Articles | Volume 15, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1795-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1795-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 25 Mar 2022
| 25 Mar 2022
LED-based solar simulator to study photochemistry over a wide temperature range in the large simulation chamber AIDA
Magdalena Vallon
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Linyu Gao
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Feng Jiang
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Bianca Krumm
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Jens Nadolny
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Junwei Song
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Thomas Leisner
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Related authors
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and mountain environments. We do a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between the chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Feng Jiang, Junwei Song, Jonas Bauer, Linyu Gao, Magdalena Vallon, Reiner Gebhardt, Thomas Leisner, Stefan Norra, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14971–14986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied brown carbon aerosol during typical summer and winter periods in downtown Karlsruhe in southwestern Germany. The chromophore and chemical composition of brown carbon was determined by excitation–emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The chromophore types and sources were substantially different in winter and summer. Humic-like chromophores of different degrees of oxidation dominated and were associated with molecules of different molecular weight and nitrogen content.
Linyu Gao, Junwei Song, Claudia Mohr, Wei Huang, Magdalena Vallon, Feng Jiang, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6001–6020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We study secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from β-caryophyllene (BCP) ozonolysis with and without nitrogen oxides over 213–313 K in the simulation chamber. The yields and the rate constants were determined at 243–313 K. Chemical compositions varied at different temperatures, indicating a strong impact on the BCP ozonolysis pathways. This work helps to better understand the SOA from BCP ozonolysis for conditions representative of the real atmosphere from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere.
Alexander Böhmländer, Larissa Lacher, David Brus, Konstantinos-Matthaios Doulgeris, Zoé Brasseur, Matthew Boyer, Joel Kuula, Thomas Leisner, and Ottmar Möhler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3959–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3959-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3959-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds and aerosol are important for weather and climate. Typically, pure water cloud droplets stay liquid until around −35 °C, unless they come into contact with ice-nucleating particles (INPs). INPs are a rare subset of aerosol particles. Using uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is possible to collect aerosol particles and analyse their ice-nucleating ability. This study describes the test and validation of a sampling set-up that can be used to collect aerosol particles onto a filter.
Farhan R. Nursanto, Douglas A. Day, Roy Meinen, Rupert Holzinger, Harald Saathoff, Jinglan Fu, Jan Mulder, Ulrike Dusek, and Juliane L. Fry
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3051–3072, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3051-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3051-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
It is of increasing importance to monitor nitrate pollution that can harm ecosystems. However, commonly used aerosol monitoring equipment cannot distinguish inorganic from organic forms of nitrate, which may have different consequences for the environment. We describe a method to differentiate types of nitrates that can be applied to ambient monitoring to improve understanding of its formation and impact.
Simone Brunamonti, Harald Saathoff, Albert Hertzog, Glenn Diskin, Masatomo Fujiwara, Karen Rosenlof, Ottmar Möhler, Béla Tuzson, Lukas Emmenegger, Nadir Amarouche, Georges Durry, Fabien Frérot, Jean-Christophe Samake, Claire Cenac, Julio Lopez, Paul Monnier, and Mélanie Ghysels
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1029, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1029, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas and accurate measurements of its concentration in the upper atmosphere (~8–25 km altitude) are crucial for reliable climate predictions. We investigated the performance of four airborne hygrometers, deployed on aircraft or stratospheric balloon platforms and based on different techniques, in a climate simulation chamber. The results demonstrate the high accuracy and reliability of the involved sensors for atmospheric monitoring and research applications.
Marco Zanatta, Pia Bogert, Patrick Ginot, Yiwei Gong, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour, Yaqiong Hu, Feng Jiang, Paolo Laj, Yanxia Li, Claudia Linke, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Franziska Vogel, and Robert Wagner
Aerosol Research Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2025-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2025-12, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for AR
Short summary
Short summary
Back carbon is an atmospheric pollutant from combustion, contributes to the Arctic warming. However, its properties change as it travels through the atmosphere, affecting its impact. We recreated Arctic transport conditions in a laboratory to study how black carbon evolves over time. Our findings show that temperature and altitude strongly influence its transformation, providing key insights for improving climate models and understanding Arctic pollution.
Ahmed Abdelmonem, Dana Glikman, Yiwei Gong, Björn Braunschweig, Harald Saathoff, Johannes Lützenkirchen, and Mohammed H. Fawey
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1233, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1233, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how environmental factors (sunlight, pH, salinity, and surface chemistry) affect air-water interface reactions. Using a surface-specific technique, sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, we found that compounds like 4-BBA not only act as photosensitizers but also generate new surface-active products under UV light. These reactions have implications for oceans, lakes, and clouds, providing crucial insights for modeling natural processes.
Linyu Gao, Imad Zgheib, Evangelos Stergiou, Cecilie Carstens, Félix Sari Doré, Michel Dupanloup, Frederic Bourgain, Sebastien Perrier, and Matthieu Riva
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1072, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1072, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we introduce WALL-E, a newly designed Wall-Free Particle Evaporator that enables real-time, online aerosol analysis while minimizing wall interactions and fragmentation, offering a more accurate and efficient approach to studying aerosol properties. WALL-E provides molecular-level insights into aerosol composition, quantification, and volatility distributions.
Alexander Böhmländer, Larissa Lacher, Romy Fösig, Nicole Büttner, Jens Nadolny, David Brus, Konstantinos-Matthaios Doulgeris, and Ottmar Möhler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-89, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-89, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud-aerosol interactions lead to a phase change of water droplets inside the atmosphere. One of these interactions happens due to a small subset of aerosols, ice-nucleating particles (INPs). These INPs lead to the freezing of pure water droplets above −35 °C, which otherwise would stay liquid. This has impacts on the weather and climate. The present data set presents a unique data set with a high temporal resolution.
Alexander Julian Böhmländer, Larissa Lacher, Kristina Höhler, David Brus, Konstantinos-Matthaios Doulgeris, Jessica Girdwood, Thomas Leisner, and Ottmar Möhler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-87, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds play a key role in weather and climate. Pure liquid water droplets are liquid until about -35 °C without the presence of a small subset of aerosols, ice-nucleating particles (INPs). These INPs lead to primary ice formation and therefore impact the phase of clouds. The dataset described herein provides INP concentration measurements at two altitudes. Connecting this data to synoptic conditions and ambient data might provide a better understanding of INPs in Finnish Lapland.
Feng Jiang, Harald Saathoff, Uzoamaka Ezenobi, Junwei Song, Hengheng Zhang, Linyu Gao, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1917–1930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1917-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1917-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of brown carbon in the particle and gas phase was determined by mass spectrometry. BrC in the gas phase was mainly controlled by secondary formation and particle-to-gas partitioning. BrC in the particle phase was mainly from secondary formation. This work helps to get a better understanding of diurnal variations and the sources of brown carbon aerosol at a rural location in central Europe.
Junwei Song, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Ralf Tillmann, Nicolas Brüggemann, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13199–13217, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and organic aerosol (OA) particles were measured online in a stressed spruce-dominated forest. OA was mainly attributed to the monoterpene oxidation products. The mixing ratios of BVOCs were higher than the values previously measured in other temperate forests. The results demonstrate that BVOCs are influenced not only by meteorology and biogenic emissions but also by local anthropogenic emissions and subsequent chemical transformation processes.
Franziska Vogel, Michael P. Adams, Larissa Lacher, Polly B. Foster, Grace C. E. Porter, Barbara Bertozzi, Kristina Höhler, Julia Schneider, Tobias Schorr, Nsikanabasi S. Umo, Jens Nadolny, Zoé Brasseur, Paavo Heikkilä, Erik S. Thomson, Nicole Büttner, Martin I. Daily, Romy Fösig, Alexander D. Harrison, Jorma Keskinen, Ulrike Proske, Jonathan Duplissy, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Ottmar Möhler, and Benjamin J. Murray
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11737–11757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Primary ice formation in clouds strongly influences their properties; hence, it is important to understand the sources of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and their variability. We present 2 months of INP measurements in a Finnish boreal forest using a new semi-autonomous INP counting device based on gas expansion. These results show strong variability in INP concentrations, and we present a case that the INPs we observe are, at least some of the time, of biological origin.
Xiaoli Shen, David M. Bell, Hugh Coe, Naruki Hiranuma, Fabian Mahrt, Nicholas A. Marsden, Claudia Mohr, Daniel M. Murphy, Harald Saathoff, Johannes Schneider, Jacqueline Wilson, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Alla Zelenyuk, Paul J. DeMott, Ottmar Möhler, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10869–10891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) is commonly used to measure the chemical composition and mixing state of aerosol particles. Intercomparison of SPMS instruments was conducted. All instruments reported similar size ranges and common spectral features. The instrument-specific detection efficiency was found to be more dependent on particle size than type. All differentiated secondary organic aerosol, soot, and soil dust but had difficulties differentiating among minerals and dusts.
Hengheng Zhang, Wei Huang, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Junwei Song, Olga Kiseleva, Christopher Claus Holst, Basit Khan, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10617–10637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study unravels how stagnant winter conditions elevate aerosol levels in Stuttgart. Cloud cover at night plays a pivotal role, impacting morning air quality. Validating a key model, our findings aid accurate air quality predictions, crucial for effective pollution mitigation in urban areas.
Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Feng Jiang, Linyu Gao, Hengheng Zhang, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6699–6717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents concurrent online measurements of organic gas and particles (VOCs and OA) at a forested site in summer. Both VOCs and OA were largely contributed by oxygenated organic compounds. Semi-volatile oxygenated OA and organic nitrate formed from monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes contributed significantly to nighttime particle growth. The results help us to understand the causes of nighttime particle growth regularly observed in summer in central European rural forested environments.
Hengheng Zhang, Christian Rolf, Ralf Tillmann, Christian Wesolek, Frank Gunther Wienhold, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Aerosol Research, 2, 135–151, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study employs advanced tools, including scanning lidar, balloons, and UAVs, to explore aerosol particles in the atmosphere. The scanning lidar offers distinctive near-ground-level insights, enriching our comprehension of aerosol distribution from ground level to the free troposphere. This research provides valuable data for comparing remote sensing and in situ aerosol measurements, advancing our understanding of aerosol impacts on radiative transfer, clouds, and air quality.
Elise K. Wilbourn, Larissa Lacher, Carlos Guerrero, Hemanth S. K. Vepuri, Kristina Höhler, Jens Nadolny, Aidan D. Pantoya, Ottmar Möhler, and Naruki Hiranuma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5433–5456, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient ice particles were measured at terrestrial and temperate marine sites. Ice particles were more abundant in the former site, while the fraction of ice particles relative to total ambient particles, representing atmospheric ice nucleation efficiency, was higher in the latter site. Ice nucleation parameterizations were developed as a function of examined freezing temperatures from two sites for our study periods (autumn).
Johanna S. Seidel, Alexei A. Kiselev, Alice Keinert, Frank Stratmann, Thomas Leisner, and Susan Hartmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5247–5263, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds often contain several thousand times more ice crystals than aerosol particles catalyzing ice formation. This phenomenon, commonly known as ice multiplication, is often explained by secondary ice formation due to the collisions between falling ice particles and droplets. In this study, we mimic this riming process. Contrary to earlier experiments, we found no efficient ice multiplication, which fundamentally questions the importance of the rime-splintering mechanism.
Larissa Lacher, Michael P. Adams, Kevin Barry, Barbara Bertozzi, Heinz Bingemer, Cristian Boffo, Yannick Bras, Nicole Büttner, Dimitri Castarede, Daniel J. Cziczo, Paul J. DeMott, Romy Fösig, Megan Goodell, Kristina Höhler, Thomas C. J. Hill, Conrad Jentzsch, Luis A. Ladino, Ezra J. T. Levin, Stephan Mertes, Ottmar Möhler, Kathryn A. Moore, Benjamin J. Murray, Jens Nadolny, Tatjana Pfeuffer, David Picard, Carolina Ramírez-Romero, Mickael Ribeiro, Sarah Richter, Jann Schrod, Karine Sellegri, Frank Stratmann, Benjamin E. Swanson, Erik S. Thomson, Heike Wex, Martin J. Wolf, and Evelyn Freney
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2651–2678, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles that trigger ice formation in clouds are important for the climate system but are very rare in the atmosphere, challenging measurement techniques. Here we compare three cloud chambers and seven methods for collecting aerosol particles on filters for offline analysis at a mountaintop station. A general good agreement of the methods was found when sampling aerosol particles behind a whole air inlet, supporting their use for obtaining data that can be implemented in models.
Feng Jiang, Kyla Siemens, Claudia Linke, Yanxia Li, Yiwei Gong, Thomas Leisner, Alexander Laskin, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2639–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the optical properties, chemical composition, and formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) from the oxidation of indole with and without NO2 in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) simulation chamber. This work is one of the very few to link the optical properties and chemical composition of indole SOA with and without NO2 by simulation chamber experiments.
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and mountain environments. We do a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between the chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Yiwei Gong, Feng Jiang, Yanxia Li, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 167–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-167-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the role of the important atmospheric reactive intermediates in the formation of dimers and aerosol in monoterpene ozonolysis at different temperatures. Through conducting a series of chamber experiments and utilizing chemical kinetic and aerosol dynamic models, the SOA formation processes are better described, especially for colder regions. The results can be used to improve the chemical mechanism modeling of monoterpenes and SOA parameterization in transport models.
Mohit Singh, Stephanie Helen Jones, Alexei Kiselev, Denis Duft, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5205–5215, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a novel method for simultaneous measurement of the viscosity and surface tension of metastable liquids. Our approach is based on the phase analysis of excited shape oscillations in levitated droplets. It is applicable to a wide range of atmospheric conditions and can monitor changes in real time. The technique holds great promise for investigating the effect of atmospheric processing on the viscosity and surface tension of solution droplets in equilibrium with water vapour.
Robert Wagner, Alexander D. James, Victoria L. Frankland, Ottmar Möhler, Benjamin J. Murray, John M. C. Plane, Harald Saathoff, Ralf Weigel, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6789–6811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. They can consist of different chemical species, including crystalline nitric acid hydrates. We found that mineral dust or meteoric ablation material can efficiently catalyse the formation of a specific phase of nitric acid dihydrate crystals. We determined predominant particle shapes and infrared optical properties of these crystals, which are important inputs for remote sensing detection of PSCs.
Kara D. Lamb, Jerry Y. Harrington, Benjamin W. Clouser, Elisabeth J. Moyer, Laszlo Sarkozy, Volker Ebert, Ottmar Möhler, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6043–6064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6043-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6043-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how ice grows directly from vapor in cirrus clouds by comparing observations of populations of ice crystals growing in a cloud chamber against models developed in the context of single-crystal laboratory studies. We demonstrate that previous discrepancies between different experimental measurements do not necessarily point to different physical interpretations but are rather due to assumptions that were made in terms of how experiments were modeled in previous studies.
Feng Jiang, Junwei Song, Jonas Bauer, Linyu Gao, Magdalena Vallon, Reiner Gebhardt, Thomas Leisner, Stefan Norra, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14971–14986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied brown carbon aerosol during typical summer and winter periods in downtown Karlsruhe in southwestern Germany. The chromophore and chemical composition of brown carbon was determined by excitation–emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The chromophore types and sources were substantially different in winter and summer. Humic-like chromophores of different degrees of oxidation dominated and were associated with molecules of different molecular weight and nitrogen content.
Fritz Waitz, Martin Schnaiter, Thomas Leisner, and Emma Järvinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7087–7103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Riming, i.e., the accretion of small droplets on the surface of ice particles via collision, is one of the major uncertainties in model prediction of mixed-phase clouds. We discuss the occurrence (up to 50% of particles) and aging of rimed ice particles and show correlations of the occurrence and the degree of riming with ambient meteorological parameters using data gathered by the Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering (PHIPS) probe during three airborne in situ field campaigns.
Linyu Gao, Junwei Song, Claudia Mohr, Wei Huang, Magdalena Vallon, Feng Jiang, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6001–6020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We study secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from β-caryophyllene (BCP) ozonolysis with and without nitrogen oxides over 213–313 K in the simulation chamber. The yields and the rate constants were determined at 243–313 K. Chemical compositions varied at different temperatures, indicating a strong impact on the BCP ozonolysis pathways. This work helps to better understand the SOA from BCP ozonolysis for conditions representative of the real atmosphere from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere.
Zoé Brasseur, Dimitri Castarède, Erik S. Thomson, Michael P. Adams, Saskia Drossaart van Dusseldorp, Paavo Heikkilä, Kimmo Korhonen, Janne Lampilahti, Mikhail Paramonov, Julia Schneider, Franziska Vogel, Yusheng Wu, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Nina S. Atanasova, Dennis H. Bamford, Barbara Bertozzi, Matthew Boyer, David Brus, Martin I. Daily, Romy Fösig, Ellen Gute, Alexander D. Harrison, Paula Hietala, Kristina Höhler, Zamin A. Kanji, Jorma Keskinen, Larissa Lacher, Markus Lampimäki, Janne Levula, Antti Manninen, Jens Nadolny, Maija Peltola, Grace C. E. Porter, Pyry Poutanen, Ulrike Proske, Tobias Schorr, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, János Stenszky, Annele Virtanen, Dmitri Moisseev, Markku Kulmala, Benjamin J. Murray, Tuukka Petäjä, Ottmar Möhler, and Jonathan Duplissy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5117–5145, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The present measurement report introduces the ice nucleation campaign organized in Hyytiälä, Finland, in 2018 (HyICE-2018). We provide an overview of the campaign settings, and we describe the measurement infrastructure and operating procedures used. In addition, we use results from ice nucleation instrument inter-comparison to show that the suite of these instruments deployed during the campaign reports consistent results.
Lucía Caudillo, Birte Rörup, Martin Heinritzi, Guillaume Marie, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Tatjana Müller, Manuel Granzin, Antonio Amorim, Farnoush Ataei, Rima Baalbaki, Barbara Bertozzi, Zoé Brasseur, Randall Chiu, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Loïc Gonzalez Carracedo, Xu-Cheng He, Victoria Hofbauer, Weimeng Kong, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan P. Lee, Brandon Lopez, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Ruby Marten, Dario Massabò, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Ugo Molteni, Antti Onnela, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Meredith Schervish, Wiebke Scholz, Benjamin Schulze, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Yuri Stozhkov, Mihnea Surdu, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Ping Tian, António Tomé, Steffen Vogt, Mingyi Wang, Dongyu S. Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Wang Yonghong, Wu Yusheng, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Kristina Höhler, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Neil M. Donahue, Andreas Kürten, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17099–17114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed experiments in the CLOUD chamber at CERN at low temperatures to simulate new particle formation in the upper free troposphere (at −30 ºC and −50 ºC). We measured the particle and gas phase and found that most of the compounds present in the gas phase are detected as well in the particle phase. The major compounds in the particles are C8–10 and C18–20. Specifically, we showed that C5 and C15 compounds are detected in a mixed system with isoprene and α-pinene at −30 ºC, 20 % RH.
Larissa Lacher, Hans-Christian Clemen, Xiaoli Shen, Stephan Mertes, Martin Gysel-Beer, Alireza Moallemi, Martin Steinbacher, Stephan Henne, Harald Saathoff, Ottmar Möhler, Kristina Höhler, Thea Schiebel, Daniel Weber, Jann Schrod, Johannes Schneider, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16925–16953, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16925-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16925-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate ice-nucleating particle properties at Jungfraujoch during the 2017 joint INUIT/CLACE field campaign, to improve the knowledge about those rare particles in a cloud-relevant environment. By quantifying ice-nucleating particles in parallel to single-particle mass spectrometry measurements, we find that mineral dust and aged sea spray particles are potential candidates for ice-nucleating particles. Our findings are supported by ice residual analysis and source region modeling.
Ulrich Platt, Thomas Wagner, Jonas Kuhn, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6867–6883, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6867-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6867-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Absorption spectroscopy of scattered sunlight is extremely useful for the analysis of atmospheric trace gas distributions. A central parameter for the achievable sensitivity of spectroscopic instruments is the light throughput, which can be enhanced in a number of ways. We present new ideas and considerations of how instruments could be optimized. Particular emphasis is on arrays of massively parallel instruments. Such arrays can reduce the size and weight of instruments by orders of magnitude.
Julia Schneider, Kristina Höhler, Robert Wagner, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Tobias Schorr, Isabelle Steinke, Stefan Benz, Manuel Baumgartner, Christian Rolf, Martina Krämer, Thomas Leisner, and Ottmar Möhler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14403–14425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Homogeneous freezing is a relevant mechanism for the formation of cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere. Based on an extensive set of homogeneous freezing experiments at the AIDA chamber with aqueous sulfuric acid aerosol, we provide a new fit line for homogeneous freezing onset conditions of sulfuric acid aerosol focusing on cirrus temperatures. In the atmosphere, homogeneous freezing thresholds have important implications on the cirrus cloud occurrence and related cloud radiative effects.
Naruki Hiranuma, Brent W. Auvermann, Franco Belosi, Jack Bush, Kimberly M. Cory, Dimitrios G. Georgakopoulos, Kristina Höhler, Yidi Hou, Larissa Lacher, Harald Saathoff, Gianni Santachiara, Xiaoli Shen, Isabelle Steinke, Romy Ullrich, Nsikanabasi S. Umo, Hemanth S. K. Vepuri, Franziska Vogel, and Ottmar Möhler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14215–14234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14215-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14215-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present laboratory and field studies showing that an open-lot livestock facility is a substantial source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs). The ambient concentration of INPs from livestock facilities in Texas is very high. It is up to several thousand INPs per liter below –20 °C and may impact regional aerosol–cloud interactions. About 50% of feedlot INPs were supermicron in diameter. No notable amount of known ice-nucleating microorganisms was found in our feedlot samples.
Alexei A. Kiselev, Alice Keinert, Tilia Gaedeke, Thomas Leisner, Christoph Sutter, Elena Petrishcheva, and Rainer Abart
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11801–11814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11801-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11801-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Alkali feldspar is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust and is often present in mineral dust aerosols that are responsible for the formation of rain and snow in clouds. However, the cloud droplets containing pure potassium-rich feldspar would not freeze unless cooled down to a very low temperature. Here we show that partly replacing potassium with sodium would induce fracturing of feldspar, exposing a crystalline surface that could initiate freezing at higher temperature.
Hengheng Zhang, Frank Wagner, Harald Saathoff, Heike Vogel, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour, Vanessa Bachmann, Jochen Förstner, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-193, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-193, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The evolution and the properties of Saharan dust plume were characterized by LIDARs, a sun photometer, and a regional transport model. Comparison between LIDAR measurements, sun photometer and ICON-ART predictions shows a good agreement for dust arrival time, dust layer height, and dust structure but also that the model overestimates the backscatter coefficients by a factor of (2.2 ± 0.16) and underestimate aerosol optical depth by a factor of (1.5 ± 0.11).
Barbara Bertozzi, Robert Wagner, Junwei Song, Kristina Höhler, Joschka Pfeifer, Harald Saathoff, Thomas Leisner, and Ottmar Möhler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10779–10798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10779-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10779-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Internally mixed particles composed of sulfate and organics are among the most abundant aerosol types. Their ice nucleation (IN) ability influences the formation of cirrus and, thus, the climate. We show that the presence of a thin organic coating suppresses the heterogeneous IN ability of crystalline ammonium sulfate particles. However, the IN ability of the same particle can substantially change if subjected to atmospheric processing, mainly due to differences in the resulting morphology.
Fritz Waitz, Martin Schnaiter, Thomas Leisner, and Emma Järvinen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3049–3070, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3049-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3049-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A major challenge in the observations of mixed-phase clouds remains the phase discrimination and sizing of cloud droplets and ice crystals, especially for particles with diameters smaller than 0.1 mm. Here, we present a new method to derive the phase and size of single cloud particles using their angular-light-scattering information. Comparisons with other in situ instruments in three case studies show good agreement.
Julia Schneider, Kristina Höhler, Paavo Heikkilä, Jorma Keskinen, Barbara Bertozzi, Pia Bogert, Tobias Schorr, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Franziska Vogel, Zoé Brasseur, Yusheng Wu, Simo Hakala, Jonathan Duplissy, Dmitri Moisseev, Markku Kulmala, Michael P. Adams, Benjamin J. Murray, Kimmo Korhonen, Liqing Hao, Erik S. Thomson, Dimitri Castarède, Thomas Leisner, Tuukka Petäjä, and Ottmar Möhler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3899–3918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3899-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3899-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
By triggering the formation of ice crystals, ice-nucleating particles (INP) strongly influence cloud formation. Continuous, long-term measurements are needed to characterize the atmospheric INP variability. Here, a first long-term time series of INP spectra measured in the boreal forest for more than 1 year is presented, showing a clear seasonal cycle. It is shown that the seasonal dependency of INP concentrations and prevalent INP types is driven by the abundance of biogenic aerosol.
Robert Wagner, Baptiste Testa, Michael Höpfner, Alexei Kiselev, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Jörn Ungermann, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1977–1991, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1977-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1977-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the Asian summer monsoon period, air pollutants are transported from layers near the ground to high altitudes of 13 to 18 km in the atmosphere. Infrared measurements have shown that particles composed of solid ammonium nitrate are a major part of these pollutants. To enable the quantitative analysis of the infrared spectra, we have determined for the first time accurate optical constants of ammonium nitrate for the low-temperature conditions of the upper atmosphere.
Ottmar Möhler, Michael Adams, Larissa Lacher, Franziska Vogel, Jens Nadolny, Romy Ullrich, Cristian Boffo, Tatjana Pfeuffer, Achim Hobl, Maximilian Weiß, Hemanth S. K. Vepuri, Naruki Hiranuma, and Benjamin J. Murray
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1143–1166, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1143-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1143-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth's climate is influenced by clouds, which are impacted by ice-nucleating particles (INPs), a minor fraction of atmospheric aerosols. INPs induce ice formation in clouds and thus often initiate precipitation formation. The Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE) is the first fully automated instrument to study cloud ice formation and to obtain long-term records of INPs. This is a timely development, and the capabilities it offers for research and atmospheric monitoring are significant.
Michael Krayer, Agathe Chouippe, Markus Uhlmann, Jan Dušek, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We address the phenomenon of ice enhancement in the vicinity of warm hydrometeors using highly accurate flow simulation techniques. It is found that the transiently supersaturated zones induced by the hydrometeor's wake are by far larger than what has been previously estimated. The ice enhancement is quantified on the micro- and macroscale, and its relevance is discussed. The results provided may contribute to a (currently unavailable) parametrization of the phenomenon.
Alexei Korolev and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11767–11797, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11767-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11767-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary ice production (SIP) plays a key role in the formation of ice particles in tropospheric clouds. This work presents a critical review of the laboratory studies related to secondary ice production. It aims to identify gaps in our knowledge of SIP as well as to stimulate further laboratory studies focused on obtaining a quantitative description of efficiencies for each SIP mechanism.
Isabelle Steinke, Naruki Hiranuma, Roger Funk, Kristina Höhler, Nadine Tüllmann, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Peter G. Weidler, Ottmar Möhler, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11387–11397, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11387-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11387-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we highlight the potential impact of particles from certain terrestrial sources on the formation of ice crystals in clouds. In particular, we focus on biogenic particles consisting of various organic compounds, which makes it very difficult to predict the ice nucleation properties of complex ambient particles. We find that these ambient particles are often more ice active than individual components.
Cited articles
Aregahegn, K. Z., Nozière, B., and George, C.: Organic aerosol formation
photo-enhanced by the formation of secondary photosensitizers in aerosols,
Faraday Discuss., 165, 123–134, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fd00044c, 2013.
Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Hampson, R. F., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Rossi, M. J., and Troe, J.: Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume I – gas phase reactions of Ox, HOx, NOx and SOx species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1461–1738, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-1461-2004, 2004.
Baltrusaitis, J., Schuttlefield, J., Jensen, J. H., and Grassian, V. H.: FTIR
spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations to investigate
adsorbed nitrate on aluminium oxide surfaces in the presence and absence of
co-adsorbed water, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 9, 4970–4980, https://doi.org/10.1039/b705189a, 2007.
Bartl, J. and Baranek, M.: Emissivity of aluminium and its importance for
radiometric measurement, Meas. Sci. Rev., 4, 31–36, 2004.
Bohn, B. and Zilken, H.: Model-aided radiometric determination of photolysis frequencies in a sunlit atmosphere simulation chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 191–206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-191-2005, 2005.
Bouzidi, H., Fittschen, C., Coddeville, P., and Tomas, A.: Photolysis of
2,3-pentanedione and 2,3-hexanedione: Kinetics, quantum yields, and product
study in a simulation chamber, Atmos. Environ., 82, 250–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.039, 2014.
Bouzidi, H., Djehiche, M., Gierczak, T., Morajkar, P., Fittschen, C.,
Coddeville, P., and Tomas, A.: Low-Pressure Photolysis of 2,3-Pentanedione in
Air: Quantum Yields and Reaction Mechanism, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 119, 12781–12789, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09448, 2015.
Campo, E., Ferreira, V., Escudero, A., Marqués, J. C., and Cacho, J.:
Quantitative gas chromatography-olfactometry and chemical quantitative study
of the aroma of four Madeira wines, Anal. Chim. Acta, 563, 180–187,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.035, 2006.
Chen, J., Zhang, H., Tomov, I. V., Wolfsberg, M., Ding, X., and Rentzepis, P.
M.: Transient structures and kinetics of the ferrioxalate redox reaction
studied by time-resolved EXAFS, optical spectroscopy, and DFT, J. Phys.
Chem. A, 111, 9326–9335, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0733466, 2007.
Chen, J., Zhang, H., Tomov, I. V., and Rentzepis, P. M.: Electron transfer
mechanism and photochemistry of ferrioxalate induced by excitation in the
charge transfer band, Inorg. Chem., 47, 2024–2032, https://doi.org/10.1021/ic7016566,
2008.
Christoffersen, T. S., Hjorth, J., Horie, O., Jensen, N. R., Kotzias, D.,
Molander, L. L., Neeb, P., Ruppert, L., Winterhalter, R., Virkkula, A.,
Wirtz, K., and Larsen, B. R.: Cis-pinic acid, a possible precursor for organic
aerosol formation from ozonolysis of α-pinene, Atmos. Environ., 32,
1657–1661, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00448-2, 1998.
Ciuraru, R., Fine, L., Pinxteren, M. V., D'Anna, B., Herrmann, H., and George, C.:
Unravelling New Processes at Interfaces: Photochemical Isoprene Production
at the Sea Surface, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 13199–13205, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02388, 2015.
Clegg, S. L., Brimblecombe, P., and Wexler, A. S.: A thermodynamic model of the
system H+-NH4+-SO42−-NO3−-H2O at tropospheric temperatures,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 2137–2154, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp973042r, 1998.
Cooper, G. D. and DeGraff, B. A.: Photochemistry of the ferrioxalate system, J.
Phys. Chem., 75, 2897–2902, 1971.
Extended AIM Aerosol Thermodynamics Model:
http://www.aim.env.uea.ac.uk/aim/aim.php, last access: 31 January 2022.
Fankhauser A. M., Bourque, M., Almazan, J., Marin, D., Fernandez, L.,
Hutheesing, R., Ferdousi, N., Tsui, W. G., and McNeill, V. F.: Impact of
Environmental Conditions on Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from
Photosensitized Humic Acid, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 5385–5390,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07485, 2020.
Fenaroli, G. and Burdock G. A.: Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients, 4th edn., CRC press, Boca Raton, 1411–1412, , ISBN 0-8493-0946-8, 2002.
Fu, H., Ciuraru, R., Dupart, Y., Passananti, M., Tinel, L., Rossignol, S.,
Perrier, S., Donaldson, J. D., Chen, J., and George, C.: Photosensitized
Production of Atmospherically Reactive Organic Compounds at the Air/Aqueous
Interface, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 137, 8348–8351, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b04051, 2015.
George, C., Ammann, M., D'Anna, B., Donaldson, D. J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.:
Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Atmosphere, Chem. Rev., 115, 4218–4258,
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500648z, 2015.
Goldstein, A. H. and Galbally, I. E.: Known and unexplored organic constituents
in the earth's atmosphere, Eviron. Sci. Technol., 41, 1514–1421, https://doi.org/10.1021/es072476p, 2007.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Hartmann, D., Karthäuser, J., Sawerysyn, J. P., and Zellner, R.: Kinetics
and H2O Product Yield of the Reaction C2H5O + O2 between 295 and 411 K,
Ber. Bunsen. Phys. Chem., 94, 639–645, https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19900940604,
1990.
Harvey, R. B., Stedmann, D. H., and Chameides, W.: Determination of the Absolute
Rate of Solar Photolysis of NO2, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 27,
663–666, https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1977.10470469, 1977.
Herrmann, H., Schaefer, T., Tilgner, A., Styler, S. A., Weller, C., Teich,
M., and Otto, T.: Tropospheric Aqueous-Phase Chemistry: Kinetics, Mechanisms,
and Its Coupling to a Changing Gas Phase, Chem. Rev., 115, 4259–4334, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500447k, 2015.
Holmes, J. R., O'Brien, R. J., Crabtree, J. H., Hecht, T. A., and Seinfeld, J.
H.: Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation Intensity in Photochemical Smog
Studies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 7, 519–523, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60078a002, 1973.
Kampf, C. J., Filippi, A., Zuth, C., Hoffmann, T., and Opatz, T.: Secondary
brown carbon formation via the dicarbonyl imine pathway: nitrogen
heterocycle formation and synergistic effects, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 18,
18353–18364, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP03029G, 2016.
Kercher, J. P., Fogleman, E. A., Koizumi, H., Sztáray, B., and Baer, T.:
Heats of formation of the propionyl ion and radical and 2,3-pentanedione by
threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. A,
109, 939–946, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0458497, 2005.
Lehtipalo, K., Yan, C., Dada, L., Bianchi, F., Xiao, M., Wagner, R.,
Stolzenburg, D., Ahonen, L. R., Amorim, A., Baccarini, A., Bauer P. S.,
Baumgartner, B., Bergen, A., Bernhammer, A.-K., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke,
S., Buchholz, A., Stephany Buenrostro Mazon, S., Chen, D., Chen, X., Dias,
A., Dommen, J., Draper, D. C., Duplissy, J., Ehn, M., Finkenzeller, H.,
Fischer, L., Frege, C., Fuchs, C., Garmash, O., Gordon, H., Hakala, J., He,
X., Heikkinen, L., Zeinritzi, M., Helm, J. C., Hofbauer, V., Hoyle, C. R.,
Jokinen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Kerminen, V.-M., Kim, C., Kirkby, J.,
Kontkanen, J., Kürten, A., Lawler, M. J., Mai, H., Mathot, S., Mauldin
R. L., Molteni, U., Nichman, L., Nie, W., Nieminen, T., Ojdanic, A., Onnela,
A., Passananti, M., Petäjä, T., Piel, F., Pospisilova, V.,
Quéléver, L. L. J., Rissanen, M. P., Rose, C., Sarnela, N.,
Schallhart, S., Schuchmann, S., Sengupta, K., Simon, M., Sipilä, M.,
Tauber, C., Tomé, A., Tröstl, J., Väisänen, O., Vogel, A.
L., Volkamer, R., Wagner, A. C., Wang, M., Weitz, L., Wimmer, D., Ye, P.,
Ylisirniö, A., Zha, Q., Carslaw, K. S., Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M.,
Flagan, R. C., Hansel, A., Riipinen, I., Virtanen, A., Winkler, P. M.,
Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Multicomponent new particle
formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors, Sci. Adv., 4, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau5363, 2018.
Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Mohr, C., Ehn, M., Rubach, F., Kleist, E., Wildt, J., Mentel, Th. F., Lutz, A., Hallquist, M., Worsnop, D., and Thornton, J. A.: A novel method for online analysis of gas and particle composition: description and evaluation of a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 983–1001, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-983-2014, 2014.
Mack, J. and Bolton J. R.: Photochemistry of nitrite and nitrate in aqueous
solution: a review, J. Photoch. Photobio. A, 128, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(99)00155-0, 1999.
Memarian, H. R., Bagheri, M., and Döpp, D.: Synthesis and photochemistry of
novel 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. II [1], Monatsh. Chem.,
135, 833–838, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-003-0139-5, 2004.
Mitsunobu, O., Matsumoto, S., Wada, M., and Masuda, H.: Photooxidation of
1,4-Dihydropyridines, B. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 45,
1453–1457, 1972.
Möhler, O., Stetzer, O., Schaefers, S., Linke, C., Schnaiter, M., Tiede, R., Saathoff, H., Krämer, M., Mangold, A., Budz, P., Zink, P., Schreiner, J., Mauersberger, K., Haag, W., Kärcher, B., and Schurath, U.: Experimental investigation of homogeneous freezing of sulphuric acid particles in the aerosol chamber AIDA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 211–223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-211-2003, 2003.
Monge, M. E., Rosenørn, T., Favez, O., Müller, M., Adler, G., Riziq,
A. A., Rudich, Y., Herrmann, H., George, C., and D'Anna, B.: Alternative pathway
for atmospheric particles growth, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 6840–6844, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1120593109, 2012.
Müller, L., Reinnig, M.-C., Naumann, K. H., Saathoff, H., Mentel, T. F., Donahue, N. M., and Hoffmann, T.: Formation of 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid via gas phase oxidation of pinonic acid – a mass spectrometric study of SOA aging, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1483–1496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1483-2012, 2012.
Navea, J. G. and Grassian, V. H.: Photochemistry of Atmospheric Particles,
in: Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, edited by: Wandelt, K., Elsevier, 553–562,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.13210-X, 2018.
Paulsen, D., Dommen, J., Kalberer, M., Prévôt, A. S. H., Richter, R.,
Sax, M., Steinbacher, M., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Secondary
organic aerosol formation by irradiation of 1,3,5-
trimethylbenzene-NOx-H2O in a new reaction chamber for atmospheric
chemistry and physics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 2668–2678, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0489137, 2005.
Pavlovic, T. and Ignatiev, A.: Optical and microstructural properties of
anodically oxidized aluminium, Thin Solid Films, 138, 97–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(86)90220-8, 1986.
Peng, Z. and Jimenez, J. L.: KinSim: A Research-Grade, User-Friendly, Visual
Kinetics Simulator for Chemical-Kinetics and Environmental-Chemistry
Teaching, J. Chem. Educ., 96, 806–811, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00033,
2019.
Platt, S. M., El Haddad, I., Zardini, A. A., Clairotte, M., Astorga, C., Wolf, R., Slowik, J. G., Temime-Roussel, B., Marchand, N., Ježek, I., Drinovec, L., Močnik, G., Möhler, O., Richter, R., Barmet, P., Bianchi, F., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline vehicle emissions in a new mobile environmental reaction chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9141–9158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9141-2013, 2013.
Pozdnyakov, I. P., Kel, O. V., Plyusnin, V. F., Grivin, V. P., and Bazhin, N.
M.: New insight into photochemistry of ferrioxalate, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112,
8316–8322, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8040583, 2008.
Reeser, D. I., George, C., and Donaldson, D. J.: Photooxidation of halides by
chlorophyll at the air-salt water interface, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113,
8591–8595, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp903657j, 2009.
Ren, Y., Grosselin, B., Daële, V., and Mellouki, A.: Investigation of the
reaction of ozone with isoprene, methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone using
the HELIOS chamber, Faraday Discuss., 200, 289–311, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00014f,
2017.
Rohrer, F., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Brüning, D., Johnen, F. J., Wahner,
A., and Kleffmann, J.: Characterisation of the photolytic HONO-source in the
atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2189–2201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2189-2005, 2005.
Romano, A., Capozzi, V., Spano, G., and Biasioli, F.: Proton transfer
reaction–mass spectrometry: online and rapid determination of volatile
organic compounds of microbial origin, Appl. Microbiol. Biot., 99,
3787–3795, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6528-y, 2015.
Rossignol, S., Aregahegn, K. Z., Tinel, L., Fine, L., Nozière, B., and
George, C.: Glyoxal induced atmospheric photosensitized chemistry leading to
organic aerosol growth, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 3218–3227, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405581g, 2014.
Rubasinghege, G. and Grassian, V. H.: Photochemistry of adsorbed nitrate on
aluminum oxide particle surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. A, 27, 7818–7825, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp902252s, 2009.
Saathoff, H., Möhler, O., Schurath, U., Kamm, S., Dippel, B., and
Mihelcic, D.: The AIDA soot aerosol characterisation campaign 1999, J. Aerosol
Sci., 34, 1277–1296, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00363-X, 2003.
Saathoff, H., Naumann, K.-H., Möhler, O., Jonsson, Å. M., Hallquist, M., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Mentel, Th. F., Tillmann, R., and Schurath, U.: Temperature dependence of yields of secondary organic aerosols from the ozonolysis of α-pinene and limonene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1551–1577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1551-2009, 2009.
Scaiano, J. C.: Temperature dependence of the photochemistry of
o-methylacetophenone. A laser flash photolysis study, Chem. Phys. Lett.,
73, 319–322, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(80)80381-2, 1980.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. P.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics From Air
Pollution to Climate Change, 2nd edn., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey,
116–117, ISBN 0-471-72018-6, 2006.
Sharpless, C. M. and Blough, N. V.: The importance of charge-transfer
interactions in determining chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM)
optical and photochemical properties, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 16,
654–671, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00573a, 2014.
Shetter, R. E., Davidson, J. A., Cantrell, C. A., Burzynski Jr., N. J., and
Calvert, J. G.: Temperature dependence of the atmospheric photolysis rate
coefficient for NO2, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 93, 7113–7118, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD093iD06p07113, 1988.
Smith, G. D., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Temperature dependence of O(1D)
quantum yields from the photolysis of ozone between 295 and 338 nm, J. Phys.
Chem. A, 104, 8916–8921, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp001006d, 2000.
Stocker T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, K. S.,
Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, M. P.: CLIMATE CHANGE
2013, The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the
Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1–2228, ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0, 2013.
Szabó, E., Djehiche, M., Riva, M., Fittschen, C., Coddeville, P.,
Sarzyński, D., Tomas, A., and Dóbé, S.: Atmospheric chemistry of
2,3-pentanedione: Photolysis and reaction with OH radicals, J. Phys. Chem.
A, 115, 9160–9168, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp205595c, 2011.
Tadić, J., Moortgat, G. K., and Wirtz, K.: Photolysis of glyoxal in air,
J. Photoch. Photobio. A, 177, 116–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.10.010, 2006.
Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation: https://iupac-aeris.ipsl.fr/htdocs/datasheets/pdf/NOx24_NO_O3.pdf, last access: 22 March 2022.
Vallon, M., Gao, L., Jiang, F., Krumm, B., Nadolny, J., Song, J., Leisner, T., and Saathoff, H.: Light spectra measured inside the AIDA aerosol and cloud simulation chamber, KITopen [data set], https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000143326, 2022.
Wagner, R., Bunz, H., Linke, C., Möhler, O., Naumann, K.-H., Saathoff,
H., Schnaiter, M., and Schurath, U.: Chamber Simulations of Cloud Chemistry: The
AIDA Chamber, in: Nato Science Series:
IV: Earth an Environmental Science, edited by: Barnes, I. and Rudzinky, K. J., Springer, Dordrecht, 62, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4232-9_5, 2006.
Wang, J., Doussin, J. F., Perrier, S., Perraudin, E., Katrib, Y., Pangui, E., and Picquet-Varrault, B.: Design of a new multi-phase experimental simulation chamber for atmospheric photosmog, aerosol and cloud chemistry research, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 2465–2494, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2465-2011, 2011.
Wantuck, P. J., Oldenburg, R. C., Baughcum, S. L., and Winn, K. R.: Removal Rate
Constant Measurements for CH3O by O2 over the 298–973 K Range, J. Phys.
Chem., 91, 4653–4655, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100302a004, 1987.
Wiesen P.: Photooxidant Studies Using the European Photoreactor EUPHORE, in: Transport and Chemical Transformation in the Troposphere, 2nd edn., edited by: Midgley, P. M., Reuther, M., and Williams, M., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 155–162, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56722-3_25, 2001.
Yu, J., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Identification of products
containing −COOH, −OH, and −C=O in atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2357–2370, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980129x, 1998.
Yuan, B., Koss, A. R., Warneke, C., Coggon, M., Sekimoto, K., and de Gouw, J.
A.: Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Atmospheric
Sciences, Chem. Rev., 117, 13187–13229, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00325,
2017.
Zádor, J., Turányi, T., Wirtz, K., and Pilling, M. J.: Measurement and
investigation of chamber radical sources in the European Photoreactor
(EUPHORE), J. Atmos. Chem., 55, 147–166, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-006-9033-y,
2006.
Zuo, Y. and Hoigné, J.: Photochemical decomposition of oxalic, glyoxalic
and pyruvic acid catalysed by iron in atmospheric waters, Atmos. Environ.,
28, 1231–1239, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90270-4, 1994.
Short summary
A LED-based light source has been constructed for the AIDA simulation chamber at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. It allows aerosol formation and ageing studies under atmospherically relevant illumination intensities and spectral characteristics at temperatures from –90 °C to 30 °C with the possibility of changing the photon flux and irradiation spectrum at any point. The first results of photolysis experiments with 2,3-pentanedione, iron oxalate and a brown carbon component are shown.
A LED-based light source has been constructed for the AIDA simulation chamber at the Karlsruhe...
