Articles | Volume 17, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2833-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2833-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 May 2024
Research article |
| 13 May 2024
| 13 May 2024
Observing low-altitude features in ozone concentrations in a shoreline environment via uncrewed aerial systems
Josie K. Radtke
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI, USA
Benjamin N. Kies
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI, USA
Whitney A. Mottishaw
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI, USA
Sydney M. Zeuli
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI, USA
Aidan T. H. Voon
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI, USA
Kelly L. Koerber
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI, USA
Grant W. Petty
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI, USA
Michael P. Vermeuel
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 500 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI, USA
now at: Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
Timothy H. Bertram
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 500 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI, USA
Ankur R. Desai
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI, USA
Joseph P. Hupy
School of Aviation and Transportation Technology, Purdue Polytechnic Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
R. Bradley Pierce
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI, USA
Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Timothy J. Wagner
Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
David D. Turner, Maria P. Cadeddu, Julia M. Simonson, and Timothy J. Wagner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3533–3546, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3533-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3533-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
When deriving a geophysical variable from remote sensors, the uncertainty and information content are critical. The latter quantify specifies what fraction of a real perturbation would be observed in the derived variable. This paper outlines, for the first time, a methodology for propagating the information content from multiple remote sensors into a derived product using horizontal advection as an example.
Qing Ying, Benjamin Poulter, Jennifer D. Watts, Kyle A. Arndt, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Lori Bruhwiler, Youmi Oh, Brendan M. Rogers, Susan M. Natali, Hilary Sullivan, Amanda Armstrong, Eric J. Ward, Luke D. Schiferl, Clayton D. Elder, Olli Peltola, Annett Bartsch, Ankur R. Desai, Eugénie Euskirchen, Mathias Göckede, Bernhard Lehner, Mats B. Nilsson, Matthias Peichl, Oliver Sonnentag, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Torsten Sachs, Aram Kalhori, Masahito Ueyama, and Zhen Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2507–2534, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2507-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2507-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present daily methane (CH4) fluxes of northern wetlands at 10 km resolution during 2016–2022 (WetCH4) derived from a novel machine learning framework. We estimated an average annual CH4 emission of 22.8 ± 2.4 Tg CH4 yr−1 (15.7–51.6 Tg CH4 yr−1). Emissions were intensified in 2016, 2020, and 2022, with the largest interannual variation coming from Western Siberia. Continued, all-season tower observations and improved soil moisture products are needed for future improvement of CH4 upscaling.
Michael F. Link, Megan S. Claflin, Christina E. Cecelski, Ayomide A. Akande, Delaney Kilgour, Paul A. Heine, Matthew Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Andrew Jensen, Jie Yu, Han N. Huynh, Jenna C. Ditto, Carsten Warneke, William Dresser, Keighan Gemmell, Spiro Jorga, Rileigh L. Robertson, Joost de Gouw, Timothy Bertram, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, and Dustin Poppendieck
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1013–1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1013-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1013-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is widely used for the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) both indoors and outdoors. An analytical challenge for PTR-MS measurements is the formation of unintended measurement interferences, product ion distributions (PIDs), that may appear in the data as VOCs of interest. We developed a method for quantifying PID formation and use interlaboratory comparison data to put quantitative constraints on PID formation.
Takashi Sekiya, Emanuele Emili, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Antje Inness, Zhen Qu, R. Bradley Pierce, Dylan Jones, Helen Worden, William Y. Y. Cheng, Vincent Huijnen, and Gerbrand Koren
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2243–2268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2243-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2243-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Five global chemical reanalysis datasets were used to assess the relative impacts of assimilating satellite ozone and its precursor measurements on tropospheric ozone analyses for 2010. The multiple reanalysis system comparison allows an evaluation of the dependency of the impacts on different reanalysis systems. The results suggested the importance of satellite ozone and its precursor measurements for improving ozone analysis in the whole troposphere, with varying magnitudes among the systems.
Delaney B. Kilgour, Christopher M. Jernigan, Olga Garmash, Sneha Aggarwal, Shengqian Zhou, Claudia Mohr, Matt E. Salter, Joel A. Thornton, Jian Wang, Paul Zieger, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1931–1947, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1931-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1931-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We report simultaneous measurements of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) in the eastern North Atlantic. We use an observationally constrained box model to show that cloud loss is the dominant sink of HPMTF in this region over 6 weeks, resulting in large reductions in DMS-derived products that contribute to aerosol formation and growth. Our findings indicate that fast cloud processing of HPMTF must be included in global models to accurately capture the sulfur cycle.
Jacob A. Nelson, Sophia Walther, Fabian Gans, Basil Kraft, Ulrich Weber, Kimberly Novick, Nina Buchmann, Mirco Migliavacca, Georg Wohlfahrt, Ladislav Šigut, Andreas Ibrom, Dario Papale, Mathias Göckede, Gregory Duveiller, Alexander Knohl, Lukas Hörtnagl, Russell L. Scott, Jiří Dušek, Weijie Zhang, Zayd Mahmoud Hamdi, Markus Reichstein, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Jonas Ardö, Maarten Op de Beeck, Dave Billesbach, David Bowling, Rosvel Bracho, Christian Brümmer, Gustau Camps-Valls, Shiping Chen, Jamie Rose Cleverly, Ankur Desai, Gang Dong, Tarek S. El-Madany, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen, Iris Feigenwinter, Marta Galvagno, Giacomo A. Gerosa, Bert Gielen, Ignacio Goded, Sarah Goslee, Christopher Michael Gough, Bernard Heinesch, Kazuhito Ichii, Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Anne Klosterhalfen, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Mika Korkiakoski, Ivan Mammarella, Mana Gharun, Riccardo Marzuoli, Roser Matamala, Stefan Metzger, Leonardo Montagnani, Giacomo Nicolini, Thomas O'Halloran, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Matthias Peichl, Elise Pendall, Borja Ruiz Reverter, Marilyn Roland, Simone Sabbatini, Torsten Sachs, Marius Schmidt, Christopher R. Schwalm, Ankit Shekhar, Richard Silberstein, Maria Lucia Silveira, Donatella Spano, Torbern Tagesson, Gianluca Tramontana, Carlo Trotta, Fabio Turco, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Domenico Vitale, Enrique R. Vivoni, Yi Wang, William Woodgate, Enrico A. Yepez, Junhui Zhang, Donatella Zona, and Martin Jung
Biogeosciences, 21, 5079–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The movement of water, carbon, and energy from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere, or flux, is an important process to understand because it impacts our lives. Here, we outline a method called FLUXCOM-X to estimate global water and CO2 fluxes based on direct measurements from sites around the world. We go on to demonstrate how these new estimates of net CO2 uptake/loss, gross CO2 uptake, total water evaporation, and transpiration from plants compare to previous and independent estimates.
Tessa E. Rosenberger, David D. Turner, Thijs Heus, Girish N. Raghunathan, Timothy J. Wagner, and Julia Simonson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6595–6602, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6595-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6595-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work used model output to show that considering the changes in boundary layer depth over time in the calculations of variables such as fluxes and variance yields more accurate results than cases where calculations were done at a constant height. This work was done to improve future observations of these variables at the top of the boundary layer.
Tessa E. Rosenberger, Thijs Heus, Girish N. Raghunathan, David D. Turner, Timothy J. Wagner, and Julia M. Simonson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2894, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Entrainment is key in understanding temperature and moisture changes within the boundary layer, but it is difficult to observe using ground-based observations. This work used simulations to verify an assumption that simplifies entrainment estimations from ground-based observational data, recognizing that entrainment is the combination of the transfer of heat and moisture from above the boundary layer into it and the change in concentration of heat and moisture as boundary layer depth changes.
Maggie Bruckner, R. Bradley Pierce, Allen Lenzen, Glenn Diskin, Josh DiGangi, Martine De Maziere, Nicholas Jones, and Maria Makarova
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2501, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
UFS-RAQMS incorporates the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) stratosphere/troposphere chemistry into the existing NOAA Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS-Aerosol) version of NOAA's Unified Forecast System (UFS). Chemical data assimilation using TROPOMI CO column observations is conducted during the July-August-September 2019 period. Comparison of CO column with independent measurements shows a systematic low bias in biomass burning CO emissions without assimilation.
Maggie Bruckner, R. Bradley Pierce, and Allen Lenzen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10921–10945, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10921-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10921-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze interannual variability in tropical tropospheric ozone by applying composite analysis, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, and multiple linear regression to the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) Aura chemical reanalysis. We find that variability in biomass burning emissions contributes to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in tropical tropospheric ozone, though the dominant driver is convection.
Delaney B. Kilgour, Gordon A. Novak, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3729–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3729-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3729-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments with seawater mimics suggest ozone deposition to the surface ocean can be a source of reactive carbon to the marine atmosphere. We conduct both field and laboratory measurements to assess abiotic VOC composition and yields from ozonolysis of real surface seawater. We show that C5–C11 aldehydes contribute to the observed VOC emission flux. We estimate that VOCs generated by the ozonolysis of surface seawater are competitive with biological VOC production and emission.
Timothy J. Wagner, Thomas August, Tim Hultberg, and Ralph A. Petersen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial passenger and freight aircraft need to know the temperature and pressure of the environments they fly through in order to safely operate. In this paper, we investigate how these observations can be used to evaluate and monitor the performance of satellite observations. Normally weather balloons are used for this, but in places like the United States there are many more airplane flights than weather balloon launches. This makes it much easier to compare them to satellites.
Sreenath Paleri, Luise Wanner, Matthias Sühring, Ankur Desai, and Matthias Mauder
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1721, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1721, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We present a description and evaluation of numerical simulations of field experiment days during the CHEESEHEAD19 field campaign, conducted over a heterogeneous forested domain in Northern Wisconsin, USA. Diurnal simulations, informed and constrained by field measurements for two days during the summer and autumn were performed. The model could simulate near surface time series and profiles of atmospheric state variables and fluxes that matched relatively well with observations.
R. Bradley Pierce, Monica Harkey, Allen Lenzen, Lee M. Cronce, Jason A. Otkin, Jonathan L. Case, David S. Henderson, Zac Adelman, Tsengel Nergui, and Christopher R. Hain
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9613–9635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate two high-resolution model simulations with different meteorological inputs but identical chemistry and anthropogenic emissions, with the goal of identifying a model configuration best suited for characterizing air quality in locations where lake breezes commonly affect local air quality along the Lake Michigan shoreline. This analysis complements other studies in evaluating the impact of meteorological inputs and parameterizations on air quality in a complex environment.
Sunil Baidar, Timothy J. Wagner, David D. Turner, and W. Alan Brewer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3715–3726, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a new method to retrieve wind profiles from coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) measurements. It takes advantage of layer-to-layer correlation in wind profiles to provide continuous profiles of up to 3 km by filling in the gaps where the CDL signal is too small to retrieve reliable results by itself. Comparison with the current method and collocated radiosonde wind measurements showed excellent agreement with no degradation in results where the current method gives valid results.
Jason A. Otkin, Lee M. Cronce, Jonathan L. Case, R. Bradley Pierce, Monica Harkey, Allen Lenzen, David S. Henderson, Zac Adelman, Tsengel Nergui, and Christopher R. Hain
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7935–7954, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7935-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7935-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We performed model simulations to assess the impact of different parameterization schemes, surface initialization datasets, and analysis nudging on lower-tropospheric conditions near Lake Michigan. Simulations were run with high-resolution, real-time datasets depicting lake surface temperatures, green vegetation fraction, and soil moisture. The most accurate results were obtained when using high-resolution sea surface temperature and soil datasets to constrain the model simulations.
Juanito Jerrold Mariano Acdan, Robert Bradley Pierce, Angela F. Dickens, Zachariah Adelman, and Tsengel Nergui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7867–7885, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7867-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7867-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is an air pollutant that is harmful to human health. Near the surface of Earth, ozone is created when other pollutants react in the presence of sunlight. This study uses satellite data to investigate how ozone levels can be decreased in the Lake Michigan region of the United States. Our results indicate that ozone levels can be decreased by decreasing volatile organic compound emissions in urban areas and decreasing nitrogen oxide emissions in the region as a whole.
Michael P. Vermeuel, Gordon A. Novak, Delaney B. Kilgour, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, Amy M. Trowbridge, Jonathan Thom, Patricia A. Cleary, Ankur R. Desai, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4123–4148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive carbon species emitted from natural sources such as forests play an important role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. Predictions of these emissions are based on plant responses during the growing season and do not consider potential effects from seasonal changes. To address this, we made measurements of reactive carbon over a forest during the summer to autumn transition. We learned that observed concentrations and emissions for some key species are larger than model predictions.
James D. East, Barron H. Henderson, Sergey L. Napelenok, Shannon N. Koplitz, Golam Sarwar, Robert Gilliam, Allen Lenzen, Daniel Q. Tong, R. Bradley Pierce, and Fernando Garcia-Menendez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15981–16001, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15981-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15981-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a framework that uses a computer model of air quality, along with air pollution data from satellite instruments, to estimate emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) across the Northern Hemisphere. The framework, which advances current methods to infer emissions from satellite observations, provides observationally constrained NOx estimates, including in regions of the world where emissions are highly uncertain, and can improve simulations of air pollutants relevant for health and policy.
Rachel A. Bergin, Monica Harkey, Alicia Hoffman, Richard H. Moore, Bruce Anderson, Andreas Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Lee Thornhill, Edward Winstead, Tracey Holloway, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15449–15468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Correctly predicting aerosol surface area concentrations is important for determining the rate of heterogeneous reactions in chemical transport models. Here, we compare aircraft measurements of aerosol surface area with a regional model. In polluted air masses, we show that the model underpredicts aerosol surface area by a factor of 2. Despite this disagreement, the representation of heterogeneous chemistry still dominates the overall uncertainty in the loss rate of molecules such as N2O5.
Aditya Kumar, R. Bradley Pierce, Ravan Ahmadov, Gabriel Pereira, Saulo Freitas, Georg Grell, Chris Schmidt, Allen Lenzen, Joshua P. Schwarz, Anne E. Perring, Joseph M. Katich, John Hair, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, and Hongyu Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10195–10219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use the WRF-Chem model with new implementations of GOES-16 wildfire emissions and plume rise based on fire radiative power (FRP) to interpret aerosol observations during the 2019 NASA–NOAA FIREX-AQ field campaign and perform model evaluations. The model shows significant improvements in simulating the variety of aerosol loading environments sampled during FIREX-AQ. Our results also highlight the importance of accurate wildfire diurnal cycle and aerosol chemical mechanisms in models.
Gordon A. Novak, Delaney B. Kilgour, Christopher M. Jernigan, Michael P. Vermeuel, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6309–6325, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6309-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6309-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe field measurements of the mixing ratio and oceanic emission flux of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methanethiol (MeSH) from a coastal ocean site. DMS is known to impact aerosol formation and growth in the marine atmosphere, influencing cloud formation and climate. Measurements of MeSH, which is produced by the same oceanic source as DMS, are rare. We show that MeSH emissions are large and must be measured alongside DMS to understand marine sulfur chemistry and aerosol formation.
Patricia A. Cleary, Gijs de Boer, Joseph P. Hupy, Steven Borenstein, Jonathan Hamilton, Ben Kies, Dale Lawrence, R. Bradley Pierce, Joe Tirado, Aidan Voon, and Timothy Wagner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2129–2145, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A field campaign, WiscoDISCO-21, was conducted at the shoreline of Lake Michigan to better understand the role of marine air in pollutants. Two uncrewed aircraft systems were equipped with sensors for meteorological variables and ozone. A Doppler lidar instrument at a ground station measured horizontal and vertical winds. The overlap of observations from multiple instruments allowed for a unique mapping of the meteorology and pollutants as a marine air mass moved over land.
James B. Duncan Jr., Laura Bianco, Bianca Adler, Tyler Bell, Irina V. Djalalova, Laura Riihimaki, Joseph Sedlar, Elizabeth N. Smith, David D. Turner, Timothy J. Wagner, and James M. Wilczak
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2479–2502, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, several ground-based remote sensing instruments are used to estimate the height of the convective planetary boundary layer, and their performance is compared against independent boundary layer depth estimates obtained from radiosondes launched as part of the CHEESEHEAD19 field campaign. The impact of clouds (particularly boundary layer clouds) on the estimation of the boundary layer depth is also investigated.
Delaney B. Kilgour, Gordon A. Novak, Jon S. Sauer, Alexia N. Moore, Julie Dinasquet, Sarah Amiri, Emily B. Franklin, Kathryn Mayer, Margaux Winter, Clare K. Morris, Tyler Price, Francesca Malfatti, Daniel R. Crocker, Christopher Lee, Christopher D. Cappa, Allen H. Goldstein, Kimberly A. Prather, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1601–1613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1601-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1601-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report measurements of gas-phase volatile organosulfur molecules made during a mesocosm phytoplankton bloom experiment. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), methanethiol (MeSH), and benzothiazole accounted for on average over 90 % of total gas-phase sulfur emissions. This work focuses on factors controlling the production and emission of DMS and MeSH and the role of non-DMS molecules (such as MeSH and benzothiazole) in secondary sulfate formation in coastal marine environments.
Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Sreenath Paleri, Matthias Sühring, Brian J. Butterworth, Christopher Florian, Matthias Mauder, David M. Plummer, Luise Wanner, Ke Xu, and Ankur R. Desai
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6929–6954, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6929-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6929-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The key points are the following. (i) Integrative observing system design can multiply the information gain of surface–atmosphere field measurements. (ii) Catalyzing numerical simulations and first-principles machine learning open up observing system simulation experiments to novel applications. (iii) Use cases include natural climate solutions, emission inventory validation, urban air quality, and industry leak detection.
Xinxin Ye, Pargoal Arab, Ravan Ahmadov, Eric James, Georg A. Grell, Bradley Pierce, Aditya Kumar, Paul Makar, Jack Chen, Didier Davignon, Greg R. Carmichael, Gonzalo Ferrada, Jeff McQueen, Jianping Huang, Rajesh Kumar, Louisa Emmons, Farren L. Herron-Thorpe, Mark Parrington, Richard Engelen, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Arlindo da Silva, Amber Soja, Emily Gargulinski, Elizabeth Wiggins, Johnathan W. Hair, Marta Fenn, Taylor Shingler, Shobha Kondragunta, Alexei Lyapustin, Yujie Wang, Brent Holben, David M. Giles, and Pablo E. Saide
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14427–14469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14427-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14427-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire smoke has crucial impacts on air quality, while uncertainties in the numerical forecasts remain significant. We present an evaluation of 12 real-time forecasting systems. Comparison of predicted smoke emissions suggests a large spread in magnitudes, with temporal patterns deviating from satellite detections. The performance for AOD and surface PM2.5 and their discrepancies highlighted the role of accurately represented spatiotemporal emission profiles in improving smoke forecasts.
Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3607–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, yet we lack knowledge about its global emissions and drivers. We present FLUXNET-CH4, a new global collection of methane measurements and a critical resource for the research community. We use FLUXNET-CH4 data to quantify the seasonality of methane emissions from freshwater wetlands, finding that methane seasonality varies strongly with latitude. Our new database and analysis will improve wetland model accuracy and inform greenhouse gas budgets.
Rafael Poyatos, Víctor Granda, Víctor Flo, Mark A. Adams, Balázs Adorján, David Aguadé, Marcos P. M. Aidar, Scott Allen, M. Susana Alvarado-Barrientos, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Luiza Maria Aparecido, M. Altaf Arain, Ismael Aranda, Heidi Asbjornsen, Robert Baxter, Eric Beamesderfer, Z. Carter Berry, Daniel Berveiller, Bethany Blakely, Johnny Boggs, Gil Bohrer, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Rosvel Bracho, Patricia Brito, Jason Brodeur, Fernando Casanoves, Jérôme Chave, Hui Chen, Cesar Cisneros, Kenneth Clark, Edoardo Cremonese, Hongzhong Dang, Jorge S. David, Teresa S. David, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Frederic C. Do, Michal Dohnal, Jean-Christophe Domec, Sebinasi Dzikiti, Colin Edgar, Rebekka Eichstaedt, Tarek S. El-Madany, Jan Elbers, Cleiton B. Eller, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Brent Ewers, Patrick Fonti, Alicia Forner, David I. Forrester, Helber C. Freitas, Marta Galvagno, Omar Garcia-Tejera, Chandra Prasad Ghimire, Teresa E. Gimeno, John Grace, André Granier, Anne Griebel, Yan Guangyu, Mark B. Gush, Paul J. Hanson, Niles J. Hasselquist, Ingo Heinrich, Virginia Hernandez-Santana, Valentine Herrmann, Teemu Hölttä, Friso Holwerda, James Irvine, Supat Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya, Paul G. Jarvis, Hubert Jochheim, Carlos A. Joly, Julia Kaplick, Hyun Seok Kim, Leif Klemedtsson, Heather Kropp, Fredrik Lagergren, Patrick Lane, Petra Lang, Andrei Lapenas, Víctor Lechuga, Minsu Lee, Christoph Leuschner, Jean-Marc Limousin, Juan Carlos Linares, Maj-Lena Linderson, Anders Lindroth, Pilar Llorens, Álvaro López-Bernal, Michael M. Loranty, Dietmar Lüttschwager, Cate Macinnis-Ng, Isabelle Maréchaux, Timothy A. Martin, Ashley Matheny, Nate McDowell, Sean McMahon, Patrick Meir, Ilona Mészáros, Mirco Migliavacca, Patrick Mitchell, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Georgianne W. Moore, Ryogo Nakada, Furong Niu, Rachael H. Nolan, Richard Norby, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oberhuber, Nikolaus Obojes, A. Christopher Oishi, Rafael S. Oliveira, Ram Oren, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Teemu Paljakka, Oscar Perez-Priego, Pablo L. Peri, Richard L. Peters, Sebastian Pfautsch, William T. Pockman, Yakir Preisler, Katherine Rascher, George Robinson, Humberto Rocha, Alain Rocheteau, Alexander Röll, Bruno H. P. Rosado, Lucy Rowland, Alexey V. Rubtsov, Santiago Sabaté, Yann Salmon, Roberto L. Salomón, Elisenda Sánchez-Costa, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Bernhard Schuldt, Alexandr Shashkin, Clément Stahl, Marko Stojanović, Juan Carlos Suárez, Ge Sun, Justyna Szatniewska, Fyodor Tatarinov, Miroslav Tesař, Frank M. Thomas, Pantana Tor-ngern, Josef Urban, Fernando Valladares, Christiaan van der Tol, Ilja van Meerveld, Andrej Varlagin, Holm Voigt, Jeffrey Warren, Christiane Werner, Willy Werner, Gerhard Wieser, Lisa Wingate, Stan Wullschleger, Koong Yi, Roman Zweifel, Kathy Steppe, Maurizio Mencuccini, and Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2607–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Transpiration is a key component of global water balance, but it is poorly constrained from available observations. We present SAPFLUXNET, the first global database of tree-level transpiration from sap flow measurements, containing 202 datasets and covering a wide range of ecological conditions. SAPFLUXNET and its accompanying R software package
sapfluxnetrwill facilitate new data syntheses on the ecological factors driving water use and drought responses of trees and forests.
Grant W. Petty
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1959–1976, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1959-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aircraft measurements of turbulent fluxes of matter and energy are important in field investigations of the interaction of the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. Because these measurements are of randomly fluctuating quantities, averages must be taken over longer flight tracks to reduce uncertainty. This paper investigates the relationship between track length and measurement error using a computer model simulation of a marine environment and compares the results with published theory.
Xueying Yu, Dylan B. Millet, Kelley C. Wells, Daven K. Henze, Hansen Cao, Timothy J. Griffis, Eric A. Kort, Genevieve Plant, Malte J. Deventer, Randall K. Kolka, D. Tyler Roman, Kenneth J. Davis, Ankur R. Desai, Bianca C. Baier, Kathryn McKain, Alan C. Czarnetzki, and A. Anthony Bloom
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 951–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-951-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-951-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane concentrations have doubled since 1750. The US Upper Midwest is a key region contributing to such trends, but sources are poorly understood. We collected and analyzed aircraft data to resolve spatial and timing biases in wetland and livestock emission estimates and uncover errors in inventory treatment of manure management. We highlight the importance of intensive agriculture for the regional and US methane budgets and the potential for methane mitigation through improved management.
Laura M. Judd, Jassim A. Al-Saadi, James J. Szykman, Lukas C. Valin, Scott J. Janz, Matthew G. Kowalewski, Henk J. Eskes, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Alexander Cede, Moritz Mueller, Manuel Gebetsberger, Robert Swap, R. Bradley Pierce, Caroline R. Nowlan, Gonzalo González Abad, Amin Nehrir, and David Williams
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6113–6140, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6113-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6113-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates Sentinel-5P TROPOMI v1.2 NO2 tropospheric columns over New York City using data from airborne mapping spectrometers and a network of ground-based spectrometers (Pandora) collected in 2018. These evaluations consider impacts due to cloud parameters, a priori profile assumptions, and spatial and temporal variability. Overall, TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 columns appear to have a low bias in this region.
Cited articles
Abdi-Oskouei, M., Carmichael, G., Christiansen, M., Ferrada, G., Roozitalab, B., Sobhani, N., Wade, K., Czarnetzki, A., Pierce, R. B., Wagner, T., and Stanier, C.: Sensitivity of Meteorological Skill to Selection of WRF-Chem Physical Parameterizations and Impact on Ozone Prediction During the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031971, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031971, 2020.
Adkins, K. A. and Sescu, A.: Observations of relative humidity in the near-wake of a wind turbine using an instrumented unmanned aerial system, Int. J. Green Energy, 14, 845–860, https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2017.1334661, 2017.
Andersen, P. C., Williford, C. J., and Birks, J. W.: Miniature Personal Ozone Monitor Based on UV Absorbance, Anal. Chem., 82, 7924–7928, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac1013578, 2010.
Baker, K. R., Liljegren, J., Valin, L., Judd, L. M., Szykman, J., Millet, D. B., Czarnetzki, A., Whitehill, A. R., Murphy, B. P., and Stanier, C.: Photochemical model representation of ozone and precursors during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS), Atmos. Environ., 293, 119465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119465, 2023.
Banta, R. M., Senff, C. J., Nielsen-Gammon, J., Darby, L. S., Ryerson, T. B., Alvarez, R. J., Sandberg, S. R., Williams, E. J., and Trainer, M.: A bad air day in Houston, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 657–669, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-86-5-657, 2005.
Beekmann, M., Ancellet, G., Martin, D., Abonnel, C., Duverneuil, G., Eidelman, F., Bessemoulin, P., Fritz, N., and Gizard, E.: Intercomparison Of Tropospheric Ozone Profiles Obtained By Electrochemical Sondes, A Ground-Based Lidar And An Airborne UV-Photometer, Atmos. Environ., 29, 1027–1042, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00336-j, 1995.
Bell, M. L., Peng, R. D., and Dominici, F.: The exposure-response curve for ozone and risk of mortality and the adequacy of current ozone regulations, Environ. Health Persp., 114, 532–536, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8816, 2006.
Blaylock, B. K., Horel, J. D., and Crosman, E. T.: Impact of Lake Breezes on Summer Ozone Concentrations in the Salt Lake Valley, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 56, 353–370, https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0216.1, 2017.
Brauner, E. V., Karottki, D. G., Frederiksen, M., Kolarik, B., Spilak, M., Andersen, Z. J., Vibenholt, A., Ellermann, T., Gunnarsen, L., and Loft, S.: Residential ozone and lung function in the elderly, Indoor Built Environ., 25, 93–105, https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x14539339, 2016.
Butterworth, B. J., Desai, A. R., Metzger, S., Townsend, P. A., Schwartz, M. D., Petty, G. W., Mauder, M., Vogelmann, H., Andresen, C. G., Augustine, T. J., Bertram, T. H., Brown, W. O. J., Buban, M., Cleary, P., Durden, D. J., Florian, C. R., Iglinski, T. J., Kruger, E. L., Lantz, K., Lee, T. R., Meyers, T. P., Mineau, J. K., Olson, E. R., Oncley, S. P., Paleri, S., Pertzborn, R. A., Pettersen, C., Plummer, D. M., Riihimaki, L., Ruiz Guzman, E., Sedlar, J., Smith, E. N., Speidel, J., Wagner, T. J., Wang, Z., Wanner, L., White, L. D., Wilczak, J. M., Wright, D. B., and Zheng, T.: Connecting land-atmosphere interactions to surface heterogeneity in CHEESEHEAD19, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102, E421–E445, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0346.1, 2021.
Chai, T., Kim, H.-C., Lee, P., Tong, D., Pan, L., Tang, Y., Huang, J., McQueen, J., Tsidulko, M., and Stajner, I.: Evaluation of the United States National Air Quality Forecast Capability experimental real-time predictions in 2010 using Air Quality System ozone and NO2 measurements, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1831–1850, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1831-2013, 2013.
Chandrasekar, A., Philbrick, C. R., Doddridge, B., Clark, R., and Georgopoulos, P.: A comparison study of RAMS simulations with aircraft, wind profiler, lidar, tethered balloon and RASS data over Philadelphia during a 1999 summer episode, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4973–4984, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.030, 2003.
Chen, L., Pang, X. B., Li, J. J., Xing, B., An, T. C., Yuan, K. B., Dai, S., Wu, Z. T., Wang, S. Q., Wang, Q., Mao, Y. P., and Chen, J. M.: Vertical profiles of O3, NO2 and PM in a major fine chemical industry park in the Yangtze River Delta of China detected by a sensor package on an unmanned aerial vehicle, Sci. Total Environ., 845, 157113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157113, 2022.
Chen, Q., Wang, D. S., Li, X. B., Li, B., Song, R. F., He, H. D., and Peng, Z. R.: Vertical Characteristics of Winter Ozone Distribution within the Boundary Layer in Shanghai Based on Hexacopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform, Sustainability, 11, 7026, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247026, 2019.
Chen, Q., Li, X. B., Song, R. F., Wang, H. W., Li, B., He, H. D., and Peng, Z. R.: Development and utilization of hexacopter unmanned aerial vehicle platform to characterize vertical distribution of boundary layer ozone in wintertime, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 11, 1073–1083, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.04.002, 2020.
Chilson, P. B., Bell, T. M., Brewster, K. A., de Azevedo, G. B. H., Carr, F. H., Carson, K., Doyle, W., Fiebrich, C. A., Greene, B. R., Grimsley, J. L., Kanneganti, S. T., Martin, J., Moore, A., Palmer, R. D., Pillar-Little, E. A., Salazar-Cerreno, J. L., Segales, A. R., Weber, M. E., Yeary, M., and Droegemeier, K. K.: Moving towards a Network of Autonomous UAS Atmospheric Profiling Stations for Observations in the Earth's Lower Atmosphere: The 3D Mesonet Concept, Sensors, 19, 2720, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122720, 2019.
Cleary, P. and Hupy, J.: WiscoDISCO2020_dataset (Version V1), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8118176, 2023.
Cleary, P. A., Fuhrman, N., Schulz, L., Schafer, J., Fillingham, J., Bootsma, H., McQueen, J., Tang, Y., Langel, T., McKeen, S., Williams, E. J., and Brown, S. S.: Ozone distributions over southern Lake Michigan: comparisons between ferry-based observations, shoreline-based DOAS observations and model forecasts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5109–5122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5109-2015, 2015.
Cleary, P. A., de Boer, G., Hupy, J. P., Borenstein, S., Hamilton, J., Kies, B., Lawrence, D., Pierce, R. B., Tirado, J., Voon, A., and Wagner, T.: Observations of the lower atmosphere from the 2021 WiscoDISCO campaign, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2129–2145, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2129-2022, 2022a.
Cleary, P. A., Dickens, A. J., McIlquham, M., Sanchez, M., Geib, K., Hedberg, C., Hupy, J., Watson, M. W., Fuoco, M., Olson, E. R., Pierce, R. B., Stanier, C., Long, R., Valin, L., Conley, S., and Smith, M.: Impacts of lake breeze meteorology on ozone gradient observations along Lake Michigan Shorelines in Wisconsin, Atmos. Environ., 269, 118834, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118834, 2022b.
Cook, D. E., Strong, P. A., Garrett, S. A., and Marshall, R. E.: A small unmanned aerial system (UAS) for coastal atmospheric research: preliminary results from New Zealand, J. Roy. Soc. New Zeal., 43, 108–115, https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2012.695280, 2013.
Crawford, T. L., Dobosy, R. J., McMillen, R. T., Vogel, C. A., and Hicks, B. B.: Air-surface exchange measurement in heterogeneous regions: Extending tower observations with spatial structure observed from small aircraft, Glob. Change Biol., 2, 275–285, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00079.x, 1996.
Crosman, E. T., Jacques, A. A., and Horel, J. D.: A novel approach for monitoring vertical profiles of boundary-layer pollutants: Utilizing routine news helicopter flights, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 8, 828–835, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.01.013, 2017.
de Boer, G., Butterworth, B. J., Elston, J. S., Houston, A., Pillar-Little, E., Argrow, B., Bell, T. M., Chilson, P., Choate, C., Greene, B. R., Islam, A., Martz, R., Rhodes, M., Rico, D., Stachura, M., Lappin, F. M., Segales, A. R., Whyte, S., and Wilson, M.: Evaluation and Intercomparison of Small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Used for Atmospheric Research, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 41, 127–145, https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-23-0067.1, 2024.
DeMuer, D., Heylen, R., VanLoey, M., and DeSadelaer, G.: Photochemical ozone production in the convective mixed layer, studied with a tethered balloon sounding system, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 15933–15947, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01211, 1997.
Desai, A., Schwartz, M., Mauder, M., Metzger, S., and Pertzborn, R.: CHEESEHEAD Data Sets, EOL Archive [data set], https://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_lists/generated/cheesehead/ (last accesss: 2 May 2024), 2020.
Desjardins, R. L., Macpherson, J. I., Neumann, H., Denhartog, G., and Schuepp, P. H.: Flux Estimates Of Latent And Sensible Heat, Carbon-Dioxide, And Ozone Using An Aircraft-Tower Combination, Atmos. Environ., 29, 3147–3158, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00007-l, 1995.
Doak, A. G., Christiansen, M. B., D.A., H., Bertram, T. H., Carmichael, G., Cleary, P., Czarnetzki, A. C., Dickens, A. F., Janssen, M., Kenski, M., Millet, D. B., Novak, G., Pierce, B. R., Stone, E. A., Szykman, J., Vermeuel, M., Wagner, T. J., Valin, L., and Stanier, C. O.: Characterization of ground-based atmospheric pollution and meteorology sampling stations during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 71, 866–889, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2021.1900000, 2021.
Dowell, D. C., Alexander, C. R., James, E. P., Weygandt, S. S., Benjamin, S. G., Manikin, G. S., Blake, B. T., Brown, J. M., Olson, J. B., Hu, M., Smirnova, T. G., Ladwig, T., Kenyon, J. S., Ahmadov, R., Turner, D. D., Duda, J. D., and Alcott, T. I.: The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR): An Hourly Updating Convection-Allowing Forecast Model. Part I: Motivation and System Description, Weather Forecast., 37, 1371–1395, https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-21-0151.1, 2022.
Fuhrer, J.: Ozone impacts on vegetation, Ozone-Sci. Eng., 24, 69–74, https://doi.org/10.1080/01919510208901597, 2002.
Gaza, R. S.: Mesoscale meteorology and high ozone in the northeast United States, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 961–977, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0961:Mmahoi>2.0.Co;2, 1998.
Gong, W. M., Mickle, R. E., Bottenheim, J., Froude, F., Beauchamp, S., and Waugh, D.: Marine/coastal boundary layer and vertical structure of ozone observed at a coastal site in Nova Scotia during the 1996 NARSTO-CE field campaign, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4139–4154, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00226-0, 2000.
Greatwood, C., Richardson, T. S., Freer, J., Thomas, R. M., MacKenzie, A. R., Brownlow, R., Lowry, D., Fisher, R. E., and Nisbet, E. G.: Atmospheric Sampling on Ascension Island Using Multirotor UAVs, Sensors, 17, 1189, https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061189, 2017.
Greenberg, J. R., Guenther, A. B., and Turnipseed, A.: Tethered balloon-based soundings of ozone, aerosols, and solar radiation near Mexico City during MIRAGE-MEX, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2672–2677, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.019, 2009.
Greene, B. R., Segales, A. R., Bell, T. M., Pillar-Little, E. A., and Chilson, P. B.: Environmental and Sensor Integration Influences on Temperature Measurements by Rotary-Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Sensors, 19, 1470, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061470, 2019.
Gronoff, G., Robinson, J., Berkoff, T., Swap, R., Farris, B., Schroeder, J., Halliday, H. S., Knepp, T., Spinei, E., Carrion, W., Adcock, E. E., Johns, Z., Allen, D., and Pippin, M.: A method for quantifying near range point source induced O-3 titration events using Co-located Lidar and Pandora measurements, Atmos. Environ., 204, 43–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.052, 2019.
Guimaras, P., Ye, J. H., Batista, C., Barbosa, R., Ribeiro, I., Medeiros, A., Zhao, T. N., Hwang, W. C., Hung, H. M., Souza, R., and Martin, S. T.: Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric Species Concentrations and Nighttime Boundary Layer Structure in the Dry Season over an Urban Environment in Central Amazon Collected by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Atmosphere, 11, 1371, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121371, 2020.
Hanna, S. R. and Chang, J. C.: Relations between meteorology and ozone in the Lake Michigan region, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 670–678, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0670:rbmaoi>2.0.co;2, 1995.
Hemingway, B. L., Frazier, A. E., Elbing, B. R., and Jacob, J. D.: Vertical Sampling Scales for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements from Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS), Atmosphere, 8, 176, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8090176, 2017.
Herman, J., Cede, A., Spinei, E., Mount, G., Tzortziou, M., and Abuhassan, N.: NO2 column amounts from ground-based Pandora and MFDOAS spectrometers using the direct-sun DOAS technique: Intercomparisons and application to OMI validation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D13307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd011848, 2009.
Horel, J., Crosman, E., Jacques, A., Blaylock, B., Arens, S., Long, A., Sohl, J., and Martin, R.: Summer ozone concentrations in the vicinity of the Great Salt Lake, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 17, 480–486, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.680, 2016.
Inoue, J. and Sato, K.: Toward sustainable meteorological profiling in polar regions: Case studies using an inexpensive UAS on measuring lower boundary layers with quality of radiosondes, Environ. Res., 205, 112468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112468, 2022.
Jacob, J. D., Chilson, P. B., Houston, A. L., and Smith, S. W.: Considerations for Atmospheric Measurements with Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Atmosphere, 9, 252, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070252, 2018.
Kaser, L., Patton, E. G., Pfister, G. G., Weinheimer, A. J., Montzka, D. D., Flocke, F., Thompson, A. M., Stauffer, R. M., and Halliday, H. S.: The effect of entrainment through atmospheric boundary layer growth on observed and modeled surface ozone in the Colorado Front Range, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 6075–6093, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd026245, 2017.
Kim, J., Shusterman, A. A., Lieschke, K. J., Newman, C., and Cohen, R. C.: The BErkeley Atmospheric CO2 Observation Network: field calibration and evaluation of low-cost air quality sensors, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1937–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1937-2018, 2018.
Kimball, S. K., Montalvo, C. J., and Mulekar, M. S.: Evaluating Temperature Measurements of the iMET-XQ, in the Field, under Varying Atmospheric Conditions, Atmosphere, 11, 335, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040335, 2020.
Knapp, K. G., Jensen, M. L., Balsley, B. B., Bognar, J. A., Oltmans, S. J., Smith, T. W., and Birks, J. W.: Vertical profiling using a complementary kite and tethered balloon platform at Ferryland Downs, Newfoundland, Canada: Observation of a dry, ozone-rich plume in the free troposphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 13389–13397, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01831, 1998.
Koch, S. E., Fengler, M., Chilson, P. B., Elmore, K. L., Argrow, B., Andra, D. L., and Lindley, T.: On the Use of Unmanned Aircraft for Sampling Mesoscale Phenomena in the Preconvective Boundary Layer, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 35, 2265–2288, https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0101.1, 2018.
Krechmer, J., Lopez-Hilfiker, F., Koss, A., Hutterli, M., Stoermer, C., Deming, B., Kimmel, J., Warneke, C., Holzinger, R., Jayne, J., Worsnop, D., Fuhrer, K., Gonin, M., and de Gouw, J.: Evaluation of a New Reagent-Ion Source and Focusing Ion-Molecule Reactor for Use in Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 90, 12011–12018, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02641, 2018.
Levy, I., Makar, P. A., Sills, D., Zhang, J., Hayden, K. L., Mihele, C., Narayan, J., Moran, M. D., Sjostedt, S., and Brook, J.: Unraveling the complex local-scale flows influencing ozone patterns in the southern Great Lakes of North America, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10895–10915, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10895-2010, 2010.
Li, X. B., Wang, D. F., Lu, Q. C., Peng, Z. R., Fu, Q. Y., Hu, X. M., Huo, J. T., Xiu, G. L., Li, B., Li, C., Wang, D. S., and Wang, H. Y.: Three-dimensional analysis of ozone and PM2.5 distributions obtained by observations of tethered balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle in Shanghai, China, Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 32, 1189–1203, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-018-1524-2, 2018.
Li, X. B., Peng, Z. R., Lu, Q. C., Wang, D. F., Hu, X. M., Wang, D. S., Li, B., Fu, Q. Y., Xiu, G. L., and He, H. D.: Evaluation of unmanned aerial system in measuring lower tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles using portable monitors, Atmos. Environ., 222, 117134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117134, 2020.
Li, Y. W., Liu, B., Ye, J. H., Jia, T. J., Khuzestani, R. B., Jia, Y. S., Cheng, X., Zheng, Y., Li, X., Wu, C., Xin, J. Y., Wu, Z. H., Tomoto, M. A., McKinney, K. A., Martin, S. T., Yong, J. L., and Chen, Q.: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds over a Subtropical Forest in China and Implications for Emission Heterogeneity, ACS Earth Space Chem., 5, 247–256, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00271, 2021.
Lu, R. and Turco, R. P.: Air Pollutant Transport In A Coastal Environment .1. 2-Dimensional Simulations Of Sea-Breeze And Mountain Effects, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2285–2308, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2285:Aptiac>2.0.Co;2, 1994.
Lyman, S. and Tran, T.: Inversion structure and winter ozone distribution in the Uintah Basin, Utah, USA, Atmos. Environ., 123, 156–165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.067, 2015.
Mazzuca, G. M., Pickering, K. E., Clark, R. D., Loughner, C. P., Fried, A., Zweers, D. C. S., Weinheimer, A. J., and Dickerson, R. R.: Use of tethersonde and aircraft profiles to study the impact of mesoscale and microscale meteorology on air quality, Atmos. Environ., 149, 55–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.025, 2017.
McNider, R. T., Pour-Biazar, A., Doty, K., White, A., Wu, Y. L., Qin, M. M., Hu, Y. T., Odman, T., Cleary, P., Knipping, E., Dornblaser, B., Lee, P., Hain, C., and McKeen, S.: Examination of the Physical Atmosphere in the Great Lakes Region and Its Potential Impact on Air QualityOverwater Stability and Satellite Assimilation, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 57, 2789–2816, https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0355.1, 2018.
Novak, G. A., Vermeuel, M. P., and Bertram, T. H.: Simultaneous detection of ozone and nitrogen dioxide by oxygen anion chemical ionization mass spectrometry: a fast-time-response sensor suitable for eddy covariance measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1887–1907, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1887-2020, 2020.
Ollison, W. M., Crow, W., and Spicer, C. W.: Field testing of new-technology ambient air ozone monitors, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 63, 855–863, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2013.796898, 2013.
Peng, Y. P., Chen, K. S., Lou, J. C., Hwang, S. W., Wang, W. C., Lai, C. H., and Tsai, M. Y.: Measurements and Mesoscale Modeling of Autumnal Vertical Ozone Profiles in Southern Taiwan, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sc., 19, 505–514, https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2008.19.5.505(a), 2008.
Sillman, S.: The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments, Atmos. Environ., 33, 1821–1845, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00345-8, 1999.
Sills, D. M. L., Brook, J. R., Levy, I., Makar, P. A., Zhang, J., and Taylor, P. A.: Lake breezes in the southern Great Lakes region and their influence during BAQS-Met 2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7955–7973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7955-2011, 2011.
Stanier, C. O., Pierce, R. B., Abdi-Oskouei, M., Adelman, Z. E., Al-Saadi, J., Alwe, H. D., Bertram, T. H., Carmichael, G. R., Christiansen, M. B., Cleary, P. A., Czarnetzki, A. C., Dickens, A. F., Fuoco, M. A., Hughes, D. D., Hupy, J. P., Janz, S. J., Judd, L. M., Kenski, D., Kowalewski, M. G., Long, R. W., Millet, D. B., Novak, G., Roozitalab, B., Shaw, S. L., Stone, E. A., Szykman, J., Valin, L., Vermeuel, M., Wagner, T. J., Whitehill, A. R., and Williams, D. J.: Overview of the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102, E2207–E2225, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0061.1, 2021.
Sullivan, J. T., Berkoff, T., Gronoff, G., Knepp, T., Pippin, M., Allen, D., Twigg, L., Swap, R., Tzortziou, M., Thompson, A. M., Stauffer, R. M., Wolfe, G. M., Flynn, J., Pusede, S. E., Judd, L. M., Moore, W., Baker, B. D., Al-Saadi, J., and McGee, T. J.: The Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study: An Innovative Strategy for Understanding Chesapeake Bay Pollution Events, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 291–306, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0025.1, 2019.
Sun, J. L., Desjardins, R., Mahrt, L., and MacPherson, I.: Transport of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ozone by turbulence and local circulations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 25873–25885, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd02439, 1998.
Tang, G. Q., Liu, Y. T., Huang, X., Wang, Y. H., Hu, B., Zhang, Y. C., Song, T., Li, X. L., Wu, S., Li, Q. H., Kang, Y. Y., Zhu, Z. Y., Wang, M., Wang, Y. M., Li, T. T., Li, X., and Wang, Y. S.: Aggravated ozone pollution in the strong free convection boundary layer, Sci. Total Environ., 788, 147740, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147740, 2021.
Tang, Y. H., Lee, P., Tsidulko, M., Huang, H. C., McQueen, J. T., DiMego, G. J., Emmons, L. K., Pierce, R. B., Thompson, A. M., Lin, H. M., Kang, D. W., Tong, D., Yu, S. C., Mathur, R., Pleim, J. E., Otte, T. L., Pouliot, G., Young, J. O., Schere, K. L., Davidson, P. M., and Stajner, I.: The impact of chemical lateral boundary conditions on CMAQ predictions of tropospheric ozone over the continental United States, Environ. Fluid Mech., 9, 43–58, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-008-9092-5, 2009.
Tanimoto, H., Zbinden, R. M., Thouret, V., and Nedelec, P.: Consistency of tropospheric ozone observations made by different platforms and techniques in the global databases, Tellus B, 67, 27073, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.27073, 2015.
Tarasick, D., Galbally, I. E., Cooper, O. R., Schultz, M. G., Ancellet, G., Leblanc, T., Wallington, T. J., Ziemke, J., Liu, X., Steinbacher, M., Staehelin, J., Vigouroux, C., Hannigan, J. W., Garcia, O., Foret, G., Zanis, P., Weatherhead, E., Petropavlovskikh, I., Worden, H., Osman, M., Liu, J., Chang, K. L., Gaudel, A., Lin, M. Y., Granados-Munoz, M., Thompson, A. M., Oltmans, S. J., Cuesta, J., Dufour, G., Thouret, V., Hassler, B., Trickl, T., and Neu, J. L.: Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone from 1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertainties, Elem. Sci. Anth., 7, 39, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.376, 2019.
Telg, H., Murphy, D. M., Bates, T. S., Johnson, J. E., Quinn, P. K., Giardi, F., and Gao, R. S.: A practical set of miniaturized instruments for vertical profiling of aerosol physical properties, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 51, 715–723, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1296103, 2017.
Tirado, J., Torti, A. O., Butterworth, B. J., Wangen, K., Voon, A., Kies, B., Hupy, J. P., de Boer, G., Pierce, R. B., Wagner, T. J., and Cleary, P. A.: Observations of coastal dynamics during lake breeze at a shoreline impacted by high ozone, Environ. Sci.-Atmos., 3, 494–505, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00101B, 2023.
Verhoelst, T., Compernolle, S., Pinardi, G., Lambert, J.-C., Eskes, H. J., Eichmann, K.-U., Fjæraa, A. M., Granville, J., Niemeijer, S., Cede, A., Tiefengraber, M., Hendrick, F., Pazmiño, A., Bais, A., Bazureau, A., Boersma, K. F., Bognar, K., Dehn, A., Donner, S., Elokhov, A., Gebetsberger, M., Goutail, F., Grutter de la Mora, M., Gruzdev, A., Gratsea, M., Hansen, G. H., Irie, H., Jepsen, N., Kanaya, Y., Karagkiozidis, D., Kivi, R., Kreher, K., Levelt, P. F., Liu, C., Müller, M., Navarro Comas, M., Piters, A. J. M., Pommereau, J.-P., Portafaix, T., Prados-Roman, C., Puentedura, O., Querel, R., Remmers, J., Richter, A., Rimmer, J., Rivera Cárdenas, C., Saavedra de Miguel, L., Sinyakov, V. P., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Van Roozendael, M., Veefkind, J. P., Wagner, T., Wittrock, F., Yela González, M., and Zehner, C.: Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 481–510, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-481-2021, 2021.
Vermeuel, M. P., Novak, G. A., Alwe, H. D., Hughes, D. D., Kaleel, R., Dickens, A. F., Kenski, D., Czarnetzki, A. C., Stone, E. A., Stanier, C. O., Pierce, R. B., Millet, D. B., and Bertram, T. H.: Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NOx and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 10989–11006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030842, 2019.
Vermeuel, M. P., Cleary, P. A., Desai, A. R., and Bertram, T. H.: Simultaneous Measurements of O-3 and HCOOH Vertical Fluxes Indicate Rapid In-Canopy Terpene Chemistry Enhances O-3 Removal Over Mixed Temperate Forests, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, 2020gl090996, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090996, 2021.
Vermeuel, M. P., Novak, G. A., Kilgour, D. B., Claflin, M. S., Lerner, B. M., Trowbridge, A. M., Thom, J., Cleary, P. A., Desai, A. R., and Bertram, T. H.: Observations of biogenic volatile organic compounds over a mixed temperate forest during the summer to autumn transition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4123–4148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4123-2023, 2023.
Wagner, T. J., Czarnetzki, A. C., Christiansen, M., Pierce, R. B., Stanier, C. O., Dickens, A. F., and Eloranta, E. W.: Observations of the Development and Vertical Structure of the Lake Breeze Circulation During the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study, J. Atmos. Sci., 79, 1005–1020, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0297.1, 2022.
Wainwright, C. E., Bonin, T. A., Chilson, P. B., Gibbs, J. A., Fedorovich, E., and Palmer, R. D.: Methods for Evaluating the Temperature Structure-Function Parameter Using Unmanned Aerial Systems and Large-Eddy Simulation, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 155, 189–208, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-0001-9, 2015.
Wilson, K. L. and Birks, J. W.: Mechanism and elimination of a water vapor interference in the measurement of ozone by UV absorbance, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6361–6367, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052590c, 2006.
Witte, J. C., Thompson, A. M., Smit, H. G. J., Vomel, H., Posny, F., and Stubi, R.: First Reprocessing of Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes Profile Records: 3. Uncertainty in Ozone Profile and Total Column, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 3243–3268, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027791, 2018.
Wu, C., Liu, B., Wu, D., Yang, H. L., Mao, X., Tan, J., Liang, Y., Sun, J. Y., Xia, R., Sun, J. R., He, G. W., Li, M., Deng, T., Zhou, Z., and Li, Y. J.: Vertical profiling of black carbon and ozone using a multicopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in urban Shenzhen of South China, Sci. Total Environ., 801, 149689, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149689, 2021.
Wu, Y. L., Lin, C. H., Lai, C. H., Lai, H. C., and Young, C. Y.: Effects of Local Circulations, Turbulent Internal Boundary Layers, and Elevated Industrial Plumes on Coastal Ozone Pollution in the Downwind Kaohsiung Urban-Industrial Complex, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sc., 21, 343–357, https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2009.04.14.01(a), 2010.
Xu, Z. N., Huang, X., Nie, W., Shen, Y. C., Zheng, L. F., Xie, Y. N., Wang, T. Y., Ding, K., Liu, L. X., Zhou, D. R., Qi, X. M., and Ding, A. J.: Impact of Biomass Burning and Vertical Mixing of Residual-Layer Aged Plumes on Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta, China: A Tethered-Balloon Measurement and Modeling Study of a Multiday Ozone Episode, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 11786–11803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028994, 2018.
Ye, J., Batista, C. E., Zhao, T., Campos, J., Ma, Y., Guimarães, P., Ribeiro, I. O., Medeiros, A. S. S., Stewart, M. P., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Guenther, A. B., Souza, R. A. F. d., and Martin, S. T.: River Winds and Transport of Forest Volatiles in the Amazonian Riparian Ecoregion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 12667–12677, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c08460, 2022.
Zhang, J., Ninneman, M., Joseph, E., Schwab, M. J., Shrestha, B., and Schwab, J. J.: Mobile Laboratory Measurements of High Surface Ozone Levels and Spatial Heterogeneity During LISTOS 2018: Evidence for Sea Breeze Influence, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031961, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031961, 2020.
Zhang, K., Zhou, L., Fu, Q. Y., Yan, L., Bian, Q. G., Wang, D. F., and Xiu, G. L.: Vertical distribution of ozone over Shanghai during late spring: A balloon-borne observation, Atmos. Environ., 208, 48–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.03.011, 2019.
Short summary
The use of uncrewed aircraft systems (UASs) to conduct a vertical profiling of ozone and meteorological variables was evaluated using comparisons between tower or ground observations and UAS-based measurements. Changes to the UAS profiler showed an improvement in performance. The profiler was used to see the impact of Chicago pollution plumes on a shoreline area near Lake Michigan.
The use of uncrewed aircraft systems (UASs) to conduct a vertical profiling of ozone and...
