Articles | Volume 13, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2865-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2865-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 May 2020
Research article |
| 29 May 2020
| 29 May 2020
Development of a new correction algorithm applicable to any filter-based absorption photometer
Hanyang Li
The Ohio State University Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Gavin R. McMeeking
Handix Scientific, LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
The Ohio State University Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Benjamin N. Murphy, Darrell Sonntag, Karl M. Seltzer, Havala O. T. Pye, Christine Allen, Evan Murray, Claudia Toro, Drew R. Gentner, Cheng Huang, Shantanu Jathar, Li Li, Andrew A. May, and Allen L. Robinson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13469–13483, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We update methods for calculating organic particle and vapor emissions from mobile sources in the USA. Conventionally, particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic carbon (VOC) are speciated without consideration of primary semivolatile emissions. Our methods integrate state-of-the-science speciation profiles and correct for common artifacts when sampling emissions in a laboratory. We quantify impacts of the emission updates on ambient pollution with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model.
Anna L. Hodshire, Ezra J. T. Levin, A. Gannet Hallar, Christopher N. Rapp, Dan R. Gilchrist, Ian McCubbin, and Gavin R. McMeeking
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-216, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-216, 2022
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
The new Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber-Ice Activation Spectrometer collected 4 months of ice nucleating particle (INP) measurements at a 5-minute resolution at the mountainside Storm Peak Laboratory. Most long-term INP measurements are at a time resolution of a day or longer: our instrument is a promising advance towards high-resolution long-term INP measurements. We observe higher peak INP concentrations than previous mountain studies, possibly due to the higher time resolution of our data.
Anna L. Hodshire, Ezra J. T. Levin, A. Gannet Hallar, Christopher N. Rapp, Dan R. Gilchrist, Ian McCubbin, and Gavin R. McMeeking
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-29, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-29, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The new Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber-Ice Activation Spectrometer collected 4 months of ice nucleating particle (INP) measurements at a 5-minute resolution at the mountainside Storm Peak Laboratory. Most long-term INP measurements are at a time resolution of a day or longer: our instrument is a promising advance towards high-resolution long-term INP measurements. We observe higher peak INP concentrations than previous mountain studies, possibly due to the higher time resolution of our data.
Trevor S. Krasowsky, Gavin R. McMeeking, Constantinos Sioutas, and George Ban-Weiss
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11991–12010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11991-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11991-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) particles can have deleterious health consequences and impact regional and global climate. We aim to observe how processing near highways and longer timescale aging in an urban plume affect BC physical properties including coatings. Measurements in distinct regions of the Los Angeles Basin indicate that health-relevant physical properties can change within 100 m of the freeway. Climate-relevant properties downwind of Los Angeles depend on day of week and overall meteorology.
Qijing Bian, Shantanu H. Jathar, John K. Kodros, Kelley C. Barsanti, Lindsay E. Hatch, Andrew A. May, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, and Jeffrey R. Pierce
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5459–5475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5459-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5459-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we perform simulations of the evolution of biomass-burning organic aerosol in laboratory smog-chamber experiments and ambient plumes. We find that in smog-chamber experiments, vapor wall losses lead to a large reduction in the apparent secondary organic aerosol formation. In ambient plumes, fire size and meteorology regulate the plume dilution rate, primary organic aerosol evaporation rate, and secondary organic aerosol formation rate.
Cynthia H. Twohy, Gavin R. McMeeking, Paul J. DeMott, Christina S. McCluskey, Thomas C. J. Hill, Susannah M. Burrows, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Meryem Tanarhte, Durga N. Kafle, and Darin W. Toohey
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8205–8225, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Fluorescent biological aerosol particles were measured in autumn over the continental United States at a variety of altitudes and temperatures, spanning the atmospheric boundary layer to the upper troposphere. Number concentrations of these particles generally decreased with height but were most variable at middle altitudes, above the boundary layer. This corresponds to the temperature range where biological particles may be more important than mineral dust at nucleating ice in clouds.
Q. Bian, A. A. May, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. R. Pierce
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11027–11045, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11027-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11027-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Losses of semi-volatile vapors to Teflon walls may contribute to significant primary particle evaporation during wood-smoke aerosol experiments. These vapor losses may also affect secondary organic aerosol formation during these experiments.
A. Retama, D. Baumgardner, G. B. Raga, G. R. McMeeking, and J. W. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9693–9709, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9693-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9693-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Extended measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC) derived from light absorption measurements have been made with a PAX over a 13 month period. The daily trends in eBC and other co-pollutants are evaluated with respect to season.
The primary factors that led to large changes between the wet and dry seasons are the accelerated vertical mixing of boundary layer and free tropospheric air, by the formation of clouds and decreased actinic flux that reduces the production of ozone.
A. A. May, T. Lee, G. R. McMeeking, S. Akagi, A. P. Sullivan, S. Urbanski, R. J. Yokelson, and S. M. Kreidenweis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6323–6335, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6323-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6323-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Smoke plumes from some prescribed fires in the southeastern United States were sampled via aircraft to observe changes in organic aerosol (OA) with atmospheric transport. These plumes underwent rapid mixing, and, hence, substantial dilution with background air occurred. Dilution-driven evaporation appears to be the primary driver of OA transformations within the sampled plumes rather than photochemistry.
P. J. DeMott, A. J. Prenni, G. R. McMeeking, R. C. Sullivan, M. D. Petters, Y. Tobo, M. Niemand, O. Möhler, J. R. Snider, Z. Wang, and S. M. Kreidenweis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 393–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-393-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-393-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory and field data are used together to develop an empirical relation between the concentrations of mineral dust particles at sizes above 0.5 microns, approximated as a single compositional type, and ice nucleating particle concentrations measured versus temperature. This should be useful in global modeling of ice cloud formation. The utility of laboratory data for parameterization development is reinforced, and the need for careful interpretation of ice nucleation data is emphasized.
A. P. Sullivan, A. A. May, T. Lee, G. R. McMeeking, S. M. Kreidenweis, S. K. Akagi, R. J. Yokelson, S. P. Urbanski, and J. L. Collett Jr.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10535–10545, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10535-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10535-2014, 2014
T. D. Gordon, A. A. Presto, A. A. May, N. T. Nguyen, E. M. Lipsky, N. M. Donahue, A. Gutierrez, M. Zhang, C. Maddox, P. Rieger, S. Chattopadhyay, H. Maldonado, M. M. Maricq, and A. L. Robinson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4661–4678, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4661-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4661-2014, 2014
R. Saleh, C. J. Hennigan, G. R. McMeeking, W. K. Chuang, E. S. Robinson, H. Coe, N. M. Donahue, and A. L. Robinson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7683–7693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7683-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7683-2013, 2013
T. Hamburger, G. McMeeking, A. Minikin, A. Petzold, H. Coe, and R. Krejci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11533–11554, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11533-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11533-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Technique: Laboratory Measurement | Topic: Data Processing and Information Retrieval
Estimating errors in vehicle secondary aerosol production factors due to oxidation flow reactor response time
Quantifying functional group compositions of household fuel-burning emissions
A new software toolkit for optical apportionment of carbonaceous aerosol
Theoretical derivation of aerosol lidar ratio using Mie theory for CALIOP-CALIPSO and OPAC aerosol models
An extraction method for nitrogen isotope measurement of ammonium in a low-concentration environment
Estimation of secondary organic aerosol formation parameters for the volatility basis set combining thermodenuder, isothermal dilution, and yield measurements
Characterization of offline analysis of particulate matter with FIGAERO-CIMS
Mass spectrometry-based Aerosolomics: a new approach to resolve sources, composition, and partitioning of secondary organic aerosol
A universally applicable method of calculating confidence bands for ice nucleation spectra derived from droplet freezing experiments
Thermal–optical analysis of quartz fiber filters loaded with snow samples – determination of iron based on interferences caused by mineral dust
Modelling ultrafine particle growth in a flow tube reactor
Substantial organic impurities at the surface of synthetic ammonium sulfate particles
Contrasting mineral dust abundances from X-ray diffraction and reflectance spectroscopy
Fragment ion–functional group relationships in organic aerosols using aerosol mass spectrometry and mid-infrared spectroscopy
Evolution under dark conditions of particles from old and modern diesel vehicles in a new environmental chamber characterized with fresh exhaust emissions
Quantification of isomer-resolved iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometry sensitivity and uncertainty using a voltage-scanning approach
Assessing the sources of particles at an urban background site using both regulatory instruments and low-cost sensors – a comparative study
High-resolution optical constants of crystalline ammonium nitrate for infrared remote sensing of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer
Assessing the accuracy of low-cost optical particle sensors using a physics-based approach
Comparison of dimension reduction techniques in the analysis of mass spectrometry data
Chemical discrimination of the particulate and gas phases of miniCAST exhausts using a two-filter collection method
External and internal cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) mixtures: controlled laboratory studies of varying mixing states
Classification of iron oxide aerosols by a single particle soot photometer using supervised machine learning
Method to measure the size-resolved real part of aerosol refractive index using differential mobility analyzer in tandem with single-particle soot photometer
Quantitative capabilities of STXM to measure spatially resolved organic volume fractions of mixed organic ∕ inorganic particles
Revisiting the differential freezing nucleus spectra derived from drop-freezing experiments: methods of calculation, applications, and confidence limits
Particle wall-loss correction methods in smog chamber experiments
Improved real-time bio-aerosol classification using artificial neural networks
Machine learning for improved data analysis of biological aerosol using the WIBS
A machine learning approach to aerosol classification for single-particle mass spectrometry
Evaluation of a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method applied to WIBS laboratory data for improved discrimination of biological particles by comparing data preparation techniques
Using depolarization to quantify ice nucleating particle concentrations: a new method
Real-time analysis of insoluble particles in glacial ice using single-particle mass spectrometry
Evaluation of machine learning algorithms for classification of primary biological aerosol using a new UV-LIF spectrometer
Size distribution of particle-associated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their implications for health
Predicting ambient aerosol thermal–optical reflectance (TOR) measurements from infrared spectra: extending the predictions to different years and different sites
Electrodynamic balance measurements of thermodynamic, kinetic, and optical aerosol properties inaccessible to bulk methods
Mass-specific optical absorption coefficients and imaginary part of the complex refractive indices of mineral dust components measured by a multi-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer
An experiment to measure raindrop collection efficiencies: influence of rear capture
Quantitative single-particle analysis with the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer: development of a new classification algorithm and its application to field data
A modeling approach to evaluate the uncertainty in estimating the evaporation behaviour and volatility of organic aerosols
A model of aerosol evaporation kinetics in a thermodenuder
Pauli Simonen, Miikka Dal Maso, Pinja Prauda, Anniina Hoilijoki, Anette Karppinen, Pekka Matilainen, Panu Karjalainen, and Jorma Keskinen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3219–3236, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary aerosol is formed in the atmosphere from gaseous emissions. Oxidation flow reactors used in secondary aerosol research do not immediately respond to changes in the inlet concentration of gases because of their broad transfer functions. This may result in incorrect secondary aerosol production factors determined for vehicles. We studied the extent of possible errors and found that oxidation flow reactors with faster responses result in smaller errors.
Emily Y. Li, Amir Yazdani, Ann M. Dillner, Guofeng Shen, Wyatt M. Champion, James J. Jetter, William T. Preston, Lynn M. Russell, Michael D. Hays, and Satoshi Takahama
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2401–2413, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Infrared spectroscopy is a cost-effective measurement technique to characterize the chemical composition of organic aerosol emissions. This technique differentiates the organic matter emission factor from different fuel sources by their characteristic functional groups. Comparison with collocated measurements suggests that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in emissions estimated by conventional chromatography may be substantially underestimated.
Tommaso Isolabella, Vera Bernardoni, Alessandro Bigi, Marco Brunoldi, Federico Mazzei, Franco Parodi, Paolo Prati, Virginia Vernocchi, and Dario Massabò
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1363–1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1363-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1363-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an innovative software toolkit to differentiate sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the atmosphere. Our toolkit implements an upgraded mathematical model which allows for determination of fundamental optical properties of the aerosol, its sources, and the mass concentration of different carbonaceous species of particulate matter. We have tested the functionality of the software by re-analysing published data, and we obtained a compatible results with additional information.
Radhika A. Chipade and Mehul R. Pandya
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5443–5459, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5443-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5443-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The extinction-to-backscattering ratio, popularly known as lidar ratio of atmospheric aerosols, is an important optical property, which is essential to retrieve the extinction profiles of atmospheric aerosols. A physics-based theoretical approach is presented in the present paper that estimates lidar ratio values for CALIPSO and OPAC aerosol models, which can be used as inputs to determine the extinction profiles of aerosols using CALIPSO data.
Alexis Lamothe, Joel Savarino, Patrick Ginot, Lison Soussaintjean, Elsa Gautier, Pete D. Akers, Nicolas Caillon, and Joseph Erbland
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4015–4030, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia is a reactive gas in our atmosphere that is key in air quality issues. Assessing its emissions and how it reacts is a hot topic that can be addressed from the past. Stable isotopes (the mass of the molecule) measured in ice cores (glacial archives) can teach us a lot. However, the concentrations in ice cores are very small. We propose a protocol to limit the contamination and apply it to one ice core drilled in Mont Blanc, describing the opportunities our method brings.
Petro Uruci, Dontavious Sippial, Anthoula Drosatou, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3155–3172, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3155-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we develop an algorithm for the synthesis of the measurements performed in atmospheric simulation chambers regarding the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Novel features of the algorithm are its ability to use measurements of SOA yields, thermodenuders, and isothermal dilution; its estimation of parameters that can be used directly in atmospheric chemical transport models; and finally its estimates of the uncertainty in SOA formation yields.
Jing Cai, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Cheng Wu, Yan Zheng, Feixue Zheng, Wei Du, Sophie L. Haslett, Qi Chen, Markku Kulmala, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1147–1165, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1147-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce the offline application of FIGAERO-CIMS by analyzing Teflon and quartz filter samples that were collected at a typical urban site in Beijing with the deposition time varying from 30 min to 24 h. This method provides a feasible, simple, and quantitative way to investigate the molecular composition and volatility of OA compounds by using FIGAERO-CIMS to analyze offline samples.
Markus Thoma, Franziska Bachmeier, Felix Leonard Gottwald, Mario Simon, and Alexander Lucas Vogel
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7137–7154, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7137-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce the aerosolomics database and apply it to particulate matter samples. Nine VOCs were oxidized under various conditions in an oxidation flow reactor, and the formed SOA was measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. With the database, an unambiguous top-down attribution of atmospheric oxidation products to their parent VOCs is now possible. Combining the database with hierarchical clustering enables a better understanding of sources, formation, and partitioning of SOA.
William D. Fahy, Cosma Rohilla Shalizi, and Ryan Christopher Sullivan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6819–6836, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6819-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6819-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Heterogeneous ice nucleation (IN) alters cloud microphysics and climate, and droplet freezing assays are widely used to determine a material's IN ability. Existing statistical procedures require restrictive assumptions that may bias reported results, and there is no rigorous way to compare IN spectra. To improve the accuracy of reported IN data, we present a method for calculating statistics and confidence bands and testing statistical differences between IN activities in different materials.
Daniela Kau, Marion Greilinger, Bernadette Kirchsteiger, Aron Göndör, Christopher Herzig, Andreas Limbeck, Elisabeth Eitenberger, and Anne Kasper-Giebl
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5207–5217, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The use of thermal–optical analysis for the determination of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) can be biased by mineral dust (MD). We present a method that utilizes this interference to quantify iron contained in MD in snow samples. Possibilities and limitations of applying this method to particulate matter samples are presented. The influence of light-absorbing iron compounds in MD on the transmittance signal can be used to identify samples experiencing a bias of the OC / EC split.
Michael S. Taylor Jr., Devon N. Higgins, and Murray V. Johnston
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4663–4674, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4663-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4663-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This modelling study investigates the complex growth kinetics of ultrafine particles in a flow tube reactor. When both surface- and volume-limited growth processes occur, the particle diameter growth rate changes as a function of time in the flow tube. We show that this growth can be represented by a parameter (growth factor, GF) which can be obtained experimentally from the outlet-minus-inlet particle diameter change without foreknowledge of the chemical growth processes involved.
Junteng Wu, Nicolas Brun, Juan Miguel González-Sánchez, Badr R'Mili, Brice Temime Roussel, Sylvain Ravier, Jean-Louis Clément, and Anne Monod
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3859–3874, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work quantified and tentatively identified the organic impurities on ammonium sulfate aerosols generated in the laboratory. They are likely low volatile and high mass molecules containing oxygen, nitrogen, and/or sulfur. Our results show that these organic impurities likely originate from the commercial AS crystals. It is recommended to use AS seeds with caution, especially when small particles are used, in terms of AS purity and water purity when aqueous solutions are used for atomization.
Mohammad R. Sadrian, Wendy M. Calvin, and John McCormack
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3053–3074, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3053-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3053-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral dust particles originate from surface soils, primarily in arid regions. They can stay suspended in the atmosphere, impacting Earth's radiation budget. Dust particles will have different perturbation effects depending on their composition. We obtained compositional information on dust collected in an urban setting using two different techniques. We recommended using the combination of measurements to determine the variability in dust mineral abundances.
Amir Yazdani, Nikunj Dudani, Satoshi Takahama, Amelie Bertrand, André S. H. Prévôt, Imad El Haddad, and Ann M. Dillner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2857–2874, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2857-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2857-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
While the aerosol mass spectrometer provides high-time-resolution characterization of the overall extent of oxidation, the extensive fragmentation of molecules and specificity of the technique have posed challenges toward deeper understanding of molecular structures in aerosols. This work demonstrates how functional group information can be extracted from a suite of commonly measured mass fragments using collocated infrared spectroscopy measurements.
Boris Vansevenant, Cédric Louis, Corinne Ferronato, Ludovic Fine, Patrick Tassel, Pascal Perret, Evangelia Kostenidou, Brice Temime-Roussel, Barbara D'Anna, Karine Sartelet, Véronique Cerezo, and Yao Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7627–7655, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7627-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7627-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new method was developed to correct wall losses of particles on Teflon walls using a new environmental chamber. It was applied to experiments with six diesel vehicles (Euro 3 to 6), tested on a chassis dynamometer. Emissions of particles and precursors were obtained under urban and motorway conditions. The chamber experiments help understand the role of physical processes in diesel particle evolutions in the dark. These results can be applied to situations such as tunnels or winter rush hours.
Chenyang Bi, Jordan E. Krechmer, Graham O. Frazier, Wen Xu, Andrew T. Lambe, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, John T. Jayne, Douglas R. Worsnop, Manjula R. Canagaratna, and Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6835–6850, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6835-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6835-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I-CIMS) has been widely used to analyze airborne organics. In this study, I-CIMS sensitivities of isomers within a formula are found to generally vary by 1 and up to 2 orders of magnitude. Comparisons between measured and predicted moles, obtained using a voltage-scanning calibration approach, show that predictions for individual compounds or formulas might carry high uncertainty, yet the summed moles of analytes agree reasonably well.
Dimitrios Bousiotis, Ajit Singh, Molly Haugen, David C. S. Beddows, Sebastián Diez, Killian L. Murphy, Pete M. Edwards, Adam Boies, Roy M. Harrison, and Francis D. Pope
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4139–4155, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4139-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4139-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measurement and source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants are crucial for the assessment of air quality and the implementation of policies for their improvement. This study highlights the current capability of low-cost sensors in source identification and differentiation using clustering approaches. Future directions towards particulate matter source apportionment using low-cost OPCs are highlighted.
Robert Wagner, Baptiste Testa, Michael Höpfner, Alexei Kiselev, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Jörn Ungermann, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1977–1991, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1977-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1977-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the Asian summer monsoon period, air pollutants are transported from layers near the ground to high altitudes of 13 to 18 km in the atmosphere. Infrared measurements have shown that particles composed of solid ammonium nitrate are a major part of these pollutants. To enable the quantitative analysis of the infrared spectra, we have determined for the first time accurate optical constants of ammonium nitrate for the low-temperature conditions of the upper atmosphere.
David H. Hagan and Jesse H. Kroll
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6343–6355, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6343-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6343-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing the error of low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors has been difficult as each empirical study presents unique limitations. Here, we present a new, open-sourced, physics-based model (opcsim) and use it to understand how the properties of different particle sensors alter their accuracy. We offer a summary of likely sources of error for different sensor types, environmental conditions, and particle classes and offer recommendations for the choice of optimal calibrant.
Sini Isokääntä, Eetu Kari, Angela Buchholz, Liqing Hao, Siegfried Schobesberger, Annele Virtanen, and Santtu Mikkonen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2995–3022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2995-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2995-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Online mass spectrometry produces large amounts of data. These data can be interpreted with statistical methods, enabling scientists to more easily understand the underlying processes. We compared these techniques on car exhaust measurements. We show differences and similarities between the methods and give recommendations on applicability of the methods on certain types of data. We show that applying multiple methods leads to more robust results, thus increasing reliability of the findings.
Linh Dan Ngo, Dumitru Duca, Yvain Carpentier, Jennifer A. Noble, Raouf Ikhenazene, Marin Vojkovic, Cornelia Irimiea, Ismael K. Ortega, Guillaume Lefevre, Jérôme Yon, Alessandro Faccinetto, Eric Therssen, Michael Ziskind, Bertrand Chazallon, Claire Pirim, and Cristian Focsa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 951–967, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-951-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-951-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The partitioning of noxious chemical compounds between the particulate and gas phases in combustion emissions is key to delineate their exact impacts on atmospheric chemistry and human health. We developed a two-filter sampling system, a multi-technique analytical approach, and advanced statistical methods to fully characterize the composition of both phases in combustion emissions. We could successfully discriminate samples from a standard soot generator by their volatile–non-volatile species.
Diep Vu, Shaokai Gao, Tyler Berte, Mary Kacarab, Qi Yao, Kambiz Vafai, and Akua Asa-Awuku
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4277–4289, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4277-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4277-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interactions contribute the greatest uncertainty to cloud formation. Aerosol composition is complex and can change quickly in the atmosphere. In this work, we recreate a transition in aerosol mixing state in the laboratory, which (to date) has only been observed in the ambient state. We then report the subsequent changes on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation.
Kara D. Lamb
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3885–3906, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3885-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3885-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent atmospheric observations have indicated emissions of iron-oxide-containing aerosols from anthropogenic sources could be 8x higher than previous estimates, leading models to underestimate their climate impact. Previous studies have shown the single particle soot photometer (SP2) can quantify the atmospheric abundance of these aerosols. Here, I explore a machine learning approach to improve SP2 detection, significantly reducing misclassifications of other aerosols as iron oxide aerosols.
Gang Zhao, Weilun Zhao, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3541–3550, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3541-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3541-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A new method is proposed to retrieve the size-resolved real part of the refractive index (RRI). The main principle of deriving the RRI is measuring the scattering intensity by a single-particle soot photometer of a size-selected aerosol. This method is validated by a series of calibration experiments using the components of the known RI. The retrieved size-resolved RRI covers a wide range, from 200 nm to 450 nm, with uncertainty of less than 0.02.
Matthew Fraund, Tim Park, Lin Yao, Daniel Bonanno, Don Q. Pham, and Ryan C. Moffet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1619–1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1619-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1619-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is a powerful tool which is able to determine the elemental and functional composition of aerosols on a subparticle level. The current work validates the use of STXM for quantitatively calculating the organic volume fraction of individual aerosols by applying the calculation to lab-prepared samples. The caveats and limitations for this calculation are shown as well.
Gabor Vali
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1219–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1219-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1219-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance of freezing nuclei in water samples is routinely determined by experiments involving the cooling of sample drops and observing the temperatures at which the drops freeze. This is used for characterizing the nucleating abilities of materials in laboratory preparations or to determine the numbers of nucleating particles in rain, snow, river water or other natural waters. The evaluation of drop-freezing experiments in terms of differential nucleus spectra is advocated in the paper.
Ningxin Wang, Spiro D. Jorga, Jeffery R. Pierce, Neil M. Donahue, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6577–6588, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6577-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6577-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The interaction of particles with the chamber walls has been a significant source of uncertainty when analyzing results of secondary organic aerosol formation experiments performed in Teflon chambers. We evaluated the performance of several particle wall-loss correction methods for aging experiments of α-pinene ozonolysis products. Experimental procedures are proposed for the characterization of particle losses during different stages of these experiments.
Maciej Leśkiewicz, Miron Kaliszewski, Maksymilian Włodarski, Jarosław Młyńczak, Zygmunt Mierczyk, and Krzysztof Kopczyński
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6259–6270, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6259-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6259-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we demonstrate the application of artificial neural networks to the real-time analysis of single-particle fluorescence fingerprints acquired using BARDet (a BioAeRosol Detector). 48 different aerosols including pollens, bacteria, fungi, spores and nonbiological substances were characterized. An entirely new approach to data analysis using a decision tree comprising 22 independent neural networks was discussed. A very high accuracy of aerosol classification in real time resulted.
Simon Ruske, David O. Topping, Virginia E. Foot, Andrew P. Morse, and Martin W. Gallagher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6203–6230, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6203-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Pollen, bacteria and fungal spores are common in the environment, can have very important implications for public health and may influence the weather. Biological sensors potentially could be used to monitor quantities of these types of particles. However, it is important to transform the measurements from these instruments into counts of these biological particles. The paper tests a variety of approaches for achieving this aim on data collected in a laboratory.
Costa D. Christopoulos, Sarvesh Garimella, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Ottmar Möhler, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5687–5699, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5687-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5687-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Compositional analysis of atmospheric and laboratory aerosols is often conducted with mass spectrometry. In this study, machine learning is used to automatically differentiate particles on the basis of chemistry and size. The ability of the machine learning algorithm was then tested on a data set for which the particles were not initially known to judge its ability.
Nicole J. Savage and J. Alex Huffman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4929–4942, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4929-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4929-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We show the systematic application of hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) to comprehensive bioaerosol and non-bioaerosol laboratory data collected with the wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS-4A). This study investigated various input conditions and used individual matchups and computational mixtures of particles; it will help improve clustering results applied to data from the ultraviolet laser and light-induced fluorescence instruments commonly used for bioaerosol research.
Jake Zenker, Kristen N. Collier, Guanglang Xu, Ping Yang, Ezra J. T. Levin, Kaitlyn J. Suski, Paul J. DeMott, and Sarah D. Brooks
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4639–4657, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4639-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4639-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a new method which employs single particle depolarization to determine ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations and to differentiate between ice crystals, water droplets, and aerosols. The method is used to interpret measurements collected using the Texas A&M Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (TAMU CFDC) coupled to a Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer with Polarization (CASPOL). This new method extends the range of operating conditions for the CFDC to higher supersaturations.
Matthew Osman, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Sarah B. Das, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4459–4477, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4459-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4459-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first-time attempt at using time-of-flight single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) as an emerging online technique for measuring insoluble particles in glacial snow and ice. Using samples from two Greenlandic ice cores, we show that SPMS can constrain the aerodynamic size, composition, and relative abundance of most particulate types on a per-particle basis, reducing the preparation time and resources required of conventional, filter-based particle retrieval methods.
Simon Ruske, David O. Topping, Virginia E. Foot, Paul H. Kaye, Warren R. Stanley, Ian Crawford, Andrew P. Morse, and Martin W. Gallagher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 695–708, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-695-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-695-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Particles such as bacteria, pollen and fungal spores have important implications within the environment and public health sectors. Here we evaluate the performance of various different methods for distinguishing between these different types of particles using a new instrument. We demonstrate that there may be better alternatives to the currently used methods which can be further investigated in future research.
Yan Lyu, Tingting Xu, Xiang Li, Tiantao Cheng, Xin Yang, Xiaomin Sun, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1025–1037, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1025-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1025-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the particle size distribution of PBDEs in the atmosphere of a megacity and evaluates the contribution of size-fractionated PBDEs' deposition in the human respiratory tract.
Matteo Reggente, Ann M. Dillner, and Satoshi Takahama
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 441–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-441-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-441-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon and elemental carbon are major components of atmospheric PM. Typically they are measured using destructive and relatively expensive methods (e.g., TOR). We aim to reduce the operating costs of large air quality monitoring networks using FT-IR spectra of ambient PTFE filters and PLS regression. We achieve accurate predictions for models (calibrated in 2011) that use samples collected at the same or different sites of the calibration data set and in a different year (2013).
S. S. Steimer, U. K. Krieger, Y.-F. Te, D. M. Lienhard, A. J. Huisman, B. P. Luo, M. Ammann, and T. Peter
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2397–2408, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2397-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2397-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosol is often subject to supersaturated or supercooled conditions where bulk measurements are not possible. Here we demonstrate how measurements using single particle electrodynamic levitation combined with light scattering spectroscopy allow the retrieval of thermodynamic data, optical properties and water diffusivity of such metastable particles even when auxiliary bulk data are not available due to lack of sufficient amounts of sample.
N. Utry, T. Ajtai, M. Pintér, E. Tombácz, E. Illés, Z. Bozóki, and G. Szabó
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 401–410, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-401-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-401-2015, 2015
A. Quérel, P. Lemaitre, M. Monier, E. Porcheron, A. I. Flossmann, and M. Hervo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1321–1330, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1321-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1321-2014, 2014
F. Freutel, F. Drewnick, J. Schneider, T. Klimach, and S. Borrmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3131–3145, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3131-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3131-2013, 2013
E. Fuentes and G. McFiggans
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 735–757, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-735-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-735-2012, 2012
C. D. Cappa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 579–592, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-579-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-579-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Allan, D. W.: Statistics of atomic frequency standards, P. IEEE, 54,
221–230, https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1966.4634, 1966.
Alvarado, M. J., Lonsdale, C. R., Macintyre, H. L., Bian, H., Chin, M., Ridley, D. A., Heald, C. L., Thornhill, K. L., Anderson, B. E., Cubison, M. J., Jimenez, J. L., Kondo, Y., Sahu, L. K., Dibb, J. E., and Wang, C.: Evaluating model parameterizations of submicron aerosol scattering and absorption with in situ data from ARCTAS 2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9435–9455, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9435-2016, 2016.
Anderson, T. L., Covert, D. S., Marshall, S. F., Laucks, M. L., Charlson, R.
J., Waggoner, A. P., Ogren, J. A., Caldow, R., Holm, R. L., Quant, F. R.,
Sem, G. J., Wiedensohler, A., Ahlquist, N. A., and Bates, T. S.: Performance
Characteristics of a High-Sensitivity, Three-Wavelength, Total
Scatter/Backscatter Nephelometer, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 13,
967–986, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1996)013<0967:PCOAHS>2.0.CO;2, 1996.
Andrews, E., Sheridan, P. J., and Ogren, J. A.: Seasonal differences in the vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties over rural Oklahoma, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10661–10676, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10661-2011, 2011.
Andrews, E., Sheridan, P. J., Ogren, J. A., Hageman, D., Jefferson, A.,
Wendell, J., Alástuey, A., Alados-Arboledas, L., Bergin, M., Ealo, M.,
Hallar, A. G., Hoffer, A., Kalapov, I., Keywood, M., Kim, J., Kim, S.-W.,
Kolonjari, F., Labuschagne, C., Lin, N.-H., Macdonald, A., Mayol-Bracero, O.
L., McCubbin, I. B., Pandolfi, M., Reisen, F., Sharma, S., Sherman, J. P.,
Sorribas, M., and Sun, J.: Overview of the NOAA/ESRL Federated Aerosol
Network, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 123–135,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0175.1, 2019.
Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., Sheridan, P. J., Ogren, J. A., Raspet,
R., Slaton, W. V., Hand, J. L., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Collett, J. L.:
Photoacoustic and filter-based ambient aerosol light absorption
measurements: Instrument comparisons and the role of relative humidity, J.
Geophys. Res., 108, 4034, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002165, 2003.
Arnott, W. P., Hamasha, K., Moosmüller, H., Sheridan, P. J., and Ogren,
J. A.: Towards Aerosol Light-Absorption Measurements with a 7-Wavelength
Aethalometer: Evaluation with a Photoacoustic Instrument and 3-Wavelength
Nephelometer, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 17–29,
https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290901972, 2005.
Ayers, G. P.: Comment on regression analysis of air quality data, Atmos.
Environ., 35, 2423–2425, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00527-6, 2001.
Backman, J., Virkkula, A., Vakkari, V., Beukes, J. P., Van Zyl, P. G., Josipovic, M., Piketh, S., Tiitta, P., Chiloane, K., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., and Laakso, L.: Differences in aerosol absorption Ångström exponents between correction algorithms for a particle soot absorption photometer measured on the South African Highveld, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4285–4298, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4285-2014, 2014.
Bergstrom, R. W., Pilewskie, P., Russell, P. B., Redemann, J., Bond, T. C., Quinn, P. K., and Sierau, B.: Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5937–5943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5937-2007, 2007.
Bond, T. C. and Bergstrom, R. W.: Light absorption by carbonaceous
particles: An investigative review, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40, 27–67,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500421521, 2006.
Bond, T. C., Anderson, T. L., and Campbell, D.: Calibration and
Intercomparison of Filter-Based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by
Aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 30, 582–600,
https://doi.org/10.1080/027868299304435, 1999.
Boucher, O.: Atmospheric Aerosols, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2015.
Cappa, C. D., Lack, D. A., Burkholder, J. B., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Bias
in Filter-Based Aerosol Light Absorption Measurements Due to Organic Aerosol
Loading: Evidence from Laboratory Measurements, Aerosol Sci. Tech.,
42, 1022–1032, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802389285, 2008.
Cappa, C. D., Kolesar, K. R., Zhang, X., Atkinson, D. B., Pekour, M. S., Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A., and Zhang, Q.: Understanding the optical properties of ambient sub- and supermicron particulate matter: results from the CARES 2010 field study in northern California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6511–6535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6511-2016, 2016.
Chen, S., Russell, L. M., Cappa, C. D., Zhang, X., Kleeman, M. J., Kumar,
A., Liu, D., and Ramanathan, V.: Comparing black and brown carbon absorption
from AERONET and surface measurements at wintertime Fresno, Atmos. Environ.,
199, 164–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.032, 2019.
Collaud Coen, M., Weingartner, E., Apituley, A., Ceburnis, D., Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Flentje, H., Henzing, J. S., Jennings, S. G., Moerman, M., Petzold, A., Schmid, O., and Baltensperger, U.: Minimizing light absorption measurement artifacts of the Aethalometer: evaluation of five correction algorithms, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 457–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-457-2010, 2010.
Davies, N. W., Fox, C., Szpek, K., Cotterell, M. I., Taylor, J. W., Allan, J. D., Williams, P. I., Trembath, J., Haywood, J. M., and Langridge, J. M.: Evaluating biases in filter-based aerosol absorption measurements using photoacoustic spectroscopy, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3417–3434, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3417-2019, 2019.
Drinovec, L., Gregorič, A., Zotter, P., Wolf, R., Bruns, E. A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Petit, J.-E., Favez, O., Sciare, J., Arnold, I. J., Chakrabarty, R. K., Moosmüller, H., Filep, A., and Močnik, G.: The filter-loading effect by ambient aerosols in filter absorption photometers depends on the coating of the sampled particles, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1043–1059, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1043-2017, 2017.
Fischer, D. A. and Smith, G. D.: A portable, four-wavelength, single-cell
photoacoustic spectrometer for ambient aerosol absorption, Aerosol Sci.
Tech., 52, 393–406, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1413231, 2018.
Horvath, H.: Atmospheric light absorption – A review, Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 27, 293–317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90104-7, 1993.
Jiang, Y., Yang, J., Gagné, S., Chan, T. W., Thomson, K., Fofie, E.,
Cary, R. A., Rutherford, D., Comer, B., Swanson, J., Lin, Y., Van Rooy, P.,
Asa-Awuku, A., Jung, H., Barsanti, K., Karavalakis, G., Cocker, D., Durbin,
T. D., Miller, J. W., and Johnson, K. C.: Sources of variance in BC mass
measurements from a small marine engine: Influence of the instruments, fuels
and loads, Atmos. Environ., 182, 128–137,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.03.008, 2018.
Kirchstetter, T. W. and Novakov, T.: Controlled generation of black carbon
particles from a diffusion flame and applications in evaluating black carbon
measurement methods, Atmos. Environ., 41, 1874–1888,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.067, 2007.
Koss, A. R., Sekimoto, K., Gilman, J. B., Selimovic, V., Coggon, M. M., Zarzana, K. J., Yuan, B., Lerner, B. M., Brown, S. S., Jimenez, J. L., Krechmer, J., Roberts, J. M., Warneke, C., Yokelson, R. J., and de Gouw, J.: Non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning: identification, quantification, and emission factors from PTR-ToF during the FIREX 2016 laboratory experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3299–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3299-2018, 2018.
Lack, D. A., Lovejoy, E. R., Baynard, T., Pettersson, A., and Ravishankara,
A. R.: Aerosol Absorption Measurement using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy:
Sensitivity, Calibration, and Uncertainty Developments, Aerosol Sci.
Tech., 40, 697–708, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820600803917, 2006.
Lack, D. A., Cappa, C. D., Covert, D. S., Baynard, T., Massoli, P., Sierau,
B., Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Lovejoy, E. R., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Bias
in Filter-Based Aerosol Light Absorption Measurements Due to Organic Aerosol
Loading: Evidence from Ambient Measurements, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 42,
1033–1041, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802389277, 2008a.
Lack, D. A., Lerner, B., Granier, C., Baynard, T., Lovejoy, E., Massoli, P.,
Ravishankara, A. R., and Williams, E.: Light absorbing carbon emissions from
commercial shipping, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13815,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033906, 2008b.
Lack, D. A., Moosmüller, H., McMeeking, G. R., Chakrabarty, R. K., and
Baumgardner, D.: Characterizing elemental, equivalent black, and refractory
black carbon aerosol particles: A review of techniques, their limitations
and uncertainties, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 406, 99–122,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7402-3, 2014.
Laing, J. R., Jaffe, D. A., and Hee, J. R.: Physical and optical properties of aged biomass burning aerosol from wildfires in Siberia and the Western USA at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15185–15197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15185-2016, 2016.
Levenberg, K.: A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in
least squares, Q. Appl. Math., 2, 164–168, 1944.
Lewis, K., Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., and Wold, C. E.: Strong
spectral variation of biomass smoke light absorption and single scattering
albedo observed with a novel dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009699, 2008.
Li, H., Lamb, K. D., Schwarz, J. P., Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R. J.,
McMeeking, G. R., and May, A. A.: Inter-comparison of black carbon
measurement methods for simulated open biomass burning emissions, Atmos.
Environ., 206, 156–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.03.010, 2019.
Li, H., McMeeking G., and May A.: A New Correction Algorithm Applicable to any Filter-Based Absorption Photometers (Version 1.1), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3742342, 2020.
Lim, S., Lee, M., Kim, S.-W., and Laj, P.: Sulfate alters aerosol absorption
properties in East Asian outflow, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 5172,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23021-1, 2018.
Liu, S., Aiken, A. C., Arata, C., Dubey, M. K., Stockwell, C. E., Yokelson,
R. J., Stone, E. A., Jayarathne, T., Robinson, A. L., DeMott, P. J., and
Kreidenweis, S. M.: Aerosol single scattering albedo dependence on biomass
combustion efficiency: Laboratory and field studies, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
41, 742–748, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058392, 2014.
McMeeking, G. R., Fortner, E., Onasch, T. B., Taylor, J. W., Flynn, M., Coe,
H., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Impacts of nonrefractory material on light
absorption by aerosols emitted from biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 12272–12286, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021750, 2014.
Moosmüller, H., Chakrabarty, R. K., and Arnott, W. P.: Aerosol light
absorption and its measurement: A review, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 110, 844–878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.035, 2009.
Moteki, N., Kondo, Y., and Nakamura, S.: Method to measure refractive indices
of small nonspherical particles: Application to black carbon particles, J.
Aerosol Sci., 41, 513–521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.02.013, 2010.
Müller, T., Henzing, J. S., de Leeuw, G., Wiedensohler, A., Alastuey, A., Angelov, H., Bizjak, M., Collaud Coen, M., Engström, J. E., Gruening, C., Hillamo, R., Hoffer, A., Imre, K., Ivanow, P., Jennings, G., Sun, J. Y., Kalivitis, N., Karlsson, H., Komppula, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Lunder, C., Marinoni, A., Martins dos Santos, S., Moerman, M., Nowak, A., Ogren, J. A., Petzold, A., Pichon, J. M., Rodriquez, S., Sharma, S., Sheridan, P. J., Teinilä, K., Tuch, T., Viana, M., Virkkula, A., Weingartner, E., Wilhelm, R., and Wang, Y. Q.: Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: result of two intercomparison workshops, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 245–268, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-245-2011, 2011a.
Müller, T., Laborde, M., Kassell, G., and Wiedensohler, A.: Design and performance of a three-wavelength LED-based total scatter and backscatter integrating nephelometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1291–1303, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-1291-2011, 2011b.
Müller, T., Virkkula, A., and Ogren, J. A.: Constrained two-stream algorithm for calculating aerosol light absorption coefficient from the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4049–4070, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4049-2014, 2014.
Nakayama, T., Kondo, Y., Moteki, N., Sahu, L. K., Kinase, T., Kita, K., and
Matsumi, Y.: Size-dependent correction factors for absorption measurements
using filter-based photometers: PSAP and COSMOS, J. Aerosol Sci., 41,
333–343, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.01.004, 2010.
Nakayama, T., Suzuki, H., Kagamitani, S., Ikeda, Y., Uchiyama, A., and
Matsumi, Y.: Characterization of a Three Wavelength Photoacoustic Soot
Spectrometer (PASS-3) and a Photoacoustic Extinctiometer (PAX), J. Meteorol.
Soc. Jpn., 93, 285–308, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2015-016, 2015.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Chemical Sciences Division): Fire Lab 2016, available at:
https://esrl.noaa.gov/csl/projects/firex/firelab/, last access: 26 May 2020.
Ogren, J. A.: Comment on “ Calibration and Intercomparison of Filter-Based
Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosols”, Aerosol Sci.
Tech., 44, 589–591, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2010.482111, 2010.
Ogren, J. A., Wendell, J., Andrews, E., and Sheridan, P. J.: Continuous light absorption photometer for long-term studies, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4805–4818, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4805-2017, 2017.
Olson, M. R., Victoria Garcia, M., Robinson, M. A., Van Rooy, P.,
Dietenberger, M. A., Bergin, M., and Schauer, J. J.: Investigation of black
and brown carbon multiple-wavelength-dependent light absorption from biomass
and fossil fuel combustion source emissions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
120, 6682–6697, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022970, 2015.
Ogren, J. A., Wendell, J., Andrews, E., and Sheridan, P. J.: Continuous light absorption photometer for long-term studies, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4805–4818, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4805-2017, 2017.
Rajesh, T. A. and Ramachandran, S.: Black carbon aerosol mass concentration,
absorption and single scattering albedo from single and dual spot
aethalometers: Radiative implications, J. Aerosol Sci., 119,
77–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.02.001, 2018.
Schmeisser, L., Andrews, E., Ogren, J. A., Sheridan, P., Jefferson, A., Sharma, S., Kim, J. E., Sherman, J. P., Sorribas, M., Kalapov, I., Arsov, T., Angelov, C., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Labuschagne, C., Kim, S.-W., Hoffer, A., Lin, N.-H., Chia, H.-P., Bergin, M., Sun, J., Liu, P., and Wu, H.: Classifying aerosol type using in situ surface spectral aerosol optical properties, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12097–12120, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12097-2017, 2017.
Schmid, O., Artaxo, P., Arnott, W. P., Chand, D., Gatti, L. V., Frank, G. P., Hoffer, A., Schnaiter, M., and Andreae, M. O.: Spectral light absorption by ambient aerosols influenced by biomass burning in the Amazon Basin. I: Comparison and field calibration of absorption measurement techniques, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3443–3462, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3443-2006, 2006.
Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., Fahey, D. W., Gao, R. S., Lohmann, U.,
Stier, P., Watts, L. A., Thomson, D. S., Lack, D. A., Pfister, L., Mahoney,
M. J., Baumgardner, D., Wilson, J. C., and Reeves, J. M.: Coatings and their
enhancement of black carbon light absorption in the tropical atmosphere, J.
Geophys. Res., 113, D03203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009042, 2008.
Sedlacek, A. J.: DOE/SC-ARM-TR-156 Aethalometer™ Instrument Handbook,
DOE Office of Science Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program,
https://doi.org/10.2172/1251391, 2016.
Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R. J., Warneke, C., Roberts, J. M., de Gouw, J., Reardon, J., and Griffith, D. W. T.: Aerosol optical properties and trace gas emissions by PAX and OP-FTIR for laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during FIREX, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2929–2948, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2929-2018, 2018.
Sheridan, P. J., Arnott, W. P., Ogren, J. A., Andrews, E., Atkinson, D. B.,
Covert, D. S., Moosmüller, H., Petzold, A., Schmid, B., Strawa, A. W.,
Varma, R., and Virkkula, A.: The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An Evaluation of
Aerosol Absorption Measurement Methods, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290901891, 2005.
Sherman, J. P., Sheridan, P. J., Ogren, J. A., Andrews, E., Hageman, D., Schmeisser, L., Jefferson, A., and Sharma, S.: A multi-year study of lower tropospheric aerosol variability and systematic relationships from four North American regions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12487–12517, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12487-2015, 2015.
Springston, S. R.: DOE/SC-ARM-TR-176 Radiance Research Particle
Soot/Absorption Photometer Instrument Handbook, DOE Office of Science
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (United States), 2016.
Subramanian, R., Roden, C. A., Boparai, P., and Bond, T. C.: Yellow Beads and
Missing Particles: Trouble Ahead for Filter-Based Absorption Measurements,
Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 630–637, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701344589, 2007.
US Department of Energy (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement):
ARM Data Discovery, available at:
https://www.archive.arm.gov/discovery/, last access: 26 May 2020.
Vignati, E., Karl, M., Krol, M., Wilson, J., Stier, P., and Cavalli, F.: Sources of uncertainties in modelling black carbon at the global scale, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2595–2611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2595-2010, 2010.
Virkkula, A.: Correction of the Calibration of the 3-wavelength Particle
Soot Absorption Photometer (3λ PSAP), Aerosol Sci. Tech., 44,
706–712, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2010.482110, 2010.
Virkkula, A., Ahlquist, N. C., Covert, D. S., Arnott, W. P., Sheridan, P.
J., Quinn, P. K., and Coffman, D. J.: Modification, calibration and a field
test of an instrument for measuring light absorption by particles, Aerosol
Sci. Tech., 39, 68–83, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290901963, 2005.
Virkkula, A., Mäkelä, T., Hillamo, R., Yli-Tuomi, T., Hirsikko, A.,
Hämeri, K., and Koponen, I. K.: A simple procedure for correcting loading
effects of aethalometer data, J. Air Waste Manage., 57,
1214–1222, https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.10.1214, 2007.
Virkkula, A., Chi, X., Ding, A., Shen, Y., Nie, W., Qi, X., Zheng, L., Huang, X., Xie, Y., Wang, J., Petäjä, T., and Kulmala, M.: On the interpretation of the loading correction of the aethalometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4415–4427, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4415-2015, 2015.
Wang, X., Heald, C. L., Sedlacek, A. J., de Sá, S. S., Martin, S. T., Alexander, M. L., Watson, T. B., Aiken, A. C., Springston, S. R., and Artaxo, P.: Deriving brown carbon from multiwavelength absorption measurements: method and application to AERONET and Aethalometer observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12733–12752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12733-2016, 2016.
Weingartner, E., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Streit, N., Bitnar, B., and
Baltensperger, U.: Absorption of light by soot particles: Determination of
the absorption coefficient by means of aethalometers, J. Aerosol Sci.,
34, 1445–1463, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00359-8, 2003.
Short summary
We present a new correction algorithm that addresses biases in measurements of aerosol light absorption by filter-based photometers, incorporating the transmission of light through the filter and some aerosol optical properties. It was developed using biomass burning aerosols and tested using rural ambient aerosols. This new algorithm is applicable to any filter-based photometer, resulting in good agreement between different colocated instruments in both the laboratory and the field.
We present a new correction algorithm that addresses biases in measurements of aerosol light...
