Articles | Volume 16, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5937-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5937-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Dec 2023
Research article |
| 13 Dec 2023
| 13 Dec 2023
Continuous observations from horizontally pointing lidar, weather parameters and PM2.5: a pre-deployment assessment for monitoring radioactive dust in Fukushima, Japan
Nofel Lagrosas
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
current address: School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
Kosuke Okubo
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
Hitoshi Irie
Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
Yutaka Matsumi
Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 456-0000, Japan
Tomoki Nakayama
Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 853-0000, Japan
Yutaka Sugita
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1194, Japan
Takashi Okada
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1194, Japan
Tatsuo Shiina
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
Related authors
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Avelino F. Arellano, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Christopher Castro, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Larry Di Girolamo, Glenn Franco Gacal, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Nofel Lagrosas, Hans Jarett Ong, James Bernard Simpas, Sherdon Niño Uy, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10579–10608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol and weather interactions in Southeast Asia are complex and understudied. An emerging aerosol climatology was established in Metro Manila, the Philippines, from aerosol particle physicochemical properties and meteorology, revealing five sources. Even with local traffic, transported smoke from biomass burning, aged dust, and cloud processing, background marine particles dominate and correspond to lower aerosol optical depth in Metro Manila compared to other Southeast Asian megacities.
Pradeep Khatri, Tamio Takamura, and Hitoshi Irie
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4074, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4074, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is important for various climate and weather studies, but difficult to monitor under various weather conditions. This study shows that surface-based spectral irradiance combined with deep neural network models can accurately estimate PWV under various atmospheric conditions. Models using global, direct, and diffuse irradiances performed best, while even global-only data gave reliable results.
Vimal Jose Vazhathara, Ravi Kumar Kunchala, Sajeev Philip, Jaswant Rathore, Dilip Ganguly, Sagnik Dey, Yutaka Matsumi, and Prabir K. Patra
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3538, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3538, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
To address the lack of continuous ground-based CO2 measurements in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, we started ground-based measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, for the very first time at Sonipat within IGP. Based on these measurements, we examined the seasonal and diurnal patterns of atmospheric CO2. We found that the interplay of anthropogenic emissions, biospheric fluxes, and prevailing meteorology contributes to the observed high seasonal and diurnal variability of atmospheric CO2.
Mizuo Kajino, Kentaro Ishijima, Joseph Ching, Kazuyo Yamaji, Rio Ishikawa, Tomoki Kajikawa, Tanbir Singh, Tomoki Nakayama, Yutaka Matsumi, Koyo Kojima, Taisei Machida, Takashi Maki, Prabir K. Patra, and Sachiko Hayashida
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7137–7160, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7137-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7137-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution in Delhi during the post-monsoon period is severe, and association with intensive crop residue burning (CRB) over Punjab state has attracted attention. However, the relationship has been unclear as the CRB emissions conventionally derived from satellites were underestimated due to clouds or thick smoke/haze over the region. We evaluated the impact of CRB on PM2.5 to be about 50 %, based on a combination of numerical modeling and an observation network using low-cost sensors we installed.
Yuhang Zhang, Huan Yu, Isabelle De Smedt, Jintai Lin, Nicolas Theys, Michel Van Roozendael, Gaia Pinardi, Steven Compernolle, Ruijing Ni, Fangxuan Ren, Sijie Wang, Lulu Chen, Jos Van Geffen, Mengyao Liu, Alexander M. Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, Alexis Merlaud, Martina M. Friedrich, Andreas Richter, Ankie Piters, Vinod Kumar, Vinayak Sinha, Thomas Wagner, Yongjoo Choi, Hisahiro Takashima, Yugo Kanaya, Hitoshi Irie, Robert Spurr, Wenfu Sun, and Lorenzo Fabris
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1561–1589, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1561-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1561-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an advanced algorithm for global retrieval of TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) HCHO and NO2 vertical column densities with much improved consistency. Sensitivity tests demonstrate the complexity and nonlinear interactions of auxiliary parameters in the air mass factor calculation. An improved agreement is found with measurements from a global ground-based instrument network. The scientific retrieval provides a useful source of information for studies combining HCHO and NO2.
Eunjo S. Ha, Rokjin J. Park, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, Gitaek T. Lee, Sieun D. Lee, Seunga Shin, Dong-Won Lee, Hyunkee Hong, Christophe Lerot, Isabelle De Smedt, Thomas Danckaert, Francois Hendrick, and Hitoshi Irie
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6369–6384, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6369-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6369-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we evaluated the GEMS glyoxal products by comparing them with TROPOMI and MAX-DOAS measurements. GEMS and TROPOMI VCDs present similar spatial distributions. Monthly variations in GEMS VCDs and TROPOMI and MAX-DOAS VCDs differ in northeastern Asia, which we attributed to a polluted reference spectrum and high NO2 concentrations. GEMS glyoxal products with unparalleled temporal resolution would enrich our understanding of VOC emissions and diurnal variation.
Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, Kengo Sudo, Hitoshi Irie, Yanfeng He, and Md Firoz Khan
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5545–5571, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5545-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5545-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using multi-platform observations, we validated global formaldehyde (HCHO) simulations from a chemistry transport model. HCHO is a crucial intermediate in the chemical catalytic cycle that governs the ozone formation in the troposphere. The model was capable of replicating the observed spatiotemporal variability in HCHO. In a few cases, the model's capability was limited. This is attributed to the uncertainties in the observations and the model parameters.
Drew C. Pendergrass, Daniel J. Jacob, Yujin J. Oak, Jeewoo Lee, Minseok Kim, Jhoon Kim, Seoyoung Lee, Shixian Zhai, Hitoshi Irie, and Hong Liao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-172, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-172, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Fine particles suspended in the atmosphere are a major form of air pollution and an important public health burden. However, measurements of particulate matter are sparse in space and in places like East Asia monitors are established after regulatory policies to improve pollution have changed. In this paper, we use machine learning to fill in the gaps. We train an algorithm to predict pollution at the surface from the atmosphere’s opacity, then produce high resolution maps of data without gaps.
Genevieve Rose Lorenzo, Avelino F. Arellano, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Christopher Castro, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Larry Di Girolamo, Glenn Franco Gacal, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Nofel Lagrosas, Hans Jarett Ong, James Bernard Simpas, Sherdon Niño Uy, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10579–10608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol and weather interactions in Southeast Asia are complex and understudied. An emerging aerosol climatology was established in Metro Manila, the Philippines, from aerosol particle physicochemical properties and meteorology, revealing five sources. Even with local traffic, transported smoke from biomass burning, aged dust, and cloud processing, background marine particles dominate and correspond to lower aerosol optical depth in Metro Manila compared to other Southeast Asian megacities.
Ka Lok Chan, Pieter Valks, Klaus-Peter Heue, Ronny Lutz, Pascal Hedelt, Diego Loyola, Gaia Pinardi, Michel Van Roozendael, François Hendrick, Thomas Wagner, Vinod Kumar, Alkis Bais, Ankie Piters, Hitoshi Irie, Hisahiro Takashima, Yugo Kanaya, Yongjoo Choi, Kihong Park, Jihyo Chong, Alexander Cede, Udo Frieß, Andreas Richter, Jianzhong Ma, Nuria Benavent, Robert Holla, Oleg Postylyakov, Claudia Rivera Cárdenas, and Mark Wenig
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1831–1870, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1831-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1831-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the theoretical basis as well as verification and validation of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) daily and monthly level-3 products.
Alessandro Damiani, Hitoshi Irie, Dmitry A. Belikov, Shuei Kaizuka, Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, and Raul R. Cordero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12705–12726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the variabilities in tropospheric gases and aerosols within the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. Beyond highlighting air quality changes caused by the pandemic during the lockdown, we found that the degree of weekly cycling of most gases and aerosols was enhanced during the whole of 2020. The changes were unprecedented in recent years and potentially related to coincident reduced mobility in Japan, which, in contrast to other countries, was anomalously low on weekends in 2020.
Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, Kengo Sudo, Hitoshi Irie, Alessandro Damiani, Manish Naja, and Al Mashroor Fatmi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12559–12589, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12559-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12559-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are essential trace graces regulating tropospheric ozone chemistry. These trace constituents are measured using an optical passive remote sensing technique. In addition, NO2 and HCHO are simulated with a computer model and evaluated against the observations. Such evaluations are essential to assess model uncertainties and improve their predictability. The results yielded good agreement between the two datasets with some discrepancies.
Yange Deng, Hiroaki Fujinari, Hikari Yai, Kojiro Shimada, Yuzo Miyazaki, Eri Tachibana, Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, Kimitaka Kawamura, Tomoki Nakayama, Shiori Tatsuta, Mingfu Cai, Hanbing Xu, Fei Li, Haobo Tan, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, Akinori Takami, Shiro Hatakeyama, and Michihiro Mochida
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5515–5533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5515-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5515-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Offline analyses of the hygroscopicity and composition of atmospheric aerosols are complementary to online analyses in view of the applicability to broader sizes, specific compound groups, and investigations at remote sites. This offline study characterized the composition of water-soluble matter in aerosols and their humidity-dependent hygroscopicity on Okinawa, a receptor site of East Asian outflow. Further, comparison with online analyses showed the appropriateness of the offline method.
Pradeep Khatri, Tadahiro Hayasaka, Hitoshi Irie, Husi Letu, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Hiroshi Ishimoto, and Tamio Takamura
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1967–1982, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1967-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1967-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud properties observed by the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) onboard the Global Change Observation Mission – Climate (GCOM-C) satellite are evaluated using surface observation data. The study finds that SGLI-observed cloud properties are qualitative enough, although water cloud properties are suggested to be more qualitative, and both water and ice cloud properties can reproduce surface irradiance quite satisfactorily. Thus, SGLI cloud products are very useful for different studies.
Christophe Lerot, François Hendrick, Michel Van Roozendael, Leonardo M. A. Alvarado, Andreas Richter, Isabelle De Smedt, Nicolas Theys, Jonas Vlietinck, Huan Yu, Jeroen Van Gent, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Jean-François Müller, Pieter Valks, Diego Loyola, Hitoshi Irie, Vinod Kumar, Thomas Wagner, Stefan F. Schreier, Vinayak Sinha, Ting Wang, Pucai Wang, and Christian Retscher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7775–7807, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Global measurements of glyoxal tropospheric columns from the satellite instrument TROPOMI are presented. Such measurements can contribute to the estimation of atmospheric emissions of volatile organic compounds. This new glyoxal product has been fully characterized with a comprehensive error budget, with comparison with other satellite data sets as well as with validation based on independent ground-based remote sensing glyoxal observations.
Hossain M. S. Hoque, Kengo Sudo, Hitoshi Irie, Alessandro Damiani, and Al Mashroor Fatmi
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-815, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-815, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) profiles, retrieved from remote sensing observations, are used to evaluate the global chemistry transport model CHASER. Overall, CHASER has demonstrated good skills in reproducing the seasonal climatology of NO2 and HCHO on a local scale at sites in South and East Asia. Around mountainous terrains, the model performs better on a regional scale. The improved spatial resolution of CHASER can likely reduce the observed discrepancies in the datasets.
Isabelle De Smedt, Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, Steven Compernolle, Alkis Bais, Nuria Benavent, Folkert Boersma, Ka-Lok Chan, Sebastian Donner, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Pascal Hedelt, François Hendrick, Hitoshi Irie, Vinod Kumar, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Bavo Langerock, Christophe Lerot, Cheng Liu, Diego Loyola, Ankie Piters, Andreas Richter, Claudia Rivera Cárdenas, Fabian Romahn, Robert George Ryan, Vinayak Sinha, Nicolas Theys, Jonas Vlietinck, Thomas Wagner, Ting Wang, Huan Yu, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12561–12593, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper assess the performances of the TROPOMI formaldehyde observations compared to its predecessor OMI at different spatial and temporal scales. We also use a global network of MAX-DOAS instruments to validate both satellite datasets for a large range of HCHO columns. The precision obtained with daily TROPOMI observations is comparable to monthly OMI observations. We present clear detection of weak HCHO column enhancements related to shipping emissions in the Indian Ocean.
Jun Zhou, Kei Sato, Yu Bai, Yukiko Fukusaki, Yuka Kousa, Sathiyamurthi Ramasamy, Akinori Takami, Ayako Yoshino, Tomoki Nakayama, Yasuhiro Sadanaga, Yoshihiro Nakashima, Jiaru Li, Kentaro Murano, Nanase Kohno, Yosuke Sakamoto, and Yoshizumi Kajii
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12243–12260, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12243-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12243-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
HO2 radicals play key roles in tropospheric chemistry, their levels in ambient air not yet fully explained by sophisticated models. Here we measured HO2 uptake kinetics onto ambient aerosols in real time using a self-built online system and investigated the impacting factors on such processes by coupling with other instrumentations. The role of the HO2 uptake process in O3 formation is also discussed. Results give useful information for coordinated control of aerosol and ozone pollutants.
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Pradeep Khatri, Atsushi Shimizu, Hitoshi Irie, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2235–2264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares performance of aerosol representation methods of the Japan Meteorological Agency's regional-scale nonhydrostatic meteorology–chemistry model (NHM-Chem). It indicates separate treatment of sea salt and dust in coarse mode and that of light-absorptive and non-absorptive particles in fine mode could provide accurate assessments on aerosol feedback processes.
Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Henk J. Eskes, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Ann Mari Fjæraa, José Granville, Sander Niemeijer, Alexander Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, François Hendrick, Andrea Pazmiño, Alkiviadis Bais, Ariane Bazureau, K. Folkert Boersma, Kristof Bognar, Angelika Dehn, Sebastian Donner, Aleksandr Elokhov, Manuel Gebetsberger, Florence Goutail, Michel Grutter de la Mora, Aleksandr Gruzdev, Myrto Gratsea, Georg H. Hansen, Hitoshi Irie, Nis Jepsen, Yugo Kanaya, Dimitris Karagkiozidis, Rigel Kivi, Karin Kreher, Pieternel F. Levelt, Cheng Liu, Moritz Müller, Monica Navarro Comas, Ankie J. M. Piters, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Thierry Portafaix, Cristina Prados-Roman, Olga Puentedura, Richard Querel, Julia Remmers, Andreas Richter, John Rimmer, Claudia Rivera Cárdenas, Lidia Saavedra de Miguel, Valery P. Sinyakov, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Michel Van Roozendael, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Thomas Wagner, Folkard Wittrock, Margarita Yela González, and Claus Zehner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 481–510, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-481-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-481-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports on the ground-based validation of the NO2 data produced operationally by the TROPOMI instrument on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. Tropospheric, stratospheric, and total NO2 columns are compared to measurements collected from MAX-DOAS, ZSL-DOAS, and PGN/Pandora instruments respectively. The products are found to satisfy mission requirements in general, though negative mean differences are found at sites with high pollution levels. Potential causes are discussed.
Gaia Pinardi, Michel Van Roozendael, François Hendrick, Nicolas Theys, Nader Abuhassan, Alkiviadis Bais, Folkert Boersma, Alexander Cede, Jihyo Chong, Sebastian Donner, Theano Drosoglou, Anatoly Dzhola, Henk Eskes, Udo Frieß, José Granville, Jay R. Herman, Robert Holla, Jari Hovila, Hitoshi Irie, Yugo Kanaya, Dimitris Karagkiozidis, Natalia Kouremeti, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Jianzhong Ma, Enno Peters, Ankie Piters, Oleg Postylyakov, Andreas Richter, Julia Remmers, Hisahiro Takashima, Martin Tiefengraber, Pieter Valks, Tim Vlemmix, Thomas Wagner, and Folkard Wittrock
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6141–6174, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6141-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6141-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We validate several GOME-2 and OMI tropospheric NO2 products with 23 MAX-DOAS and 16 direct sun instruments distributed worldwide, highlighting large horizontal inhomogeneities at several sites affecting the validation results. We propose a method for quantification and correction. We show the application of such correction reduces the satellite underestimation in almost all heterogeneous cases, but a negative bias remains over the MAX-DOAS and direct sun network ensemble for both satellites.
Cited articles
Allott, R. W., Kelly, M., and Hewitt, C. N.: Behavior of urban dust contaminated by Chernobyl fallout: environmental half-lives and transfer coefficients, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 2142–2147, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00035a011, 1992. a
Burgos, M., Andrews, E., Titos, G., Alados-Arboledas, L., Baltensperger, U., Day, D., Jefferson, A., Kalivitis, N., Mihalopoulos, N., Sherman, S., Sun, J., Weingartner, E., and Zieger, P.: A global view on the effect of water uptake on aerosol particle light scattering, Scientific Data, 6, 157, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0158-7, 2019. a
Burton, S. P., Hair, J. W., Kahnert, M., Ferrare, R. A., Hostetler, C. A., Cook, A. L., Harper, D. B., Berkoff, T. A., Seaman, S. T., Collins, J. E., Fenn, M. A., and Rogers, R. R.: Observations of the spectral dependence of linear particle depolarization ratio of aerosols using NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13453–13473, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13453-2015, 2015. a
Campbell, J. R., Hlavka, D. L., Welton, E. J., Flynn, C. J., Turner, D. D., Spinhirne, J. D., Scott, V. S., and Hwang, I. H.: Full-Time, Eye-Safe Cloud and Aerosol Lidar Observation at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Sites: Instruments and Data Processing, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 19, 431–442, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0431:FTESCA>2.0.CO;2, 2002. a
Chen, J., Li, Z., Lv, M., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Yan, X., Sun, Y., and Cribb, M.: Aerosol hygroscopic growth, contributing factors, and impact on haze events in a severely polluted region in northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1327–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1327-2019, 2019. a
Cheng, Z., Ma, X., He, Y., Jiang, J., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Sheng, L., Hu, J., and Yan, N.: Mass extinction efficiency and extinction hygroscopicity of ambient PM2.5 in urban China, Environ. Res., 156, 239–246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.022, 2017. a, b
Cigánková, H., Mikuška, P., Hegrová, J., Pokorná, P., Schwarz, J., and Krajčovič, J.: Seasonal Variation and Sources of Elements in Urban Submicron and Fine Aerosol in Brno, Czech Republic, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 21, 200556, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.09.0556, 2021. a
Comerón, A., Rodríguez-Gómez, A., Sicard, M., Barragán, R., Muñoz-Porcar, C., Rocadenbosch, F., and Granados-Muñoz, M.: Considerations about the Determination of the Depolarization Calibration Profile of a Two-Telescope Lidar and Its Implications for Volume Depolarization Ratio Retrieval, Sensors, 18, 1807, https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061807, 2018. a
Damiani, A., Irie, H., Yamaguchi, K., Hoque, H. M. S., Nakayama, T., Matsumi, Y., Kondo, Y., and Silva, A. D.: Variabilities in PM2.5 and black carbon surface concentrations reproduced by aerosol optical properties estimated by in-situ data, ground based remote sensing and modeling, Remote Sens., 13, 3163, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163163, 2021. a
Dawson, K., Ferrare, R., Moore, R., Clayton, M., Thorsen, T., and Eloranta, E.: Ambient aerosol hygroscopic growth from combined Raman lidar and HSRL, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031708, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031708, 2020. a
Düsing, S., Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Corbin, J. C., Denjean, C., Gysel-Beer, M., Müller, T., Poulain, L., Siebert, H., Spindler, G., Tuch, T., Wehner, B., and Wiedensohler, A.: Measurement report: Comparison of airborne, in situ measured, lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the central European background – identifying sources of deviations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16745–16773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16745-2021, 2021. a
Freudenthaler, V., Esselborn, M., Wiegner, M., Heese, B., Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Wirth, M., Fix, A., Ehret, G., Knippertz, P., Toledano, C., Gasteiger, J., Garhammer, M., and Seefeldner, M.: Depolarization ratio profiling at several wavelengths in pure Saharan dust during SAMUM 2006, Tellus B, 61, 165–179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00396.x, 2009. a
Fukagawa, S., Kuze, H., Bagtasa, G., Naito, S., Yabuki, M., Takamura, T., and Takeuchi, N.: Characterization of seasonal variation of tropospheric aerosols in Chiba, Japan, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2160–2168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.056, 2006. a, b, c, d
Gramsch, E., Ormeño, I., Palma, G., Cereceda-Balic, F., and Oyola, P.: Use of the light absorption coefficient to monitor elemental carbon and PM2.5-Example of Santiago de Chile, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 54, 799–808, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2004.10470956, 2004. a
Groß, S., Tesche, M., Freudenthaler, V., Toledano, C., Wiegner, M., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., and Seefeldner, M.: Characterization of Saharan dust, marine aerosols and mixtures of biomass-burning aerosols and dust by means of multi-wavelength depolarization and Raman lidar measurements during SAMUM 2, Tellus B, 63, 706–724, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00556.x, 2011. a
Gusmão, G. F., Barbosa, C. R. H., and Raposo, A. B.: Development and Validation of LiDAR Sensor Simulators Based on Parallel Raycasting, Sensors, 20, 7186, https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247186, 2020. a
Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Gasteiger, J., Kandler, K., Althausen, D., Baars, H., Radenz, M., and Farrell, D. A.: Dry versus wet marine particle optical properties: RH dependence of depolarization ratio, backscatter, and extinction from multiwavelength lidar measurements during SALTRACE, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14199–14217, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14199-2017, 2017. a, b, c, d
Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Toledano, C., Torres, B., Althausen, D., Radenz, M., and Wandinger, U.: First triple-wavelength lidar observations of depolarization and extinction-to-backscatter ratios of Saharan dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 355–369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-355-2022, 2022. a, b
Hanfi, M. Y., Yarmoshenko, I. V., and Zhukovsky, M. V.: Assessment of radiation dose from inhalation of outdoor dust containing natural radionuclides, Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 196, 184–189, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab148, 2021. a
Hashimoto, M., Nakajima, T., Dubovik, O., Campanelli, M., Che, H., Khatri, P., Takamura, T., and Pandithurai, G.: Development of a new data-processing method for SKYNET sky radiometer observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2723–2737, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2723-2012, 2012. a
Hidaka, T., Kasuga, H., Kakamu, T., Endo, S., Masuishi, Y., and Fukushima, T.: Concerns related to returning home to a “difficult-to-return zone” after a long-term evacuation due to Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident: A qualitative study, PLOS ONE, 17, e0273684, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273684, 2022. a
Huang, Z., Shen, X., Tang, S., Zhou, T., Dong, Q., Zhang, S., Li, M., and Wang, Y.: Simulated depolarization ratios for dust and smoke at laser wavelengths: implications for lidar application, Opt. Express, 31, 10541, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.484335, 2023. a
Humphries, R. S., Keywood, M. D., Ward, J. P., Harnwell, J., Alexander, S. P., Klekociuk, A. R., Hara, K., McRobert, I. M., Protat, A., Alroe, J., Cravigan, L. T., Miljevic, B., Ristovski, Z. D., Schofield, R., Wilson, S. R., Flynn, C. J., Kulkarni, G. R., Mace, G. G., McFarquhar, G. M., Chambers, S. D., Williams, A. G., and Griffiths, A. D.: Measurement report: Understanding the seasonal cycle of Southern Ocean aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3749–3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, 2023. a
Jain, S., Sharma, S., Vijayan, N., and Mandal, T.: Seasonal characteristics of aerosols (PM2.5 and PM10) and their source apportionment using PMF: A four year study over Delhi, India, Environ. Pollut., 262, 114337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114337, 2020. a
Jefferson, A., Hageman, D., Morrow, H., Mei, F., and Watson, T.: Seven years of aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth measurements from SGP: Factors influencing water uptake, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 9451–9466, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026804, 2017. a
Jung, C. H., Yoon, Y. J., Um, J., Lee, S. S., Han, K. M., Shin, H. J., Lee, J. Y., and Kim, Y. P.: Approximated expression of the hygroscopic growth factor for polydispersed aerosols, J. Aerosol Sci., 151, 105670, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105670, 2021. a, b
Kahnert, M., Kanngießer, F., Järvinen, E., and Schnaiter, M.: Aerosol-optics model for the backscatter depolarisation ratio of mineral dust particles, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 254, 107177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107177, 2020. a
Kawai, K., Kai, K., Jin, Y., Sugimoto, N., and Batdorj, D.: Lidar Network Observation of Dust Layer Development over the Gobi Desert in Association with a Cold Frontal System on 22–23 May 2013, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. Ser. II, 96, 255–268, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2018-023, 2018. a
Kim, S.-W., Berthier, S., Raut, J.-C., Chazette, P., Dulac, F., and Yoon, S.-C.: Validation of aerosol and cloud layer structures from the space-borne lidar CALIOP using a ground-based lidar in Seoul, Korea, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3705–3720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3705-2008, 2008. a
Kong, L., Xin, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, K., Tang, G., Zhang, W., and Wang, Y.: The PM2.5 threshold for aerosol extinction in the Beijing megacity, Atmos. Environ., 167, 458–465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.047, 2017. a
Kunz, G. J. and de Leeuw, G.: Inversion of lidar signals with the slope method, Appl. Optics, 32, 3249, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.32.003249, 1993. a
Lagrosas, N., Kuze, H., Takeuchi, N., Fukagawa, S., Bagtasa, G., Yoshii, Y., Naito, S., and Yabuki, M.: Correlation study between suspended particulate matter and portable automated lidar data, J. Aerosol Sci., 36, 439–454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.10.007, 2005. a
Lagrosas, N., Bagtasa, G., Manago, N., and Kuze, H.: Influence of ambient relative humidity on seasonal trends of the scattering enhancement factor for aerosols in Chiba, Japan, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 19, 1856–1871, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.07.0267, 2019. a, b
Latimer, R. N. C. and Martin, R. V.: Interpretation of measured aerosol mass scattering efficiency over North America using a chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2635–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2635-2019, 2019. a
Liu, H., Pei, X., Zhang, F., Song, Y., Kuang, B., Xu, Z., and Wang, Z.: Relative Humidity Dependence of Growth Factor and Real Refractive Index for Sea Salt/Malonic Acid Internally Mixed Aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 128, e2022JD037579, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037579, 2023. a
Lou, C., Liu, H., Li, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, J., and Dai, L.: Relationships of relative humidity with PM2.5 and PM10 in the Yangtze River Delta, China, Environ. Monit. Assess., 189, 582, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6281-z, 2017. a
Makar, P., Gong, W., Milbrandt, J., Hogrefe, C., Zhang, Y., Curci, G., Žabkar, R., Im, U., Balzarini, A., Baró, R., Bianconi, R., Cheung, P., Forkel, R., Gravel, S., Hirtl, M., Honzak, L., Hou, A., Jiménez-Guerrero, P., Langer, M., Moran, M., Pabla, B., Pérez, J., Pirovano, G., José, R. S., Tuccella, P., Werhahn, J., Zhang, J., and Galmarini, S.: Feedbacks between air pollution and weather, Part 1: Effects on weather, Atmos. Environ., 115, 442–469, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.003, 2015. a
Makar, P. A., Akingunola, A., Chen, J., Pabla, B., Gong, W., Stroud, C., Sioris, C., Anderson, K., Cheung, P., Zhang, J., and Milbrandt, J.: Forest-fire aerosol–weather feedbacks over western North America using a high-resolution, online coupled air-quality model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10557–10587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10557-2021, 2021. a
Mao, Q., Huang, C., Zhang, H., Chen, Q., and Yuan, Y.: Aerosol optical properties and radiative effect under different weather conditions in Harbin, China, Infrared Phys. Techn., 89, 304–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2018.01.024, 2018. a
Matsuo, M., Taira, Y., Orita, M., Yamada, Y., Ide, J., Yamashita, S., and Takamura, N.: Evaluation of Environmental Contamination and Estimated Radiation Exposure Dose Rates among Residents Immediately after Returning Home to Tomioka Town, Fukushima Prefecture, Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. He., 16, 1481, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091481, 2019. a, b
Mei, L., Guan, P., Yang, Y., and Kong, Z.: Atmospheric extinction coefficient retrieval and validation for the single-band Mie-scattering Scheimpflug lidar technique, Opt. Express, 25, A628, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.00A628, 2017. a
Ming, Y. and Russell, L. M.: Predicted hygroscopic growth of sea salt aerosol, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 28259–28274, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000454, 2001. a
Nakajima, T., Campanelli, M., Che, H., Estellés, V., Irie, H., Kim, S.-W., Kim, J., Liu, D., Nishizawa, T., Pandithurai, G., Soni, V. K., Thana, B., Tugjsurn, N.-U., Aoki, K., Go, S., Hashimoto, M., Higurashi, A., Kazadzis, S., Khatri, P., Kouremeti, N., Kudo, R., Marenco, F., Momoi, M., Ningombam, S. S., Ryder, C. L., Uchiyama, A., and Yamazaki, A.: An overview of and issues with sky radiometer technology and SKYNET, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4195–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4195-2020, 2020. a
Nakayama, T., Matsumi, Y., Kawahito, K., and Watabe, Y.: Development and evaluation of a palm-sized optical PM2.5 sensor, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 52, 2–12, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1375078, 2018. a, b
Noh, Y. M., Müller, D., Mattis, I., Lee, H., and Kim, Y. J.: Vertically resolved light-absorption characteristics and the influence of relative humidity on particle properties: Multiwavelength Raman lidar observations of East Asian aerosol types over Korea, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D06206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014873, 2011. a
Ong, P. M., Lagrosas, N., Shiina, T., and Kuze, H.: Surface aerosol properties studied using a near-horizontal lidar, Atmosphere, 11, 36, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010036, 2019. a, b, c
Orikasa, N., Saito, A., Yamashita, K., Tajiri, T., Zaizen, Y., Kuo, T.-H., Kuo, W.-C., and Murakami, M.: Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Focused on Cloud Condensation Nuclei and Ice Nucleating Particles from Ground-Based Observations in Tsukuba, Japan, SOLA, 16, 212–219, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2020-036, 2020. a
Pappalardo, G., Amodeo, A., Apituley, A., Comeron, A., Freudenthaler, V., Linné, H., Ansmann, A., Bösenberg, J., D'Amico, G., Mattis, I., Mona, L., Wandinger, U., Amiridis, V., Alados-Arboledas, L., Nicolae, D., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET: towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2389–2409, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2389-2014, 2014. a
Qi, S., Huang, Z., Ma, X., Huang, J., Zhou, T., Zhang, S., Dong, Q., Bi, J., and Shi, J.: Classification of atmospheric aerosols and clouds by use of dual-polarization lidar measurements, Opt. Express, 29, 23461, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.430456, 2021. a
Reggente, M., Dillner, A. M., and Takahama, S.: Analysis of functional groups in atmospheric aerosols by infrared spectroscopy: systematic intercomparison of calibration methods for US measurement network samples, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2287–2312, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2287-2019, 2019. a
Sakai, T., Orikasa, N., Nagai, T., Murakami, M., Kusunoki, K., Mori, K., Hashimoto, A., Matsumura, T., and Shibata, T.: Optical and microphysical properties of upper clouds measured with the Raman lidar and hydrometeor videosonde: A case study on 29 March 2004 over Tsukuba, Japan, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2156–2166, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3736.1, 2006. a
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, 3rd edn., Wiley, ISBN 9781118947401, 2016. a
Shiina, T., Peng, Z., Okada, T., Sugita, Y., Yokozawa, T., and Shinozaki, T.: Distribution estimation of radioactivity concentration by compact polarization lidar in Fukushima, in: Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing XIV, edited by: Singh, U. N. and Tzeremes, G. D., International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, vol. 10791, 107910C, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2325600, 2018. a, b
Shingler, T., Sorooshian, A., Ortega, A., Crosbie, E., Wonaschütz, A., Perring, A. E., Beyersdorf, A., Ziemba, L., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano‐Jost, P., Mikoviny, T., Wisthaler, A., and Russell, L. M.: Ambient observations of hygroscopic growth factor and f(RH) below 1: Case studies from surface and airborne measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 13661–13677, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025471, 2016. a
Skupin, A., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Seifert, P., and Müller, T.: Four-year long-path monitoring of ambient aerosol extinction at a central European urban site: dependence on relative humidity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1863–1876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1863-2016, 2016. a, b
Takagi, M., Tanaka, A., and Nakayama, S. F.: Estimation of the radiation dose via indoor dust in the Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures, 150–200 km south from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, Chemosphere, 236, 124778, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124778, 2019. a
Tang, I. N., Tridico, A. C., and Fung, K. H.: Thermodynamic and optical properties of sea salt aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 23269–23275, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01806, 1997. a, b
Tang, M., Chan, C. K., Li, Y. J., Su, H., Ma, Q., Wu, Z., Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Ge, M., Hu, M., He, H., and Wang, X.: A review of experimental techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12631–12686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12631-2019, 2019. a, b
Valentin, J.: Guide for the Practical Application of the ICRP Human Respiratory Tract Model, Ann. ICRP, 32, 13–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6453(03)00011-3, 2002. a
Vu, T. V., Shi, Z., and Harrison, R. M.: Estimation of hygroscopic growth properties of source-related sub-micrometre particle types in a mixed urban aerosol, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 4, 21, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00175-w, 2021. a
Wang, J. and Ogawa, S.: Effects of Meteorological Conditions on PM2.5 Concentrations in Nagasaki, Japan, Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. He., 12, 9089–9101, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120809089, 2015. a
Wang, N., Zhang, K., Shen, X., Wang, Y., Li, J., Li, C., Mao, J., Malinka, A., Zhao, C., Russell, L. M., Guo, J., Gross, S., Liu, C., Yang, J., Chen, F., Wu, L., Chen, S., Ke, J., Xiao, D., Zhou, Y., Fang, J., and Liu, D.: Dual-field-of-view high-spectral-resolution lidar: Simultaneous profiling of aerosol and water cloud to study aerosol–cloud interaction, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2110756119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110756119, 2022. a
Whiteman, D., Melfi, S. H., McGee, T. J., Ferrare, R. A., Butler, J. J., and Burris, J.: Lidar Data Validation Techniques, Optica Publishing Group, WD21, https://doi.org/10.1364/ORSA.1990.WD21, 1990. a
Xiafukaiti, A., Lagrosas, N., Ong, P. M., Saitoh, N., Shiina, T., and Kuze, H.: Comparison of aerosol properties derived from sampling and near-horizontal lidar measurements using Mie scattering theory, Appl. Optics, 59, 8014, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.398673, 2020. a, b, c
Xu, X., Xie, J., Li, Y., Miao, S., and Fan, S.: Measurement report: Vehicle-based multi-lidar observational study of the effect of meteorological elements on the three-dimensional distribution of particles in the western Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 139–153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-139-2022, 2022. a
Yamauchi, M.: Secondary wind transport of radioactive materials after the Fukushima accident, Earth Planets Space, 64, e1–e4, https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2012.01.002, 2012. a
Yang, Q., Yuan, Q., Yue, L., Li, T., Shen, H., and Zhang, L.: The relationships between PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) in mainland China: About and behind the spatio-temporal variations, Environ. Pollut., 248, 526–535, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.071, 2019. a
Yao, L., Kong, S., Zheng, H., Chen, N., Zhu, B., Xu, K., Cao, W., Zhang, Y., Zheng, M., Cheng, Y., Hu, Y., Zhang, Z., Yan, Y., Liu, D., Zhao, T., Bai, Y., and Qi, S.: Co-benefits of reducing PM2.5 and improving visibility by COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 4, 40, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00195-6, 2021. a
Zalakeviciute, R., López-Villada, J., and Rybarczyk, Y.: Contrasted Effects of Relative Humidity and Precipitation on Urban PM2.5 Pollution in High Elevation Urban Areas, Sustainability, 10, 2064, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10062064, 2018. a
Zhang, Z., Liu, L., Wang, B., Tan, H., Lan, C., Wang, Y., and Chan, P.: Impact of aerosol mixing state and hygroscopicity on the lidar ratio, Remote Sens., 14, 1554, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071554, 2022. a
Zieger, P., Weingartner, E., Henzing, J., Moerman, M., de Leeuw, G., Mikkilä, J., Ehn, M., Petäjä, T., Clémer, K., van Roozendael, M., Yilmaz, S., Frieß, U., Irie, H., Wagner, T., Shaiganfar, R., Beirle, S., Apituley, A., Wilson, K., and Baltensperger, U.: Comparison of ambient aerosol extinction coefficients obtained from in-situ, MAX-DOAS and LIDAR measurements at Cabauw, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2603–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2603-2011, 2011. a, b
Zieger, P., Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Effects of relative humidity on aerosol light scattering: results from different European sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10609–10631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10609-2013, 2013. a, b, c
Zieger, P., Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Poulain, L., Müller, T., Birmili, W., Spindler, G., Wiedensohler, A., Baltensperger, U., and Weingartner, E.: Influence of water uptake on the aerosol particle light scattering coefficients of the Central European aerosol, Tellus B, 66, 22716, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.22716, 2014. a
Short summary
This work examines the near-ground aerosol–weather relationship from 7-month continuous lidar and weather observations in Chiba, Japan. Optical parameters from lidar data are compared with weather parameters to understand and quantify the aerosol–weather relationship and how these optical parameters are affected by the weather and season. The results provide insights into analyzing optical properties of radioactive aerosols when the lidar system is continuously operated in a radioactive area.
This work examines the near-ground aerosol–weather relationship from 7-month continuous lidar...
