Articles | Volume 17, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4109-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4109-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Uncertainties in temperature statistics and fluxes determined by sonic anemometers due to wind-induced vibrations of mounting arms
Zhongming Gao
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
Heping Liu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Bai Yang
Campbell Scientific, Inc., Logan, Utah, USA
Von Walden
Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
Lei Li
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
Ivan Bogoev
Campbell Scientific, Inc., Logan, Utah, USA
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We bridge the gap between satellite column observations and emissions by accounting for the dynamic lifetime of pollutants due to wind dispersion and the chemical lifetime due to chemical reactions. Applying it to the Po Valley air basin, we derive the monthly emissions of nitrogen oxides using satellite nitrogen dioxide observations. We further quantify the COVID-19-driven decline of emissions and estimate a 22 % decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions due to the pandemic in 2020.
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The COVID-19 induced lockdown provided a time-window to study the impact of emission decrease on atmospheric environment. A 350 m meteorological tower in the Pearl River Delta recorded the vertical distribution of pollutants during the lockdown period. The observation confirmed that an extreme emission reduction, can reduce the concentrations of fine particles and the peak concentration of ozone at the same time, which had been taken as difficult to realize in the past in many regions.
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Short summary
Using data collected from three levels of a 62 m tower, we found that both the temperature variances and sensible heat flux obtained from sonic anemometers are consistently lower, by a few percent, compared to those from fine-wire thermocouples.
Using data collected from three levels of a 62 m tower, we found that both the temperature...