.

We developed a high-throughput method combining flow cytometry and machine learning to identify urban pollen. Using a reference database of 97 species across 34 genera, with values of particle size, granularity, and multi-channel fluorescence for each pollen grains, our method enables rapid species- and genus-level pollen identification. It provides an efficient alternative to microscopy, with potential for large-scale urban pollen monitoring and allergy management.

This study deployed a buoy equipped with three low-cost sensors in the northern South China Sea to continuously monitor atmospheric CO₂ at the sea surface. After correcting for environmental factors and sensor drift, the measurement accuracy improved. CO₂ levels were generally stable with small daily changes, while local fluctuations reflected air from land. This affordable approach enables reliable ocean CO₂ monitoring and helps study the ocean’s role in the global carbon cycle.

This paper presents the AC SAF (Atmospheric Composition Satellite Application Facility) gridded global GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) ozone profile data record. It covers the period 2007–2024 and consists of ozone partial columns on a 0.25 × 0.25 degree grid with 40 layers, with the associated averaging kernels and a priori. The ozone data record is validated against balloon sounding, lidar, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and microwave radiometers. The results demonstrate a high level of consistency across the GOME-2 instruments, underscoring their reliability for long-term ozone monitoring.

This work studies powerful bursts of radiation, called terrestrial gamma ray flashes, which happen during thunderstorms. It explores the use of planes and weather balloons as platforms for radiation detectors to gather data about this phenomenon. Using computer simulations, it was found that balloons might work better for high-altitude storms, while planes could be useful for lower ones. Moreover, the influence of the terrestrial gamma ray flash strength and its altitude of origin was revealed.