Articles | Volume 14, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1783-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1783-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
04 Mar 2021
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 04 Mar 2021
| 04 Mar 2021
Comparison of ozone measurement methods in biomass burning smoke: an evaluation under field and laboratory conditions
Russell W. Long
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research
and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
Andrew Whitehill
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research
and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
Andrew Habel
Jacobs Technology Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United
States of America
Shawn Urbanski
U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana,
United States of America
Hannah Halliday
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research
and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
Maribel Colón
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research
and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
Surender Kaushik
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research
and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
Matthew S. Landis
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research
and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
Related authors
Jianfeng Li, Yuhang Wang, Ruixiong Zhang, Charles Smeltzer, Andrew Weinheimer, Jay Herman, K. Folkert Boersma, Edward A. Celarier, Russell W. Long, James J. Szykman, Ruben Delgado, Anne M. Thompson, Travis N. Knepp, Lok N. Lamsal, Scott J. Janz, Matthew G. Kowalewski, Xiong Liu, and Caroline R. Nowlan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11133–11160, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive evaluations of simulated diurnal cycles of NO2 and NOy concentrations, vertical profiles, and tropospheric vertical column densities at two different resolutions with various measurements during the DISCOVER-AQ 2011 campaign show potential distribution biases of NOx emissions in the National Emissions Inventory 2011 at both 36 and 4 km resolutions, providing another possible explanation for the overestimation of model results.
Daun Jeong, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Alan J. Hills, Glenn Diskin, Hannah S. Halliday, Joshua P. DiGangi, Alan Fried, Dirk Richter, James Walega, Petter Weibring, Thomas F. Hanisco, Glenn M. Wolfe, Jason St. Clair, Jeff Peischl, Armin Wisthaler, Tomas Mikoviny, John B. Nowak, Felix Piel, Laura Tomsche, Christopher D. Holmes, Amber Soja, Emily Gargulinski, James H. Crawford, Jack Dibb, Carsten Warneke, Joshua Schwarz, and Eric C. Apel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4703, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4703, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde is an important atmospheric species that is present at all times throughout the troposphere. Accurately measuring formaldehyde is necessary for understanding key atmospheric chemical cycles. We describe here the first wide-scale demonstration of the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric (GC/MS) technique (NSF NCAR TOGA-TOF) for quantifying formaldehyde in the atmosphere and we show this technique to be highly sensitive and selective.
Prajjwal Rawat, James H. Crawford, Katherine R. Travis, Laura M. Judd, Mary Angelique G. Demetillo, Lukas C. Valin, James J. Szykman, Andrew Whitehill, Eric Baumann, and Thomas F. Hanisco
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2899–2917, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2899-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2899-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Pandonia Global Network (PGN) consists of Pandora spectrometers that observe trace gases at a high time resolution to validate satellite observations and understand local air quality. To aid users, PGN assigns quality flags that assure scientifically valid data but eliminate large amounts of data appropriate for scientific applications. A new method based on contemporaneous data in two independent observation modes is proven using complementary ground-based and airborne observations.
Christopher D. Holmes, Joshua P. Schwarz, Charles H. Fite, Anxhelo Agastra, Holly K. Nowell, Katherine Ball, T. Paul Bui, Johnathan Dean-Day, Zachary C. J. Decker, Joshua P. DiGagni, Glenn S. Diskin, Emily M. Gargulinski, Hannah Halliday, Shobha Kondragunta, John B. Nowak, David A. Peterson, Michael A. Robinson, Amber J. Soja, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Chuanyu Xu, and Robert J. Yokelson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-307, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-307, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Smoke age is an important factor in the chemical and physical evolution of smoke. Two methods for determining the age of smoke are applied to the NASA-NOAA FIREX-AQ field campaign: one based on wind speed and distance, and another using an ensemble of modeled air parcel trajectories. Both methods are evaluated, with the trajectory method, which includes plume rise and uncertainty estimates, proving more accurate.
T. Nash Skipper, Emma L. D'Ambro, Forwood C. Wiser, V. Faye McNeill, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Barron H. Henderson, Ivan R. Piletic, Colleen B. Baublitz, Jesse O. Bash, Andrew R. Whitehill, Lukas C. Valin, Asher P. Mouat, Jennifer Kaiser, Glenn M. Wolfe, Jason M. St. Clair, Thomas F. Hanisco, Alan Fried, Bryan K. Place, and Havala O.T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12903–12924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We develop the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMM) version 2 to improve predictions of formaldehyde in ambient air compared to satellite-, aircraft-, and ground-based observations. With the updated chemistry, we estimate the cancer risk from inhalation exposure to ambient formaldehyde across the contiguous USA and predict that 40 % of this risk is controllable through reductions in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides and reactive organic carbon.
Andrew R. Whitehill, Melissa Lunden, Brian LaFranchi, Surender Kaushik, and Paul A. Solomon
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2991–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2991-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2991-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis from two large-scale mobile air quality monitoring campaigns in Colorado and California. We compare mobile measurements of air quality to measurements from nearby regulatory sites. The goal of this paper is to explore how fixed-site measurements (such as regulatory site measurements) can be used for ongoing instrument performance assessment of mobile monitoring platforms over extended measurement campaigns.
Heather Simon, Christian Hogrefe, Andrew Whitehill, Kristen M. Foley, Jennifer Liljegren, Norm Possiel, Benjamin Wells, Barron H. Henderson, Lukas C. Valin, Gail Tonnesen, K. Wyat Appel, and Shannon Koplitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1855–1871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1855-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1855-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess observed and modeled ozone weekend–weekday differences in the USA from 2002–2019. A subset of urban areas that were NOx-saturated at the beginning of the period transitioned to NOx-limited conditions. Multiple rural areas of California were NOx-limited for the entire period but become less influenced by local day-of-week emission patterns in more recent years. The model produces more NOx-saturated conditions than the observations but captures trends in weekend–weekday ozone patterns.
Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Hannah Allen, Eric C. Apel, Megan M. Bela, Donald R. Blake, Ilann Bourgeois, Steven S. Brown, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jason M. St. Clair, James H. Crawford, John D. Crounse, Douglas A. Day, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Alan Fried, Jessica B. Gilman, Hongyu Guo, Johnathan W. Hair, Hannah S. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem Hannun, Alan Hills, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Joseph M. Katich, Aaron Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jin Liao, Jakob Lindaas, Stuart A. McKeen, Tomas Mikoviny, Benjamin A. Nault, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Demetrios Pagonis, Jeff Peischl, Anne E. Perring, Felix Piel, Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins, Thomas B. Ryerson, Melinda K. Schueneman, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Joshua P. Schwarz, Kanako Sekimoto, Vanessa Selimovic, Taylor Shingler, David J. Tanner, Laura Tomsche, Krystal T. Vasquez, Patrick R. Veres, Rebecca Washenfelder, Petter Weibring, Paul O. Wennberg, Armin Wisthaler, Glenn M. Wolfe, Caroline C. Womack, Lu Xu, Katherine Ball, Robert J. Yokelson, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 929–956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports emissions of gases and particles from wildfires. These emissions are related to chemical proxies that can be measured by satellite and incorporated into models to improve predictions of wildfire impacts on air quality and climate.
Laura Tomsche, Felix Piel, Tomas Mikoviny, Claus J. Nielsen, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Melinda K. Schueneman, Jose L. Jimenez, Hannah Halliday, Glenn Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, John B. Nowak, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Emily Gargulinski, Amber J. Soja, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2331–2343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere and fires are among the poorly investigated sources. During the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) aircraft campaign, we measured gaseous NH3 and particulate ammonium (NH4+) in smoke plumes emitted from 6 wildfires in the Western US and 66 small agricultural fires in the Southeastern US. We herein present a comprehensive set of emission factors of NH3 and NHx, where NHx = NH3 + NH4+.
Pamela S. Rickly, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Glenn M. Wolfe, Ryan Bennett, Ilann Bourgeois, John D. Crounse, Jack E. Dibb, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Maximilian Dollner, Emily M. Gargulinski, Samuel R. Hall, Hannah S. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem A. Hannun, Jin Liao, Richard Moore, Benjamin A. Nault, John B. Nowak, Jeff Peischl, Claire E. Robinson, Thomas Ryerson, Kevin J. Sanchez, Manuel Schöberl, Amber J. Soja, Jason M. St. Clair, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Kirk Ullmann, Paul O. Wennberg, Bernadett Weinzierl, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, and Andrew W. Rollins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15603–15620, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission factors range from 0.27–1.1 g kg-1 C. Biomass burning SO2 can quickly form sulfate and organosulfur, but these pathways are dependent on liquid water content and pH. Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) appears to be directly emitted from some fire sources but is not the sole contributor to the organosulfur signal. It is shown that HMS and organosulfur chemistry may be an important S(IV) reservoir with the fate dependent on the surrounding conditions.
Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, J. Andrew Neuman, Steven S. Brown, Hannah M. Allen, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Matthew M. Coggon, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Jessica B. Gilman, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Hongyu Guo, Hannah A. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Christopher D. Holmes, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Aaron D. Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jakob Lindaas, Richard H. Moore, Benjamin A. Nault, John B. Nowak, Demetrios Pagonis, Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins, Vanessa Selimovic, Jason M. St. Clair, David Tanner, Krystal T. Vasquez, Patrick R. Veres, Carsten Warneke, Paul O. Wennberg, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Caroline C. Womack, Lu Xu, Kyle J. Zarzana, and Thomas B. Ryerson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4901–4930, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding fire emission impacts on the atmosphere is key to effective air quality management and requires accurate measurements. We present a comparison of airborne measurements of key atmospheric species in ambient air and in fire smoke. We show that most instruments performed within instrument uncertainties. In some cases, further work is needed to fully characterize instrument performance. Comparing independent measurements using different techniques is important to assess their accuracy.
Jin Liao, Glenn M. Wolfe, Reem A. Hannun, Jason M. St. Clair, Thomas F. Hanisco, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Vanessa Selimovic, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Hannah S. Halliday, Joshua P. DiGangi, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Christopher D. Holmes, Charles H. Fite, Anxhelo Agastra, Thomas B. Ryerson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Carsten Warneke, Matthew M. Coggon, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Kanako Sekimoto, Alan Fried, Dirk Richter, Petter Weibring, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Steven S. Brown, Caroline C. Womack, Michael A. Robinson, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Patrick R. Veres, and J. Andrew Neuman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18319–18331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important oxidant precursor and affects the formation of O3 and other secondary pollutants in wildfire plumes. We disentangle the processes controlling HCHO evolution from wildfire plumes sampled by NASA DC-8 during FIREX-AQ. We find that OH abundance rather than normalized OH reactivity is the main driver of fire-to-fire variability in HCHO secondary production and estimate an effective HCHO yield per volatile organic compound molecule oxidized in wildfire plumes.
Zachary C. J. Decker, Michael A. Robinson, Kelley C. Barsanti, Ilann Bourgeois, Matthew M. Coggon, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Frank M. Flocke, Alessandro Franchin, Carley D. Fredrickson, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Samuel R. Hall, Hannah Halliday, Christopher D. Holmes, L. Gregory Huey, Young Ro Lee, Jakob Lindaas, Ann M. Middlebrook, Denise D. Montzka, Richard Moore, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Brett B. Palm, Jeff Peischl, Felix Piel, Pamela S. Rickly, Andrew W. Rollins, Thomas B. Ryerson, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Kanako Sekimoto, Lee Thornhill, Joel A. Thornton, Geoffrey S. Tyndall, Kirk Ullmann, Paul Van Rooy, Patrick R. Veres, Carsten Warneke, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Elizabeth Wiggins, Edward Winstead, Armin Wisthaler, Caroline Womack, and Steven S. Brown
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16293–16317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16293-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16293-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand air quality impacts from wildfires, we need an accurate picture of how wildfire smoke changes chemically both day and night as sunlight changes the chemistry of smoke. We present a chemical analysis of wildfire smoke as it changes from midday through the night. We use aircraft observations from the FIREX-AQ field campaign with a chemical box model. We find that even under sunlight typical
nighttimechemistry thrives and controls the fate of key smoke plume chemical processes.
Jianfeng Li, Yuhang Wang, Ruixiong Zhang, Charles Smeltzer, Andrew Weinheimer, Jay Herman, K. Folkert Boersma, Edward A. Celarier, Russell W. Long, James J. Szykman, Ruben Delgado, Anne M. Thompson, Travis N. Knepp, Lok N. Lamsal, Scott J. Janz, Matthew G. Kowalewski, Xiong Liu, and Caroline R. Nowlan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11133–11160, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive evaluations of simulated diurnal cycles of NO2 and NOy concentrations, vertical profiles, and tropospheric vertical column densities at two different resolutions with various measurements during the DISCOVER-AQ 2011 campaign show potential distribution biases of NOx emissions in the National Emissions Inventory 2011 at both 36 and 4 km resolutions, providing another possible explanation for the overestimation of model results.
Wei Min Hao, Matthew C. Reeves, L. Scott Baggett, Yves Balkanski, Philippe Ciais, Bryce L. Nordgren, Alexander Petkov, Rachel E. Corley, Florent Mouillot, Shawn P. Urbanski, and Chao Yue
Biogeosciences, 18, 2559–2572, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2559-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2559-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the trends in the spatial and temporal distribution of the area burned in northern Eurasia from 2002 to 2016. The annual area burned in this region declined by 53 % during the 15-year period under analysis. Grassland fires in Kazakhstan dominated the fire activity, comprising 47 % of the area burned but accounting for 84 % of the decline. A wetter climate and the increase in grazing livestock in Kazakhstan are the major factors contributing to the decline in the area burned.
Demetrios Pagonis, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hongyu Guo, Douglas A. Day, Melinda K. Schueneman, Wyatt L. Brown, Benjamin A. Nault, Harald Stark, Kyla Siemens, Alex Laskin, Felix Piel, Laura Tomsche, Armin Wisthaler, Matthew M. Coggon, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Hannah S. Halliday, Jordan E. Krechmer, Richard H. Moore, David S. Thomson, Carsten Warneke, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1545–1559, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1545-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1545-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the airborne deployment of an extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-MS). The instrument provides a quantitative 1 Hz measurement of the chemical composition of organic aerosol up to altitudes of
7 km, with single-compound detection limits as low as 50 ng per standard cubic meter.
Elena Spinei, Martin Tiefengraber, Moritz Müller, Manuel Gebetsberger, Alexander Cede, Luke Valin, James Szykman, Andrew Whitehill, Alexander Kotsakis, Fernando Santos, Nader Abbuhasan, Xiaoyi Zhao, Vitali Fioletov, Sum Chi Lee, and Robert Swap
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 647–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-647-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-647-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Plastics are widely used in everyday life and scientific equipment. This paper presents Delrin plastic off-gassing as a function of temperature on the atmospheric measurements of formaldehyde by Pandora spectroscopic instruments. The sealed telescope assembly containing Delrin components emitted large amounts of formaldehyde at 30–45 °C, interfering with the Pandora measurements. These results have a broader implication since electronic products often experience the same temperature.
Petter Weibring, Dirk Richter, James G. Walega, Alan Fried, Joshua DiGangi, Hannah Halliday, Yonghoon Choi, Bianca Baier, Colm Sweeney, Ben Miller, Kenneth J. Davis, Zachary Barkley, and Michael D. Obland
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6095–6112, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6095-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6095-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The present study describes an autonomously operated instrument for high-precision (20–40 parts per trillion in 1 s) measurements of ethane during actual airborne operations on a small aircraft platform (NASA's King Air B200). This paper discusses the dynamic nature of airborne performance due to various aircraft-induced perturbations, methods devised to identify such events, and solutions we have enacted to circumvent these perturbations.
Cited articles
Akagi, S. K., Craven, J. S., Taylor, J. W., McMeeking, G. R., Yokelson, R. J., Burling, I. R., Urbanski, S. P., Wold, C. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Coe, H., Alvarado, M. J., and Weise, D. R.: Evolution of trace gases and particles emitted by a chaparral fire in California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1397–1421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1397-2012, 2012.
Baker, B. B.: Measuring trace impurities in air by infrared spectroscopy at
20 meters path and 10 atmospheres pressure, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 35, 735–740, 1974.
Baylon, P., Jaffe, D. A., Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., Alvarado, M. J., and
Lefer, B. L.: Impact of Biomass Burning Plumes on Photolysis Rates and Ozone
Formation at the Mount Bachelor Observatory, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 2272–2284, 2018.
Bertschi, I., Yokelson, R. J., Ward, D. E., Babbitt, R. E., Susott, R.A.,
Goode, J. G., and Hao, W. M.: Trace gas and particle emissions from fires in large
diameter and belowground biomass fuels, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8472, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002100, 2003.
Boylan, P., Helmig, D., and Park, J.-H.: Characterization and mitigation of water vapor effects in the measurement of ozone by chemiluminescence with nitric oxide, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1231–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1231-2014, 2014.
Burns, W. F., Tingey, D. T., Evans, R. C., and Bates, E. H.: Problems with a
Nafion® membrane dryer for drying chromatographic samples, J. Chromatogr. A,
269, 1–9, 1983.
Buysse, C. E., Kaulfus, A., Nair, U., and Jaffe, D. A.: Relationships
Between Particulate Matter, Ozone, and Nitrogen Oxides During Urban Smoke
Events in the Western US, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 12519–12528, 2019.
Bytnerowicz, A., Cayan, D., Riggan, P., Schilling, S., Dawson, P., Tyree,
M., Wolden, L., Tissell, R., and Preisler, H.: Analysis of the Effects of
Combustion Emissions and Santa Ana Winds on Ambient Ozone During the October
2007 Southern California Wildfires, Atmos. Environ., 44, 678–687, 2010.
Bytnerowicz, A., Burley, J. D., Cisneros, R., Preisler, H. K., Schilling, S.,
Schweizer, D., Ray, J., Dulen, D., Beck, C., and Auble, B.: Surface Ozone at the
Devils Postpile National Monument Receptor Site during Low and High Wildland
Fire Years, Atmos. Environ., 65, 129–141, 2013.
Christian, T. J., Kleiss, B., Yokelson, R. J., Holzinger, R., Crutzen, P.
J., Hao, W. M., Saharjo, B. H., and Ward, D. E.: Comprehensive laboratory
measurements of biomass-burning emissions: 2. First intercomparison of
open-path FTIR, PTR-MS, and GC- MS/FID/ECD, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 109, D02313, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003874, 2004.
DeBell, L. J., Talbot, R. W., Dibb, J. E., Munger, J. W., Fischer, E. V.,
and Frolking, S. E.: A Major Regional Air Pollution Event in the
Northeastern United States Caused by Extensive Forest Fires in Quebec,
Canada, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D19305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004840, 2004.
Dunlea, E. J., Herndon, S. C., Nelson, D. D., Volkamer, R. M., Lamb, B. K., Allwine, E. J., Grutter, M., Ramos Villegas, C. R., Marquez, C., Blanco, S., Cardenas, B., Kolb, C. E., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Technical note: Evaluation of standard ultraviolet absorption ozone monitors in a polluted urban environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3163–3180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3163-2006, 2006.
El Dib, G., Chakir, A., and Mellouki, A.: UV absorption cross-sections of a
series of dimethylbenzaldehydes, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 8731–8736, 2008.
Etzkorn, T., Klotz, B., Sørensen, S., Patroescu, I. V., Barnes, I.,
Becker, K. H., and Platt, U.: Gas-phase absorption cross sections of 24
monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the UV and IR spectral ranges, Atmos. Environ., 33,
525–540, 1999.
Fiedrich, M., Kurtenbach, R., Wiesen, P., and Kleffmann, J.: Artificial O3
formation during fireworks, Atmos. Environ., 165, 57–61, 2017.
Gilman, J. B., Lerner, B. M., Kuster, W. C., Goldan, P. D., Warneke, C., Veres, P. R., Roberts, J. M., de Gouw, J. A., Burling, I. R., and Yokelson, R. J.: Biomass burning emissions and potential air quality impacts of volatile organic compounds and other trace gases from fuels common in the US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13915–13938, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13915-2015, 2015.
Grosjean, D. and Harrison, J.: Response of chemiluminescence NOx analyzers
and ultraviolet ozone analyzers to organic air pollutants, Environ. Sci. Tech., 19, 862–865,
1985.
Jaffe, D. A. and Wigder, N. L.: Ozone Production from Wildfires: A Critical
Review, Atmos. Environ., 51, 1–10, 2012.
Jaffe, D. A., Wigder, N., Downey, N., Pfister, G., Boynard, A., and Reid, S. B.:
Impact of Wildfires on Ozone Exceptional Events in the Western US,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 11065–11072, 2013.
Johnson, T., Capel, J., and Ollison, W.: Measurement of microenvironmental ozone
concentrations in Durham, North Carolina, using a 2B Technologies 205
Federal Equivalent Method monitor and interference-free 2B Technologies 211
monitor, J. Air Waste Manage., 64, 360–371, 2014.
Kleindienst, T. E., Hudgens, E. E., Smith, D. F., McElroy, F. F., and
Bufalini, J. J.: Comparison of chemiluminescence and ultraviolet ozone
monitor responses in the presence of humidity and photochemical pollutants,
Air Waste, 43, 213–222, 1993.
Koss, A. R., Sekimoto, K., Gilman, J. B., Selimovic, V., Coggon, M. M., Zarzana, K. J., Yuan, B., Lerner, B. M., Brown, S. S., Jimenez, J. L., Krechmer, J., Roberts, J. M., Warneke, C., Yokelson, R. J., and de Gouw, J.: Non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning: identification, quantification, and emission factors from PTR-ToF during the FIREX 2016 laboratory experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3299–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3299-2018, 2018.
Landis, M. S., Edgerton, E. S., White, E. M., Wentworth, G. R., Sullivan, A. P., and
Dillner, A. M.: The impact of the 2016 Fort McMurray Horse River Wildfire on
ambient air pollution levels in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta,
Canada, Sci. Total Environ., 618, 1665–1676, 2018.
Landis, M. S., Long, R. W., Krug, J., Colon, M., Vanderpool, R., Habel, A., and Urbanski, S.: The US EPA Wildland Fire Sensor Challenge: Performance and evalution of Solver Submitted Multi-Pollutant Sensor Systems, Atmos. Environ., 247, 118165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118165,
2021.
Leston, A. R., Ollison, W. M., Spicer, C. W., and Satola, J.: Potential
interference bias in ozone standard compliance monitoring, J. Air Waste Manage., 55, 1464–1472,
2005.
Lindaas, J., Farmer, D. K., Pollack, I. B., Abeleira, A., Flocke, F., Roscioli, R., Herndon, S., and Fischer, E. V.: Changes in ozone and precursors during two aged wildfire smoke events in the Colorado Front Range in summer 2015, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10691–10707, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10691-2017, 2017.
Liu, X., Huey, L. G., Yokelson, R. J., Selimovic, V., Simpson, I. J.,
Müller, M., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Beyersdorf, A. J., Blake, D. R., Butterfield, Z., Choi,
Y., Crounse, J. D., Day, D. A., Diskin, G. S., Dubey, M. K., Fortner, E., Hanisco, T. F., Hu, W.,
King, L. E., Kleinman, L., Meinardi, S., Mikoviny, T., Onasch, T. B., Palm, B. B., Peischl,
J., Pollack, I. B., Ryerson, T. B., Sachse, G. W., Sedlacek, A. J., Shilling, J. E.,
Springston, S., St. Clair, J. M., Tanner, D. J., Teng, A. P.,Wennberg, P. O., Wisthaler, A., and Wolfe, G. M.:
Airborne Measurements of Western US Wildfire Emissions: Comparison with Prescribed
Burning and Air Quality Implications, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 6108–6129, 2017.
Liu, Z., Liu, Y., Murphy, J. P., and Maghirang, R.: Contributions of Kansas
Rangeland Burning to Ambient O3: Analysis of data from 2001 to 2016, Sci. Total Environ., 618,
1024–1031, 2018.
Long, R. W., Hall, E., Beaver, M., Duvall, R., Kaushik, S., Kronmiller, K., Wheeler, M., Garvey, S., Drake, Z., and McElroy, F.: Performance of the Proposed New Federal Reference Methods for Measuring Ozone Concentrations in Ambient Air, EPA/600/R-14/432, available at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_file_download.cfm?p_download_id=520887&Lab=NERL (last access: 25 January 2021), 2014.
Lu, X., Zhang, L., Yue, X., Zhang, J., Jaffe, D. A., Stohl, A., Zhao, Y., and Shao, J.: Wildfire influences on the variability and trend of summer surface ozone in the mountainous western United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14687–14702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14687-2016, 2016.
Mauritz, K. A. and Moore, R. B.: State of Understanding of Nafion, Chem. Rev.,
104, 4535–4586, 2004.
McClure, C. D. and Jaffe, D. A.: Investigation of High Ozone Events due to
Wildfire Smoke in an Urban Area, Atmos. Environ., 194, 146–157, 2018.
Molina, L. T. and Molina, M. J.: Absolute Absorption Cross Sections of Ozone in
the 185- to 350-nm Wavelength Range, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 91, 4719, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD091iD13p14501, 1986.
Ollison, W. M., Crow, W., and Spicer, C. W.: Field testing of new-technology
ambient air ozone monitors, J. Air Waste Manage., 63, 855–863, 2013.
Parrish, D. D. and Fehsenfeld, F.C.: Methods for gas-phase measurements of
ozone, ozone precursors and aerosol precursors, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1921–1957, 2000.
Preisler, H. K., Zhong, S., Esperanza, A., Brown, T. J., Bytnerowicz, A., and Tarna,
L.: Estimating Contribution of Wildland Fires to Ambient Ozone Levels in
National Parks in the Sierra Nevada, California, Environ. Pollut, 158, 778–787, 2010.
Spicer, C. W., Joseph, D. W., and Ollison, W. M.: A re-examination of
ambient air ozone monitor interferences, J. Air Waste Manage., 60, 1353–1364, 2010.
Tong, H. Y. and Karasek, F.W.: Flame ionization detector response factors for
compound classes in quantitative analysis of complex organic mixtures,
Anal. Chem., 56, 2124–2128, 1984.
Turnipseed, A. A., Andersen, P. C., Williford, C. J., Ennis, C. A., and Birks, J. W.: Use of a heated graphite scrubber as a means of reducing interferences in UV-absorbance measurements of atmospheric ozone, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2253–2269, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2253-2017, 2017.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for Ozone, Federal Register, 80, available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-10-26/pdf/2015-26594.pdf (last access: 25 January 2021), 2015.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Studies Advance Air Monitoring
During Wildfires and Improve Forecasting of Smoke, availabe at:
https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/studies-advance-air-monitoring-during-wildfires-and-improve-forecasting-smoke (last access: 25 January 2021),
2019.
Whitehill, A., George, I., Long, R., Baker, K. R., and Landis, M. S.: Volatile
organic compound emissions from prescribed burning in tallgrass prairie
ecosystems, Atmosphere, 10, 464, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080464, 2019.
Williams, E. J., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Jobson, B. T., Kuster, W. C., Goldan, P.
D., Stutz, J., and McClenny, W. A.: Comparison of ultraviolet absorbance,
chemiluminescence, and DOAS instruments for ambient ozone monitoring,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 5755–5762, 2006.
Wilson, K. L. and Birks, J. W.: Mechanism and elimination of a water vapor
interference in the measurement of ozone by UV absorbance, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6361–6367,
2006.
Xu, Z., Nie, W., Chi, X., Huang, X., Zheng, L., Xu, Z., Wang, J., Xie, Y.,
Qi, X., and Wang, X.: Ozone from fireworks: Chemical processes or
measurement interference?, Sci. Total Environ., 633, 1007–1011, 2018.
Yokelson, R. J., Griffith, D. W. T., and Ward, D.E.: Open-path Fourier transform
infrared studies of large-scale laboratory biomass fires, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
101, 21067–21080, 1996.
Yokelson, R. J., Susott, R., Ward, D. E., Reardon, J., and Griffith, D. W. T.:
Emissions from smoldering combustion of biomass measured by open-path
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 18865–18877, 1997.
Yokelson, R. J., Goode, J. G., Ward, D. E., Susott, R. A., Babbitt, R. E., Wade, D. D., Bertschi, I., Griffith, D. W. T., and Hao, W. M.: Emissions of formaldehyde, acetic acid, methanol, and other trace gases from biomass fires in North
Carolina measured by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 30109–30125, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900817, 1999.
Short summary
This manuscript details field and laboratory-based evaluations of ozone monitoring methods in smoke. UV photometry, the most widely used measurement method for ozone in ambient air, was shown to suffer from a severe positive interference when operated in the presence of smoke, while chemiluminescence-based methods were shown to be free of interferences. The results detailed in this paper will provide monitoring agencies with the tools needed to address smoke-related ozone measurement challenges.
This manuscript details field and laboratory-based evaluations of ozone monitoring methods in...
