Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1403-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1403-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 07 Mar 2024
| 07 Mar 2024
Validation of initial observation from the first spaceborne high-spectral-resolution lidar with a ground-based lidar network
Qiantao Liu
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Zhongwei Huang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Jiqiao Liu
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Weibiao Chen
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Qingqing Dong
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Songhua Wu
College of Marine Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
Guangyao Dai
College of Marine Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
Meishi Li
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Wuren Li
Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Ze Li
Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Xiaodong Song
Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Yuan Xie
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Xianrui Zhu, Zikuan Lin, Shaoqing Zhang, Zebin Lu, Songhua Wu, Xiangyun Hou, Zhisheng Xiao, Zhicheng Ren, Jiangyu Li, Jing Xu, Yang Gao, Rixu Hao, Xiaolin Yu, and Mingkui Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6479, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6479, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Deep integration of Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and traditional scientific models is crucial for progress, but Fortran-based scientific codes and Python-based AI are difficult to combine. We develop a Python–Fortran hybrid procedure that enables mutual invocation of AI and scientific modules. Applied to climate and weather models, it supports strongly coupled data assimilation and high-precision prediction, promoting future advances in both AI and scientific modeling.
Kangwen Sun, Guangyao Dai, Dimitri Trapon, Holger Baars, Albert Ansmann, Ulla Wandinger, and Songhua Wu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-596, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-596, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Targeting a large-scale smoke transport from the western US to Europe in September 2020 a smoke dataset was constructed based on Aeolus observations, in synergy with multi-platform data. The selected cross-sections show the vertical structure of the smoke layers at different transport phases. Statistical analyses of the complete dataset reveal the evolution of the smoke plume throughout its transatlantic transport.
Ziyu Bi, Jianbo Hu, Yuan Xie, Decang Bi, Xiaopeng Zhu, Jiqiao Liu, and Weibiao Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 7565–7580, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7565-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7565-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an improved method to estimate the size and amount of aerosol particles using measurements from the world’s first spaceborne high spectral resolution lidar. Tests with different aerosol types show that the method can provide reliable results and improve the description of larger particles. This work demonstrates the potential of future satellite observations to deliver a clearer picture of global air pollution and its role in climate.
Xiaoye Wang, Jing Xu, Songhua Wu, Qichao Wang, Guangyao Dai, Peizhi Zhu, Zhizhong Su, Sai Chen, Xiaomeng Shi, and Mengqi Fan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3305–3320, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3305-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3305-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we propose a data fusion method to obtain the no-blind-zone wind speed profiles covering the whole atmospheric boundary layer based on the joint measurements of coherent Doppler lidar (CDL), radar wind profiler (RWP) and automatic weather station (AWS). Since the above instruments are widely deployed in China, we believe this method has broad application prospects for the improvement of the boundary layer parameterization scheme in numerical forecast models.
Xuanye Zhang, Hailong Yang, Lingbing Bu, Zengchang Fan, Wei Xiao, Binglong Chen, Lu Zhang, Sihan Liu, Zhongting Wang, Jiqiao Liu, Weibiao Chen, and Xuhui Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6725–6740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6725-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6725-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study utilized the IPDA (integrated path differential absorption) lidar on board the DQ-1 satellite to monitor emissions from localized strong point sources and, for the first time, observed the diurnal variation in CO2 emissions from a high-latitude power plant. Overall, power plant CO2 emissions were largely consistent with local electricity consumption patterns, with most plants emitting less at night than during the day and with higher emissions in winter compared to spring and autumn.
Fanqian Meng, Junwu Tang, Guangyao Dai, Wenrui Long, Kangwen Sun, Zhiyu Zhang, Xiaoquan Song, Jiqiao Liu, Weibiao Chen, and Songhua Wu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2021–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2021-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2021-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a comprehensive calibration procedure for the first spaceborne high-spectral-resolution lidar with an iodine vapor absorption filter Aerosol and Carbon Detection Lidar (ACDL) on board DQ-1 by utilizing nighttime 532 nm multi-channel data. We analyzed the error sources of the multi-channel calibration coefficients and assessed the results. The results indicate that the uncertainty of the clear-air scattering ratio was within the anticipated range of 7.9 %.
Chenxing Zha, Lingbing Bu, Zhi Li, Qin Wang, Ahmad Mubarak, Pasindu Liyanage, Jiqiao Liu, and Weibiao Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4425–4443, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
China has launched the atmospheric environment monitoring satellite DQ-1, which consists of an advanced lidar system. Our research presents a retrieval algorithm of the DQ-1 lidar system, and the retrieval results are consistent with other datasets. We also use the DQ-1 dataset to investigate dust and volcanic aerosols. This research shows that the DQ-1 lidar system can accurately measure the Earth's atmosphere and has potential for scientific applications.
Kangwen Sun, Guangyao Dai, Songhua Wu, Oliver Reitebuch, Holger Baars, Jiqiao Liu, and Suping Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4389–4409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4389-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4389-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the correlation between marine aerosol optical properties and wind speeds over remote oceans using the spaceborne lidars ALADIN and CALIOP. Three remote ocean areas are selected. Pure marine aerosol optical properties at 355 nm are derived from ALADIN. The relationships between marine aerosol optical properties and wind speeds are analyzed within and above the marine atmospheric boundary layer, revealing the effect of wind speed on marine aerosols over remote oceans.
Guangyao Dai, Songhua Wu, Wenrui Long, Jiqiao Liu, Yuan Xie, Kangwen Sun, Fanqian Meng, Xiaoquan Song, Zhongwei Huang, and Weibiao Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1879–1890, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1879-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1879-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An overview is given of the main algorithms applied to derive the aerosol and cloud optical property product of the Aerosol and Carbon Detection Lidar (ACDL), which is capable of globally profiling aerosol and cloud optical properties with high accuracy. The paper demonstrates the observational capabilities of ACDL for aerosol and cloud vertical structure and global distribution through two optical property product measurement cases and global aerosol optical depth profile observations.
Honglin Pan, Jianping Huang, Jiming Li, Zhongwei Huang, Minzhong Wang, Ali Mamtimin, Wen Huo, Fan Yang, Tian Zhou, and Kanike Raghavendra Kumar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1185–1207, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1185-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1185-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We applied several correction procedures and rigorously checked for data quality constraints during the long observation period spanning almost 14 years (2007–2020). Nevertheless, some uncertainties remain, mainly due to technical constraints and limited documentation of the measurements. Even though not completely accurate, this strategy is expected to at least reduce the inaccuracy of the computed characteristic value of aerosol optical parameters.
Fanqian Meng, Junwu Tang, Guangyao Dai, Wenrui Long, Kangwen Sun, Zhiyu Zhang, Xiaoquan Song, Jiqiao Liu, Weibiao Chen, and Songhua Wu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-588, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-588, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a comprehensive calibration procedure for the first spaceborne high-spectral-resolution lidar with an iodine vapor absorption filter ACDL on board DQ-1 by utilizing nighttime 532 nm multi-channel data. And analyzed the error sources of the multi-channel calibration coefficients and assessed the results. The results shows that the ACDL polarization channel calibration is reliable and operates within the expected error range of approximately 5 %.
Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Zhongwei Huang, Jianping Huang, Wei Gong, Boming Liu, Weiyan Wang, Ruonan Fan, and Hui Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8187–8210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8187-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8187-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand the Asian aerosol environment, we studied distributions and trends of aerosol with different sizes and types. Over the past 2 decades, dust, sulfate, and sea salt aerosol decreased by 5.51 %, 3.07 %, and 9.80 %, whereas organic carbon and black carbon aerosol increased by 17.09 % and 6.23 %, respectively. The increase in carbonaceous aerosols was a feature of Asia. An exception is found in East Asia, where the carbonaceous aerosols reduced, owing largely to China's efforts.
Guangyao Dai, Kangwen Sun, Xiaoye Wang, Songhua Wu, Xiangying E, Qi Liu, and Bingyi Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7975–7993, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7975-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7975-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, a Sahara dust event is tracked with the spaceborne lidars ALADIN and CALIOP and the models ECMWF and HYSPLIT. The performance of ALADIN and CALIOP on tracking the dust event and on the observations of dust optical properties and wind fields during the dust transport is evaluated. The dust mass advection is defined, which is calculated with the combination of data from ALADIN and CALIOP coupled with the products from models to describe the dust transport quantitatively.
Songhua Wu, Kangwen Sun, Guangyao Dai, Xiaoye Wang, Xiaoying Liu, Bingyi Liu, Xiaoquan Song, Oliver Reitebuch, Rongzhong Li, Jiaping Yin, and Xitao Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 131–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the VAL-OUC campaign, we established a coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) network over China to verify the Level 2B (L2B) products from Aeolus. By the simultaneous wind measurements with CDLs at 17 stations, the L2B products from Aeolus are compared with those from CDLs. To our knowledge, the VAL-OUC campaign is the most extensive so far between CDLs and Aeolus in the lower troposphere for different atmospheric scenes. The vertical velocity impact on the HLOS retrieval from Aeolus is evaluated.
Qin Wang, Farhan Mustafa, Lingbing Bu, Shouzheng Zhu, Jiqiao Liu, and Weibiao Chen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6601–6617, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6601-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6601-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, an airborne experiment was carried out to validate a newly developed CO2 monitoring IPDA lidar against the in situ measurements obtained from a commercial CO2 monitoring instrument installed on an aircraft. The XCO2 values calculated with the IPDA lidar measurements were compared with the dry-air CO2 mole fraction measurements obtained from the in situ instruments, and the results showed a good agreement between the two datasets.
Guangyao Dai, Kangwen Sun, Xiaoye Wang, Songhua Wu, Xiangying E, Qi Liu, and Bingyi Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-219, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, a Sahara dust event is tracked with the spaceborne lidars ALADIN and CALIOP and the models ECMWF and HYSPLIT. The capability in calculating the dust horizontal fluxes with the joint measurements from ALADIN and CALIOP coupled with the data from ECMWF and HYSPLIT is demonstrated. The complement of Aeolus data products will improve the accuracy of dust horizontal flux estimations and contribute to the research on the dust fertilization impacts on the primary productivity of oceans.
Cited articles
Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., Riebesell, M., Weitkamp, C., and Michaelis, W.: Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus clouds by using a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar, Appl. Optics, 31, 7113, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.31.007113, 1992.
Belegante, L., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Freudenthaler, V., Nicolae, D., Nemuc, A., Ene, D., Alados-Arboledas, L., Amodeo, A., Pappalardo, G., D'Amico, G., Amato, F., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Wandinger, U., Papayannis, A., Kokkalis, P., and Pereira, S. N.: Experimental techniques for the calibration of lidar depolarization channels in EARLINET, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1119–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1119-2018, 2018.
Cao, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Yang, S., Deng, Z., Zhang, X., and Jiang, Y.: Study on the Impact of the Doppler Shift for CO2 Lidar Remote Sensing, Remote Sens., 14, 4620, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14184620, 2022.
Chiang, C.-W., Kumar Das, S., Shih, Y.-F., Liao, H.-S., and Nee, J.-B.: Comparison of CALIPSO and ground-based lidar profiles over Chung-Li, Taiwan, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 112, 197–203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.05.002, 2011.
Comerón, A., Muñoz-Porcar, C., Rocadenbosch, F., Rodríguez-Gómez, A., and Sicard, M.: Current Research in Lidar Technology Used for the Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols, Sensors, 17, 1450, https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061450, 2017.
Dai, G., Wu, S., Long, W., Liu, J., Xie, Y., Sun, K., Meng, F., Song, X., Huang, Z., and Chen, W.: Aerosols and Clouds data processing and optical properties retrieval algorithms for the spaceborne ACDL/DQ-1, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2182, 2023.
Dong, J., Liu, J., Bi, D., Ma, X., Zhu, X., Zhu, X., and Chen, W.: Optimal iodine absorption line applied for spaceborne high spectral resolution lidar, Appl. Optics, 57, 5413, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.005413, 2018.
Dong, Q., Huang, Z., Li, W., Li, Z., Song, X., Liu, W., Wang, T., Bi, J., and Shi, J.: Polarization Lidar Measurements of Dust Optical Properties at the Junction of the Taklimakan Desert–Tibetan Plateau, Remote Sens., 14, 558, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030558, 2022.
Fernald, F. G.: Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: some comments, Appl. Optics, 23, 652–653, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.000652, 1984.
Giannakaki, E., Vraimaki, E., and Balis, D.: Validation of CALIPSO level-2 products using a ground based lidar in Thessaloniki, Greece, Proc. SPIE, 818215, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.898124, 2011.
Gimmestad, G., Forrister, H., Grigas, T., and O'Dowd, C.: Comparisons of aerosol backscatter using satellite and ground lidars: implications for calibrating and validating spaceborne lidar, Sci. Rep., 7, 42337, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42337, 2017.
Gupta, G., Ratnam, M. V., Madhavan, B. L., Prasad, P., and Narayanamurthy, C. S.: Vertical and spatial distribution of elevated aerosol layers obtained using long-term ground-based and space-borne lidar observations, Atmos. Environ., 246, 118172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118172, 2021.
Hansell, R. A., Tsay, S. C., Ji, Q., Hsu, N. C., Jeong, M. J., Wang, S. H., Reid, J. S., Liou, K. N., and Ou, S. C.: An Assessment of the Surface Longwave Direct Radiative Effect of Airborne Saharan Dust during the NAMMA Field Campaign, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1048–1065, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3257.1, 2010.
He, L., Wang, L., Li, Z., Jiang, D., Sun, L., Liu, D., Liu, L., Yao, R., Zhou, Z., and Wei, J.: VIIRS Environmental Data Record and Deep Blue aerosol products: validation, comparison, and spatiotemporal variations from 2013 to 2018 in China, Atmos. Environ., 250, 118265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118265, 2021.
Huang, Z., Huang, J., Bi, J., Wang, G., Wang, W., Fu, Q., Li, Z., Tsay, S.-C., and Shi, J.: Dust aerosol vertical structure measurements using three MPL lidars during 2008 China-U.S. joint dust field experiment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D00K15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013273, 2010.
Huang, Z., Huang, J., Hayasaka, T., Wang, S., Zhou, T., and Jin, H.: Short-cut transport path for Asian dust directly to the Arctic: a case study, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 114018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114018, 2015.
Huang, Z., Nee, J.-B., Chiang, C.-W., Zhang, S., Jin, H., Wang, W., and Zhou, T.: Real-Time Observations of Dust–Cloud Interactions Based on Polarization and Raman Lidar Measurements, Remote Sens., 10, 1017, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071017, 2018.
Huang, Z., Qi, S., Zhou, T., Dong, Q., Ma, X., Zhang, S., Bi, J., and Shi, J.: Investigation of aerosol absorption with dual-polarization lidar observations, Opt. Express, 28, 7028, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.390475, 2020.
Huang, Z., Wang, Y., Bi, J., Wang, T., Li, W., Li, Z., and Zhou, T.: An overview of aerosol lidar: progress and prospect, National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 26, 834–851, https://doi.org/10.11834/jrs.20221388, 2022.
Huang, Z., Dong, Q., Chen, B., Wang, T., Bi, J., Zhou, T., Alam, K., Shi, J., and Zhang, S.: Method for retrieving range-resolved aerosol microphysical properties from polarization lidar measurements, Opt. Express, 31, 7599, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.481252, 2023a.
Huang, Z., Li, M., Bi, J., Shen, X., Zhang, S., and Liu, Q.: Small lidar ratio of dust aerosol observed by Raman-polarization lidar near desert sources, Opt. Express, 31, 16909, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.484501, 2023b.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp., 2013.
Ke, J., Sun, Y., Dong, C., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., Lyu, L., Zhu, W., Ansmann, A., Su, L., Bu, L., Xiao, D., Wang, S., Chen, S., Liu, J., Chen, W., and Liu, D.: Development of China's first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar: retrieval algorithm and airborne demonstration, PhotoniX, 3, 17, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-022-00063-3, 2022.
Lakshmi, N. B., Nair, V. S., and Babu, S. S.: Assessment of the vertical distribution of speciated aerosol absorption over South Asia using spaceborne LIDAR and ground-based observations, Remote Sens. Environ., 253, 112164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112164, 2021.
Liu, D., Zheng, Z., Chen, W., Wang, Z., Li, W., Ke, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Cheng, C., and Wang, S.: Performance estimation of space-borne high-spectral-resolution lidar for cloud and aerosol optical properties at 532 nm, Opt. Express, 27, A481, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.00A481, 2019.
Liu, Q., Huang, Z., Hu, Z., Dong, Q., and Li, S.: Long-Range Transport and Evolution of Saharan Dust Over East Asia From 2007 to 2020, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2022JD036974, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036974, 2022.
Mamouri, R. E., Amiridis, V., Papayannis, A., Giannakaki, E., Tsaknakis, G., and Balis, D. S.: Validation of CALIPSO space-borne-derived attenuated backscatter coefficient profiles using a ground-based lidar in Athens, Greece, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 513–522, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-513-2009, 2009.
Marcos, C. R., Pedrós, R., Gómez-Amo, J. L., Utrillas, M. P., and Martínez-Lozano, J. A.: Analysis of Desert Dust Outbreaks Over Southern Europe Using CALIOP Data and Ground-Based Measurements, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 54, 744–756, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2464701, 2016.
NASA: CALIPSO Search and Subsetting web application, NASA [data set], https://subset.larc.nasa.gov/calipso/ (last access: 9 November 2023), 2023.
Qi, S., Huang, Z., Ma, X., Huang, J., Zhou, T., Zhang, S., Dong, Q., Bi, J., and Shi, J.: Classification of atmospheric aerosols and clouds by use of dual-polarization lidar measurements, Opt. Express, 29, 23461, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.430456, 2021.
Sugimoto, N. and Huang, Z.: Lidar methods for observing mineral dust, J. Meteorol. Res., 28, 173–184, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-014-3068-9, 2014.
Sugimoto, N., Huang, Z., Nishizawa, T., Matsui, I., and Tatarov, B.: Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosols observed with a multi-channel lidar spectrometer, Opt. Express, 20, 20800, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.020800, 2012.
Tao, Z., McCormick, M. P., and Wu, D.: A comparison method for spaceborne and ground-based lidar and its application to the CALIPSO lidar, Appl. Phys. B, 91, 639–644, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-008-3043-1, 2008.
Vaughan, M. A., Young, S. A., Winker, D. M., Powell, K. A., Omar, A. H., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., and Hostetler, C. A.: Fully automated analysis of space-based lidar data: an overview of the CALIPSO retrieval algorithms and data products, Remote Sensing, Maspalomas, Canary Islands, Spain, 13–16 September 2004, 16, Laser Radar Techniques for Atmospheric Sensing, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.572024, 2004.
Wang, Q., Mustafa, F., Bu, L., Yang, J., Fan, C., Liu, J., and Chen, W.: Monitoring of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide over a Desert Site Using Airborne and Ground Measurements, Remote Sens., 14, 5224, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205224, 2022.
Wang, S., Ke, J., Chen, S., Zheng, Z., Cheng, C., Tong, B., Liu, J., Liu, D., and Chen, W.: Performance Evaluation of Spaceborne Integrated Path Differential Absorption Lidar for Carbon Dioxide Detection at 1572 nm, Remote Sens., 12, 2570, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162570, 2020.
Wang, W., Gong, W., Mao, F., and Pan, Z.: Physical constraint method to determine optimal overlap factor of Raman lidar, J. Opt., 47, 83–90, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-017-0427-9, 2018.
Winker, D. M., Vaughan, M. A., Omar, A., Hu, Y., Powell, K. A., Liu, Z., Hunt, W. H., and Young, S. A.: Overview of the CALIPSO Mission and CALIOP Data Processing Algorithms, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 2310–2323, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecha1281.1, 2009.
Zha, C., Bu, L., Li, Z., Wang, Q., Mubarak, A., Liyanage, P., Liu, J., and Chen, W.: Aerosol Optical Properties Measurement using the Orbiting High Spectral Resolution Lidar onboard DQ-1 Satellite: Retrieval and Validation, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-219, in review, 2023.
Zhang, S., Huang, Z., Li, M., Shen, X., Wang, Y., Dong, Q., Bi, J., Zhang, J., Li, W., Li, Z., and Song, X.: Vertical Structure of Dust Aerosols Observed by a Ground-Based Raman Lidar with Polarization Capabilities in the Center of the Taklimakan Desert, Remote Sens., 14, 2461, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102461, 2022.
Zhang, S., Huang, Z., Alam, K., Li, M., Dong, Q., Wang, Y., Shen, X., Bi, J., Zhang, J., Li, W., Li, Z., Wang, W., Cui, Z., and Song, X.: Derived Profiles of CCN and INP Number Concentrations in the Taklimakan Desert via Combined Polarization Lidar, Sun-Photometer, and Radiosonde Observations, Remote Sens., 15, 1216, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051216, 2023.
Short summary
The achieved results revealed that the ACDL observations were in good agreement with the ground-based lidar measurements during dust events. The heights of cloud top and bottom from these two measurements were well matched and comparable. This study proves that the ACDL provides reliable observations of aerosol and cloud in the presence of various climatic conditions, which helps to further evaluate the impacts of aerosol on climate and the environment, as well as on the ecosystem in the future.
The achieved results revealed that the ACDL observations were in good agreement with the...
