Articles | Volume 3, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-593-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-593-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
12 May 2010
Total Peroxy Nitrates (ΣPNs) in the atmosphere: the Thermal Dissociation-Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) technique and comparisons to speciated PAN measurements
P. J. Wooldridge
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
A. E. Perring
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
T. H. Bertram
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
F. M. Flocke
NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO, USA
J. M. Roberts
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
H. B. Singh
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
L. G. Huey
School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
J. A. Thornton
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
G. M. Wolfe
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
J. G. Murphy
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J. L. Fry
Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
A. W. Rollins
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
B. W. LaFranchi
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
R. C. Cohen
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Technique: In Situ Measurement | Topic: Validation and Intercomparisons
Real-time measurement of phase partitioning of organic compounds using a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled to a CHARON inlet
A quantitative comparison of methods used to measure smaller methane emissions typically observed from superannuated oil and gas infrastructure
Comparing airborne algorithms for greenhouse gas flux measurements over the Alberta oil sands
Intercomparison of commercial analyzers for atmospheric ethane and methane observations
Characterization of inexpensive metal oxide sensor performance for trace methane detection
Intercomparison of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric water vapor measurements over the Asian Summer Monsoon during the StratoClim campaign
Air pollution measurement errors: is your data fit for purpose?
Performance characterization of low-cost air quality sensors for off-grid deployment in rural Malawi
Comment on “Comparison of ozone measurement methods in biomass burning smoke: an evaluation under field and laboratory conditions” by Long et al. (2021)
Homogenization of the Observatoire de Haute Provence electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data record: comparison with lidar and satellite observations
Long-term behavior and stability of calibration models for NO and NO2 low-cost sensors
Controlled-release experiment to investigate uncertainties in UAV-based emission quantification for methane point sources
Ozone formation sensitivity study using machine learning coupled with the reactivity of volatile organic compound species
Evaluating uncertainty in sensor networks for urban air pollution insights
Estimating oil sands emissions using horizontal path-integrated column measurements
Global evaluation of the precipitable-water-vapor product from MERSI-II (Medium Resolution Spectral Imager) on board the Fengyun-3D satellite
Field testing two flux footprint models
Validation of a new cavity ring-down spectrometer for measuring tropospheric gaseous hydrogen chloride
Comparison of formaldehyde measurements by Hantzsch, CRDS and DOAS in the SAPHIR chamber
A field intercomparison of three passive air samplers for gaseous mercury in ambient air
Beef cattle methane emissions measured with tracer-ratio and inverse dispersion modelling techniques
Methane emissions from an oil sands tailings pond: a quantitative comparison of fluxes derived by different methods
Performance of open-path GasFinder3 devices for CH4 concentration measurements close to ambient levels
Water vapor density and turbulent fluxes from three generations of infrared gas analyzers
Quantifying fugitive gas emissions from an oil sands tailings pond with open-path Fourier transform infrared measurements
Robust statistical calibration and characterization of portable low-cost air quality monitoring sensors to quantify real-time O3 and NO2 concentrations in diverse environments
A miniature Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) for real-driving monitoring of motorcycles
In situ measurement of CO2 and CH4 from aircraft over northeast China and comparison with OCO-2 data
Mobile-platform measurement of air pollutant concentrations in California: performance assessment, statistical methods for evaluating spatial variations, and spatial representativeness
Continuous methane concentration measurements at the Greenland ice sheet–atmosphere interface using a low-cost, low-power metal oxide sensor system
The development of the Atmospheric Measurements by Ultra-Light Spectrometer (AMULSE) greenhouse gas profiling system and application for satellite retrieval validation
Atmospheric observations of the water vapour continuum in the near-infrared windows between 2500 and 6600 cm−1
Intercomparison study of atmospheric 222Rn and 222Rn progeny monitors
Sources of error in open-path FTIR measurements of N2O and CO2 emitted from agricultural fields
Constraining the accuracy of flux estimates using OTM 33A
Evaluating the measurement interference of wet rotating-denuder–ion chromatography in measuring atmospheric HONO in a highly polluted area
Intercomparison of nitrous acid (HONO) measurement techniques in a megacity (Beijing)
Validity and limitations of simple reaction kinetics to calculate concentrations of organic compounds from ion counts in PTR-MS
Recent advances in measurement techniques for atmospheric carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide observations
True eddy accumulation trace gas flux measurements: proof of concept
Simultaneous detection of C2H6, CH4, and δ13C-CH4 using optical feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region: towards application for dissolved gas measurements
An improved low-power measurement of ambient NO2 and O3 combining electrochemical sensor clusters and machine learning
Comparison of slant open-path flux gradient and static closed chamber techniques to measure soil N2O emissions
Field measurements of methylglyoxal using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry and comparison to the DNPH–HPLC–UV method
How well can global chemistry models calculate the reactivity of short-lived greenhouse gases in the remote troposphere, knowing the chemical composition
Estimation of nocturnal CO2 and N2O soil emissions from changes in surface boundary layer mass storage
Intra-urban spatial variability of surface ozone in Riverside, CA: viability and validation of low-cost sensors
Field calibration of electrochemical NO2 sensors in a citizen science context
Calibration and field testing of cavity ring-down laser spectrometers measuring CH4, CO2, and δ13CH4 deployed on towers in the Marcellus Shale region
Calibration and assessment of electrochemical air quality sensors by co-location with regulatory-grade instruments
Yarong Peng, Hongli Wang, Yaqin Gao, Shengao Jing, Shuhui Zhu, Dandan Huang, Peizhi Hao, Shengrong Lou, Tiantao Cheng, Cheng Huang, and Xuan Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 15–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-15-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-15-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work examined the phase partitioning behaviors of organic compounds at hourly resolution in ambient conditions with the use of the CHemical Analysis of aeRosols ONline (CHARON) inlet coupled to a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). Properly accounting for the neutral losses of small moieties during the molecular feature extraction from PTR mass spectra could significantly reduce uncertainties associated with the gas–particle partitioning measurements.
Stuart N. Riddick, Riley Ancona, Mercy Mbua, Clay S. Bell, Aidan Duggan, Timothy L. Vaughn, Kristine Bennett, and Daniel J. Zimmerle
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6285–6296, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6285-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6285-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This describes controlled release experiments at the METEC facility in Fort Collins, USA, that investigates the accuracy and precision of five methods commonly used to measure methane emissions. Methods include static/dynamic chambers, hi flow sampling, a backward Lagrangian stochastic method, and a Gaussian plume method. This is the first time that methods for measuring CH4 emissions from point sources less than 200 g CH4 h−1 have been quantitively assessed against references and each other.
Broghan M. Erland, Cristen Adams, Andrea Darlington, Mackenzie L. Smith, Andrew K. Thorpe, Gregory R. Wentworth, Steve Conley, John Liggio, Shao-Meng Li, Charles E. Miller, and John A. Gamon
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5841–5859, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5841-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5841-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is essential to reaching net-zero goals to combat the climate crisis. Airborne box-flights are ideal for assessing regional GHG emissions, as they can attain small error. We compare two box-flight algorithms and found they produce similar results, but daily variability must be considered when deriving emissions inventories. Increasing the consistency and agreement between airborne methods moves us closer to achieving more accurate estimates.
Roisin Commane, Andrew Hallward-Driemeier, and Lee T. Murray
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-272, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-272, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Methane / ethane ratios can be used to identify and partition the difference sources of methane, especially in areas with natural gas mixed with biogenic methane emissions, such as cities. We tested three commercially available laser-based analyzers for sensitivity, precision, size, power requirement, ease of use on mobile platforms, and expertise needed to operate the instrument and make recommendations for use in various situations.
Daniel Furuta, Tofigh Sayahi, Jinsheng Li, Bruce Wilson, Albert A. Presto, and Jiayu Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5117–5128, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is a major greenhouse gas and contributor to climate change with various human-caused and natural sources. Currently, atmospheric methane is expensive to sense. We investigate repurposing cheap methane safety sensors for atmospheric sensing, finding several promising sensors and identifying some of the challenges in this approach. This work will help in developing inexpensive sensor networks for methane monitoring, which will aid in reducing methane leaks and emissions.
Clare E. Singer, Benjamin W. Clouser, Sergey M. Khaykin, Martina Krämer, Francesco Cairo, Thomas Peter, Alexey Lykov, Christian Rolf, Nicole Spelten, Armin Afchine, Simone Brunamonti, and Elisabeth J. Moyer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4767–4783, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In situ measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere are necessary to study cloud formation and hydration of the stratosphere but challenging due to cold–dry conditions. We compare measurements from three water vapor instruments from the StratoClim campaign in 2017. In clear sky (clouds), point-by-point differences were <1.5±8 % (<1±8 %). This excellent agreement allows detection of fine-scale structures required to understand the impact of convection on stratospheric water vapor.
Sebastian Diez, Stuart E. Lacy, Thomas J. Bannan, Michael Flynn, Tom Gardiner, David Harrison, Nicholas Marsden, Nicholas A. Martin, Katie Read, and Pete M. Edwards
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4091–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4091-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4091-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Regardless of the cost of the measuring instrument, there are no perfect measurements. For this reason, we compare the quality of the information provided by cheap devices when they are used to measure air pollutants and we try to emphasise that before judging the potential usefulness of the devices, the user must specify his own needs. Since commonly used performance indices/metrics can be misleading in qualifying this, we propose complementary visual analysis to the more commonly used metrics.
Ashley S. Bittner, Eben S. Cross, David H. Hagan, Carl Malings, Eric Lipsky, and Andrew P. Grieshop
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3353–3376, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present findings from a 1-year pilot deployment of low-cost integrated air quality sensor packages in rural Malawi using calibration models developed during collocation with US regulatory monitors. We compare the results with data from remote sensing products and previous field studies. We conclude that while the remote calibration approach can help extract useful data, great care is needed when assessing low-cost sensor data collected in regions without reference instrumentation.
Noah Bernays, Daniel A. Jaffe, Irina Petropavlovskikh, and Peter Effertz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3189–3192, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3189-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3189-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is an important pollutant that impacts millions of people worldwide. It is therefore important to ensure accurate measurements. A recent surge in wildfire activity in the USA has resulted in significant enhancements in ozone concentration. However given the nature of wildfire smoke, there are questions about our ability to accurately measure ozone. In this comment, we discuss possible biases in the UV measurements of ozone in the presence of smoke.
Gérard Ancellet, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Herman G. J. Smit, Ryan M. Stauffer, Roeland Van Malderen, Renaud Bodichon, and Andrea Pazmiño
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3105–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 1991–2021 Observatoire de Haute Provence electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data have been homogenized according to the recommendations of the Ozonesonde Data Quality Assessment panel. Comparisons with ground-based instruments also measuring ozone at the same station (lidar, surface measurements) and with colocated satellite observations show the benefits of this homogenization. Remaining differences between ECC and other observations in the stratosphere are also discussed.
Horim Kim, Michael Müller, Stephan Henne, and Christoph Hüglin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2979–2992, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2979-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2979-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the performance of electrochemical sensors for NO and NO2 for measuring air quality was determined over a longer operating period. The performance of NO sensors remained reliable for more than 18 months. However, the NO2 sensors showed decreasing performance over time. During deployment, we found that the NO2 sensors can distinguish general pollution levels, but they proved unsuitable for accurate measurements due to significant biases.
Randulph Morales, Jonas Ravelid, Katarina Vinkovic, Piotr Korbeń, Béla Tuzson, Lukas Emmenegger, Huilin Chen, Martina Schmidt, Sebastian Humbel, and Dominik Brunner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2177–2198, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Mapping trace gas emission plumes using in situ measurements from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an emerging and attractive possibility to quantify emissions from localized sources. We performed an extensive controlled-release experiment to develop an optimal quantification method and to determine the related uncertainties under various environmental and sampling conditions. Our approach was successful in quantifying local methane sources from drone-based measurements.
Junlei Zhan, Yongchun Liu, Wei Ma, Xin Zhang, Xuezhong Wang, Fang Bi, Yujie Zhang, Zhenhai Wu, and Hong Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1511–1520, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1511-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1511-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigated the O3 formation sensitivity in Beijing using a random forest model coupled with the reactivity of volatile organic
compound (VOC) species. Results found that random forest accurately predicted O3 concentration when initial VOCs were considered, and relative importance correlated well with O3 formation potential. The O3 isopleth curves calculated by the random forest model were generally comparable with those calculated by the box model.
Daniel R. Peters, Olalekan A. M. Popoola, Roderic L. Jones, Nicholas A. Martin, Jim Mills, Elizabeth R. Fonseca, Amy Stidworthy, Ella Forsyth, David Carruthers, Megan Dupuy-Todd, Felicia Douglas, Katie Moore, Rishabh U. Shah, Lauren E. Padilla, and Ramón A. Alvarez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 321–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-321-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present more than 2 years of NO2 pollution measurements from a sensor network in Greater London and compare results to an extensive network of expensive reference-grade monitors. We show the ability of our lower-cost network to generate robust insights about local air pollution. We also show how irregularities in sensor performance lead to some uncertainty in results and demonstrate ways that future users can characterize and mitigate uncertainties to get the most value from sensor data.
Timothy G. Pernini, T. Scott Zaccheo, Jeremy Dobler, and Nathan Blume
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 225–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-225-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-225-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate a novel approach to estimating emissions from oil sands operations that utilizes the GreenLITE™ gas concentration measurement system and an atmospheric model. While deployed at a facility in the Athabasca region of Alberta, Canada, CH4 emissions from a tailings pond were estimated to be 7.2 t/d for July–October 2019, and 5.1 t/d for March–July 2020. CH4 emissions from an open-pit mine were estimated to be 24.6 t/d for September–October 2019.
Wengang Zhang, Ling Wang, Yang Yu, Guirong Xu, Xiuqing Hu, Zhikang Fu, and Chunguang Cui
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7821–7834, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7821-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7821-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Global precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from MERSI-II (Medium Resolution Spectral Imager) is compared with PWV from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA). Our results show a good agreement between PWV from MERSI-II and IGRA and that MERSI-II PWV is slightly underestimated on the whole, especially in summer. The bias between MERSI-II and IGRA grows with a larger spatial distance between the footprint of the satellite and the IGRA station, as well as increasing PWV.
Trevor W. Coates, Monzurul Alam, Thomas K. Flesch, and Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7147–7152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A field study tested two footprint models for calculating surface emissions from downwind flux measurements. Emission rates from a 10 × 10 m synthetic source were estimated with the simple Kormann–Meixner model and a sophisticated Lagrangian stochastic model. Both models underestimated emissions by approximately 30 %, and no statistical differences were observed between the models. Footprint models are critically important for interpreting eddy covariance measurements.
Teles C. Furlani, Patrick R. Veres, Kathryn E. R. Dawe, J. Andrew Neuman, Steven S. Brown, Trevor C. VandenBoer, and Cora J. Young
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5859–5871, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5859-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5859-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterized and validated a commercial spectroscopic instrument for the measurement of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the atmosphere. Near the Earth’s surface, HCl acts as the dominant reservoir for other chlorine-containing reactive chemicals that play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. The properties of HCl make it challenging to measure. This instrument can overcome many of these challenges, enabling reliable HCl measurements.
Marvin Glowania, Franz Rohrer, Hans-Peter Dorn, Andreas Hofzumahaus, Frank Holland, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Andreas Wahner, and Hendrik Fuchs
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4239–4253, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Three instruments that use different techniques to measure gaseous formaldehyde concentrations were compared in experiments in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Jülich. The results demonstrated the need to correct the baseline in measurements by instruments that use the Hantzsch reaction or make use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy. After applying corrections, all three methods gave accurate and precise measurements within their specifications.
Attilio Naccarato, Antonella Tassone, Maria Martino, Sacha Moretti, Antonella Macagnano, Emiliano Zampetti, Paolo Papa, Joshua Avossa, Nicola Pirrone, Michelle Nerentorp, John Munthe, Ingvar Wängberg, Geoff W. Stupple, Carl P. J. Mitchell, Adam R. Martin, Alexandra Steffen, Diana Babi, Eric M. Prestbo, Francesca Sprovieri, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3657–3672, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3657-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3657-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury monitoring in support of the Minamata Convention requires effective and reliable analytical tools. Passive sampling is a promising approach for creating a sustainable long-term network for atmospheric mercury with improved spatial resolution and global coverage. In this study the analytical performance of three passive air samplers (CNR-PAS, IVL-PAS, and MerPAS) was assessed over extended deployment periods and the accuracy of concentrations was judged by comparison with active sampling.
Mei Bai, José I. Velazco, Trevor W. Coates, Frances A. Phillips, Thomas K. Flesch, Julian Hill, David G. Mayer, Nigel W. Tomkins, Roger S. Hegarty, and Deli Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3469–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3469-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3469-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The development and validation of management practices to mitigate methane (CH4) emissions from livestock require accurate emission measurements. We compared the inverse dispersion modelling (IDM) and tracer-ratio techniques to measure CH4 emissions from cattle. Both measurements agreed well but were higher than IPCC estimates. We suggest that the IDM approach can provide an accurate method of estimating cattle emissions, and IPCC estimates may have larger uncertainties.
Yuan You, Ralf M. Staebler, Samar G. Moussa, James Beck, and Richard L. Mittermeier
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1879–1892, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1879-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1879-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Tailings ponds in the Alberta oil sands can be significant sources of methane, an important greenhouse gas. This paper describes a 1-month study conducted in 2017 to measure methane emissions from a pond using a variety of micrometeorological flux methods and demonstrates some advantages of these methods over flux chambers.
Christoph Häni, Marcel Bühler, Albrecht Neftel, Christof Ammann, and Thomas Kupper
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1733–1741, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1733-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1733-2021, 2021
Seth Kutikoff, Xiaomao Lin, Steven R. Evett, Prasanna Gowda, David Brauer, Jerry Moorhead, Gary Marek, Paul Colaizzi, Robert Aiken, Liukang Xu, and Clenton Owensby
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1253–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1253-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fast-response infrared gas sensors have been used over 3 decades for long-term monitoring of water vapor fluxes. As optically improved infrared gas sensors are newly employed, we evaluated the performance of water vapor density and water vapor flux from three generations of infrared gas sensors in Bushland, Texas, USA. From our experiments, fluxes from the old sensors were best representative of evapotranspiration based on a world-class lysimeter reference measurement.
Yuan You, Samar G. Moussa, Lucas Zhang, Long Fu, James Beck, and Ralf M. Staebler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 945–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-945-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-945-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Tailings ponds in the Alberta oil sands represent an insufficiently characterized source of fugitive emissions of pollutants to the atmosphere. In this study, a novel approach of using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer along with measurements of atmospheric turbulence is shown to present a practical, non-intrusive method of quantifying emission rates for ammonia, alkanes, and methane. Results from a 1-month field study are presented and discussed.
Ravi Sahu, Ayush Nagal, Kuldeep Kumar Dixit, Harshavardhan Unnibhavi, Srikanth Mantravadi, Srijith Nair, Yogesh Simmhan, Brijesh Mishra, Rajesh Zele, Ronak Sutaria, Vidyanand Motiram Motghare, Purushottam Kar, and Sachchida Nand Tripathi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 37–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-37-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-37-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A unique feature of our low-cost sensor deployment is a swap-out experiment wherein four of the six sensors were relocated to different sites in the two phases. The swap-out experiment is crucial in investigating the efficacy of calibration models when applied to weather and air quality conditions vastly different from those present during calibration. We developed a novel local calibration algorithm based on metric learning that offers stable and accurate calibration performance.
Michal Vojtisek-Lom, Alessandro A. Zardini, Martin Pechout, Lubos Dittrich, Fausto Forni, François Montigny, Massimo Carriero, Barouch Giechaskiel, and Giorgio Martini
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5827–5843, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5827-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5827-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The feasibility of monitoring on-road emissions from small motorcycles with two highly compact portable emissions monitoring systems was evaluated on three motorcycles, with positive results. Mass emissions measured on the road were consistent among repeated runs, with differences between laboratory and on-road tests much larger than those between portable and laboratory systems, which were, on the average, within units of percent over standard test cycles.
Xiaoyu Sun, Minzheng Duan, Yang Gao, Rui Han, Denghui Ji, Wenxing Zhang, Nong Chen, Xiangao Xia, Hailei Liu, and Yanfeng Huo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3595–3607, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3595-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3595-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The accurate measurement of greenhouse gases and their vertical distribution in the atmosphere is significant to the study of climate change and satellite remote sensing. Carbon dioxide and methane between 0.6 and 7 km were measured by the aircraft King Air 350ER in Jiansanjiang, northeast China, on 7–11 August 2018. The profiles show strong variation with the altitude and time, so the vertical structure of gases should be taken into account in the current satellite retrieval algorithm.
Paul A. Solomon, Dena Vallano, Melissa Lunden, Brian LaFranchi, Charles L. Blanchard, and Stephanie L. Shaw
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3277–3301, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3277-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3277-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Analyzing street-level air pollutants (2016–2017), this assessment indicates that mobile measurement is precise and accurate (5 % to 25 % bias) relative to regulatory sites, with higher spatial resolution. Collocated sensor measurements in California showed differences less than 20 %, suggesting that greater differences represent spatial variability. Mobile data confirm regulatory-site spatial representation and that pollutant levels can also be 6 to 8 times higher just blocks apart.
Christian Juncher Jørgensen, Jacob Mønster, Karsten Fuglsang, and Jesper Riis Christiansen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3319–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3319-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3319-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Recent discoveries have shown large emissions of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere from meltwater at the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). Low-cost and low-power gas sensor technology offers great potential to supplement CH4 measurements using very expensive reference analyzers under harsh and remote conditions. In this paper we evaluate the in situ performance at the GrIS of a low-cost CH4 sensor to a state-of-the-art analyzer and find very excellent agreement between the two methods.
Lilian Joly, Olivier Coopmann, Vincent Guidard, Thomas Decarpenterie, Nicolas Dumelié, Julien Cousin, Jérémie Burgalat, Nicolas Chauvin, Grégory Albora, Rabih Maamary, Zineb Miftah El Khair, Diane Tzanos, Joël Barrié, Éric Moulin, Patrick Aressy, and Anne Belleudy
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3099–3118, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3099-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3099-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents an instrument weighing less than 3 kg for accurate and rapid measurement of greenhouse gases between 0 and 30 km altitude using a meteorological balloon. This article shows the interest of these measurements for the validation of simulations of infrared satellite observations.
Jonathan Elsey, Marc D. Coleman, Tom D. Gardiner, Kaah P. Menang, and Keith P. Shine
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2335–2361, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2335-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2335-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapour is an important component in trying to understand the flows of energy between the Sun and Earth, since it is opaque to radiation emitted by both the surface and the Sun. In this paper, we study how it absorbs sunlight by way of its
continuum, a property which is poorly understood and with few measurements. Our results indicate that this continuum absorption may be more significant than previously thought, potentially impacting satellite observations and climate studies.
Claudia Grossi, Scott D. Chambers, Olivier Llido, Felix R. Vogel, Victor Kazan, Alessandro Capuana, Sylvester Werczynski, Roger Curcoll, Marc Delmotte, Arturo Vargas, Josep-Anton Morguí, Ingeborg Levin, and Michel Ramonet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2241–2255, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2241-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2241-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The sustainable support of radon metrology at the environmental level offers new scientific possibilities for the quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the determination of their source terms as well as for the identification of radioactive sources for the assessment of radiation exposure. This study helps to harmonize the techniques commonly used for atmospheric radon and radon progeny activity concentration measurements.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Richard H. Grant, Albert J. Heber, and Cliff T. Johnston
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2001–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2001-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2001-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Gas quantification using the open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (OP-FTIR) is subject to interferences of environmental variables, leading to errors in gas concentration calculations. This study investigated the effects of ambient water vapour content, temperature, path lengths, and wind speed on the quantification of N2O and CO2 concentrations, which can help the OP-FTIR users to avoid these errors and improve the precision and accuracy of the atmospheric gas quantification.
Rachel Edie, Anna M. Robertson, Robert A. Field, Jeffrey Soltis, Dustin A. Snare, Daniel Zimmerle, Clay S. Bell, Timothy L. Vaughn, and Shane M. Murphy
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 341–353, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-341-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-341-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-based measurements of emissions from oil and natural gas production are important for understanding emission distributions and improving emission inventories. Here, measurement technique Other Test Method 33A (OTM 33A) is validated through several test releases staged at the Methane Emissions Technology Evaluation Center. These tests suggest OTM 33A has no inherent bias and that a group of OTM measurements is within 5 % of the known mean emission rate.
Zheng Xu, Yuliang Liu, Wei Nie, Peng Sun, Xuguang Chi, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6737–6748, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6737-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6737-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the performance of HONO measurement by a wet-denuder--ion0chromatography system (WD/IC, MARGA). We found significant artificial HONO formed from the reaction of NO2 oxidizing SO2 in the denuder solution. High ambient NH3 would elevate the pH of the denuder solution and promote the overestimation of HONO. A method was established to correct the HONO measurement by WD/IC instruments.
Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, Bin Ouyang, Jun Duan, Wenqian Zhang, Shengrui Tong, Maofa Ge, Ke Tang, Min Qin, Pinhua Xie, Marvin D. Shaw, Alastair C. Lewis, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Stephen D. Worrall, Michael Priestley, Asan Bacak, Hugh Coe, James Allan, Carl J. Percival, Olalekan A. M. Popoola, Roderic L. Jones, and William J. Bloss
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6449–6463, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6449-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6449-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) is key species for understanding tropospheric chemistry, yet accurate and precise measurements are challenging. Here we report an inter–comparison exercise of a number of instruments that measured HONO in a highly polluted location (Beijing). All instruments agreed on the temporal trends yet displayed divergence in absolute concentrations. The cause of this divergence was unclear, but it may in part be due to spatial variability in instrument location.
Rupert Holzinger, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Martin Breitenlechner, Leigh R. Crilley, Sébastien Dusanter, Marc Gonin, Valerie Gros, Frank N. Keutsch, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Louisa J. Kramer, Jordan E. Krechmer, Baptiste Languille, Nadine Locoge, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Dušan Materić, Sergi Moreno, Eiko Nemitz, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Roland Sarda Esteve, Stéphane Sauvage, Simon Schallhart, Roberto Sommariva, Ralf Tillmann, Sergej Wedel, David R. Worton, Kangming Xu, and Alexander Zaytsev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6193–6208, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6193-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6193-2019, 2019
Christoph Zellweger, Rainer Steinbrecher, Olivier Laurent, Haeyoung Lee, Sumin Kim, Lukas Emmenegger, Martin Steinbacher, and Brigitte Buchmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5863–5878, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5863-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5863-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed results obtained through CO and N2O performance audits conducted within the framework of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) quality management system of the World Meteorology Organization (WMO). The results reveal that current spectroscopic measurement techniques have clear advantages with respect to data quality objectives compared to more traditional methods. Further, they allow for a smooth continuation of historic CO and N2O time series.
Lukas Siebicke and Anas Emad
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4393–4420, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4393-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4393-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present the emerging flux measurement method
true eddy accumulation(TEA), able to quantify the land–atmosphere exchange of a large number of trace gases which are important for air quality and atmospheric composition. Our innovative implementation provides proof of concept of TEA and compared well to the established reference, outperforming previous works on TEA. Key to the success was the innovative high-speed air sampling and fully digital real-time data processing system.
Loic Lechevallier, Roberto Grilli, Erik Kerstel, Daniele Romanini, and Jérôme Chappellaz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3101–3109, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3101-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3101-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we describe a highly sensitive optical spectrometer for simultaneous measurement of methane, ethane, and the isotopic composition of methane. The coupling of the spectrometer with a dissolved gas extraction system will provide a suitable tool for understanding the origins of the dissolved hydrocarbons and discriminate between the different sources (e.g., biogenic vs. thermogenic).
Kate R. Smith, Peter M. Edwards, Peter D. Ivatt, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, Chengliang Dai, Richard E. Peltier, Mat J. Evans, Yele Sun, and Alastair C. Lewis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1325–1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1325-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1325-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Clusters of low-cost, low-power atmospheric gas sensors were built into a sensor instrument to monitor NO2 and O3 in Beijing, alongside reference instruments, aiming to improve the reliability of sensor measurements. Clustering identical sensors and using the median sensor signal was used to minimize drift over short and medium timescales. Three different machine learning techniques were used for all the sensor data in an attempt to correct for cross-interferences, which worked to some degree.
Mei Bai, Helen Suter, Shu Kee Lam, Thomas K. Flesch, and Deli Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1095–1102, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1095-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1095-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Improving direct field measurement techniques to quantify gas emissions from large agriculture farm is challenging. We measured nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with static closed chambers and slant open-path flux gradient (FG) approaches following chicken manure application. The concurrent emission ratios (FG / chamber) showed N2O fluxes measured by FG were 1.22-1.40 times higher than those from the chambers. This study provides important information for the agriculture gas measurement community.
Vincent Michoud, Stéphane Sauvage, Thierry Léonardis, Isabelle Fronval, Alexandre Kukui, Nadine Locoge, and Sébastien Dusanter
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5729–5740, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5729-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5729-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first measurements of ambient methylglyoxal, an important atmospheric α-dicarbonyl, using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These measurements mostly agree with concomitant measurements from a reference technique: the DNPH derivatization technique and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. In addition, a careful investigation of the differences between the two techniques is carried out to explain the disagreements observed.
Michael J. Prather, Clare M. Flynn, Xin Zhu, Stephen D. Steenrod, Sarah A. Strode, Arlene M. Fiore, Gustavo Correa, Lee T. Murray, and Jean-Francois Lamarque
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2653–2668, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2653-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2653-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new protocol for merging in situ atmospheric chemistry measurements with 3-D models is developed. This technique can identify the most reactive air parcels in terms of tropospheric production/loss of O3 & CH4. This approach highlights differences in 6 global chemistry models even with composition specified. Thus in situ measurements from, e.g., NASA's ATom mission can be used to develop a chemical climatology of, not only the key species, but also the rates of key reactions in each air parcel.
Richard H. Grant and Rex A. Omonode
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2119–2133, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2119-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2119-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Annual emissions of trace gases requires knowledge of the emissions throughout the day and year. Unfortunately emissions into the surface boundary layer during calm nights are rarely measured. During such conditions surface layer concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) often accumulate in the surface boundary layer and the time rate of change of this accumulation was used to estimate emissions. Results showed this approach to be reasonable.
Kira Sadighi, Evan Coffey, Andrea Polidori, Brandon Feenstra, Qin Lv, Daven K. Henze, and Michael Hannigan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1777–1792, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1777-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1777-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone has negative human health impacts. In the summer of 2015, 13 low-cost sensor monitors were deployed to several neighborhoods around Riverside, California. There were significant spatial differences between monitors. This is important because it means that ozone in certain places may be higher than what EPA monitors report for an area, which is pertinent for residents of those communities. This research helps inform the limitations and advantages of low-cost sensor networks.
Bas Mijling, Qijun Jiang, Dave de Jonge, and Stefano Bocconi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1297–1312, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1297-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1297-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Although in many cities the population is exposed to air pollution, real-time air quality is usually only measured at a few locations. New low-cost sensor technology has the potential to extend the monitoring network significantly. We show that citizen science campaigns using the current generations of electrochemical NO2 sensors may provide useful complementary data on local air quality in an urban setting, provided that experiments are properly set up and the data are carefully analysed.
Natasha L. Miles, Douglas K. Martins, Scott J. Richardson, Christopher W. Rella, Caleb Arata, Thomas Lauvaux, Kenneth J. Davis, Zachary R. Barkley, Kathryn McKain, and Colm Sweeney
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1273–1295, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1273-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1273-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Analyzers measuring methane and methane isotopic ratio were deployed at four towers in the Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction region of Pennsylvania. The methane isotopic ratio is helpful for differentiating emissions from natural gas activities from other sources (e.g., landfills). We describe the analyzer calibration. The signals observed in the study region were generally small, but the instrumental performance demonstrated here could be used in regions with stronger enhancements.
David H. Hagan, Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz, Jonathan P. Franklin, Lisa M. M. Wallace, Benjamin D. Kocar, Colette L. Heald, and Jesse H. Kroll
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 315–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-315-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-315-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The use of low-cost sensors for air pollution research has outpaced our understanding of their capabilities and limitations under real-world conditions. Here we describe the deployment, calibration and evaluation of electrochemical sensors on the Island of Hawai‘i. We obtain excellent performance (RMSE < 7 ppb, r2 = 0.997) across a wide dynamic range (1 ppb–2 ppm). We introduce a hybrid regression algorithm which works across a large dynamic range and shows little decay in sensitivity over time.
Cited articles
Anderson, L. C. and Fahey, D. W.: Studies with ClONO2: thermal dissociation rate and catalytic conversion to nitric oxide using an NO/O3 chemiluminescence detector, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 644–652, 1990.
Apodaca, R. L., Simpson, W. R., Ball, S. M., Bauers, T., Brown, S. S., Cohen, R. C., Crowley, J., Dorn, H.-P., Dube, W. P., Fry, J. L., Fuchs, H., Haseler, R., Heitnam, U., Kato, S., Kajii, Y., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kleffmann, J., Labazan, I., Matsumoto, J., Nishada, S., Rollins, A. W., Tillmann, R., Wahner, A., Wegener, R., and Wooldridge, P. J.: Intercomparison of N2O5 sensors using the SAPHIR reaction chamber, Atmos. Chem. and Phys. Discuss., in preparation, 2010.
Atlas, E. L., Ridley, B. A., and Cantrell, C.: The Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) experiment: Introduction, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8353, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003172, 2003.
Baulch, D. L., Duxbury, J., Grant, S. J., and Montague, D. C.: Evaluated kinetic data for high temperature reactions. Volume 4 Homogeneous gas phase reactions of halogen- and cyanide- containing species, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Supplement No. 1 to vol. 10, 1981.
Blanchard, P., Shepson, P. B., Schiff, H. I., and Drummond, J. W.: Development of a gas chromatograph for trace level measurement of peroxyacetyl nitrate using chemical amplification, Anal. Chem., 65, 2472–2477, 1993.
Bouvier-Brown, N. C., Goldstein, A. H., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., and de Gouw, J. A.: In-situ ambient quantification of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and related oxygenated compounds during BEARPEX 2007: implications for gas- and particle-phase chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5505–5518, 2009.
Bowman, J. H., Basket, D. J., and Shepson, P. B.: Atmospheric chemistry of nonanal, Environ. Sci. Tech., 37, 2218–2225, 2003.
Brown, S. S., deGouw, J. A., Warneke, C., Ryerson, T. B., Dubé, W. P., Atlas, E., Weber, R. J., Peltier, R. E., Neuman, J. A., Roberts, J. M., Swanson, A., Flocke, F., McKeen, S. A., Brioude, J., Sommariva, R., Trainer, M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Nocturnal isoprene oxidation over the Northeast United States in summer and its impact on reactive nitrogen partitioning and secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 225–269, 2009.
Browne, E. C., Perring, A. E., Wooldridge, P. J., Cohen, R. C., et al.: CH3OONO2 in the remote troposphere: Implications for NO2 measurements and photochemistry, in preparation, 2010.
Cabañas, B., Salgado. S., Martin, P., Baeza, M. T., Albaladejo, J., and Martinez, E.: Gas-phase rate coefficients and activation energies for the reaction of NO3 radicals with selected branched aliphatic aldehydes, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, 112–116, 2003.
Carrasco, N., Doussin, J.-F., Picquet-Varrault, B., and Carlier, P.: Tropospheric degradation of 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal, a photo-oxidation product of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol: Kinetic and mechanistic study of its photolysis and its reaction with OH radicals, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2011–2019, 2006.
Cicciolli, P. and Mannozzi, M.: High-Molecular-Weight Carbonyls and Carboxylic Acids, in: Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere, R. Koppmann ed., Blackwell, Ames, Iowa, USA, 292–341, 2007.
Cleary, P. A., Wooldridge, P. J., and Cohen, R. C.: Laser-induced Fluorescence Detection of Atmospheric NO2 Using a Commercial Diode Laser and a Supersonic Expansion, Appl. Optics, 41, 6950–6956, 2002.
Cleary, P. A., Murphy, J. G., Wooldridge, P. J., Day, D. A., Millet, D. B., McKay, M., Goldstein, A. H., and Cohen, R. C.: Observations of total alkyl nitrates within the Sacramento Urban Plume, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5, 4801–4843, 2005.
Cleary, P. A., Wooldridge, P. J., Millet, D. B., McKay, M., Goldstein, A. H., and Cohen, R. C.: Observations of total peroxy nitrates and aldehydes: measurement interpretation and inference of OH radical concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1947–1960, 2007.
Crounse, J. D., McKinney, K. A., Kwan, A. J., and Wennberg, P. O.: Measurement of gas-phase hydroperoxides by chemical ionization spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 78, 6726–6732, 2006.
D'Anna, B., Anderson, Ø., Gefen, Z., and Nielson, C. J.: Kinetics of OH and NO3 radical reactions with 14 aliphatic aldehydes, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 3(15) 3057–3063, 2001.
Day, D. A., Wooldridge, P. J., Dillon, M. B., Thornton, J. A., and Cohen, R. C.: A thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence instrument for in situ detection of NO2, peroxynitrates, alkyl nitrates, and HNO3, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D5), 4046, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000779, 2002.
Di Carlo, P., Dari-Salisburgo, C., Aruffo, E., and Giammaria, F.: The behavior of the nitrogen dioxide, total peroxy nitrates, and total alkyl nitrates in the Borneo forest during 2008 OP3 campaign, Eos Trans. AGU, 89(53), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A11C-0141, 2008.
Flocke, F. M., Weinheimer, A. J., Swanson, A. L., Roberts, J. M., Schmitt, R., and Shertz, S.: On the Measurement of PANs by Gas Chromatography and Electron Capture Detection, J. Atmos. Chem., 52, 19–43, 2005.
Fry, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Rollins, A. W., Wooldridge, P. J., Brown, S. S., Fuchs, H., Dubé, W., Mensah, A., dal Maso, M., Tillmann, R., Dorn, H.-P., Brauers, T., and Cohen, R. C.: Organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yield from NO3 oxidation of β-pinene evaluated using a gas-phase kinetics/aerosol partitioning model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1431–1449, 2009.
Glatthor, N., von Clarmann, T., Fischer, H., Funke, B., Grabowski, U., Höpfner, M., Kellmann, S., Kiefer, M., Linden, A., Milz, M., Steck, T., and Stiller, G. P.: Global peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) retrieval in the upper troposphere from limb emission spectra of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2775–2787, 2007.
Grossman, D., Moortgat, G. K., Kibler, M., Schlomski, S., Bachman, K., Alicke, B., Geyer, A., Platt, U., Hammer, M. U., Vogel, B., Mehelcic, D., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., and Volz-thomas, A.: Hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, carbonyl compounds, and organic acids measured at Pabstthum during BERLIOZ, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8250, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001096, 2003.
Horowitz, L. W., Jiang, J. Y., Gardner, G. M., and Jacob, D. J.: Export of reactive nitrogen from North America during summertime: Sensitivity to hydrocarbon emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13451–13476, 1998.
Horowitz, L. W., Fiore, A. M., Milly, G. P., Cohen, R. C., Perring, A., Wooldridge, P. J., Hess, P. G., Emmons, L. K., and Lamarque, J.-F.: Observational constraints on the chemistry of isoprene nitrates over the eastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S08, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007747, 2007.
Hudman, R. C., Jacob, D. J., Cooper, O. C., Evans, M. J., Heald, C. L. Park., R. J., Fehsenfeld, F., Flocke, F., Holloway, J., Hubler, G., Kita, K., Koike, M., Kondo, Y., Neuman, A., Nowak, J., Oltmans, S., Parrish, D., Roberts, J. M., and Ryerson, T.: Ozone production in transpacific Asian pollution plumes and implications for ozone air quality in California, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004974, 2004.
Kim, S., Huey, L. G., Stickel, R. E., Tanner, D. J., Crawford, J. H., Olsen, J. R., Chen, G., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Lesher, R., Wooldridge, P. J., Bertram, T. H., Perring, A. E., Cohen, R. C., Lefer, B., Shetter, R. E., Avery, M., Disken, G., and Sokolik, I.: Measurement of HO2NO2 in the INTEX-NA, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S01, https://doi.org/10/1029/2006JD007676., 2007.
Knauth, H. D. and Martin, H.: Thermal decomposition of ClNO2, Z. Naturforsch., 33a, 1037–1047, 1978.
Krystek, M. and Anton, M.: A weighted total least-squares algorithm for fitting a straight line, Meas. Sci. Technol., 18, 3438–3442, 2007.
LaFranchi, B. W., Wolfe, G. M., Thornton, J. A., Harrold, S. A., Browne, E. C., Min, K. E., Wooldridge, P. J., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., Goldan, P. D., deGouw, J. A., McKay, M., Goldstein, A. H., Ren, X., Mao, J., and Cohen, R. C.: Closing the peroxy acetyl (PA) radical budget: observations of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, PPN, and MPAN) during BEARPEX 2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 9879–9926, 2009.
Lewis, C. A., Carslaw, N., Marriott, P. J., Kinghorn, R. M., Morrison, P., Lee, A. L., Bartle, K. D., and Pilling, M. J.: A larger pool of ozone-forming carbon compounds in urban atmospheres, Nature, 405, 778–781, 2000.
McClenny, W. A., Daughtrey, E. H., Adams, J. R., Oliver, K. D., and Kronmiller, K. G.: Volatile Organic Compound Concentration Patterns at the New Hendersonville Monitoring Site in the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study in the Nashville, Tennessee Area, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22509–22518, 1998.
Méreau, R., Rayez, M.-T., Rayez, J.-C., Caralp, F., and Lesclaux, R.: Theoretical study on the atmospheric fate of carbonyl radicals: kinetics of decomposition reactions, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 3, 4712–4717, 2001.
Millet, D. B., Goldstein, A. H., Holzinger, R., Williams, B., Allan, J. D., Jimenez, J. L.,. Worsnop, D. R., Roberts, J. M., White, A. B., Hudman, R. C., Bertschi, I. T., and Stohl, A.: Chemical characteristics of North American surface-layer outflow: Insights from Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S53, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007287, 2006.
Murphy, J. G., Thornton, J. A., Wooldridge, P. J., Day, D. A., Rosen, R. S., Cantrell, C., Shetter, R. E., Lefer, B., and Cohen, R. C.: Measurements of the sum of HO2NO2 and CH3O2NO2 in the remote troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 377–384, 2004.
Murphy, J. G., Day, D. A., Cleary, P. A., Wooldridge, P. J., and Cohen, R. C.: Observations of the diurnal and seasonal trends in nitrogen oxides in the western Sierra Nevada, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5321–5338, 2006.
Neuman, J. A., Gao, R. S., Schein, M. E., Ciciora, S. J., Holocek, J. C., Thompson, T. L., Winkler, R. H., McLaughlin, R. J., Northway, M. J., Richard, E. C., and Fahey, D. W.: A fast-response chemical ionization mass spectrometer for in situ measurements of HNO3 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Rev. Sci. Inst., 71, 3886–3894, 2000.
Nikitas, C., Clemitshaw, K. C., Oram, D. E., and Penkett, S. A.: Measurements of PAN in the polluted boundary layer and free troposphere using a Luminol-NO2 detector combined with a thermal convertor, J. Atmos. Chem., 28, 339–359, 1997.
Orlando, J. J. and Tyndall, G. S.: Rate coefficients for the thermal decomposition of BrONO2 and the heat of formation of BrONO2, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 19398–19405, 1996.
Orlando, J. J. and Tyndall, G. S.: The atmospheric chemistry of the HC(O)CO radical, Int. J. Chem. Kinetics, 33, 149–156, 2001.
Osthoff, H. D., Roberts, J. M, Ravishankara, A. A., Williams, Eric J., Lerner, B. M., Sommariva, R, Bates, T. S., Coffman, D., Quinn, P. K., Dibb, J. E., Stark, H., Burkholder, J. B., Talukdar, R. K, Meagher, J., Fehsenfeld, F. C. and Brown, S. S.: High levels of nitryl chloride in the polluted subtropical marine boundary layer, Nat. Geosci., 1, 324–328, 2008.
Parrish, D. D., Dunlea, E. J., Atlas, E. L., Schauffler, S., Donnelly, S., Stroud, V., Goldstein, A. H., Millet, D. B., McKay, M., Jaffe, D. A., Price, H. U., Hess, P. G., Flocke, F., and Roberts, J. M.: Changes in the photochemical environment of the temperate North Pacific troposphere in response to increased Asian emissions, J. Geophy. Res., 109, D23S18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004978, 2004.
Parrish, D. D., Millet, D. B., and Goldstein, A. H.: Increasing ozone in marine boundary layer inflow at the west coasts of North America and Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1303–1323, 2009.
Paul, D., Furgeson, A, and Osthoff, H. D.: Measurement of total peroxy and alkyl nitrate abundances in laboratory-generated gas samples by thermal decomposition cavity ring-down spectroscopy, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 80, 114101, 2009.
Perring, A. E., Wisthaler, A., Graus, M., Wooldridge, P. J., Lockwood, A. L., Mielke, L. H., Shepson, P. B., Hansel, A., and Cohen, R. C.: A product study of the isoprene+NO3 reaction, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 5231–5261, 2009.
Perring, A. E., Bertram, T. H., Wooldridge, P. J., Fried, A., Heikes, B. G., Dibb, J., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Blake, N. J., Blake, D. R., Brune, W. H., Singh, H. B., and Cohen, R. C.: Airborne observations of total RONO2: new constraints on the yield and lifetime of isoprene nitrates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1451–1463, 2009.
Roberts, J. M.: The Atmospheric Chemistry of Organic Nitrates, Atmos. Environ., 24, 243–287, 1990.
Roberts, J. M. and Bertman, S. B.: The Thermal Decomposition of PeroxyAcetic Nitric Anhydride (PAN) and Peroxymethacrylic Nitric Anhydride (MPAN), Intl. J. Chem. Kinet., 24, 297–307, 1992.
Roberts, J. M., Williams, J., Baumann, K., Buhr, M. P., Goldan, P. D., Holloway, J., Hubler, G., Kuster, W. C., McKeen, S. A., Ryerson, T. B., Trainer, M., Williams, E. J., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Bertman, S. B., Nouaime, G., Seaver, C., Grodzinsky, G., Rodgers, M., and Young, V. L., Measurements of PAN, PPN, and MPAN made during the 1994 and 1995 Nashville Intensives of the Southern Oxidants Study: Implications for regional ozone production from biogenic hydrocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22473–22490, 1998.
Roberts, J. M., Stroud, C. A., Jobson, B. T., Trainer, M., Hereid, D., Willaims E., Fehsenfeld, F., Brune, W., Martinez, M., and Harder. H.: Application of sequential reaction model to PANs and aldehyde measurements in two urban areas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4583–4586, 2001.
Roberts, J. M., Flocke, F., Stroud, C. A., Hereid, D., Williams, E., Fehsenfeld, F., Brune, W., Martinez, M., Harder, H., Ground-based measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) during the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville Intensive, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4554, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000947, 2002.
Roberts, J. M.: PAN and Related Compounds, in: Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere, R. Koppmann ed., Blackwell, Ames, Iowa, USA, 221–268, 2007.
Rollins, A. W., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Fry, J., Brauers, T., Brown, S. S., Dorn, H.-P., Dubé, W. P., Fuchs, H., Mensah, A., Mentel, T. F., Rohrer, F., Tillmann, R., Wegener, R., Wooldridge, P. J., and Cohen, R. C.: Isoprene oxidation by nitrate radical: alkyl nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yields, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 8857–8902, 2009.
Romero, M. T. B., Blitz, M. A., Heard, D. E., Pilling, M. J., Price, B, Seakins, P. W., and Wang, L.: Photolysis of methylethyl, diethyl and methylvinyl ketones and their role in the atmospheric HOx budget, Faraday Discuss., 130, 73–88, 2005.
Rosen, R. S., Wood, E. C., Wooldridge, P. J., Thornton, J. A., Day, D. A., Kuster, W., Williams, E. J., Jobson, B. T., and Cohen, R. C.: Observations of Total Alkyl Nitrates during TexAQS-2000: implications for O3 and alkyl nitrate photochemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D0730303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004227, 2004.
Ryerson, T. B., Huey, L. G., Knapp, K., Neuman, J. A., Parish, D. D., Sueper, D. T., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Design and initial characterization of an inlet for gas phase NOy measurements from aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5483–5492, 1999.
Ryerson, T. B., Williams, E. J., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: An efficient photolysis system for fast-response NO2 measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26447–26461, 2000.
Salawitch, R. J., Wennberg, P. O., Toon, G. C., Sen, B., and Blavier, J.-F.: Near IR photolysis of HO2NO2: Implications for HOx, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1762, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015006, 2002.
Saunders, S. M., Jenkin, M. E., Derwent, R. G., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part A): tropospheric degradation of non-aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 161–180, 2003.
Singh, H. B. and Salas, L. J.: Methodology for the analysis of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the unpolluted atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 17, 1507–1516, 1983.
Singh, H. B.: Reactive nitrogen in the troposphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, 320–327, 1987.
Singh, H. B.: Tropospheric Composition and Analysis: PAN, in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences: Holton, J., Pyle, J., and Curry, J., Academic Press, London, Vol. 6, 2424–2428, 2003.
Singh, H. B., Brune, W., Crawford, J., Jacob, D., and Russell, P. B.: Overview of the Summer 2004 Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America (INTEX-A), J. Geophy. Res., 111, D24S01, https://doi.org/1029.2006JD007905, 2006.
Singh, H. B., Brune, W. H., Crawford, J. H., Flocke, F., and Jacob, D. J.: Chemistry and transport of pollution over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific: spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign overview and first results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2301–2318, 2009.
Slusher, D., Huey, L. G., Tanner, D. J., Flocke, F. M., and Roberts, J. M.: A thermal dissociation chemical ionization mass spectrometry (TD-CIMS) technique for the simultaneous measurement of peroxyacyl nitrates and dinitrogen pentoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19315, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004670, 2004.
Stephens, E. R.: The formation, reactions and properties of peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) in photochemical air pollution, Adv. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1, 119–146, 1969.
Thornton, J. A., Wooldridge, P. J., and Cohen, R. C.: Atmospheric NO2: In situ laser-induced fluorescence detection at parts per trillion mixing ratios, Anal. Chem., 72, 528–539, 2000.
Thornton, J. A.: Nitrogen Dioxide, Peroxynitrates, and the Chemistry of Tropospheric Ozone Production: New Insights from In Situ Measurements, Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2002.
Thornton, J. A., Wooldridge, P. J., Cohen, R. C., Williams, E. J., Hereid, D., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Stutz, J., and Alicke, B.: Comparisons of in situ and long path measurements of NO2 in urban plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4496, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003559, 2003.
Turnipseed, A. A., Huey, L. G., Nemitz, E., Stickel, R., Higgs, J., Tanner, D. J., Slusher, D. L., Sparks, J. P., Flocke, F., and Guenther, A.: Eddy covariance fluxes of peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs) and NOy to a coniferous forest, J. Geophys. Res., 111, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006631, 2006.
Tyndall, G. S., Orlando, J. J., Wallington, T. J., Hurley, M. D., Goto, M., and Kawasaki, M.: Mechanism of the reaction of OH with acetone and acetaldehyde at 251 & 295 K, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 2189–2193, 2002.
Tyndall, G., Apel, E., Williams, E., Flocke, F., Cohen, R., Gilge, S., Kim, S., Mills, G., O'Brien, J., Perring, A., Rappenglueck, B., Roberts, J., Schmitt, R., Swanson, A., Tanimoto, H., and Wooldridge, P.: PIE 2005: An intercomparison of measurement techniques for peroxynitrates (PANs), Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A13C-0941, 2005.
Wedel, A., Muller, K. P., Ratte, M., and Rudolph, J.: Measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOC) during POPCORN 1994: Applying a new on-line GC-MS-technique, J. Atmos. Chem., 31, 73–103, 1998.
Wolfe, G. M., Yatavelli, R. L. N., Thornton, J. A., McKay, M., Goldstein, A. H., LaFranchi, B., Min, K.-E., and Cohen, R. C.: Eddy covariance fluxes of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, PPN, and MPAN) above a Ponderosa pine forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 17495–17548, 2008.
Yokouchi, Y., Hitoshi, M., Nakajima, K., and Ambe, Y.: Semi-volatile aldehydes as predominant organic gases in remote areas, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 439–442, 1990.
Zabel, F., Reimer, A., Becker, K. H., and Fink, E. H.: Thermal decomposition of alkyl peroxynitrates, J. Phys. Chem., 93, 5500–5507, 1989.
Zhang, L., Jacob, D. J., Boersma, K. F., Jaffe, D. A., Olson, J. R., Bowman, K. W., Worden, J. R., Thompson, A. M., Avery, M. A., Cohen, R. C., Dibb, J. E., Flock, F. M., Fuelberg, H. E., Huey, L. G., McMillan, W. W., Singh, H. B., and Weinheimer, A. J.: Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6117–6136, 2008.
