Articles | Volume 15, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7019-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7019-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 06 Dec 2022
| 06 Dec 2022
Direct measurement of N2O5 heterogeneous uptake coefficients on ambient aerosols via an aerosol flow tube system: design, characterization and performance
Xiaorui Chen
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution
Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing, China
now at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai,
519082, China
Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate
Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key
Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education,
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai),
Zhuhai, 519082, China
Tianyu Zhai
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution
Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing, China
Chunmeng Li
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution
Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing, China
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution
Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing, China
The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone
Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing, China
Related authors
Hejun Hu, Haichao Wang, Keding Lu, Jie Wang, Zelong Zheng, Xuezhen Xu, Tianyu Zhai, Xiaorui Chen, Xiao Lu, Wenxing Fu, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8211–8223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate radical chemistry is critical to the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organic aerosol formation. This work investigated the level, seasonal variation, and trend of nitrate radical reactivity towards volatile organic compounds (kNO3) in Beijing. We show the key role of isoprene and styrene in regulating seasonal variation in kNO3 and rebuild a long-term record of kNO3 based on the reported VOC measurements.
Xinping Yang, Keding Lu, Xuefei Ma, Yue Gao, Zhaofeng Tan, Haichao Wang, Xiaorui Chen, Xin Li, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Mengxue Tang, Bo Zhu, Shiyi Chen, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12525–12542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the OH and HO2 radical observations at the Shenzhen site (Pearl River Delta, China) in the autumn of 2018. The diurnal maxima were 4.5 × 106 cm−3 for OH and 4.2 × 108 cm−3 for HO2 (including an estimated interference of 23 %–28 % from RO2 radicals during the daytime). The OH underestimation was identified again, and it was attributable to the missing OH sources. HO2 heterogeneous uptake, ROx sources and sinks, and the atmospheric oxidation capacity were evaluated as well.
Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3525–3533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a complete set of simulations to evaluate whether equilibrium and steady state are appropriate for a chemical system involving several reactive nitrogen-containing species (NO2, NO3, and N2O5) under various conditions. A previously neglected bias for the coefficient applied for interpreting their effects is disclosed, and the relevant ambient factors are examined. We therefore provide a good solution to an accurate representation of nighttime chemistry in high-aerosol areas.
Haichao Wang, Chao Peng, Xuan Wang, Shengrong Lou, Keding Lu, Guicheng Gan, Xiaohong Jia, Xiaorui Chen, Jun Chen, Hongli Wang, Shaojia Fan, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1845–1859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Via combining laboratory and modeling work, we found that heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with saline mineral dust aerosol could be an important source of tropospheric ClNO2 in inland regions.
Chunmeng Li, Haichao Wang, Xiaorui Chen, Tianyu Zhai, Shiyi Chen, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4033–4051, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4033-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4033-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a feasible instrument for the measurement of NO2, total peroxy nitrates (PNs, RO2NO2), and total alkyl nitrates (ANs, RONO2) in the atmosphere. The instrument samples sequentially from three channels at different temperature settings and then measures spectra using one cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer. The concentrations are determined by spectral fitting and corrected using the lookup table method conveniently. The instrument will promote the study of PNs and ANs.
Huan Song, Xiaorui Chen, Keding Lu, Qi Zou, Zhaofeng Tan, Hendrik Fuchs, Alfred Wiedensohler, Daniel R. Moon, Dwayne E. Heard, María-Teresa Baeza-Romero, Mei Zheng, Andreas Wahner, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15835–15850, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15835-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15835-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate calculation of the HO2 uptake coefficient is one of the key parameters to quantify the co-reduction of both aerosol and ozone pollution. We modelled various lab measurements of γHO2 based on a gas-liquid phase kinetic model and developed a state-of-the-art parameterized equation. Based on a dataset from a comprehensive field campaign in the North China Plain, we proposed that the determination of the heterogeneous uptake process for HO2 should be included in future field campaigns.
Xiao Lu, Yiming Liu, Jiayin Su, Xiang Weng, Tabish Ansari, Yuqiang Zhang, Guowen He, Yuqi Zhu, Haolin Wang, Ganquan Zeng, Jingyu Li, Cheng He, Shuai Li, Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Tim Butler, Qi Fan, Shaojia Fan, Grant L. Forster, Meng Gao, Jianlin Hu, Yugo Kanaya, Mohd Talib Latif, Keding Lu, Philippe Nédélec, Peer Nowack, Bastien Sauvage, Xiaobin Xu, Lin Zhang, Ke Li, Ja-Ho Koo, and Tatsuya Nagashima
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7991–8028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7991-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7991-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes summertime ozone trends in East and Southeast Asia derived from a comprehensive observational database spanning from 1995 to 2019, incorporating aircraft observations, ozonesonde data, and measurements from 2500 surface sites. Multiple models are applied to attribute to changes in anthropogenic emissions and climate. The results highlight that increases in anthropogenic emissions are the primary driver of ozone increases both in the free troposphere and at the surface.
Gaojie Chen, Xiaolong Fan, Haichao Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Ziyi Lin, Xiaoting Ji, Lingling Xu, Baoye Hu, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7815–7828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7815-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7815-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study revealed that the nighttime heterogeneous dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) uptake process was the major contributor of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) sources, while nitrate photolysis may promote the elevation of daytime ClNO2 concentrations. The rates of alkane oxidation by chlorine (Cl) radical in the early morning exceeded those by OH radical, significantly promoted the formation of ROx and ozone (O3), and further enhanced the atmospheric oxidation capacity levels.
Can Ye, Pengfei Liu, Chaoyang Xue, Chenglong Zhang, Zhuobiao Ma, Chengtang Liu, Junfeng Liu, Keding Lu, Yujing Mu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6991–7005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6991-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6991-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates H2O2 chemistry in rural North China. The observed H2O2 showed distinct diurnal variations influenced by photochemical reactions. A box model revealed that H2O2 is primarily produced by HO2 recombination and removed mainly via particle uptake. Reductions in NOx, PM2.5, and alkanes raised H2O2 levels, while cutting alkenes, aromatics, CO, and HONO lowered them. A dual strategy focusing on VOC and NOx control is essential to reduce both H2O2 and ozone pollution.
Jiayin Li, Tianyu Zhai, Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, Shuyang Xie, Shiyi Chen, Chunmeng Li, Yuanjun Gong, Huabin Dong, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6395–6406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6395-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6395-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We directly measured the dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) uptake coefficient using an aerosol flow tube, which critically impacts the NOx fate and particulate nitrate formation in a typical highland city, Kunming, in China. We found that the performance of current γ (N2O5) parameterizations showed deviations with the varying aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). Such differences would lead to biased estimation of particulate nitrate production potential. We give suggestions for future research directions.
Weichao Huang, Sihang Wang, Peng Cheng, Bingna Chen, Bin Yuan, Pengfei Yu, Haichao Wang, Nan Ma, Mei Li, and Keding Lu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1835, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1835, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied vehicle emissions from 10 3000-metre tunnels in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Since low pressure causes fuel evaporation, emissions of volatile organic compounds rise with elevation, unlike in low-altitude areas where exhaust gas is predominant. This indicates the need for specific emission control measures. Electric vehicles can use renewable energy in Tibet to reduce emissions. The study aims to understand emissions at high altitudes and guide cleaner transport.
Chunmeng Li, Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, Tianyu Zhai, Xuefei Ma, Xinping Yang, Shiyi Chen, Min Zhou, Shengrong Lou, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3905–3918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3905-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3905-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports an observation of organic nitrate (including total peroxy nitrates and total alkyl nitrates) in Shanghai, China, during the summer of 2021, by homemade thermal dissociation cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (TD-CEAS; Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4033–4051, 2021). The distribution of organic nitrates and their effects on local ozone production are analyzed based on field observations in conjunction with model simulations.
Renzhi Hu, Guoxian Zhang, Haotian Cai, Jingyi Guo, Keding Lu, Xin Li, Shengrong Lou, Zhaofeng Tan, Changjin Hu, Pinhua Xie, and Wenqing Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3011–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3011-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3011-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A full suite of radical measurements (OH, HO2, RO2, and kOH) was established to accurately elucidate the limitations of oxidation in a chemically complex atmosphere. Sensitivity tests revealed that the incorporation of complex processes enabled a balance in both radical concentrations and coordinate ratios, effectively addressing the deficiency in the ozone generation mechanism. The full-chain radical detection bridged the gap between the photochemistry and the intensive oxidation level.
Hengjia Ou, Mingfu Cai, Yongyun Zhang, Xue Ni, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Shixin Mai, Cuizhi Sun, Shengzhen Zhou, Haichao Wang, Jiaren Sun, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2495–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2495-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2495-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Two shipborne observations in the South China Sea (SCS) in summer and winter 2021 were conducted. Our study found aerosol hygroscopicity is higher in the SCS in summer than winter, with significant influences from various terrestrial air masses. Aerosol size distribution had a stronger effect on activation ratio than aerosol hygroscopicity in summer and vice versa in winter. Our study provides valuable information to enhance our understanding of cloud condensation nuclei activities in the SCS.
Siting Li, Yiming Liu, Yuqi Zhu, Yinbao Jin, Yingying Hong, Ao Shen, Yifei Xu, Haofan Wang, Haichao Wang, Xiao Lu, Shaojia Fan, and Qi Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11521–11544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11521-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11521-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study establishes an inventory of anthropogenic chlorine emissions in China in 2019 with expanded species (HCl, Cl-, Cl2, HOCl) and sources (41 specific sources). The inventory is validated by a modeling study against the observations. This study enhances the understanding of anthropogenic chlorine emissions in the atmosphere, identifies key sources, and provides scientific support for pollution control and climate change.
Fei Ye, Jingyi Li, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Keding Lu, Kangjia Gong, Haowen Zhang, Momei Qin, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7467–7479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Naphthalene (Nap) and methylnaphthalene (MN) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), yet their sources and sinks are often inadequately represented in air quality models. In this study, we incorporated detailed emissions, gas-phase chemistry, and SOA parameterization of Nap and MN into CMAQ to address this issue. The findings revealed remarkably high SOA formation potentials for these compounds despite their low emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region during summer.
Yiming Wang, Haolin Wang, Yujie Qin, Xinqi Xu, Guowen He, Nanxi Liu, Shengjie Miao, Xiao Lu, Haichao Wang, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2267–2285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a vertical measurement of winter PM2.5 using a mobile multi-lidar system in four cities. Combined with the surface PM2.5 data, the ERA5 reanalysis data, and GEOS-Chem simulations during Dec 2018–Feb 2019, we found that transport nocturnal PM2.5 enhancement by subsidence (T-NPES) events widely occurred with high frequencies in plains regions in eastern China but happened less often in basin regions like Xi’an and Chengdu. We propose a conceptual model of the T-NPES events.
Ziyan Guo, Keding Lu, Pengxiang Qiu, Mingyi Xu, and Zhaobing Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2195–2205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2195-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2195-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of secondary sulfate needs to be further explored. In this work, we simultaneously measured sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions to gain an increased understanding of specific sulfate formation processes. The results indicated that secondary sulfate was mainly ascribed to SO2 homogeneous oxidation by OH radicals and heterogeneous oxidation by H2O2 and Fe3+ / O2. This study is favourable for deeply investigating the sulfur cycle in the atmosphere.
Jie Wang, Haichao Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Lili Ming, Zelong Zheng, Guizhen Fang, Cuizhi Sun, Zhenhao Ling, Jun Zhao, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 977–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-977-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-977-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many works report NO3 chemistry in inland regions while less target marine regions. We measured N2O5 and related species on a typical island and found intensive nighttime chemistry and rapid NO3 loss. NO contributed significantly to NO3 loss despite its sub-ppbv level, suggesting nocturnal NO3 reactions would be largely enhanced once free from NO emissions in the open ocean. This highlights the strong influences of urban outflow on downward marine areas in terms of nighttime chemistry.
Can Ye, Keding Lu, Xuefei Ma, Wanyi Qiu, Shule Li, Xinping Yang, Chaoyang Xue, Tianyu Zhai, Yuhan Liu, Xuan Li, Yang Li, Haichao Wang, Zhaofeng Tan, Xiaorui Chen, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15455–15472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, combining comprehensive field measurements and a box model, we found NO2 conversion on the ground surface was the most important source for HONO production among the proposed heterogeneous and gas-phase HONO sources. In addition, HONO was found to evidently enhance O3 production and aggravate O3 pollution in summer in China. Our study improved our understanding of the relative importance of different HONO sources and the crucial role of HONO in O3 formation in polluted areas.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Shasha Tian, Kexin Zu, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, Keding Lu, and Qi Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5525–5535, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an online NH3 monitoring system based on a selective colorimetric reaction and a long-path absorption photometer (SAC-LOPAP), which can run statically for a long time and be applied to the continuous online measurement of low concentrations of ambient air by optimizing the reaction conditions, adding a constant-temperature module and liquid flow controller. It is well suited for the investigation of the NH3 budget for urban to rural conditions in China.
Guowen He, Cheng He, Haofan Wang, Xiao Lu, Chenglei Pei, Xiaonuan Qiu, Chenxi Liu, Yiming Wang, Nanxi Liu, Jinpu Zhang, Lei Lei, Yiming Liu, Haichao Wang, Tao Deng, Qi Fan, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13107–13124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13107-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13107-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze nighttime ozone in the lower boundary layer (up to 500 m) from the 2017–2019 measurements at the Canton Tower and the WRF-CMAQ model. We identify a strong ability of the residual layer to store daytime ozone in the convective mixing layer, investigate the chemical and meteorological factors controlling nighttime ozone in the residual layer, and quantify the contribution of nighttime ozone in the residual layer to both the nighttime and the following day’s surface ozone air quality.
Hejun Hu, Haichao Wang, Keding Lu, Jie Wang, Zelong Zheng, Xuezhen Xu, Tianyu Zhai, Xiaorui Chen, Xiao Lu, Wenxing Fu, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8211–8223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate radical chemistry is critical to the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organic aerosol formation. This work investigated the level, seasonal variation, and trend of nitrate radical reactivity towards volatile organic compounds (kNO3) in Beijing. We show the key role of isoprene and styrene in regulating seasonal variation in kNO3 and rebuild a long-term record of kNO3 based on the reported VOC measurements.
Chengzhi Xing, Shiqi Xu, Yuhang Song, Cheng Liu, Yuhan Liu, Keding Lu, Wei Tan, Chengxin Zhang, Qihou Hu, Shanshan Wang, Hongyu Wu, and Hua Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5815–5834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
High RH could contribute to the secondary formation of HONO in the sea atmosphere. High temperature could promote the formation of HONO from NO2 heterogeneous reactions in the sea and coastal atmosphere. The aerosol surface plays a more important role during the above process in coastal and sea cases. The generation rate of HONO from the NO2 heterogeneous reaction in the sea cases is larger than that in inland cases in higher atmospheric layers above 600 m.
Junhua Wang, Baozhu Ge, Xueshun Chen, Jie Li, Keding Lu, Yayuan Dong, Lei Kong, Zifa Wang, and Yuanhang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-22, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a quantitative decoupling analysis (QDA) method to quantify the contributions of emissions, meteorology, chemical reactions, and their nonlinear interactions on PM2.5. We found the effects of adverse meteorological conditions and the importance of nonlinear interactions. This method can provide valuable information for understanding of key factors to heavy pollution, but also help the modelers to find out the sources of uncertainties in numerical models.
Tianyu Zhai, Keding Lu, Haichao Wang, Shengrong Lou, Xiaorui Chen, Renzhi Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2379–2391, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2379-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2379-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate nitrate is a growing issue in air pollution. Based on comprehensive field measurement, we show heavy nitrate pollution in eastern China in summer. OH reacting with NO2 at daytime dominates nitrate formation on clean days, while N2O5 hydrolysis largely enhances and become comparable with that of OH reacting with O2 on polluted days (67.2 % and 30.2 %). Model simulation indicates that VOC : NOx = 2 : 1 is effective in mitigating the O3 and nitrate pollution coordinately.
Cheng He, Xiao Lu, Haolin Wang, Haichao Wang, Yan Li, Guowen He, Yuanping He, Yurun Wang, Youlang Zhang, Yiming Liu, Qi Fan, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15243–15261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report that nocturnal ozone enhancement (NOE) events are observed at a high annual frequency of 41 % over 800 sites in China in 2014–2019 (about 50 % higher than that over Europe or the US). High daytime ozone provides a rich ozone source in the nighttime residual layer, determining the overall high frequency of NOE events in China, and enhanced atmospheric mixing then triggers NOE events by allowing the ozone-rich air in the residual layer to be mixed into the nighttime boundary layer.
Haichao Wang, Bin Yuan, E Zheng, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Jie Wang, Keding Lu, Chenshuo Ye, Lei Yang, Shan Huang, Weiwei Hu, Suxia Yang, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Xianjun He, Yubin Chen, Tiange Li, Wenjie Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Xiaobing Li, Mingfu Cai, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14837–14858, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14837-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14837-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present intensive field measurement of ClNO2 in the Pearl River Delta in 2019. Large variation in the level, formation, and atmospheric impacts of ClNO2 was found in different air masses. ClNO2 formation was limited by the particulate chloride (Cl−) and aerosol surface area. Our results reveal that Cl− originated from various anthropogenic emissions rather than sea sources and show minor contribution to the O3 pollution and photochemistry.
Xinping Yang, Keding Lu, Xuefei Ma, Yue Gao, Zhaofeng Tan, Haichao Wang, Xiaorui Chen, Xin Li, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Mengxue Tang, Bo Zhu, Shiyi Chen, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12525–12542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the OH and HO2 radical observations at the Shenzhen site (Pearl River Delta, China) in the autumn of 2018. The diurnal maxima were 4.5 × 106 cm−3 for OH and 4.2 × 108 cm−3 for HO2 (including an estimated interference of 23 %–28 % from RO2 radicals during the daytime). The OH underestimation was identified again, and it was attributable to the missing OH sources. HO2 heterogeneous uptake, ROx sources and sinks, and the atmospheric oxidation capacity were evaluated as well.
Guohua Zhang, Xiaodong Hu, Wei Sun, Yuxiang Yang, Ziyong Guo, Yuzhen Fu, Haichao Wang, Shengzhen Zhou, Lei Li, Mingjin Tang, Zongbo Shi, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9571–9582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show a significant enhancement of nitrate mass fraction in cloud water and relative intensity of nitrate in the cloud residual particles and highlight that hydrolysis of N2O5 serves as the critical route for the in-cloud formation of nitrate, even during the daytime. Given that N2O5 hydrolysis acts as a major sink of NOx in the atmosphere, further model updates may improve our understanding about the processes contributing to nitrate production in cloud and the cycling of odd nitrogen.
Yihang Yu, Peng Cheng, Huirong Li, Wenda Yang, Baobin Han, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Xinming Wang, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Zhijiong Huang, Zhen Li, Junyu Zheng, Haichao Wang, and Xiaofang Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8951–8971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the budget of HONO at an urban site in Guangzhou. Budget and comprehensive uncertainty analysis suggest that at such locations as ours, HONO direct emissions and NO + OH can become comparable or even surpass other HONO sources that typically receive greater attention and interest, such as the NO2 heterogeneous source and the unknown daytime photolytic source. Our findings emphasize the need to reduce the uncertainties of both conventional and novel HONO sources and sinks.
Xuefei Ma, Zhaofeng Tan, Keding Lu, Xinping Yang, Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, Shiyi Chen, Xin Fang, Shule Li, Xin Li, Jingwei Liu, Ying Liu, Shengrong Lou, Wanyi Qiu, Hongli Wang, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7005–7028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first OH and HO2 radical observations made in the Yangtze River Delta in China, and strong oxidation capacity is discovered based on direct measurements. The impacts of new OH regeneration mechanisms, monoterpene oxidation, and HO2 uptake processes are examined and discussed. The sources and the factors to sustain such strong oxidation are the key to understanding the ozone pollution formed in this area.
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3525–3533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a complete set of simulations to evaluate whether equilibrium and steady state are appropriate for a chemical system involving several reactive nitrogen-containing species (NO2, NO3, and N2O5) under various conditions. A previously neglected bias for the coefficient applied for interpreting their effects is disclosed, and the relevant ambient factors are examined. We therefore provide a good solution to an accurate representation of nighttime chemistry in high-aerosol areas.
Chaoyang Xue, Can Ye, Jörg Kleffmann, Chenglong Zhang, Valéry Catoire, Fengxia Bao, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Likun Xue, Jianmin Chen, Keding Lu, Yong Zhao, Hengde Liu, Zhaoxin Guo, and Yujing Mu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3149–3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Summertime measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) and related parameters were conducted at the foot and the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m above sea level). We proposed a rapid vertical air mass exchange between the foot and the summit level, which enhances the role of HONO in the oxidizing capacity of the upper boundary layer. Kinetics for aerosol-derived HONO sources were constrained. HONO formation from different paths was quantified and discussed.
Haichao Wang, Chao Peng, Xuan Wang, Shengrong Lou, Keding Lu, Guicheng Gan, Xiaohong Jia, Xiaorui Chen, Jun Chen, Hongli Wang, Shaojia Fan, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1845–1859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Via combining laboratory and modeling work, we found that heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with saline mineral dust aerosol could be an important source of tropospheric ClNO2 in inland regions.
Chaoyang Xue, Can Ye, Jörg Kleffmann, Wenjin Zhang, Xiaowei He, Pengfei Liu, Chenglong Zhang, Xiaoxi Zhao, Chengtang Liu, Zhuobiao Ma, Junfeng Liu, Jinhe Wang, Keding Lu, Valéry Catoire, Abdelwahid Mellouki, and Yujing Mu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1035–1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1035-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1035-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) and related parameters were measured at the foot and the summit of Mt. Tai in the summer of 2018. Based on measurements at the foot station, we utilized a box model to explore the roles of different sources in the HONO budget. We also studied radical chemistry in this high-ozone region.
Huan Song, Keding Lu, Can Ye, Huabin Dong, Shule Li, Shiyi Chen, Zhijun Wu, Mei Zheng, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13713–13727, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary sulfate aerosols are an important component of fine particles in severe air pollution events. We calculated the sulfate formation rates via a state-of-the-art multiphase model constrained to the observed values. We showed that transition metals in urban aerosols contribute significantly to sulfate formation during haze periods and thus play an important role in mitigation strategies and public health measures in megacities worldwide.
Junhua Wang, Baozhu Ge, Xueshun Chen, Jie Li, Keding Lu, Yayuan Dong, Lei Kong, Zifa Wang, and Yuanhang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-259, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-259, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This paper developed a novel quantitative decoupling analysis (QDA) method to quantify the contributions of emission, meteorology, chemical reaction, and their nonlinear interactions on PM2.5 and applied it to a pollution episode in Beijing. This method can provides the researchers and policy makers with valuable information for understanding of key factors to heavy pollution, but also help the modelers to find out the sources of uncertainties among numerical models.
Lei Li, Chao Lu, Pak-Wai Chan, Zi-Juan Lan, Wen-Hai Zhang, Hong-Long Yang, and Hai-Chao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-579, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-579, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The COVID-19 induced lockdown provided a time-window to study the impact of emission decrease on atmospheric environment. A 350 m meteorological tower in the Pearl River Delta recorded the vertical distribution of pollutants during the lockdown period. The observation confirmed that an extreme emission reduction, can reduce the concentrations of fine particles and the peak concentration of ozone at the same time, which had been taken as difficult to realize in the past in many regions.
Gang Zhao, Yishu Zhu, Zhijun Wu, Taomou Zong, Jingchuan Chen, Tianyi Tan, Haichao Wang, Xin Fang, Keding Lu, Chunsheng Zhao, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9995–10004, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9995-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9995-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation is thought to contribute half of the global cloud condensation nuclei. We find that the new particle formation is more likely to happen in the upper boundary layer than that at the ground, which can be partially explained by the aerosol–radiation interaction. Our study emphasizes the influence of aerosol–radiation interaction on the NPF.
Chunmeng Li, Haichao Wang, Xiaorui Chen, Tianyu Zhai, Shiyi Chen, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4033–4051, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4033-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4033-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a feasible instrument for the measurement of NO2, total peroxy nitrates (PNs, RO2NO2), and total alkyl nitrates (ANs, RONO2) in the atmosphere. The instrument samples sequentially from three channels at different temperature settings and then measures spectra using one cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer. The concentrations are determined by spectral fitting and corrected using the lookup table method conveniently. The instrument will promote the study of PNs and ANs.
Kai Song, Song Guo, Haichao Wang, Ying Yu, Hui Wang, Rongzhi Tang, Shiyong Xia, Yuanzheng Gong, Zichao Wan, Daqi Lv, Rui Tan, Wenfei Zhu, Ruizhe Shen, Xin Li, Xuena Yu, Shiyi Chen, Liming Zeng, and Xiaofeng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7917–7932, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7917-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7917-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrated phenols (NPs) are crucial components of brown carbon. To comprehend the constitutes and sources of NPs in winter of Beijing, their concentrations were measured by a CI-LToF-MS. The secondary formation process was simulated by a box model. NPs were mainly influenced by primary emissions and regional transport. Primary emitted phenol rather than benzene oxidation was crucial in the heavy pollution episode in Beijing. This provides more insight into pollution control strategies of NPs.
Mengdi Song, Xin Li, Suding Yang, Xuena Yu, Songxiu Zhou, Yiming Yang, Shiyi Chen, Huabin Dong, Keren Liao, Qi Chen, Keding Lu, Ningning Zhang, Junji Cao, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4939–4958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4939-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4939-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Due to their lower diffusion capacities and higher conversion capacities, urban areas in Xi’an experienced severe ozone pollution in the summer. In this study, a campaign of comprehensive field observations and VOC grid sampling was conducted in Xi’an from 20 June to 20 July 2019. We found that Xi'an has a strong local emission source of VOCs, and vehicle exhaust was the primary VOC source. In addition, alkenes, aromatics, and oxygenated VOCs played a dominant role in secondary transformations.
Huan Song, Xiaorui Chen, Keding Lu, Qi Zou, Zhaofeng Tan, Hendrik Fuchs, Alfred Wiedensohler, Daniel R. Moon, Dwayne E. Heard, María-Teresa Baeza-Romero, Mei Zheng, Andreas Wahner, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15835–15850, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15835-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15835-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate calculation of the HO2 uptake coefficient is one of the key parameters to quantify the co-reduction of both aerosol and ozone pollution. We modelled various lab measurements of γHO2 based on a gas-liquid phase kinetic model and developed a state-of-the-art parameterized equation. Based on a dataset from a comprehensive field campaign in the North China Plain, we proposed that the determination of the heterogeneous uptake process for HO2 should be included in future field campaigns.
Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Yan Zheng, Xi Cheng, Yele Sun, Paul I. Palmer, Manish Shrivastava, Jianping Guo, Qiang Zhang, Yuhan Liu, Zhaofeng Tan, Xuefei Ma, Shiyi Chen, Limin Zeng, Keding Lu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12265–12284, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12265-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12265-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we evaluated the model performances for simulating secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) and organic aerosol (OA) in PM2.5 in China against comprehensive datasets. The potential biases from factors related to meteorology, emission, chemistry, and atmospheric removal are systematically investigated. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of modeling PM2.5, which is important for studies on the effectiveness of emission control strategies.
Cited articles
Ahern, A. T., Goldberger, L., Jahl, L., Thornton, J., and Sullivan, R. C.:
Production of N2O5 and ClNO2 through Nocturnal Processing of Biomass-Burning Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 550–559,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04386, 2018.
Anttila, T., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Tillmann, R., and Mentel, T. F.: On the
reactive uptake of gaseous compounds by organic-coated aqueous aerosols:
Theoretical analysis and application to the heterogeneous hydrolysis of
N2O5, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 10435–10443, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp062403c, 2006.
Baasandorj, M., Hoch, S. W., Bares, R., Lin, J. C., Brown, S. S., Millet, D.
B., Martin, R., Kelly, K., Zarzana, K. J., Whiteman, C. D., Dube, W. P.,
Tonnesen, G., Jaramillo, I. C., and Sohl, J.: Coupling between Chemical and
Meteorological Processes under Persistent Cold-Air Pool Conditions: Evolution of Wintertime PM2.5 Pollution Events and N2O5 Observations in Utah's Salt Lake Valley, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 5941–5950, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06603, 2017.
Badger, C. L., Griffiths, P. T., George, I., Abbatt, J. P. D., and Cox, R.
A.: Reactive uptake of N2O5 by aerosol particles containing mixtures of
humic acid and ammonium sulfate, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 6986–6994,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0562678, 2006.
Bertram, A. K., Martin, S. T., Hanna, S. J., Smith, M. L., Bodsworth, A., Chen, Q., Kuwata, M., Liu, A., You, Y., and Zorn, S. R.: Predicting the relative humidities of liquid-liquid phase separation, efflorescence, and deliquescence of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water using the organic-to-sulfate mass ratio of the particle and the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio of the organic component, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10995–11006, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10995-2011, 2011.
Bertram, T. H. and Thornton, J. A.: Toward a general parameterization of N2O5 reactivity on aqueous particles: the competing effects of particle liquid water, nitrate and chloride, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8351–8363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8351-2009, 2009.
Bertram, T. H., Thornton, J. A., and Riedel, T. P.: An experimental technique for the direct measurement of N2O5 reactivity on ambient particles, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 231–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-231-2009, 2009a.
Bertram, T. H., Thornton, J. A., Riedel, T. P., Middlebrook, A. M., Bahreini, R., Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., and Coffman, D. J.: Direct observations of N2O5 reactivity on ambient aerosol particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl040248, 2009b.
Brown, S. S. and Stutz, J.: Nighttime radical observations and chemistry,
Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6405–6447, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35181a, 2012.
Brown, S. S., Stark, H., Ciciora, S., McLaughlin, R., and Ravishankara, A. R.:
Simultaneous in situ Detection of Atmospheric NO3 and N2O5 via Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 73, 3291–3301,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1499214, 2002.
Brown, S. S., Ryerson, T. B., Wollny, A. G., Brock, C. A., Peltier, R.,
Sullivan, A. P., Weber, R. J., Dube, W. P., Trainer, M., Meagher, J. F.,
Fehsenfeld, F. C., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Variability in nocturnal
nitrogen oxide processing and its role in regional air quality, Science,
311, 67–70, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120120, 2006.
Brown, S. S., Dube, W. P., Fuchs, H., Ryerson, T. B., Wollny, A. G., Brock,
C. A., Bahreini, R., Middlebrook, A. M., Neuman, J. A., Atlas, E., Roberts,
J. M., Osthoff, H. D., Trainer, M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., and Ravishankara, A.
R.: Reactive uptake coefficients for N2O5 determined from aircraft
measurements during the Second Texas Air Quality Study: Comparison to
current model parameterizations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00F10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd011679, 2009.
Brown, S. S., Dubé, W. P., Tham, Y. J., Zha, Q., Xue, L., Poon, S.,
Wang, Z., Blake, D. R., Tsui, W., Parrish, D. D., and Wang, T.: Nighttime
chemistry at a high altitude site above Hong Kong, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
121, 2457–2475, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd024566, 2016.
Chang, W. L., Bhave, P. V., Brown, S. S., Riemer, N., Stutz, J., and Dabdub,
D.: Heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry, ambient measurements, and model
calculations of N2O5: A review, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45, 665–695, 2011.
Chen, X., Wang, H., Lu, K., Li, C., Zhai, T., Tan, Z., Ma, X., Yang, X.,
Liu, Y., Chen, S., Dong, H., Li, X., Wu, Z., Hu, M., Zeng, L., and Zhang,
Y.: Field Determination of Nitrate Formation Pathway in Winter Beijing,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 9243–9253, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00972, 2020.
Chen, X., Wang, H., and Lu, K.: Interpretation of NO3–N2O5 observation via steady state in high-aerosol air mass: the impact of equilibrium coefficient in ambient conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3525–3533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3525-2022, 2022.
Cosman, L. M., Knopf, D. A., and Bertram, A. K.: N2O5 reactive uptake on aqueous sulfuric acid solutions coated with branched and straight-chain
insoluble organic surfactants, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 2386–2396,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp710685r, 2008.
Danckwerts, P. V.: Continuous flow systems: distribution of residence times,
Chem. Eng. Sci., 2, 1–13, 1953.
Davis, J. M., Bhave, P. V., and Foley, K. M.: Parameterization of N2O5 reaction probabilities on the surface of particles containing ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5295–5311, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5295-2008, 2008.
Dentener, F. J. and Crutzen, P. J.: Reaction Of N2O5 On Tropospheric
Aerosols – Impact On The Global Distributions Of NOx, O3, And OH, J.
Geophys. Res. Atmos., 98, 7149–7163, 1993.
Escoreia, E. N., Sjostedt, S. J., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Kinetics of N2O5 Hydrolysis on Secondary Organic Aerosol and Mixed Ammonium
Bisulfate-Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114,
13113–13121, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp107721v, 2010.
Evans, M. and Jacob, D. J.: Impact of new laboratory studies of N2O5
hydrolysis on global model budgets of tropospheric nitrogen oxides, ozone,
and OH, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L09813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022469, 2005.
Folkers, M., Mentel, T. F., and Wahner, A.: Influence of an organic coating
on the reactivity of aqueous aerosols probed by the heterogeneous hydrolysis
of N2O5, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1644, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017168, 2003.
Fried, A., Henry, B. E., Calvert, J. G., and Mozurkewich, M.: The reaction probability of N2O5 with sulfuric acid aerosols at stratospheric temperatures and compositions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 3517–3532,
https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd01907, 1994.
Fu, X., Wang, T., Gao, J., Wang, P., Liu, Y., Wang, S., Zhao, B., and Xue,
L.: Persistent Heavy Winter Nitrate Pollution Driven by Increased
Photochemical Oxidants in Northern China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54,
3881–3889, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07248, 2020.
Fuchs, N. A. and Sutugin, A. G.: HIGH-DISPERSED AEROSOLS, in: Topics in Current Aerosol Research, edited by: Hidy, G. M., and Brock, J. R., Pergamon, 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-016674-2.50006-6, 1971.
Gaston, C. J. and Thornton, J. A.: Reacto-Diffusive Length of N2O5 in
Aqueous Sulfate- and Chloride-Containing Aerosol Particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 120, 1039–1045, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11914, 2016.
Gaston, C. J., Thornton, J. A., and Ng, N. L.: Reactive uptake of N2O5 to internally mixed inorganic and organic particles: the role of organic carbon oxidation state and inferred organic phase separations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5693–5707, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5693-2014, 2014.
Griffiths, P. T., Badger, C. L., Cox, R. A., Folkers, M., Henk, H. H., and
Mentel, T. F.: Reactive Uptake of N2O5 by Aerosols Containing Dicarboxylic Acids. Effect of Particle Phase, Composition, and Nitrate Content, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 5082–5090, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8096814, 2009.
Gross, S., Iannone, R., Xiao, S., and Bertram, A. K.: Reactive uptake studies of NO3 and N2O5 on alkenoic acid, alkanoate, and polyalcohol
substrates to probe nighttime aerosol chemistry, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7792–7803, https://doi.org/10.1039/b904741g, 2009.
Hallquist, M., Stewart, D. J., Baker, J., and Cox, R. A.: Hydrolysis of
N2O5 on submicron sulfuric acid aerosols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104,
3984–3990, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9939625, 2000.
Hallquist, M., Stewart, D. J., Stephenson, S. K., and Anthony Cox, R.:
Hydrolysis of N2O5 on sub-micron sulfate aerosols, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, 3453, https://doi.org/10.1039/b301827j, 2003.
Hu, J. H. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Reaction probabilities for N2O5 hydrolysis on sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate aerosols at room temperature, J. Phys. Chem. A, 101, 871–878, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9627436, 1997.
Huang, Y., Coggon, M. M., Zhao, R., Lignell, H., Bauer, M. U., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: The Caltech Photooxidation Flow Tube reactor: design, fluid dynamics and characterization, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 839–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-839-2017, 2017.
Kane, S. M., Caloz, F., and Leu, M. T.: Heterogeneous uptake of gaseous
N2O5 by (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, and H2SO4 aerosols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 6465–6470, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp010490x, 2001.
Karagulian, F., Santschi, C., and Rossi, M. J.: The heterogeneous chemical kinetics of N2O5 on CaCO3 and other atmospheric mineral dust surrogates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1373–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1373-2006, 2006.
Kennedy, O. J., Ouyang, B., Langridge, J. M., Daniels, M. J. S., Bauguitte, S., Freshwater, R., McLeod, M. W., Ironmonger, C., Sendall, J., Norris, O., Nightingale, R., Ball, S. M., and Jones, R. L.: An aircraft based three channel broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer for simultaneous measurements of NO3, N2O5 and NO2, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1759–1776, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-1759-2011, 2011.
Lambe, A. T., Ahern, A. T., Williams, L. R., Slowik, J. G., Wong, J. P. S., Abbatt, J. P. D., Brune, W. H., Ng, N. L., Wright, J. P., Croasdale, D. R., Worsnop, D. R., Davidovits, P., and Onasch, T. B.: Characterization of aerosol photooxidation flow reactors: heterogeneous oxidation, secondary organic aerosol formation and cloud condensation nuclei activity measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 445–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-445-2011, 2011.
Li, C., Wang, H., Chen, X., Zhai, T., Chen, S., Li, X., Zeng, L., and Lu, K.: Thermal dissociation cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer for measuring NO2, RO2NO2, and RONO2 in the atmosphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4033–4051, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4033-2021, 2021.
Li, Q., Zhang, L., Wang, T., Tham, Y. J., Ahmadov, R., Xue, L., Zhang, Q., and Zheng, J.: Impacts of heterogeneous uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide and chlorine activation on ozone and reactive nitrogen partitioning: improvement and application of the WRF-Chem model in southern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14875–14890, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14875-2016, 2016.
Liu, X., Gu, J., Li, Y., Cheng, Y., Qu, Y., Han, T., Wang, J., Tian, H.,
Chen, J., and Zhang, Y.: Increase of aerosol scattering by hygroscopic
growth: Observation, modeling, and implications on visibility, Atmos. Res.,
132, 91–101, 2013.
Lowe, D., Archer-Nicholls, S., Morgan, W., Allan, J., Utembe, S., Ouyang, B., Aruffo, E., Le Breton, M., Zaveri, R. A., Di Carlo, P., Percival, C., Coe, H., Jones, R., and McFiggans, G.: WRF-Chem model predictions of the regional impacts of N2O5 heterogeneous processes on night-time chemistry over north-western Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1385–1409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1385-2015, 2015.
Macintyre, H. L. and Evans, M. J.: Sensitivity of a global model to the uptake of N2O5 by tropospheric aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7409–7414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7409-2010, 2010.
Martin, S. T.: Phase transitions of aqueous atmospheric particles, Chem.
Rev., 100, 3403–3454, 2000.
McDuffie, E. E., Fibiger, D. L., Dubé, W. P., Lopez-Hilfiker, F., Lee,
B. H., Thornton, J. A., Shah, V., Jaeglé, L., Guo, H., Weber, R. J.,
Michael Reeves, J., Weinheimer, A. J., Schroder, J. C., Campuzano-Jost, P.,
Jimenez, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Veres, P., Ebben, C., Sparks, T. L.,
Wooldridge, P. J., Cohen, R. C., Hornbrook, R. S., Apel, E. C., Campos, T.,
Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., and Brown, S. S.: Heterogeneous N2O5
Uptake During Winter: Aircraft Measurements During the 2015 WINTER Campaign
and Critical Evaluation of Current Parameterizations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 4345–4372, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018jd028336, 2018.
McDuffie, E. E., Womack, C. C., Fibiger, D. L., Dube, W. P., Franchin, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Goldberger, L., Lee, B. H., Thornton, J. A., Moravek, A., Murphy, J. G., Baasandorj, M., and Brown, S. S.: On the contribution of nocturnal heterogeneous reactive nitrogen chemistry to particulate matter formation during wintertime pollution events in Northern Utah, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9287–9308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9287-2019, 2019.
McNeill, V. F., Patterson, J., Wolfe, G. M., and Thornton, J. A.: The effect of varying levels of surfactant on the reactive uptake of N2O5 to aqueous aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1635–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1635-2006, 2006.
Mentel, T. F., Sohn, M., and Wahner, A.: Nitrate effect in the heterogeneous
hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide on aqueous aerosols, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1, 5451–5457, https://doi.org/10.1039/a905338g, 1999.
Mielke, L. H., Stutz, J., Tsai, C., Hurlock, S. C., Roberts, J. M., Veres,
P. R., Froyd, K. D., Hayes, P. L., Cubison, M. J., Jimenez, J. L.,
Washenfelder, R. A., Young, C. J., Gilman, J. B., de Gouw, J. A., Flynn, J.
H., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B. L., Liu, J., Weber, R. J., and Osthoff, H. D.:
Heterogeneous formation of nitryl chloride and its role as a nocturnal NOx
reservoir species during CalNex-LA 2010, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
10638–610652, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50783, 2013.
Mitroo, D., Gill, T. E., Haas, S., Pratt, K. A., and Gaston, C. J.: CINO2
Production from N2O5 Uptake on Saline Playa Dusts: New Insights into
Potential Inland Sources of CINO2, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 7442–7452, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01112, 2019.
Mozurkewich, M. and Calvert, J. G.: Reaction probability of N2O5 on aqueous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 93, 15889–15896, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD093iD12p15889, 1988.
Murray, L. T., Fiore, A. M., Shindell, D. T., Naik, V., and Horowitz, L. W.:
Large uncertainties in global hydroxyl projections tied to fate of reactive
nitrogen and carbon, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2115204118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115204118, 2021.
Osthoff, H. D., Roberts, J. M., Ravishankara, A. R., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M., Sommariva, R., Bates, T. S., Coffman, D., Quinn, P. K., Dibb, J. E., Stark, H., Burkholder, J. B., Talukdar, R. K., Meagher, J., Fehsenfeld, F. C., and Brown, S. S.: High levels of nitryl chloride in the polluted subtropical marine boundary layer, Nat. Geosci., 1, 324–328,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo177, 2008.
Phillips, G. J., Thieser, J., Tang, M., Sobanski, N., Schuster, G., Fachinger, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Bingemer, H., Lelieveld, J., and Crowley, J. N.: Estimating N2O5 uptake coefficients using ambient measurements of NO3, N2O5, ClNO2 and particle-phase nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13231–13249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13231-2016, 2016.
Platt, U. F., Winer, A. M., Biermann, H. W., Atkinson, R., and Pitts, J. N.:
Measurement of nitrate radical concentrations in continental air,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 365–369, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00123a015, 1984.
Prabhakar, G., Parworth, C. L., Zhang, X., Kim, H., Young, D. E., Beyersdorf, A. J., Ziemba, L. D., Nowak, J. B., Bertram, T. H., Faloona, I. C., Zhang, Q., and Cappa, C. D.: Observational assessment of the role of nocturnal residual-layer chemistry in determining daytime surface particulate nitrate concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14747–14770, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14747-2017, 2017.
Riedel, T. P., Bertram, T. H., Crisp, T. A., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M.,
Vlasenko, A., Li, S. M., Gilman, J., de Gouw, J., Bon, D. M., Wagner, N. L.,
Brown, S. S., and Thornton, J. A.: Nitryl Chloride and Molecular Chlorine in
the Coastal Marine Boundary Layer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 10463–10470, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204632r, 2012a.
Riedel, T. P., Bertram, T. H., Ryder, O. S., Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., Gaston, C. J., Prather, K. A., and Thornton, J. A.: Direct N2O5 reactivity measurements at a polluted coastal site, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2959–2968, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2959-2012, 2012b.
Riedel, T. P., Wagner, N. L., Dube, W. P., Middlebrook, A. M., Young, C. J.,
Ozturk, F., Bahreini, R., VandenBoer, T. C., Wolfe, D. E., Williams, E. J.,
Roberts, J. M., Brown, S. S., and Thornton, J. A.: Chlorine activation
within urban or power plant plumes: Vertically resolved ClNO2 and Cl2
measurements from a tall tower in a polluted continental setting, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 8702–8715, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50637, 2013.
Riemer, N., Vogel, H., Vogel, B., Schell, B., Ackermann, I., Kessler, C.,
and Hass, H.: Impact of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on chemistry and nitrate aerosol formation in the lower troposphere under photosmog conditions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4144, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002436, 2003.
Riemer, N., Vogel, H., Vogel, B., Anttila, T., Kiendler-Scharr, A., and
Mentel, T. F.: Relative importance of organic coatings for the heterogeneous
hydrolysis of N2O5during summer in Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D17307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd011369, 2009.
Royer, H. M., Mitroo, D., Hayes, S. M., Haas, S. M., Pratt, K. A.,
Blackwelder, P. L., Gill, T. E., and Gaston, C. J.: The Role of Hydrates,
Competing Chemical Constituents, and Surface Composition on CINO2 Formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 2869–2877, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06067, 2021.
Sarwar, G., Simon, H., Bhave, P., and Yarwood, G.: Examining the impact of heterogeneous nitryl chloride production on air quality across the United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6455–6473, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6455-2012, 2012.
Schweitzer, F., Mirabel, P., and George, C.: Multiphase chemistry of N2O5, ClNO2, and BrNO2, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 3942–3952, 1998.
Tang, M. J., Telford, P. J., Pope, F. D., Rkiouak, L., Abraham, N. L., Archibald, A. T., Braesicke, P., Pyle, J. A., McGregor, J., Watson, I. M., Cox, R. A., and Kalberer, M.: Heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with airborne TiO2 particles and its implication for stratospheric particle injection, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6035–6048, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6035-2014, 2014.
Tham, Y. J., Wang, Z., Li, Q., Yun, H., Wang, W., Wang, X., Xue, L., Lu, K., Ma, N., Bohn, B., Li, X., Kecorius, S., Größ, J., Shao, M., Wiedensohler, A., Zhang, Y., and Wang, T.: Significant concentrations of nitryl chloride sustained in the morning: investigations of the causes and impacts on ozone production in a polluted region of northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14959–14977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14959-2016, 2016.
Tham, Y. J., Wang, Z., Li, Q., Wang, W., Wang, X., Lu, K., Ma, N., Yan, C., Kecorius, S., Wiedensohler, A., Zhang, Y., and Wang, T.: Heterogeneous N2O5 uptake coefficient and production yield of ClNO2 in polluted northern China: roles of aerosol water content and chemical composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13155–13171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13155-2018, 2018.
Thornton, J. A. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: N2O5 reaction on submicron sea salt aerosol: Kinetics, products, and the effect of surface active organics, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, 10004-10012, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp054183t, 2005.
Thornton, J. A., Braban, C. F., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: N2O5 hydrolysis on sub-micron organic aerosols: the effect of relative humidity, particle
phase, and particle size, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, 4593–4603, https://doi.org/10.1039/b307498f, 2003.
Thornton, J. A., Kercher, J. P., Riedel, T. P., Wagner, N. L., Cozic, J.,
Holloway, J. S., Dube, W. P., Wolfe, G. M., Quinn, P. K., Middlebrook, A.
M., Alexander, B., and Brown, S. S.: A large atomic chlorine source inferred
from mid-continental reactive nitrogen chemistry, Nature, 464, 271–274,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08905, 2010.
Van Doren, J. M., Watson, L. R., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., Zahniser,
M. S., and Kolb, C. E.: Temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients of
nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitrogen oxide (N2O5) by water droplets, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 3265–3269, 1990.
Wagner, N. L., Riedel, T. P., Young, C. J., Bahreini, R., Brock, C. A.,
Dubé, W. P., Kim, S., Middlebrook, A. M., Öztürk, F., Roberts,
J. M., Russo, R., Sive, B., Swarthout, R., Thornton, J. A., VandenBoer, T.
C., Zhou, Y., and Brown, S. S.: N2O5 uptake coefficients and nocturnal NO2 removal rates determined from ambient wintertime measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 9331–9350, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50653, 2013.
Wahner, A., Mentel, T. F., Sohn, M., and Stier, J.: Heterogeneous reaction
of N2O5 on sodium nitrate aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31103–31112, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998jd100022, 1998.
Wang, H., Chen, J., and Lu, K.: Development of a portable cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer for the measurement of ambient NO3 and N2O5: experimental setup, lab characterizations, and field applications in a polluted urban environment, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1465–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1465-2017, 2017a.
Wang, H., Lu, K., Chen, X., Zhu, Q., Chen, Q., Guo, S., Jiang, M., Li, X.,
Shang, D., Tan, Z., Wu, Y., Wu, Z., Zou, Q., Zheng, Y., Zeng, L., Zhu, T.,
Hu, M., and Zhang, Y.: High N2O5 Concentrations Observed in Urban
Beijing: Implications of a Large Nitrate Formation Pathway, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 4, 416–420, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00341, 2017b.
Wang, H., Lu, K. D., Chen, X. R., Zhu, Q. D., Chen, Q., Guo, S., Jiang,
M. Q., Li, X., Shang, D. J., Tan, Z. F., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Z. J., Zou, Q.,
Zheng, Y., Zeng, L. M., Zhu, T., Hu, M., and Zhang, Y. H.: High N2O5
Concentrations Observed in Urban Beijing: Implications of a Large Nitrate
Formation Pathway, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 4, 416–420,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00341, 2017c.
Wang, H., Lu, K., Chen, X., Zhu, Q., Wu, Z., Wu, Y., and Sun, K.: Fast particulate nitrate formation via N2O5 uptake aloft in winter in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10483–10495, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10483-2018, 2018a.
Wang, H., Lu, K., Guo, S., Wu, Z., Shang, D., Tan, Z., Wang, Y., Le Breton, M., Lou, S., Tang, M., Wu, Y., Zhu, W., Zheng, J., Zeng, L., Hallquist, M., Hu, M., and Zhang, Y.: Efficient N2O5 uptake and NO3 oxidation in the outflow of urban Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9705–9721, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9705-2018, 2018b.
Wang, H., Chen, X., Lu, K., Tan, Z., Ma, X., Wu, Z., Li, X., Liu, Y., Shang,
D., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Hu, M., Schmitt, S., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A.,
and Zhang, Y.: Wintertime N2O5 uptake coefficients over the North China
Plain, Sci. Bull., 65, 765–774, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.02.006, 2020a.
Wang, H., Chen, X. R., Lu, K. D., Hu, R. Z., Li, Z. Y., Wang, H. L., Ma,
X. F., Yang, X. P., Chen, S. Y., Dong, H. B., Liu, Y., Fang, X., Zeng, L.
M., Hu, M., and Zhang, Y. H.: NO3 and N2O5 chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018, Atmos. Environ., 224, 117180,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117180, 2020b.
Wang, H., Peng, C., Wang, X., Lou, S., Lu, K., Gan, G., Jia, X., Chen, X., Chen, J., Wang, H., Fan, S., Wang, X., and Tang, M.: N2O5 uptake onto saline mineral dust: a potential missing source of tropospheric ClNO2 in inland China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1845–1859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, 2022.
Wang, W., Wang, Z., Yu, C., Xia, M., Peng, X., Zhou, Y., Yue, D., Ou, Y., and Wang, T.: An in situ flow tube system for direct measurement of N2O5 heterogeneous uptake coefficients in polluted environments, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5643–5655, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5643-2018, 2018.
Wang, X., Wang, H., Xue, L., Wang, T., Wang, L., Gu, R., Wang, W., Tham, Y.
J., Wang, Z., Yang, L., Chen, J., and Wang, W.: Observations of N2O5 and ClNO2 at a polluted urban surface site in North China: High N2O5 uptake coefficients and low ClNO2 product yields, Atmos. Environ., 156, 125–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.035, 2017.
Wang, Y. L., Song, W., Yang, W., Sun, X. C., Tong, Y. D., Wang, X. M., Liu,
C. Q., Bai, Z. P., and Liu, X. Y.: Influences of atmospheric pollution on
the contributions of major oxidation pathways to PM2.5 nitrate formation in Beijing, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 4174–4185, 2019.
Wang, Z., Wang, W., Tham, Y. J., Li, Q., Wang, H., Wen, L., Wang, X., and Wang, T.: Fast heterogeneous N2O5 uptake and ClNO2 production in power plant and industrial plumes observed in the nocturnal residual layer over the North China Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12361–12378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12361-2017, 2017.
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Wang, G., Lv, S., Li, D., Liu, L., Li, J., Liu, S., Du,
W., and Meng, J.: Efficient heterogeneous formation of ammonium nitrate on
the saline mineral particle surface in the atmosphere of East Asia during
dust storm periods, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 15622–15630, 2020.
Xia, M., Wang, W., Wang, Z., Gao, J., Li, H., Liang, Y., Yu, C., Zhang, Y.,
Wang, P., Zhang, Y., Bi, F., Cheng, X., and Tao, W.: Heterogeneous Uptake of
N2O5 in Sand Dust and Urban Aerosols Observed during the Dry Season in
Beijing, Atmosphere, 10, 204, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040204, 2019.
Yu, C., Wang, Z., Xia, M., Fu, X., Wang, W., Tham, Y. J., Chen, T., Zheng, P., Li, H., Shan, Y., Wang, X., Xue, L., Zhou, Y., Yue, D., Ou, Y., Gao, J., Lu, K., Brown, S. S., Zhang, Y., and Wang, T.: Heterogeneous N2O5 reactions on atmospheric aerosols at four Chinese sites: improving model representation of uptake parameters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4367–4378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4367-2020, 2020.
Yun, H., Wang, T., Wang, W. H., Tham, Y. J., Li, Q. Y., Wang, Z., and Poon,
S. C. N.: Nighttime NOx loss and ClNO2 formation in the residual layer of a polluted region: Insights from field measurements and an iterative box
model, Sci. Total Environ., 622, 727–734, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.352, 2018.
Short summary
N2O5 is an important reservoir of atmospheric nitrogen, on whose interface reaction ambient particles can largely influence the fate of nitrogen oxides and air quality. In this study, we develop an approach to enable the reactions of N2O5 on ambient particles directly in a tube reactor, deriving the reaction rates with high accuracy by means of a chemistry model. Its successful application helps complement the data scarcity and to fill the knowledge gap between laboratory and field results.
N2O5 is an important reservoir of atmospheric nitrogen, on whose interface reaction ambient...
