Articles | Volume 13, issue 5
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2601–2621, 2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2601-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2601–2621, 2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2601-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 20 May 2020
Research article | 20 May 2020
Aerosol retrievals from the EKO MS-711 spectral direct irradiance measurements and corrections of the circumsolar radiation
Rosa Delia García-Cabrera et al.
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África Barreto, Emilio Cuevas, Rosa D. García, Judit Carrillo, Joseph M. Prospero, Luka Ilić, Sara Basart, Alberto J. Berjón, Carlos L. Marrero, Yballa Hernández, Juan José Bustos, Slobodan Ničković, and Margarita Yela
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-508, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
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In this study, we categorise the different patterns of dust transport over the subtropical North Atlantic and, for the first time, robustly describe the dust vertical distribution in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) over this region. Our results revealed the important role that both dust and water vapour play in the radiative balance in summer and winter and confirm the role of the SAL on the formation of mid-level clouds as a result of the activation of heterogeneous ice nucleation processes.
Omaira E. García, Matthias Schneider, Eliezer Sepúlveda, Frank Hase, Thomas Blumenstock, Emilio Cuevas, Ramón Ramos, Jochen Gross, Sabine Barthlott, Amelie N. Röhling, Esther Sanromá, Yenny González, Ángel J. Gómez-Peláez, Mónica Navarro-Comas, Olga Puentedura, Margarita Yela, Alberto Redondas, Virgilio Carreño, Sergio F. León-Luis, Enrique Reyes, Rosa D. García, Pedro P. Rivas, Pedro M. Romero-Campos, Carlos Torres, Natalia Prats, Miguel Hernández, and César López
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-307, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-307, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
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This paper analyses the potential of ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) solar observations to monitor atmospheric gaseous composition and investigate multiple climate processes. To this end, this work reviews the FTIR programme of one of most relevant ground-based FTIR stations at a global scale, the subtropical Izaña Observatory (IZO, Spain), going over its history during its first 20 years of operation (1999–2018) and exploring its great value for long-term climate research.
Kaisa Lakkala, Jukka Kujanpää, Colette Brogniez, Nicolas Henriot, Antti Arola, Margit Aun, Frédérique Auriol, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Germar Bernhard, Veerle De Bock, Maxime Catalfamo, Christine Deroo, Henri Diémoz, Luca Egli, Jean-Baptiste Forestier, Ilias Fountoulakis, Katerina Garane, Rosa Delia Garcia, Julian Gröbner, Seppo Hassinen, Anu Heikkilä, Stuart Henderson, Gregor Hülsen, Bjørn Johnsen, Niilo Kalakoski, Angelos Karanikolas, Tomi Karppinen, Kevin Lamy, Sergio F. León-Luis, Anders V. Lindfors, Jean-Marc Metzger, Fanny Minvielle, Harel B. Muskatel, Thierry Portafaix, Alberto Redondas, Ricardo Sanchez, Anna Maria Siani, Tove Svendby, and Johanna Tamminen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6999–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6999-2020, 2020
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The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite was launched on 13 October 2017 to provide the atmospheric composition for atmosphere and climate research. Ground-based data from 25 sites located in Arctic, subarctic, temperate, equatorial and Antarctic
areas were used for the validation of the TROPOMI surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product. For most sites 60 %–80 % of TROPOMI data was within ± 20 % of ground-based data.
Emilio Cuevas, Pedro Miguel Romero-Campos, Natalia Kouremeti, Stelios Kazadzis, Petri Räisänen, Rosa Delia García, Africa Barreto, Carmen Guirado-Fuentes, Ramón Ramos, Carlos Toledano, Fernando Almansa, and Julian Gröbner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4309–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4309-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4309-2019, 2019
Short summary
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A comprehensive comparison of more than 70 000 synchronous 1 min aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from 3 Global Atmosphere Watch precision filter radiometers (GAW-PFR) and 15 Aerosol Robotic Network Cimel radiometers (AERONET-Cimel) was performed for the four
nearwavelengths (380, 440, 500 and 870 nm) in the period 2005–2015. The goal of this study is to assess whether their long term AOD data are comparable and consistent.
Rosa Delia García, Emilio Cuevas, Ramón Ramos, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, Alberto Redondas, and José A. Moreno-Ruiz
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 77–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-77-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-77-2019, 2019
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IZA is a high-mountain station located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain, at 28.3º N, 16.5º W; 2373 m a.s.l.) and is a representative site of the subtropical North Atlantic free troposphere. It contributes with basic-BSRN radiation measurements, such as, global shortwave radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation and longwave downward radiation and extended-BSRN measurements, including ultraviolet ranges, shortwave upward radiation and longwave upward radiation.
Kaisa Lakkala, Alberto Redondas, Outi Meinander, Laura Thölix, Britta Hamari, Antonio Fernando Almansa, Virgilio Carreno, Rosa Delia García, Carlos Torres, Guillermo Deferrari, Hector Ochoa, Germar Bernhard, Ricardo Sanchez, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16019–16031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16019-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16019-2018, 2018
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Solar UV irradiances were measured at Ushuaia (54° S) and Marambio (64° S) during 2000–2013. The measurements were part of the Antarctic NILU-UV network, which was maintained as a cooperation between Spain, Argentina and Finland. The time series of the network were analysed for the first time in this study. At both stations maximum UV indices and daily doses were measured when spring-time ozone loss episodes occurred. The maximum UV index was 13 and 12 in Ushuaia and Marambio, respectively.
Rosa Delia García, Africa Barreto, Emilio Cuevas, Julian Gröbner, Omaira Elena García, Angel Gómez-Peláez, Pedro Miguel Romero-Campos, Alberto Redondas, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, and Ramon Ramos
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2139–2152, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2139-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2139-2018, 2018
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A 7-year comparison study between measured and simulated longwave
downward radiation under cloud-free conditions has been performed at BSRN Izaña. Results show an excellent agreement with a mean bias (simulated–measured) less than 1.1 % and RMSE less than 1 %, which are within the instrumental error (2 %).
Rosa Delia García, Emilio Cuevas, Omaira Elena García, Ramón Ramos, Pedro Miguel Romero-Campos, Fernado de Ory, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, and Angel de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 731–743, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-731-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-731-2017, 2017
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A 1-year intercomparison of classical and modern radiation and sunshine duration instruments has been performed at Izaña Atmospheric Observatory. We compare global solar radiation (GSR) records measured with a Kipp & Zonen CM-21 pyranometer, taken in the framework of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network, with those measured with a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer and a bimetallic pyranometer, and with GSR estimated from sunshine duration performed with a CS sunshine recorder.
A. Fernando Almansa, Emilio Cuevas, Benjamín Torres, África Barreto, Rosa D. García, Victoria E. Cachorro, Ángel M. de Frutos, César López, and Ramón Ramos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 565–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-565-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-565-2017, 2017
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This study presents a new zenith-looking narrow-band radiometer-based system (ZEN), conceived for dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) monitoring. The ZEN system comprises a robust and automated radiometer (ZEN-R41), and a lookup table methodology for AOD retrieval (ZEN-LUT). Our results suggest that ZEN is a suitable system to fill the current observational gaps and to complement observations performed by sun-photometer networks in order to improve mineral dust monitoring in remote locations.
E. Cuevas, Á. J. Gómez-Peláez, S. Rodríguez, E. Terradellas, S. Basart, R. D. García, O. E. García, and S. Alonso-Pérez
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-287, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We revise the North African Dipole Intensity (NAFDI) index, and explain and quantify its relationship with the Saharan Heat Low (SHL) and mid-latitude Rossby waves. An analysis of aerosol optical depth anomalies over Northern Africa is performed for each phase of NAFDI/SHL. A comprehensive top-down conceptual model is introduced to explain the relationships between the NAFDI, the SHL and the mid-latitude Rossby waves and their impact in dust mobilization and transport in Northern Africa.
R. D. García, O. E. García, E. Cuevas, V. E. Cachorro, A. Barreto, C. Guirado-Fuentes, N. Kouremeti, J. J. Bustos, P. M. Romero-Campos, and A. M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 53–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-53-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-53-2016, 2016
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This paper presents the reconstruction of a 73-year time series of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm at the subtropical high-mountain Izaña Atmospheric Observatory (IZO) located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). For this purpose, we have combined AOD estimates from artificial neural networks (ANNs) from 1941 to 2001 and AOD measurements directly obtained with a precision filter radiometer (PFR) between 2003 and 2013.
R. D. García, E. Cuevas, O. E. García, V. E. Cachorro, P. Pallé, J. J. Bustos, P. M. Romero-Campos, and A. M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3139–3150, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3139-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3139-2014, 2014
M. I. García, S. Rodríguez, Y. González, and R. D. García
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3865–3881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3865-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3865-2014, 2014
África Barreto, Emilio Cuevas, Rosa D. García, Judit Carrillo, Joseph M. Prospero, Luka Ilić, Sara Basart, Alberto J. Berjón, Carlos L. Marrero, Yballa Hernández, Juan José Bustos, Slobodan Ničković, and Margarita Yela
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-508, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
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In this study, we categorise the different patterns of dust transport over the subtropical North Atlantic and, for the first time, robustly describe the dust vertical distribution in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) over this region. Our results revealed the important role that both dust and water vapour play in the radiative balance in summer and winter and confirm the role of the SAL on the formation of mid-level clouds as a result of the activation of heterogeneous ice nucleation processes.
Roberto Román, Juan C. Antuña-Sánchez, Victoria E. Cachorro, Carlos Toledano, Benjamín Torres, David Mateos, David Fuertes, César López, Ramiro González, Tatyana Lapionok, Oleg Dubovik, and Ángel M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-204, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-204, 2021
Preprint under review for AMT
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An all-sky camera is used to obtain the relative sky radiance, and this radiance is used as input in an inversion code to obtain aerosol properties. This paper is really interesting since it pushes forward the use and capability of sky cameras for more advance science purposes. Enhanced aerosol properties can be retrieved with accuracy using only a sky camera, but synergy with other instruments providing aerosol optical depth could even increase the powerfull of these low-cost instruments.
Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, Juan Carlos Antuña-Sánchez, and Ángel Máximo de Frutos
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-178, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-178, 2021
Preprint under review for GMD
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This work describes the features of a simple, fast, accurate and physical-based spectral radiative transfer model (SSolar-GOA) in the solar wavelength range under clear skies. The model is addressed to a wide community of users for many different applications, was designed to be easily replicated and has sufficient accuracy. The validation of the model has been carried out through extensive comparison with simulated spectra from the LibRadtran and with direct/global spectral measurements.
Omaira E. García, Matthias Schneider, Eliezer Sepúlveda, Frank Hase, Thomas Blumenstock, Emilio Cuevas, Ramón Ramos, Jochen Gross, Sabine Barthlott, Amelie N. Röhling, Esther Sanromá, Yenny González, Ángel J. Gómez-Peláez, Mónica Navarro-Comas, Olga Puentedura, Margarita Yela, Alberto Redondas, Virgilio Carreño, Sergio F. León-Luis, Enrique Reyes, Rosa D. García, Pedro P. Rivas, Pedro M. Romero-Campos, Carlos Torres, Natalia Prats, Miguel Hernández, and César López
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-307, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-307, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
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This paper analyses the potential of ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) solar observations to monitor atmospheric gaseous composition and investigate multiple climate processes. To this end, this work reviews the FTIR programme of one of most relevant ground-based FTIR stations at a global scale, the subtropical Izaña Observatory (IZO, Spain), going over its history during its first 20 years of operation (1999–2018) and exploring its great value for long-term climate research.
Qiansi Tu, Frank Hase, Matthias Schneider, Omaira García, Thomas Blumenstock, Tobias Borsdorff, Matthias Frey, Farahnaz Khosrawi, Alba Lorente, Carlos Alberti, Juan J. Bustos, Andre Butz, Virgilio Carreño, Emilio Cuevas, Roger Curcoll, Christopher J. Diekmann, Darko Dubravica, Benjamin Ertl, Carme Estruch, Sergio Fabián León-Luis, Carlos Marrero, Josep-Anton Morgui, Ramón Ramos, Christian Scharun, Carsten Schneider, Eliezer Sepúlveda, Carlos Toledano, and Carlos Torres
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-437, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-437, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
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We use different methane ground- and space-based remote sensing data sets for investigating the emission strength of three waste disposal sites close to Madrid. We present a method that uses wind-assigned anomalies for deriving emission strengths from satellite data and estimating their uncertainty to 9–14 %. The emission strengths estimated from the remote sensing data sets are significantly larger than the values published in the official register.
Juan C. Antuña-Sánchez, Roberto Román, Victoria E. Cachorro, Carlos Toledano, César López, Ramiro González, David Mateos, Abel Calle, and Ángel M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2201–2217, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2201-2021, 2021
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This paper presents a new technique to exploit the potential of all-sky cameras. The sky radiance at three effective wavelengths is calculated and compared with alternative measurements and simulated data. The proposed method will be useful for the retrieval of aerosol and cloud properties.
Kaisa Lakkala, Jukka Kujanpää, Colette Brogniez, Nicolas Henriot, Antti Arola, Margit Aun, Frédérique Auriol, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Germar Bernhard, Veerle De Bock, Maxime Catalfamo, Christine Deroo, Henri Diémoz, Luca Egli, Jean-Baptiste Forestier, Ilias Fountoulakis, Katerina Garane, Rosa Delia Garcia, Julian Gröbner, Seppo Hassinen, Anu Heikkilä, Stuart Henderson, Gregor Hülsen, Bjørn Johnsen, Niilo Kalakoski, Angelos Karanikolas, Tomi Karppinen, Kevin Lamy, Sergio F. León-Luis, Anders V. Lindfors, Jean-Marc Metzger, Fanny Minvielle, Harel B. Muskatel, Thierry Portafaix, Alberto Redondas, Ricardo Sanchez, Anna Maria Siani, Tove Svendby, and Johanna Tamminen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6999–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6999-2020, 2020
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The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite was launched on 13 October 2017 to provide the atmospheric composition for atmosphere and climate research. Ground-based data from 25 sites located in Arctic, subarctic, temperate, equatorial and Antarctic
areas were used for the validation of the TROPOMI surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product. For most sites 60 %–80 % of TROPOMI data was within ± 20 % of ground-based data.
Roberto Román, Ramiro González, Carlos Toledano, África Barreto, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Jose A. Benavent-Oltra, Francisco J. Olmo, Victoria E. Cachorro, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, and Ángel M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6293–6310, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6293-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6293-2020, 2020
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Atmospheric-aerosol and gaseous properties can be derived at night-time if the lunar irradiance at the ground is measured. To this end, the knowledge of lunar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere is necessary. This extraterrestrial lunar irradiance is usually calculated by models since it varies with several geometric factors mainly depending on time and location. This paper proposes a correction to the most used lunar-irradiance model to be applied for atmospheric-aerosol characterization.
Ramiro González, Carlos Toledano, Roberto Román, David Fuertes, Alberto Berjón, David Mateos, Carmen Guirado-Fuentes, Cristian Velasco-Merino, Juan Carlos Antuña-Sánchez, Abel Calle, Victoria E. Cachorro, and Ángel M. de Frutos
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 417–433, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-417-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-417-2020, 2020
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Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a parameter widely used in remote sensing for the characterization of atmospheric aerosol particles. AERONET was created by NASA for aerosol monitoring as well as satellite and model validation. The University of Valladolid (UVa) has managed an AERONET calibration center since 2006. The CÆLIS software tool, developed by UVa, was created to manage the data generated by AERONET photometers. The AOD algorithm in CÆLIS is developed and validated in this work.
Carlos Toledano, Benjamín Torres, Cristian Velasco-Merino, Dietrich Althausen, Silke Groß, Matthias Wiegner, Bernadett Weinzierl, Josef Gasteiger, Albert Ansmann, Ramiro González, David Mateos, David Farrel, Thomas Müller, Moritz Haarig, and Victoria E. Cachorro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14571–14583, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14571-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14571-2019, 2019
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Ground-based sun photometers have been used to analyze the properties of long-range transported Saharan dust over Barbados. The measurements were carried out as part of the Saharan Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Aerosol–Cloud-Interaction Experiment (SALTRACE), carried out in the Caribbean in 2013. A variety of instruments, ground-based and airborne, were used in this research. In this paper, the sun photometer data are presented and related to data collected from other co-located instruments.
Jose Antonio Benavent-Oltra, Roberto Román, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Hassan Lyamani, Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua, Andrés Esteban Bedoya-Velásquez, Gregori de Arruda Moreira, África Barreto, Anton Lopatin, David Fuertes, Milagros Herrera, Benjamin Torres, Oleg Dubovik, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Philippe Goloub, Francisco Jose Olmo-Reyes, and Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14149–14171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14149-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14149-2019, 2019
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In this paper, we use the GRASP algorithm combining different
remote-sensing measurements to obtain the aerosol vertical and column properties, both during the day and at night-time. The column properties are compared with AERONET products, and the vertical properties retrieved by GRASP are compared with in situ measurements at high-altitude stations. As an originality, we proposed three new schemes to retrieve the night-time aerosol properties.
Huizheng Che, Xiangao Xia, Hujia Zhao, Oleg Dubovik, Brent N. Holben, Philippe Goloub, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, Victor Estelles, Yaqiang Wang, Jun Zhu, Bing Qi, Wei Gong, Honglong Yang, Renjian Zhang, Leiku Yang, Jing Chen, Hong Wang, Yu Zheng, Ke Gui, Xiaochun Zhang, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11843–11864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11843-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11843-2019, 2019
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A full-scale description of ground-based aerosol microphysical and optical properties over China is presented. Moreover, the results have also provided significant information about optical and radiative aerosol properties for different types of sites covering a broad expanse of China. The results have considerable value for ground-truthing satellite observations and validating aerosol models.
Huizheng Che, Ke Gui, Xiangao Xia, Yaqiang Wang, Brent N. Holben, Philippe Goloub, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, Hong Wang, Yu Zheng, Hujia Zhao, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10497–10523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10497-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10497-2019, 2019
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A comprehensive assessment of the global and regional AOD trends over the past 37 years (1980–2016) is presented. AOD observations from both AERONET and CARSNET were used for the first time to assess the performance of the MERRA-2 AOD dataset on a global scale. Based on statistical models, we found the meteorological parameters explained a larger proportion of the regional AOD variability (20.4 %–2.8 %) when compared with emission factors (0 %%–56 %).
Emilio Cuevas, Pedro Miguel Romero-Campos, Natalia Kouremeti, Stelios Kazadzis, Petri Räisänen, Rosa Delia García, Africa Barreto, Carmen Guirado-Fuentes, Ramón Ramos, Carlos Toledano, Fernando Almansa, and Julian Gröbner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4309–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4309-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4309-2019, 2019
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A comprehensive comparison of more than 70 000 synchronous 1 min aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from 3 Global Atmosphere Watch precision filter radiometers (GAW-PFR) and 15 Aerosol Robotic Network Cimel radiometers (AERONET-Cimel) was performed for the four
nearwavelengths (380, 440, 500 and 870 nm) in the period 2005–2015. The goal of this study is to assess whether their long term AOD data are comparable and consistent.
Alberto Berjón, Africa Barreto, Yballa Hernández, Margarita Yela, Carlos Toledano, and Emilio Cuevas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6331–6349, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6331-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6331-2019, 2019
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Lidar ratio is a key parameter for the aerosol characterization using satellite remote-sensing platforms as CALIOP. However, there are important differences in the values reported in the bibliography. The geographic characteristics of the IARC observatories location and a 10-year data series allow us to make a unique study of the mineral dust in the Saharan air layer. We report lidar ratios at 523 nm of 49 ± 6 sr and 50 ± 11 sr obtained by two different methods.
Angel J. Gomez-Pelaez, Ramon Ramos, Emilio Cuevas, Vanessa Gomez-Trueba, and Enrique Reyes
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2043–2066, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2043-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2043-2019, 2019
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In 2015, a CO2/CH4/CO CRDS was installed at Izaña station (Tenerife). We present the acceptance tests, the processing of raw data applied, the ambient measurements performed, and their comparison with other continuous in situ measurements. We determine linear relationships between flow rate, CRDS inlet pressure, and CRDS outlet valve aperture; a slight CO2 correction that takes into account changes in the inlet pressure/flow rate and its origin; and the H2O correction for CO in a novel way.
Rosa Delia García, Emilio Cuevas, Ramón Ramos, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, Alberto Redondas, and José A. Moreno-Ruiz
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 77–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-77-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-77-2019, 2019
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IZA is a high-mountain station located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain, at 28.3º N, 16.5º W; 2373 m a.s.l.) and is a representative site of the subtropical North Atlantic free troposphere. It contributes with basic-BSRN radiation measurements, such as, global shortwave radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation and longwave downward radiation and extended-BSRN measurements, including ultraviolet ranges, shortwave upward radiation and longwave upward radiation.
Kaisa Lakkala, Alberto Redondas, Outi Meinander, Laura Thölix, Britta Hamari, Antonio Fernando Almansa, Virgilio Carreno, Rosa Delia García, Carlos Torres, Guillermo Deferrari, Hector Ochoa, Germar Bernhard, Ricardo Sanchez, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16019–16031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16019-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16019-2018, 2018
Short summary
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Solar UV irradiances were measured at Ushuaia (54° S) and Marambio (64° S) during 2000–2013. The measurements were part of the Antarctic NILU-UV network, which was maintained as a cooperation between Spain, Argentina and Finland. The time series of the network were analysed for the first time in this study. At both stations maximum UV indices and daily doses were measured when spring-time ozone loss episodes occurred. The maximum UV index was 13 and 12 in Ushuaia and Marambio, respectively.
Carlos Toledano, Ramiro González, David Fuertes, Emilio Cuevas, Thomas F. Eck, Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Julian Gröbner, Philippe Goloub, Luc Blarel, Roberto Román, África Barreto, Alberto Berjón, Brent N. Holben, and Victoria E. Cachorro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14555–14567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14555-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14555-2018, 2018
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Most of the ground-based radiometric networks have their reference instruments and/or calibrate them at Mauna Loa or Izaña. The suitability of these high-mountain stations for absolute radiometric calibrations is investigated with the support of 20 years of first-class Sun photometer data from the AERONET and GAW-PFR networks. We analyze the number of calibration days at each site in a climatological sense and investigate the uncertainty of the calibrations based on long-term statistics.
Amelie Driemel, John Augustine, Klaus Behrens, Sergio Colle, Christopher Cox, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, Fred M. Denn, Thierry Duprat, Masato Fukuda, Hannes Grobe, Martial Haeffelin, Gary Hodges, Nicole Hyett, Osamu Ijima, Ain Kallis, Wouter Knap, Vasilii Kustov, Charles N. Long, David Longenecker, Angelo Lupi, Marion Maturilli, Mohamed Mimouni, Lucky Ntsangwane, Hiroyuki Ogihara, Xabier Olano, Marc Olefs, Masao Omori, Lance Passamani, Enio Bueno Pereira, Holger Schmithüsen, Stefanie Schumacher, Rainer Sieger, Jonathan Tamlyn, Roland Vogt, Laurent Vuilleumier, Xiangao Xia, Atsumu Ohmura, and Gert König-Langlo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1491–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1491-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1491-2018, 2018
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The Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) collects and centrally archives high-quality ground-based radiation measurements in 1 min resolution. More than 10 300 months, i.e., > 850 years, of high-radiation data in 1 min resolution from the years 1992 to 2017 are available. The network currently comprises 59 stations collectively representing all seven continents as well as island-based stations in the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic oceans.
Angela Benedetti, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peter Knippertz, John H. Marsham, Francesca Di Giuseppe, Samuel Rémy, Sara Basart, Olivier Boucher, Ian M. Brooks, Laurent Menut, Lucia Mona, Paolo Laj, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Alfred Wiedensohler, Alexander Baklanov, Malcolm Brooks, Peter R. Colarco, Emilio Cuevas, Arlindo da Silva, Jeronimo Escribano, Johannes Flemming, Nicolas Huneeus, Oriol Jorba, Stelios Kazadzis, Stefan Kinne, Thomas Popp, Patricia K. Quinn, Thomas T. Sekiyama, Taichu Tanaka, and Enric Terradellas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10615–10643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10615-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10615-2018, 2018
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Numerical prediction of aerosol particle properties has become an important activity at many research and operational weather centers. This development is due to growing interest from a diverse set of stakeholders, such as air quality regulatory bodies, aviation authorities, solar energy plant managers, climate service providers, and health professionals. This paper describes the advances in the field and sets out requirements for observations for the sustainability of these activities.
Cristian Velasco-Merino, David Mateos, Carlos Toledano, Joseph M. Prospero, Jack Molinie, Lovely Euphrasie-Clotilde, Ramiro González, Victoria E. Cachorro, Abel Calle, and Angel M. de Frutos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9411–9424, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9411-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9411-2018, 2018
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We present the first comparison of columnar aerosol properties recorded by sun photometry of Saharan dust between western Africa and Caribbean Basin. A comprehensive climatology of 20 years of data is presented in the two areas. To our knowledge, we present the first global climatology of columnar aerosols in the Caribbean Basin. Changes after transport in aerosol load, size distribution, shape, and absorbing and scattering variables are quantified using long-term records between 1996 and 2014.
Rosa Delia García, Africa Barreto, Emilio Cuevas, Julian Gröbner, Omaira Elena García, Angel Gómez-Peláez, Pedro Miguel Romero-Campos, Alberto Redondas, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, and Ramon Ramos
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2139–2152, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2139-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2139-2018, 2018
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A 7-year comparison study between measured and simulated longwave
downward radiation under cloud-free conditions has been performed at BSRN Izaña. Results show an excellent agreement with a mean bias (simulated–measured) less than 1.1 % and RMSE less than 1 %, which are within the instrumental error (2 %).
Juan Carlos Antuña-Marrero, Victoria Cachorro Revilla, Frank García Parrado, Ángel de Frutos Baraja, Albeth Rodríguez Vega, David Mateos, René Estevan Arredondo, and Carlos Toledano
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2279–2293, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2279-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2279-2018, 2018
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Comparing AOD measurements from MODIS (Terra and Aqua), sun photometer and pyrheliometers broadband instruments in Cuba.
Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Henri Diémoz, Julian Gröbner, Bruce W. Forgan, Monica Campanelli, Victor Estellés, Kathleen Lantz, Joseph Michalsky, Thomas Carlund, Emilio Cuevas, Carlos Toledano, Ralf Becker, Stephan Nyeki, Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos, Viktar Tatsiankou, Laurent Vuilleumier, Frederick M. Denn, Nozomu Ohkawara, Osamu Ijima, Philippe Goloub, Panagiotis I. Raptis, Michael Milner, Klaus Behrens, Africa Barreto, Giovanni Martucci, Emiel Hall, James Wendell, Bryan E. Fabbri, and Christoph Wehrli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3185–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3185-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3185-2018, 2018
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Aerosol optical depth measured from ground-based sun photometers is the most important parameter for studying the changes in the Earth's radiation balance due to aerosols. Representatives for various sun photometer types belonging to individual institutions or international aerosol networks gather every 5 years, for 3 weeks, in Davos, Switzerland, in order to compare their aeorosol optical depth retrievals. This work presents the results of the latest (fourth) filter radiometer intercomparison.
David Fuertes, Carlos Toledano, Ramiro González, Alberto Berjón, Benjamín Torres, Victoria E. Cachorro, and Ángel M. de Frutos
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 7, 67–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-67-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-67-2018, 2018
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CÆLIS is a software system which aims at simplifying the management of a photometric ground-based network, providing tools by monitoring the instruments, processing the data in real time and offering the scientific community a new tool to work with the data. The present work describes the system architecture of CÆLIS and some examples of applications and data processing.
Huizheng Che, Bing Qi, Hujia Zhao, Xiangao Xia, Thomas F. Eck, Philippe Goloub, Oleg Dubovik, Victor Estelles, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, Luc Blarel, Yunfei Wu, Jun Zhu, Rongguang Du, Yaqiang Wang, Hong Wang, Ke Gui, Jie Yu, Yu Zheng, Tianze Sun, Quanliang Chen, Guangyu Shi, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 405–425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-405-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-405-2018, 2018
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Sun photometer measurements from seven sites in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2011 to 2015 were used to characterize the climatology of aerosol microphysical and optical properties, calculate direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) and classify aerosols based on size and absorption. This study contributes to our understanding of aerosols and regional climate/air quality, and the results will be useful for validating satellite retrievals and for improving climate models and remote sensing.
Benjamin Torres, Oleg Dubovik, David Fuertes, Gregory Schuster, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, Tatsiana Lapyonok, Philippe Goloub, Luc Blarel, Africa Barreto, Marc Mallet, Carlos Toledano, and Didier Tanré
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3743–3781, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3743-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3743-2017, 2017
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This study evaluates the potential of using only aerosol optical depth measurements to characterise the microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. With this aim, we used the recently developed GRASP algorithm. The practical motivation for the present study is the large amount of optical-depth-only measurements that exist in the ground-based networks. The retrievals could complete an existing data set of aerosol properties that is key to understanding aerosol climate effects.
Alberto Cazorla, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Roberto Román, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Carlos Toledano, Victoria E. Cachorro, José Antonio G. Orza, María Luisa Cancillo, Antonio Serrano, Gloria Titos, Marco Pandolfi, Andres Alastuey, Natalie Hanrieder, and Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11861–11876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11861-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11861-2017, 2017
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This work presents a method for the calibration and automated quality assurance of inversion of ceilometer profiles that is applied to the Iberian Ceilometer Network (ICENET). A cast study during an unusually intense dust outbreak affecting the Iberian Peninsula is shown. Results reveal that it is possible to obtain a quantitative optical aerosol characterization with ceilometers over large areas, and this information has a great potential for alert systems and model assimilation and evaluation.
África Barreto, Roberto Román, Emilio Cuevas, Alberto J. Berjón, A. Fernando Almansa, Carlos Toledano, Ramiro González, Yballa Hernández, Luc Blarel, Philippe Goloub, Carmen Guirado, and Margarita Yela
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3007–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3007-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3007-2017, 2017
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This work involves a first analysis of the systematic errors observed in the AOD retrieved at nighttime using the Sun–sky–lunar CE318-T photometer. In this respect, this paper is a first attempt to correct the AOD uncertainties that currently affect the lunar photometry by means of an empirical regression model. We have detected and corrected an important bias correlated to the Moon's phase and zenith angles, especially at longer wavelength channels.
Guanyu Huang, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance, Kai Yang, Pawan K. Bhartia, Zhaonan Cai, Marc Allaart, Gérard Ancellet, Bertrand Calpini, Gerrie J. R. Coetzee, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, Manuel Cupeiro, Hugo De Backer, Manvendra K. Dubey, Henry E. Fuelberg, Masatomo Fujiwara, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Tristan J. Hall, Bryan Johnson, Everette Joseph, Rigel Kivi, Bogumil Kois, Ninong Komala, Gert König-Langlo, Giovanni Laneve, Thierry Leblanc, Marion Marchand, Kenneth R. Minschwaner, Gary Morris, Michael J. Newchurch, Shin-Ya Ogino, Nozomu Ohkawara, Ankie J. M. Piters, Françoise Posny, Richard Querel, Rinus Scheele, Frank J. Schmidlin, Russell C. Schnell, Otto Schrems, Henry Selkirk, Masato Shiotani, Pavla Skrivánková, René Stübi, Ghassan Taha, David W. Tarasick, Anne M. Thompson, Valérie Thouret, Matthew B. Tully, Roeland Van Malderen, Holger Vömel, Peter von der Gathen, Jacquelyn C. Witte, and Margarita Yela
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2455–2475, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2455-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2455-2017, 2017
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It is essential to understand the data quality of +10-year OMI ozone product and impacts of the “row anomaly” (RA). We validate the OMI Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product from Oct 2004 to Dec 2014 against ozonesonde observations globally. Generally, OMI has good agreement with ozonesondes. The spatiotemporal variation of retrieval performance suggests the need to improve OMI’s radiometric calibration especially during the post-RA period to maintain the long-term stability.
Rosa Delia García, Emilio Cuevas, Omaira Elena García, Ramón Ramos, Pedro Miguel Romero-Campos, Fernado de Ory, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, and Angel de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 731–743, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-731-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-731-2017, 2017
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A 1-year intercomparison of classical and modern radiation and sunshine duration instruments has been performed at Izaña Atmospheric Observatory. We compare global solar radiation (GSR) records measured with a Kipp & Zonen CM-21 pyranometer, taken in the framework of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network, with those measured with a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer and a bimetallic pyranometer, and with GSR estimated from sunshine duration performed with a CS sunshine recorder.
A. Fernando Almansa, Emilio Cuevas, Benjamín Torres, África Barreto, Rosa D. García, Victoria E. Cachorro, Ángel M. de Frutos, César López, and Ramón Ramos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 565–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-565-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-565-2017, 2017
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This study presents a new zenith-looking narrow-band radiometer-based system (ZEN), conceived for dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) monitoring. The ZEN system comprises a robust and automated radiometer (ZEN-R41), and a lookup table methodology for AOD retrieval (ZEN-LUT). Our results suggest that ZEN is a suitable system to fill the current observational gaps and to complement observations performed by sun-photometer networks in order to improve mineral dust monitoring in remote locations.
Victoria E. Cachorro, Maria A. Burgos, David Mateos, Carlos Toledano, Yasmine Bennouna, Benjamín Torres, Ángel M. de Frutos, and Álvaro Herguedas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8227–8248, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8227-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8227-2016, 2016
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This study presents the first desert dust (DD) long-term inventory simultaneously using columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Ångström exponent and surface particulate-matter (PM) concentrations. The DD contribution to the aerosol load is evaluated in the period 2003–2014 for columnar and surface data, analysing the correlation between DD contributions to AOD and PM10. Saharan mineral dust can explain up to 30 % of the total aerosol load decrease observed in the study area.
E. Cuevas, Á. J. Gómez-Peláez, S. Rodríguez, E. Terradellas, S. Basart, R. D. García, O. E. García, and S. Alonso-Pérez
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-287, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We revise the North African Dipole Intensity (NAFDI) index, and explain and quantify its relationship with the Saharan Heat Low (SHL) and mid-latitude Rossby waves. An analysis of aerosol optical depth anomalies over Northern Africa is performed for each phase of NAFDI/SHL. A comprehensive top-down conceptual model is introduced to explain the relationships between the NAFDI, the SHL and the mid-latitude Rossby waves and their impact in dust mobilization and transport in Northern Africa.
N. Huneeus, S. Basart, S. Fiedler, J.-J. Morcrette, A. Benedetti, J. Mulcahy, E. Terradellas, C. Pérez García-Pando, G. Pejanovic, S. Nickovic, P. Arsenovic, M. Schulz, E. Cuevas, J. M. Baldasano, J. Pey, S. Remy, and B. Cvetkovic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4967–4986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4967-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4967-2016, 2016
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Five dust models are evaluated regarding their performance in predicting an intense Saharan dust outbreak affecting western and northern Europe (NE). Models predict the onset and evolution of the event for all analysed lead times. On average, differences among the models are larger than differences in lead times for each model. The models tend to underestimate the long-range transport towards NE. This is partly due to difficulties in simulating the vertical dust distribution and horizontal wind.
Yenny González, Matthias Schneider, Christoph Dyroff, Sergio Rodríguez, Emanuel Christner, Omaira Elena García, Emilio Cuevas, Juan Jose Bustos, Ramon Ramos, Carmen Guirado-Fuentes, Sabine Barthlott, Andreas Wiegele, and Eliezer Sepúlveda
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4251–4269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4251-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4251-2016, 2016
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Measurements of water vapour isotopologues, dust, and a back trajectory model were used to identify moisture pathways in the subtropical North Atlantic. Dry air masses, from condensation at low temperatures, are transported from high altitudes and latitudes. The humid sources are related to the mixture, with lower and more humid air during transport. Rain re-evaporation was an occasional source of moisture. In summer, an important humidity source is the strong dry convection over the Sahara.
África Barreto, Emilio Cuevas, María-José Granados-Muñoz, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Pedro M. Romero, Julian Gröbner, Natalia Kouremeti, Antonio F. Almansa, Tom Stone, Carlos Toledano, Roberto Román, Mikhail Sorokin, Brent Holben, Marius Canini, and Margarita Yela
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 631–654, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-631-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-631-2016, 2016
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This paper presents the new photometer CE318-T, able to perform daytime and
night-time photometric measurements using the sun and the moon as light
sources. This new device permits a complete cycle of diurnal aerosol and water vapour measurements to be extracted, valuable to enhance atmospheric monitoring. We have also highlighted the ability of this new device to capture short-term atmospheric variations, critical for climate studies.
R. D. García, O. E. García, E. Cuevas, V. E. Cachorro, A. Barreto, C. Guirado-Fuentes, N. Kouremeti, J. J. Bustos, P. M. Romero-Campos, and A. M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 53–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-53-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-53-2016, 2016
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This paper presents the reconstruction of a 73-year time series of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm at the subtropical high-mountain Izaña Atmospheric Observatory (IZO) located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). For this purpose, we have combined AOD estimates from artificial neural networks (ANNs) from 1941 to 2001 and AOD measurements directly obtained with a precision filter radiometer (PFR) between 2003 and 2013.
H. Eskes, V. Huijnen, A. Arola, A. Benedictow, A.-M. Blechschmidt, E. Botek, O. Boucher, I. Bouarar, S. Chabrillat, E. Cuevas, R. Engelen, H. Flentje, A. Gaudel, J. Griesfeller, L. Jones, J. Kapsomenakis, E. Katragkou, S. Kinne, B. Langerock, M. Razinger, A. Richter, M. Schultz, M. Schulz, N. Sudarchikova, V. Thouret, M. Vrekoussis, A. Wagner, and C. Zerefos
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3523–3543, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3523-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3523-2015, 2015
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The MACC project is preparing the operational atmosphere service of the European Copernicus Programme, and uses data assimilation to combine atmospheric models with available observations. Our paper provides an overview of the aerosol and trace gas validation activity of MACC. Topics are the validation requirements, the measurement data, the assimilation systems, the upgrade procedure, operational aspects and the scoring methods. A summary is provided of recent results, including special events.
M. Gil-Ojeda, M. Navarro-Comas, L. Gómez-Martín, J. A. Adame, A. Saiz-Lopez, C. A. Cuevas, Y. González, O. Puentedura, E. Cuevas, J.-F. Lamarque, D. Kinninson, and S. Tilmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10567–10579, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10567-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10567-2015, 2015
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The NO2 seasonal evolution in the free troposphere (FT) has been established for the first time, based on a remote sensing technique (MAXDOAS) and thus avoiding the problems of the local pollution of in situ instruments. A clear seasonality has been found, with background levels of 20-40pptv. Evidence has been found on fast, direct injection of surface air into the free troposphere. This result might have implications on the FT distribution of halogens and other species with marine sources.
S. Rodríguez, E. Cuevas, J. M. Prospero, A. Alastuey, X. Querol, J. López-Solano, M. I. García, and S. Alonso-Pérez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7471–7486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7471-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7471-2015, 2015
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Long-term 28-year variability of Saharan dust export to the Atlantic is correlated with large-scale meteorology in North Africa, particularly with the intensity of the Saharan high to tropical low dipole-like pattern, the so-called North African Dipole. Variability in the dipole intensity is connected with winds, monsoon rain band and latitudinal shifts of the Saharan air layer. Variability in the dipole intensity suggests connections with ENSO and the Sahel drought.
E. Cuevas, C. Camino, A. Benedetti, S. Basart, E. Terradellas, J. M. Baldasano, J. J. Morcrette, B. Marticorena, P. Goloub, A. Mortier, A. Berjón, Y. Hernández, M. Gil-Ojeda, and M. Schulz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3991–4024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3991-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3991-2015, 2015
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Atmospheric mineral dust from a MACC-II short reanalysis (2007-2008) has been evaluated over northern Africa and the Middle East using satellite aerosol products, AERONET data, in situ PM10 concentrations, and extinction vertical profiles. The MACC-II AOD spatial and temporal variability shows good agreement with satellite sensors and AERONET. We find a good agreement in averaged extinction vertical profiles between MACC-II and lidars. MACC correctly reproduces daily to interannual PM10.
D. Mateos, M. Antón, C. Toledano, V. E. Cachorro, L. Alados-Arboledas, M. Sorribas, M. J. Costa, and J. M. Baldasano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13497–13514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13497-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13497-2014, 2014
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A long-term analysis of aerosol radiative effects over the Iberian Peninsula is carried out. A reduction of aerosol effects on solar radiation at the surface is observed in the 2000s. Aerosol forcing efficiency is stronger for small and absorbing particles. The contributions of the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral intervals to the total shortwave efficiency vary with the aerosol types, producing the visible range the dominant contribution for all aerosol types.
A. Barreto, E. Cuevas, P. Pallé, P. M. Romero, C. Guirado, C. J. Wehrli, and F. Almansa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4103–4116, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4103-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4103-2014, 2014
C. Guirado, E. Cuevas, V. E. Cachorro, C. Toledano, S. Alonso-Pérez, J. J. Bustos, S. Basart, P. M. Romero, C. Camino, M. Mimouni, L. Zeudmi, P. Goloub, J. M. Baldasano, and A. M. de Frutos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11753–11773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11753-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11753-2014, 2014
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Tamanrasset, in the heart of the Sahara, is a key site for aerosol research. The analysis of more than 2 years (2006-2009) of AERONET and KCICLO-corrected sun photometer measurements shows that atmospheric aerosols at Tamanrasset are modulated by the Convective Boundary Layer leading to pure Saharan dust conditions (April-September) and very clear sky conditions (November-February). Dust potential sources and anthropogenic fine aerosols arriving at Tamanrasset are also identified.
L. Gomez, M. Navarro-Comas, O. Puentedura, Y. Gonzalez, E. Cuevas, and M. Gil-Ojeda
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3373–3386, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3373-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3373-2014, 2014
R. D. García, E. Cuevas, O. E. García, V. E. Cachorro, P. Pallé, J. J. Bustos, P. M. Romero-Campos, and A. M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3139–3150, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3139-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3139-2014, 2014
Y. S. Bennouna, V. Cachorro, M. A. Burgos, C. Toledano, B. Torres, and A. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-5829-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-5829-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
M. I. García, S. Rodríguez, Y. González, and R. D. García
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3865–3881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3865-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3865-2014, 2014
H. Che, X. Xia, J. Zhu, Z. Li, O. Dubovik, B. Holben, P. Goloub, H. Chen, V. Estelles, E. Cuevas-Agulló, L. Blarel, H. Wang, H. Zhao, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Sun, R. Tao, X. Zhang, and G. Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2125–2138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2125-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2125-2014, 2014
B. Torres, O. Dubovik, C. Toledano, A. Berjon, V. E. Cachorro, T. Lapyonok, P. Litvinov, and P. Goloub
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 847–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-847-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-847-2014, 2014
B. Torres, C. Toledano, A. Berjón, D. Fuertes, V. Molina, R. Gonzalez, M. Canini, V. E. Cachorro, P. Goloub, T. Podvin, L. Blarel, O. Dubovik, Y. Bennouna, and A. M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2207–2220, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2207-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2207-2013, 2013
A. Barreto, E. Cuevas, B. Damiri, P. M. Romero, and F. Almansa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2159–2167, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2159-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2159-2013, 2013
A. Barreto, E. Cuevas, B. Damiri, C. Guirado, T. Berkoff, A. J. Berjón, Y. Hernández, F. Almansa, and M. Gil
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 585–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-585-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-585-2013, 2013
E. Cuevas, Y. González, S. Rodríguez, J. C. Guerra, A. J. Gómez-Peláez, S. Alonso-Pérez, J. Bustos, and C. Milford
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1973–1998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1973-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1973-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Technique: In Situ Measurement | Topic: Validation and Intercomparisons
Evaluation of retrieval methods for planetary boundary layer height based on radiosonde data
Absorption instruments inter-comparison campaign at the Arctic Pallas station
Development and application of a United States-wide correction for PM2.5 data collected with the PurpleAir sensor
Sizing response of the Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) and Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (LAS) to changes in submicron aerosol composition and refractive index
Quantifying organic matter and functional groups in particulate matter filter samples from the southeastern United States – Part 2: Spatiotemporal trends
The importance of size ranges in aerosol instrument intercomparisons: a case study for the Atmospheric Tomography Mission
Intercomparison of thermal–optical carbon measurements by Sunset and Desert Research Institute (DRI) analyzers using the IMPROVE_A protocol
Ångström exponent errors prevent accurate visibility measurement
Determination of the multiple-scattering correction factor and its cross-sensitivity to scattering and wavelength dependence for different AE33 Aethalometer filter tapes: A multi-instrumental approach
Comparison of co-located refractory black carbon (rBC) and elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration measurements during field campaigns at several European sites
Real-time measurement of radionuclide concentrations and its impact on inverse modeling of 106Ru release in the fall of 2017
Effects of the prewhitening method, the time granularity, and the time segmentation on the Mann–Kendall trend detection and the associated Sen's slope
Best practices for precipitation sample storage for offline studies of ice nucleation in marine and coastal environments
Interferences with aerosol acidity quantification due to gas-phase ammonia uptake onto acidic sulfate filter samples
Multi-year ACSM measurements at the central European research station Melpitz (Germany) – Part 1: Instrument robustness, quality assurance, and impact of upper size cutoff diameter
A comparison of three optical absorption photometers at a boreal forest site – effects of different correction algorithms
The new instrument using a TC–BC (total carbon–black carbon) method for the online measurement of carbonaceous aerosols
Characterization of anthropogenic organic aerosols by TOF-ACSM with the new capture vaporizer
Evaluation and calibration of a low-cost particle sensor in ambient conditions using machine-learning methods
Intercomparison between the aerosol optical properties retrieved by different inversion methods from SKYNET sky radiometer observations over Qionghai and Yucheng in China
A comparison of lognormal and gamma size distributions for characterizing the stratospheric aerosol phase function from optical particle counter measurements
Comparison of aircraft measurements during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA
Field comparison of dry deposition samplers for collection of atmospheric mineral dust: results from single-particle characterization
On-flight intercomparison of three miniature aerosol absorption sensors using unmanned aerial systems (UASs)
A low-cost monitor for measurement of fine particulate matter and aerosol optical depth – Part 2: Citizen-science pilot campaign in northern Colorado
Methodology for high-quality mobile measurement with focus on black carbon and particle mass concentrations
Laboratory and field evaluation of the Aerosol Dynamics Inc. concentrator (ADIc) for aerosol mass spectrometry
Evaluating biases in filter-based aerosol absorption measurements using photoacoustic spectroscopy
Strategies of method selection for fine-scale PM2.5 mapping in an intra-urban area using crowdsourced monitoring
Analysis of functional groups in atmospheric aerosols by infrared spectroscopy: systematic intercomparison of calibration methods for US measurement network samples
Aerosol light absorption from optical measurements of PTFE membrane filter samples: sensitivity analysis of optical depth measures
The influence of humidity on the performance of a low-cost air particle mass sensor and the effect of atmospheric fog
Field and laboratory evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence instrument for determining the elemental composition of ambient aerosols
Exploring the applicability and limitations of selected optical scattering instruments for PM mass measurement
Comparisons of spectral aerosol single scattering albedo in Seoul, South Korea
Comparison of three aerosol chemical characterization techniques utilizing PTR-ToF-MS: a study on freshly formed and aged biogenic SOA
Estimating chemical composition of atmospheric deposition fluxes from mineral insoluble particles deposition collected in the western Mediterranean region
Elemental composition of ambient aerosols measured with high temporal resolution using an online XRF spectrometer
How to reliably detect molecular clusters and nucleation mode particles with Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS)
Intercomparison of 15 aerodynamic particle size spectrometers (APS 3321): uncertainties in particle sizing and number size distribution
Evaluation of the Sequential Spot Sampler (S3) for time-resolved measurement of PM2.5 sulfate and nitrate through lab and field measurements
Aerosol optical depth retrievals at the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory from 1941 to 2013 by using artificial neural networks
Comparison of advanced offline and in situ techniques of organic aerosol composition measurement during the CalNex campaign
Can AERONET data be used to accurately model the monochromatic beam and circumsolar irradiances under cloud-free conditions in desert environment?
ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison – Part 1: Reproducibility of concentration and fragment results from 13 individual Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (Q-ACSM) and consistency with co-located instruments
Measurement of carbonaceous aerosol with different sampling configurations and frequencies
ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison – Part 2: Intercomparison of ME-2 organic source apportionment results from 15 individual, co-located aerosol mass spectrometers
SPARTAN: a global network to evaluate and enhance satellite-based estimates of ground-level particulate matter for global health applications
Development of an automated high-temperature valveless injection system for online gas chromatography
Verification and application of the extended spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA+) methodology to estimate aerosol fine and coarse mode extinction coefficients in the marine boundary layer
Hui Li, Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Yuefeng Zhao, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5977–5986, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5977-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5977-2021, 2021
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Radiosonde (RS) is widely used to detect the vertical structures of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and numerous methods have been proposed for retrieving PBL height (PBLH) from RS data. However, an algorithm that is suitable under all atmospheric conditions does not exist. This study evaluates the performance of four common PBLH algorithms under different thermodynamic stability conditions based on RS data.
Eija Asmi, John Backman, Henri Servomaa, Aki Virkkula, Maria I. Gini, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Thomas Müller, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, and Antti Hyvärinen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5397–5413, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5397-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5397-2021, 2021
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Absorbing aerosols are warming the planet and accurate measurements of their concentrations in pristine environments are needed. We applied eight different absorbing-aerosol measurement methods in a field campaign at the Arctic Pallas station. The filter-based techniques were found to be the most sensitive to detect the minuscule amounts of black carbon present, showing a 40 % agreement between them. Our results help to reduce uncertainties in absorbing aerosol measurements.
Karoline K. Barkjohn, Brett Gantt, and Andrea L. Clements
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4617–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4617-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4617-2021, 2021
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Although widely used, air sensor measurements are often biased. In this work we develop a correction with a relative humidity term that reduces the bias and improves consistency between different United States regions. This correction equation, along with proposed data cleaning criteria, has been applied to PurpleAir PM2.5 measurements across the US on the AirNow Fire and Smoke Map and has the potential to be successfully used in other air quality and public health applications.
Richard H. Moore, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Adam T. Ahern, Stephen Zimmerman, Lauren Montgomery, Pedro Campuzano Jost, Claire E. Robinson, Luke D. Ziemba, Edward L. Winstead, Bruce E. Anderson, Charles A. Brock, Matthew D. Brown, Gao Chen, Ewan C. Crosbie, Hongyu Guo, Jose L. Jimenez, Carolyn E. Jordan, Ming Lyu, Benjamin A. Nault, Nicholas E. Rothfuss, Kevin J. Sanchez, Melinda Schueneman, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Nicholas L. Wagner, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4517–4542, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4517-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4517-2021, 2021
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Atmospheric particles are everywhere and exist in a range of sizes, from a few nanometers to hundreds of microns. Because particle size determines the behavior of chemical and physical processes, accurately measuring particle sizes is an important and integral part of atmospheric field measurements! Here, we discuss the performance of two commonly used particle sizers and how changes in particle composition and optical properties may result in sizing uncertainties, which we quantify.
Alexandra J. Boris, Satoshi Takahama, Andrew T. Weakley, Bruno M. Debus, Stephanie L. Shaw, Eric S. Edgerton, Taekyu Joo, Nga L. Ng, and Ann M. Dillner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4355–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4355-2021, 2021
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Infrared spectrometry can be applied in routine monitoring of atmospheric particles to give comprehensive characterization of the organic material by bond rather than species. Using this technique, the concentrations of particle organic material were found to decrease 2011–2016 in the southeastern US, driven by a decline in highly aged material, concurrent with declining anthropogenic emissions. However, an increase was observed in the fraction of more moderately aged organic matter.
Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Douglas A. Day, Jason C. Schroder, Dongwook Kim, Jack E. Dibb, Maximilian Dollner, Bernadett Weinzierl, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3631–3655, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3631-2021, 2021
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We utilize a set of high-quality datasets collected during the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission to investigate the impact of differences in observable particle sizes across aerosol instruments in aerosol measurement comparisons. Very good agreement was found between chemically and physically derived submicron aerosol volume. Results support a lack of significant unknown biases in the response of an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) when sampling remote aerosols across the globe.
Xiaolu Zhang, Krystyna Trzepla, Warren White, Sean Raffuse, and Nicole Pauly Hyslop
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3217–3231, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3217-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3217-2021, 2021
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Three models of carbon analyzer were used in the past decade to measure carbonaceous particles from samples collected within the Chemical Speciation Network. This study compares results from these analyzer models to investigate the impact on long-term data from instrument differences. Good agreement was found among the three models for total carbon, organic carbon, and elemental carbon, while the reasons for and implications of some notable differences in their subtractions are investigated.
Hengnan Guo, Zefeng Zhang, Lin Jiang, Junlin An, Bin Zhu, Hanqing Kang, and Jing Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2441–2450, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2441-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2441-2021, 2021
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Visibility is an indicator of atmospheric transparency and is widely used in many research fields. Although efforts have been made to improve the performance of visibility meters, a significant error exists in measured visibility data. This is because current methods of visibility measurement include a false assumption, which leads to the long-term neglect of an important source of visibility errors. Without major adjustments to current methods, it is not possible to obtain reliable data.
Jesús Yus-Díez, Vera Bernardoni, Griša Močnik, Andrés Alastuey, Davide Ciniglia, Matic Ivančič, Xavier Querol, Noemí Perez, Cristina Reche, Martin Rigler, Roberta Vecchi, Sara Valentini, and Marco Pandolfi
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-46, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-46, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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Here we characterize the multiple scattering factor, C, of the dual-spot aethalometer AE33, its cross-sensitivity to scattering and wavelength dependence for 3 background stations: urban, regional, and mountain-top. The C was obtained for two set of filter tapes: M8020 and M8060. The cross-sensitivity to scattering and wavelength dependence of C were determined by intercomparing with other absorption and scattering measurements including multi-angle offline absorption measurements.
Rosaria E. Pileci, Robin L. Modini, Michele Bertò, Jinfeng Yuan, Joel C. Corbin, Angela Marinoni, Bas Henzing, Marcel M. Moerman, Jean P. Putaud, Gerald Spindler, Birgit Wehner, Thomas Müller, Thomas Tuch, Arianna Trentini, Marco Zanatta, Urs Baltensperger, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1379–1403, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1379-2021, 2021
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Black carbon (BC), which is an important constituent of atmospheric aerosols, remains difficult to quantify due to various limitations of available methods. This study provides an extensive comparison of co-located field measurements, applying two methods based on different principles. It was shown that both methods indeed quantify the same aerosol property – BC mass concentration. The level of agreement that can be expected was quantified, and some reasons for discrepancy were identified.
Ondřej Tichý, Miroslav Hýža, Nikolaos Evangeliou, and Václav Šmídl
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 803–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-803-2021, 2021
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We present an investigation of the usability of newly developed real-time concentration monitoring systems, which are based on the gamma-ray counting of aerosol filters. These high-resolution data were used for inverse modeling of the 106Ru release in 2017. Our inverse modeling results agree with previously published estimates and provide better temporal resolution of the estimates.
Martine Collaud Coen, Elisabeth Andrews, Alessandro Bigi, Giovanni Martucci, Gonzague Romanens, Frédéric P. A. Vogt, and Laurent Vuilleumier
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6945–6964, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6945-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6945-2020, 2020
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The Mann–Kendall trend test requires prewhitening in the presence of serially correlated data. The effects of five prewhitening methods and time granularity, autocorrelation, temporal segmentation and length of the time series on the statistical significance and the slope are studies for seven atmospheric datasets. Finally, a new algorithm using three prewhitening methods is proposed in order to optimize the power of the test, the amount of erroneous false positive trends and the slope estimate.
Charlotte M. Beall, Dolan Lucero, Thomas C. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, M. Dale Stokes, and Kimberly A. Prather
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6473–6486, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6473-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6473-2020, 2020
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Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can influence multiple climate-relevant cloud properties. Previous studies report INP observations from precipitation samples that were stored prior to analysis, yet storage protocols vary widely, and little is known about how storage impacts INPs. This study finds that storing samples at −20 °C best preserves INP concentrations and that significant losses of small INPs occur across all storage protocols.
Benjamin A. Nault, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Hongyu Guo, Duseong S. Jo, Anne V. Handschy, Demetrios Pagonis, Jason C. Schroder, Melinda K. Schueneman, Michael J. Cubison, Jack E. Dibb, Alma Hodzic, Weiwei Hu, Brett B. Palm, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6193–6213, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6193-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6193-2020, 2020
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Collecting particulate matter, or aerosols, onto filters to be analyzed offline is a widely used method to investigate the mass concentration and chemical composition of the aerosol, especially the inorganic portion. Here, we show that acidic aerosol (sulfuric acid) collected onto filters and then exposed to high ammonia mixing ratios (from human emissions) will lead to biases in the ammonium collected onto filters, and the uptake of ammonia is rapid (< 10 s), which impacts the filter data.
Laurent Poulain, Gerald Spindler, Achim Grüner, Thomas Tuch, Bastian Stieger, Dominik van Pinxteren, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Hartmut Herrmann, and Alfred Wiedensohler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4973–4994, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4973-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4973-2020, 2020
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The stability and the comparability between ACSM and collocated filter sampling and MPSS measurements was investigated in order to examine the instruments robustness for year-long measurements. Specific attention was paid to the influence of the upper size cutoff diameter to better understand how it might affect the data validation. Recommendations are provided for better on-site quality assurance and quality control of the ACSM, which would be useful for either long-term or intensive campaigns.
Krista Luoma, Aki Virkkula, Pasi Aalto, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Tuukka Petäjä, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-325, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-325, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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The study presents a comparison of three different absorption photometers that measured ambient aerosol particles at a boreal forest site. The study aims to better understand problems related to filter-based measurements. Results show how different correction algorithms, which are used to produce the data, affect the derived optical properties of aerosol particles.
Martin Rigler, Luka Drinovec, Gašper Lavrič, Athanasia Vlachou, André S. H. Prévôt, Jean Luc Jaffrezo, Iasonas Stavroulas, Jean Sciare, Judita Burger, Irena Kranjc, Janja Turšič, Anthony D. A. Hansen, and Griša Močnik
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4333–4351, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4333-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4333-2020, 2020
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Carbonaceous aerosols are a large fraction of fine particulate matter. They are extremely diverse, and they directly impact air quality, visibility, cloud formation and public health. In this paper we present a new instrument and new method to measure carbon content in particulate matter in real time and at a high time resolution. The new method was validated in a 1-month winter field campaign in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Yan Zheng, Xi Cheng, Keren Liao, Yaowei Li, Yong Jie Li, Ru-Jin Huang, Weiwei Hu, Ying Liu, Tong Zhu, Shiyi Chen, Limin Zeng, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Qi Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2457–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2457-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2457-2020, 2020
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This paper provides important information to help researchers to understand the mass quantification and source apportionment by Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers.
Minxing Si, Ying Xiong, Shan Du, and Ke Du
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1693–1707, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1693-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1693-2020, 2020
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The study evaluated the performance of a low-cost PM sensor in ambient conditions and calibrated its readings using simple linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and two more powerful machine-learning algorithms with random search techniques for the best model architectures. The two machine-learning algorithms are XGBoost and a feedforward neural network (NN).
Zhe Jiang, Minzheng Duan, Huizheng Che, Wenxing Zhang, Teruyuki Nakajima, Makiko Hashimoto, Bin Chen, and Akihiro Yamazaki
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1195–1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1195-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1195-2020, 2020
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This study analyzed the aerosol optical properties derived by SKYRAD.pack versions 5.0 and 4.2 using the radiometer measurements over Qionghai and Yucheng in China, which are two new sites of SKYNET. The seasonal variability of the aerosol properties over the two sites were investigated based on SKYRAD.pack V5.0. The validation results provide valuable references for continued improvement of the retrieval algorithms of SKYNET and other aerosol observational networks.
Ernest Nyaku, Robert Loughman, Pawan K. Bhartia, Terry Deshler, Zhong Chen, and Peter R. Colarco
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1071–1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1071-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1071-2020, 2020
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This paper shows the importance of the nature of the aerosol phase function used in the retrieval of the stratospheric aerosol extinction from limb scattering measurements. The aerosol phase function is derived from the parameters using either a unimodal lognormal or gamma aerosol size distribution. These two distributions were fitted to the same aerosol concentration measurements at two altitudes, and depending on the nature of the measurements, each distribution shows its strengths.
Fan Mei, Jian Wang, Jennifer M. Comstock, Ralf Weigel, Martina Krämer, Christoph Mahnke, John E. Shilling, Johannes Schneider, Christiane Schulz, Charles N. Long, Manfred Wendisch, Luiz A. T. Machado, Beat Schmid, Trismono Krisna, Mikhail Pekour, John Hubbe, Andreas Giez, Bernadett Weinzierl, Martin Zoeger, Mira L. Pöhlker, Hans Schlager, Micael A. Cecchini, Meinrat O. Andreae, Scot T. Martin, Suzane S. de Sá, Jiwen Fan, Jason Tomlinson, Stephen Springston, Ulrich Pöschl, Paulo Artaxo, Christopher Pöhlker, Thomas Klimach, Andreas Minikin, Armin Afchine, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 661–684, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-661-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-661-2020, 2020
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In 2014, the US DOE G1 aircraft and the German HALO aircraft overflew the Amazon basin to study how aerosols influence cloud cycles under a clean condition and around a tropical megacity. This paper describes how to meaningfully compare similar measurements from two research aircraft and identify the potential measurement issue. We also discuss the uncertainty range for each measurement for further usage in model evaluation and satellite data validation.
Andebo Waza, Kilian Schneiders, Jan May, Sergio Rodríguez, Bernd Epple, and Konrad Kandler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6647–6665, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6647-2019, 2019
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Deposition or other passive measurement techniques are used to sample mineral dust from the atmosphere. However, there exist a multitude of different collection instruments with different, usually not well-characterized sampling efficiencies, so the resulting data might be considerably biased with respect to their size representatively. In the paper, we report on collection properties of different deposition and other passive samplers based on single-particle measurements.
Michael Pikridas, Spiros Bezantakos, Griša Močnik, Christos Keleshis, Fred Brechtel, Iasonas Stavroulas, Gregoris Demetriades, Panayiota Antoniou, Panagiotis Vouterakos, Marios Argyrides, Eleni Liakakou, Luka Drinovec, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Jean Sciare
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6425–6447, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6425-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6425-2019, 2019
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This work evaluates the performance of three sensors that monitor black carbon (soot). These sensors exhibit similar behavior to their rack-mounted counterparts and are therefore promising for more extended use. A reconstruction of the black carbon mass vertical distribution above Athens, Greece, is shown using drones, similar to those acquired by remote-sensing techniques. The potential of combining miniature sensors with drones for at least the lower part of the atmosphere is exhibited.
Bonne Ford, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Eric Wendt, Marilee Long, Shantanu Jathar, John Mehaffy, Jessica Tryner, Casey Quinn, Lizette van Zyl, Christian L'Orange, Daniel Miller-Lionberg, and John Volckens
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6385–6399, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6385-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6385-2019, 2019
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This study demonstrates the use of a low-cost sensor in a citizen-science network, Citizen-Enabled Aerosol Measurements for Satellites (CEAMS), to measure air quality in participants’ backyards. The pilot network was conducted in the fall and winter of 2017 in northern Colorado. Measurements of aerosols taken by the citizens are also compared to standard air quality instruments.
Honey Dawn C. Alas, Kay Weinhold, Francesca Costabile, Antonio Di Ianni, Thomas Müller, Sascha Pfeifer, Luca Di Liberto, Jay R. Turner, and Alfred Wiedensohler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4697–4712, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4697-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4697-2019, 2019
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Traffic-related air pollutants are highly variable in space. To determine their spatial distribution in relation to human exposure, portable black carbon and PM2.5 mass concentration sensors aboard mobile platforms can be used. High-spatial-resolution data can help improve exposure estimates. The quality of these data becomes increasingly important. This study provides a detailed methodology on how to achieve highly quality assured data from the abovementioned mobile measurements.
Sanna Saarikoski, Leah R. Williams, Steven R. Spielman, Gregory S. Lewis, Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez, Minna Aurela, Susanne V. Hering, Kimmo Teinilä, Philip Croteau, John T. Jayne, Thorsten Hohaus, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Hilkka Timonen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3907–3920, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3907-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3907-2019, 2019
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An air-to-air ultrafine particle concentrator (Aerosol Dynamics Inc. concentrator; ADIc) has been tailored for the low (~ 0.08 L min−1) inlet flow of aerosol mass spectrometers, and it provides a factor of 8–21 enrichment in the concentration of particles. The ADIc was evaluated in laboratory and field measurements. The results showed that the concentration factor depends primarily on the ratio between the sample flow and the output flow and is independent of particle size above about 10 nm.
Nicholas W. Davies, Cathryn Fox, Kate Szpek, Michael I. Cotterell, Jonathan W. Taylor, James D. Allan, Paul I. Williams, Jamie Trembath, Jim M. Haywood, and Justin M. Langridge
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3417–3434, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3417-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3417-2019, 2019
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This research project assesses biases in traditional, filter-based, aerosol absorption measurements by comparison to state-of-the-art, non-filter-based, or in situ, measurements. We assess biases in traditional absorption measurements for three main aerosol types, including dust and fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols. The main results of this study are that the traditional and state-of-the-art absorption measurements are well correlated and that biases in the former are up to 45 %.
Shan Xu, Bin Zou, Yan Lin, Xiuge Zhao, Shenxin Li, and Chenxia Hu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2933–2948, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2933-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2933-2019, 2019
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This study presents strategies of method selection for 100 m scale PM2.5 mapping using a crowdsourced sampling campaign. Interestingly, PM2.5 concentrations in micro-environments varied significantly in intra-urban areas. These local PM2.5 variations can be effectively revealed by crowdsourcing sampling rather than national air quality monitoring sites. The selection of models for fine-scale PM2.5 mapping should be adjusted with the changing sampling and pollution circumstances.
Matteo Reggente, Ann M. Dillner, and Satoshi Takahama
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2287–2312, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2287-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2287-2019, 2019
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We compare state-of-the-art models for predicting functional group composition in atmospheric particulate matter across urban and rural samples collected in a US monitoring network. While trends across models are consistent, absolute abundances can be sensitive to selection of calibration standards, spectral processing procedures, and calibration algorithms. Recommendations for further method development for reducing uncertainties are outlined.
Apoorva Pandey, Nishit J. Shetty, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1365–1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1365-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1365-2019, 2019
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This study quantitatively establishes simple-to-use correction factors for accurately estimating particle-phase light absorption properties from bulk-phase attenuation measurements of Teflon filter samples. Using contact-free optical instrumentation with a two-stream radiative transfer model, we developed a wavelength-independent empirical correction formulation by comparing filter attenuation of aerosol-laden Teflon filter samples with in situ light absorption for a range of real-world fuels.
Rohan Jayaratne, Xiaoting Liu, Phong Thai, Matthew Dunbabin, and Lidia Morawska
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4883–4890, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4883-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4883-2018, 2018
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It is important to correctly interpret the readings reported by low cost airborne particle sensors at high humidity. We demonstrate that deliquescent growth of particles and the formation of fog droplets in the atmosphere can lead to significant increases in particle number and mass concentrations reported by such sensors, unless they are fitted with dryers at the inlet. This is important as air quality standards for particles are specifically limited to solid particles.
Anja H. Tremper, Anna Font, Max Priestman, Samera H. Hamad, Tsai-Chia Chung, Ari Pribadi, Richard J. C. Brown, Sharon L. Goddard, Nathalie Grassineau, Krag Petterson, Frank J. Kelly, and David C. Green
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3541–3557, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3541-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3541-2018, 2018
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Measuring the chemical composition of airborne particulates can provide valuable information on the concentration of regulated toxic metals and their sources and assist in the identification and validation of abatement techniques. Undertaking these measurements at a high time resolution enables computer modelling techniques to be more robustly linked to emission processes. This study describes a comprehensive laboratory and field evaluation of a high time resolution metal monitoring instrument.
Jie Zhang, Joseph P. Marto, and James J. Schwab
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2995–3005, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2995-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2995-2018, 2018
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The performance of two kinds of optical instruments for aerosol mass measurements was explained by a Mie scattering theory. At the same time, the response of optical instruments for ambient aerosol with different size, chemical composition, and refractive index were also studied. These would help evaluate the applicability and limitations of these optical scattering instruments.
Jungbin Mok, Nickolay A. Krotkov, Omar Torres, Hiren Jethva, Zhanqing Li, Jhoon Kim, Ja-Ho Koo, Sujung Go, Hitoshi Irie, Gordon Labow, Thomas F. Eck, Brent N. Holben, Jay Herman, Robert P. Loughman, Elena Spinei, Seoung Soo Lee, Pradeep Khatri, and Monica Campanelli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2295–2311, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2295-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2295-2018, 2018
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Measuring aerosol absorption from the shortest ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is important for studies of climate, tropospheric photochemistry, human health, and agricultural productivity. We estimate the accuracy and demonstrate consistency of aerosol absorption retrievals from different instruments, after accounting for spectrally varying surface albedo and gaseous absorption.
Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Ralf Tillmann, Thorsten Hohaus, Markus Müller, Philipp Eichler, Kang-Ming Xu, Patrick Schlag, Sebastian H. Schmitt, Robert Wegener, Martin Kaminski, Rupert Holzinger, Armin Wisthaler, and Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1481–1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1481-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1481-2018, 2018
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This manuscript presents an intercomparison of state-of-the-art online and in situ particle sampling techniques connected to proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Collection and vaporization of aerosol combined with soft ionization mass spectrometry offers the advantage of detailed chemical characterization of SOA species. The benefits of these techniques are highlighted through their consistency in providing the chemical composition of biogenic SOA.
Yinghe Fu, Karine Desboeufs, Julie Vincent, Elisabeth Bon Nguyen, Benoit Laurent, Remi Losno, and François Dulac
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4389–4401, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4389-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4389-2017, 2017
Markus Furger, María Cruz Minguillón, Varun Yadav, Jay G. Slowik, Christoph Hüglin, Roman Fröhlich, Krag Petterson, Urs Baltensperger, and André S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2061–2076, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2061-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2061-2017, 2017
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An Xact 625 Ambient Metals Monitor was tested during a 3-week summer field campaign at a rural, traffic-influenced site in Switzerland. The objective was to characterize the operation of the instrument, evaluate the data quality by intercomparison with other independent measurements, and test its applicability for aerosol source quantification. The results demonstrate significant advantages compared to traditional elemental analysis methods, with some desirable improvements.
Hanna E. Manninen, Sander Mirme, Aadu Mirme, Tuukka Petäjä, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3577–3605, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3577-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3577-2016, 2016
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This paper reports a standard operation procedure (SOP) for a Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) to detect small clusters and nucleation mode particles. The NAIS measures number size distributions of charged and neutral aerosol particles. The SOP is needed to provide comparable results measured by NAIS users around the world. The work is based on discussions between the NAIS users (lead by University of Helsinki, Finland) and the NAIS manufacturer (Airel Ltd., Estonia).
Sascha Pfeifer, Thomas Müller, Kay Weinhold, Nadezda Zikova, Sebastiao Martins dos Santos, Angela Marinoni, Oliver F. Bischof, Carsten Kykal, Ludwig Ries, Frank Meinhardt, Pasi Aalto, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Alfred Wiedensohler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1545–1551, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1545-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1545-2016, 2016
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15 aerodynamic particle size spectrometers (APS model 3321, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) were compared with a focus on flow rates accuracy, particle sizing, and unit-to-unit variability of the particle number size distribution.
Flow rate deviations were relatively small, while the sizing accuracy was found to be within 10 % compared to polystyrene latex reference particles. The unit-to-unit variability in terms of the particle number size distribution during this study was between 10 % and 60 %.
A. Hecobian, A. Evanoski-Cole, A. Eiguren-Fernandez, A. P. Sullivan, G. S. Lewis, S. V. Hering, and J. L. Collett Jr.
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 525–533, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-525-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-525-2016, 2016
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A newly developed instrument, the Sequential Spot Sampler (S3) was evaluated in the laboratory and field for the hourly measurement of ambient PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate concentrations. The results from the comparison of two S3s and the S3s with other well-established methods show that this instrument is suitable for deployment; provides high-resolution aerosol nitrate and sulfate concentrations while requiring minimal operator involvement and low power input; and has a small footprint.
R. D. García, O. E. García, E. Cuevas, V. E. Cachorro, A. Barreto, C. Guirado-Fuentes, N. Kouremeti, J. J. Bustos, P. M. Romero-Campos, and A. M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 53–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-53-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-53-2016, 2016
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This paper presents the reconstruction of a 73-year time series of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm at the subtropical high-mountain Izaña Atmospheric Observatory (IZO) located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). For this purpose, we have combined AOD estimates from artificial neural networks (ANNs) from 1941 to 2001 and AOD measurements directly obtained with a precision filter radiometer (PFR) between 2003 and 2013.
J. Timkovsky, A. W. H. Chan, T. Dorst, A. H. Goldstein, B. Oyama, and R. Holzinger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 5177–5187, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5177-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5177-2015, 2015
Y. Eissa, P. Blanc, L. Wald, and H. Ghedira
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 5099–5112, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5099-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5099-2015, 2015
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This study investigates whether the spectral aerosol optical properties of the AERONET stations are sufficient for an accurate modelling of the monochromatic beam and circumsolar irradiances under cloud-free conditions in a desert environment. By comparing the modelled irradiances against reference ground measurements, the monochromatic beam and circumsolar irradiances may very well be modelled using a set of inputs extracted from the AERONET data.
V. Crenn, J. Sciare, P. L. Croteau, S. Verlhac, R. Fröhlich, C. A. Belis, W. Aas, M. Äijälä, A. Alastuey, B. Artiñano, D. Baisnée, N. Bonnaire, M. Bressi, M. Canagaratna, F. Canonaco, C. Carbone, F. Cavalli, E. Coz, M. J. Cubison, J. K. Esser-Gietl, D. C. Green, V. Gros, L. Heikkinen, H. Herrmann, C. Lunder, M. C. Minguillón, G. Močnik, C. D. O'Dowd, J. Ovadnevaite, J.-E. Petit, E. Petralia, L. Poulain, M. Priestman, V. Riffault, A. Ripoll, R. Sarda-Estève, J. G. Slowik, A. Setyan, A. Wiedensohler, U. Baltensperger, A. S. H. Prévôt, J. T. Jayne, and O. Favez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 5063–5087, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5063-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5063-2015, 2015
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A large intercomparison study of 13 Q-ACSM was conducted for a 3-week period in the region of Paris to evaluate the performance of this instrument and to monitor the major NR-PM1 chemical components. Reproducibility expanded uncertainties of Q-ACSM concentration measurements were found to be 9, 15, 19, 28, and 36% for NR-PM1, NO3, OM, SO4, and NH4, respectively. Some recommendations regarding best calibration practices, standardized data processing and data treatment are also provided.
Y. Cheng and K.-B. He
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2639–2648, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2639-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2639-2015, 2015
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We measure carbonaceous aerosol in Beijing with different sampling configurations and frequencies. It is commonly believed that increasing sampling duration can reduce the influence of the positive sampling artifact and meanwhile does not affect the EC measurement. However, here we demonstrate that this is not necessarily the case. Particularly, we find that the negative sampling artifact of a bare quartz filter could be remarkably enhanced due to the uptake of water vapor by the filter medium.
R. Fröhlich, V. Crenn, A. Setyan, C. A. Belis, F. Canonaco, O. Favez, V. Riffault, J. G. Slowik, W. Aas, M. Aijälä, A. Alastuey, B. Artiñano, N. Bonnaire, C. Bozzetti, M. Bressi, C. Carbone, E. Coz, P. L. Croteau, M. J. Cubison, J. K. Esser-Gietl, D. C. Green, V. Gros, L. Heikkinen, H. Herrmann, J. T. Jayne, C. R. Lunder, M. C. Minguillón, G. Močnik, C. D. O'Dowd, J. Ovadnevaite, E. Petralia, L. Poulain, M. Priestman, A. Ripoll, R. Sarda-Estève, A. Wiedensohler, U. Baltensperger, J. Sciare, and A. S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2555–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2555-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2555-2015, 2015
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Source apportionment (SA) of organic aerosol mass spectrometric data measured with the Aerodyne ACSM using PMF/ME2 is a frequently used technique in the AMS/ACSM community. ME2 uncertainties due to instrument-to-instrument variations are elucidated by performing SA on ambient data from 14 individual, co-located ACSMs, recorded during the first ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison study at SIRTA near Paris (France). The mean uncertainty was 17.2%. Recommendations for future studies using ME2 are provided.
G. Snider, C. L. Weagle, R. V. Martin, A. van Donkelaar, K. Conrad, D. Cunningham, C. Gordon, M. Zwicker, C. Akoshile, P. Artaxo, N. X. Anh, J. Brook, J. Dong, R. M. Garland, R. Greenwald, D. Griffith, K. He, B. N. Holben, R. Kahn, I. Koren, N. Lagrosas, P. Lestari, Z. Ma, J. Vanderlei Martins, E. J. Quel, Y. Rudich, A. Salam, S. N. Tripathi, C. Yu, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Brauer, A. Cohen, M. D. Gibson, and Y. Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 505–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-505-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-505-2015, 2015
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We have initiated a global network of ground-level monitoring stations to measure concentrations of fine aerosols in urban environments. Our findings include major ions species, total mass, and total scatter at three wavelengths. Results will be used to further evaluate and enhance satellite remote sensing estimates.
N. M. Kreisberg, D. R. Worton, Y. Zhao, G. Isaacman, A. H. Goldstein, and S. V. Hering
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4431–4444, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4431-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4431-2014, 2014
K. C. Kaku, J. S. Reid, N. T. O'Neill, P. K. Quinn, D. J. Coffman, and T. F. Eck
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3399–3412, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3399-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3399-2014, 2014
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Short summary
Spectral direct UV–visible normal solar irradiance, measured with an EKO MS-711 grating spectroradiometer at the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory (Spain), has been used to determine aerosol optical depth (AOD) at several wavelengths, and has been compared to synchronous AOD measurements from a reference AERONET (Aerosol RObotic NETwork) Cimel sun photometer.
Spectral direct UV–visible normal solar irradiance, measured with an EKO MS-711 grating...
