Articles | Volume 18, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2877-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2877-2025
Research article
 | 
04 Jul 2025
Research article |  | 04 Jul 2025

Development and comparison of empirical models for all-sky downward longwave radiation estimation at the ocean surface using long-term observations

Jianghai Peng, Bo Jiang, Hui Liang, Shaopeng Li, Jiakun Han, Thomas C. Ingalls, Jie Cheng, Yunjun Yao, Kun Jia, and Xiaotong Zhang

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Cited articles

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Alados, I., Foyo-Moreno, I., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Estimation of downwelling longwave irradiance under all-sky conditions, Int. J. Climatol., 32, 781–793, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2307, 2012. 
Alappattu, D. P., Wang, Q., Yamaguchi, R., Lind, R. J., Reynolds, M., and Christman, A. J.: Warm layer and cool skin corrections for bulk water temperature measurements for air-sea interaction studies, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 6470–6481, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012688, 2017. 
Berdahl, P.: Retrospective on the resource for radiative cooling, Journal of Photonics for Energy, 11, 042106, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JPE.11.042106, 2021. 
Bignami, F., Marullo, S., Santoleri, R., and Schiano, M. E.: Longwave radiation budget in the Mediterranean Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 100, 2501–2514, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC02496, 1995. 
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We developed a new method to estimate how much heat the ocean surface receives from the atmosphere, which is important for understanding weather and climate. Using over 30 years of data from buoys around the world, we created a model that outperforms existing ones, especially under cloudy skies. Our results show that including detailed cloud information improves accuracy, making this method useful for global climate and ocean research.
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