Articles | Volume 8, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1673-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1673-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Apr 2015
Research article |
| 08 Apr 2015
Techniques for analyses of trends in GRUAN data
Bodeker Scientific, 42 Russell Street, Alexandra, New Zealand
S. Kremser
Bodeker Scientific, 42 Russell Street, Alexandra, New Zealand
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Owyn Aitken, Antoni Moore, Ivan Diaz-Rainey, Quyen Nguyen, Simon Cox, and Greg Bodeker
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The scientific community is considering new scenarios to succeed RCPs and SSPs for the next generation of Earth system model runs to project future climate change. To contribute to that effort, we reflect on relevant policy and scientific research questions and suggest categories for representative emission pathways. These categories are tailored to the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal, high-risk outcomes in the absence of further climate policy and worlds “that could have been”.
Quyen Nguyen, Antoni Moore, Ivan Diaz-Rainey, Greg Bodeker, Simon C. Cox, Murray Cadzow, and Paul Thorsnes
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Leroy J. Bird, Matthew G. W. Walker, Greg E. Bodeker, Isaac H. Campbell, Guangzhong Liu, Swapna Josmi Sam, Jared Lewis, and Suzanne M. Rosier
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3785–3808, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3785-2023, 2023
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Deriving the statistics of expected future changes in extreme precipitation is challenging due to these events being rare. Regional climate models (RCMs) are computationally prohibitive for generating ensembles capable of capturing large numbers of extreme precipitation events with statistical robustness. Stochastic precipitation generators (SPGs) provide an alternative to RCMs. We describe a novel single-site SPG that learns the statistics of precipitation using a machine-learning approach.
Brian Nathan, Stefanie Kremser, Sara Mikaloff-Fletcher, Greg Bodeker, Leroy Bird, Ethan Dale, Dongqi Lin, Gustavo Olivares, and Elizabeth Somervell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14089–14108, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14089-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14089-2021, 2021
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The MAPM project showcases a method to improve estimates of PM2.5 emissions through an advanced statistical technique that is still new to the aerosol community. Using Christchurch, NZ, as a test bed, measurements from a field campaign in winter 2019 are incorporated into this new approach. An overestimation from local inventory estimates is identified. This technique may be exported to other urban areas in need.
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Ozone in Earth's atmosphere has undergone significant changes since first measured systematically from space in the late 1970s. The purpose of the paper is to present a new, spatially filled, global total column ozone climate data record spanning from October 1978 to December 2016. The database is compiled from measurements from 17 different satellite-based instruments where offsets and drifts between the instruments have been corrected using ground-based measurements.
Ethan R. Dale, Stefanie Kremser, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Greg E. Bodeker, Leroy J. Bird, Gustavo Olivares, Guy Coulson, Elizabeth Somervell, Woodrow Pattinson, Jonathan Barte, Jan-Niklas Schmidt, Nariefa Abrahim, Adrian J. McDonald, and Peter Kuma
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MAPM is a project whose goal is to develop a method to infer particulate matter (PM) emissions maps from PM concentration measurements. In support of MAPM, we conducted a winter field campaign in New Zealand. In addition to two types of instruments measuring PM, an array of other meteorological sensors were deployed, measuring temperature and wind speed as well as probing the vertical structure of the lower atmosphere. In this article, we present the measurements taken during this campaign.
Greg E. Bodeker and Stefanie Kremser
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5289–5300, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5289-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5289-2021, 2021
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This paper presents measures of the severity of the Antarctic ozone hole covering the period 1979 to 2019. The paper shows that while the severity of Antarctic ozone depletion grew rapidly through the last two decades of the 20th century, the severity declined thereafter and faster than expected from declines in stratospheric concentrations of the chlorine- and bromine-containing chemical compounds that destroy ozone.
James Keeble, Birgit Hassler, Antara Banerjee, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Gabriel Chiodo, Sean Davis, Veronika Eyring, Paul T. Griffiths, Olaf Morgenstern, Peer Nowack, Guang Zeng, Jiankai Zhang, Greg Bodeker, Susannah Burrows, Philip Cameron-Smith, David Cugnet, Christopher Danek, Makoto Deushi, Larry W. Horowitz, Anne Kubin, Lijuan Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Martine Michou, Michael J. Mills, Pierre Nabat, Dirk Olivié, Sungsu Park, Øyvind Seland, Jens Stoll, Karl-Hermann Wieners, and Tongwen Wu
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Stratospheric ozone and water vapour are key components of the Earth system; changes to both have important impacts on global and regional climate. We evaluate changes to these species from 1850 to 2100 in the new generation of CMIP6 models. There is good agreement between the multi-model mean and observations, although there is substantial variation between the individual models. The future evolution of both ozone and water vapour is strongly dependent on the assumed future emissions scenario.
Ruud J. Dirksen, Greg E. Bodeker, Peter W. Thorne, Andrea Merlone, Tony Reale, Junhong Wang, Dale F. Hurst, Belay B. Demoz, Tom D. Gardiner, Bruce Ingleby, Michael Sommer, Christoph von Rohden, and Thierry Leblanc
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This paper describes GRUAN's strategy for a network-wide change of the operational radiosonde from Vaisala RS92 to RS41. GRUAN's main goal is to provide long-term data records that are free of inhomogeneities due to instrumental effects, which requires proper change management. The approach is to fully characterize differences between the two radiosonde types using laboratory tests, twin soundings, and ancillary data, as well as by drawing from the various fields of expertise available in GRUAN.
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Jordis S. Tradowsky, Gregory E. Bodeker, Richard R. Querel, Peter J. H. Builtjes, and Jürgen Fischer
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Jonathan Conway, Greg Bodeker, and Chris Cameron
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8065–8077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8065-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8065-2018, 2018
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Strong westerly winds occur in the stratosphere during winter and spring. These winds, the polar vortex, limit how much air is mixed between mid- and high-latitudes. We present a new view of the polar vortex mixing barrier in the Southern Hemisphere, revealing a frequent double-walled barrier with two distinct regions of weak mixing. This double-walled structure is expected to alter the spatial and temporal variation of trace gas concentrations (e.g. ozone) across the polar vortex.
Stefanie Kremser, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Henning W. Rust, and Greg E. Bodeker
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3021–3029, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3021-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3021-2018, 2018
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We investigate the feasibility of quantifying the difference in biases of two instrument types (i.e. radiosondes) by flying the old and new instruments on alternating days, so-called interlacing, to statistically derive the systematic biases between the instruments. While it is in principle possible to estimate the difference between two instrument biases from interlaced measurements, the number of required interlaced flights is very large for reasonable autocorrelation coefficient values.
Elizabeth C. Weatherhead, Jerald Harder, Eduardo A. Araujo-Pradere, Greg Bodeker, Jason M. English, Lawrence E. Flynn, Stacey M. Frith, Jeffrey K. Lazo, Peter Pilewskie, Mark Weber, and Thomas N. Woods
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15069–15093, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15069-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15069-2017, 2017
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Satellite overlap is often carried out as a check on the stability of the data collected. We looked at how length of overlap influences how much information can be derived from the overlap period. Several results surprised us: the confidence we could have in the matchup of two records was independent of the offset, and understanding of the relative drift between the two satellite data sets improved significantly with 2–3 years of overlap. Sudden jumps could easily be confused with drift.
Jared Lewis, Greg E. Bodeker, Stefanie Kremser, and Andrew Tait
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4563–4575, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4563-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4563-2017, 2017
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The Ensemble Projections Incorporating Climate model uncertainty (EPIC) method uses climate pattern scaling to expand a small number of daily maximum and minimum surface temperature projections into an ensemble that captures the structural uncertainty between climate models. The method is useful for providing projections of changes in climate to users wishing to investigate the impacts of climate change in a probabilistic and computationally efficient way.
Leon S. Friedrich, Adrian J. McDonald, Gregory E. Bodeker, Kathy E. Cooper, Jared Lewis, and Alexander J. Paterson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 855–866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-855-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-855-2017, 2017
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Information from long-duration balloons flying in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere during 2014 as part of X Project Loon are used to assess the quality of a number of different reanalyses. This work assesses the potential of the X Project Loon observations to validate outputs from the reanalysis models. In particular, we examined how the model winds compared with those derived from the balloon GPS information. We also examined simulated trajectories compared with the true trajectories.
Ulrike Langematz, Franziska Schmidt, Markus Kunze, Gregory E. Bodeker, and Peter Braesicke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15619–15627, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15619-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15619-2016, 2016
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The extent of anthropogenically driven Antarctic ozone depletion prior to 1980 is examined using transient chemistry–climate model simulations from 1960 to 2000 with prescribed changes of ozone depleting substances in conjunction with observations. All models show a long-term, halogen-induced negative trend in Antarctic ozone from 1960 to 1980, ranging between 26 and 50 % of the total anthropogenic ozone depletion from 1960 to 2000. A stronger ozone decline of 56 % was estimated from observation.
N. R. P. Harris, B. Hassler, F. Tummon, G. E. Bodeker, D. Hubert, I. Petropavlovskikh, W. Steinbrecht, J. Anderson, P. K. Bhartia, C. D. Boone, A. Bourassa, S. M. Davis, D. Degenstein, A. Delcloo, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin-Beekmann, N. Jones, M. J. Kurylo, E. Kyrölä, M. Laine, S. T. Leblanc, J.-C. Lambert, B. Liley, E. Mahieu, A. Maycock, M. de Mazière, A. Parrish, R. Querel, K. H. Rosenlof, C. Roth, C. Sioris, J. Staehelin, R. S. Stolarski, R. Stübi, J. Tamminen, C. Vigouroux, K. A. Walker, H. J. Wang, J. Wild, and J. M. Zawodny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9965–9982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9965-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9965-2015, 2015
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Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported for new and recently revised data sets. The amount of ozone-depleting compounds in the stratosphere peaked in the second half of the 1990s. We examine the trends before and after that peak to see if any change in trend is discernible. The previously reported decreases are confirmed. Furthermore, the downward trend in upper stratospheric ozone has not continued. The possible significance of any increase is discussed in detail.
K. Kreher, G. E. Bodeker, and M. Sigmond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7653–7665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7653-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7653-2015, 2015
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This manuscript aims to answer the following question: which of the existing sites engaged in upper-air temperature measurements are best located to detect expected future trends within the shortest time possible? To do so, we explore one objective method for selecting the optimal locations for detecting projected 21st century trends and then demonstrate a similar technique for objectively selecting optimal locations for detecting expected future trends in total column ozone.
F. Tummon, B. Hassler, N. R. P. Harris, J. Staehelin, W. Steinbrecht, J. Anderson, G. E. Bodeker, A. Bourassa, S. M. Davis, D. Degenstein, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, E. Kyrölä, M. Laine, C. Long, A. A. Penckwitt, C. E. Sioris, K. H. Rosenlof, C. Roth, H.-J. Wang, and J. Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3021–3043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3021-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3021-2015, 2015
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Understanding ozone trends in the vertical is vital in terms of assessing the success of the Montreal Protocol. This paper compares and analyses the long-term trends in stratospheric ozone from seven new merged satellite data sets. The data sets largely agree well with each other, particularly for the negative trends seen in the early period 1984-1997. For the 1998-2011 period there is less agreement, but a clear shift from negative to mostly positive trends.
A. A. Penckwitt, G. E. Bodeker, P. Stoll, J. Lewis, T. von Clarmann, and A. Jones
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-235-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-235-2015, 2015
Preprint withdrawn
A. Parrish, I. S. Boyd, G. E. Nedoluha, P. K. Bhartia, S. M. Frith, N. A. Kramarova, B. J. Connor, G. E. Bodeker, L. Froidevaux, M. Shiotani, and T. Sakazaki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7255–7272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7255-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7255-2014, 2014
M. Rex, S. Kremser, P. Huck, G. Bodeker, I. Wohltmann, M. L. Santee, and P. Bernath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6545–6555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6545-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6545-2014, 2014
S. Kremser, G. E. Bodeker, and J. Lewis
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 249–266, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-249-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-249-2014, 2014
V. F. Sofieva, J. Tamminen, E. Kyrölä, T. Mielonen, P. Veefkind, B. Hassler, and G.E. Bodeker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 283–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-283-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-283-2014, 2014
S. Brönnimann, J. Bhend, J. Franke, S. Flückiger, A. M. Fischer, R. Bleisch, G. Bodeker, B. Hassler, E. Rozanov, and M. Schraner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9623–9639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9623-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9623-2013, 2013
H. Garny, G. E. Bodeker, D. Smale, M. Dameris, and V. Grewe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7279–7300, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7279-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7279-2013, 2013
B. Hassler, P. J. Young, R. W. Portmann, G. E. Bodeker, J. S. Daniel, K. H. Rosenlof, and S. Solomon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5533–5550, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5533-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5533-2013, 2013
P. E. Huck, G. E. Bodeker, S. Kremser, A. J. McDonald, M. Rex, and H. Struthers
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3237–3243, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3237-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3237-2013, 2013
G. E. Bodeker, B. Hassler, P. J. Young, and R. W. Portmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 31–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-31-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-31-2013, 2013
Owyn Aitken, Antoni Moore, Ivan Diaz-Rainey, Quyen Nguyen, Simon Cox, and Greg Bodeker
Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 7, 4, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-7-4-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-7-4-2024, 2024
Antoni Moore, Quyen Nguyen, Ivan Diaz-Rainey, Greg Bodeker, Simon Cox, and Owyn Aitken
Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 7, 107, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-7-107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-7-107-2024, 2024
Malte Meinshausen, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Kathleen Beyer, Greg Bodeker, Olivier Boucher, Josep G. Canadell, John S. Daniel, Aïda Diongue-Niang, Fatima Driouech, Erich Fischer, Piers Forster, Michael Grose, Gerrit Hansen, Zeke Hausfather, Tatiana Ilyina, Jarmo S. Kikstra, Joyce Kimutai, Andrew D. King, June-Yi Lee, Chris Lennard, Tabea Lissner, Alexander Nauels, Glen P. Peters, Anna Pirani, Gian-Kasper Plattner, Hans Pörtner, Joeri Rogelj, Maisa Rojas, Joyashree Roy, Bjørn H. Samset, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Roland Séférian, Sonia Seneviratne, Christopher J. Smith, Sophie Szopa, Adelle Thomas, Diana Urge-Vorsatz, Guus J. M. Velders, Tokuta Yokohata, Tilo Ziehn, and Zebedee Nicholls
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4533–4559, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4533-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4533-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The scientific community is considering new scenarios to succeed RCPs and SSPs for the next generation of Earth system model runs to project future climate change. To contribute to that effort, we reflect on relevant policy and scientific research questions and suggest categories for representative emission pathways. These categories are tailored to the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal, high-risk outcomes in the absence of further climate policy and worlds “that could have been”.
Quyen Nguyen, Antoni Moore, Ivan Diaz-Rainey, Greg Bodeker, Simon C. Cox, Murray Cadzow, and Paul Thorsnes
Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 187, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-187-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-187-2023, 2023
Leroy J. Bird, Matthew G. W. Walker, Greg E. Bodeker, Isaac H. Campbell, Guangzhong Liu, Swapna Josmi Sam, Jared Lewis, and Suzanne M. Rosier
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3785–3808, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3785-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deriving the statistics of expected future changes in extreme precipitation is challenging due to these events being rare. Regional climate models (RCMs) are computationally prohibitive for generating ensembles capable of capturing large numbers of extreme precipitation events with statistical robustness. Stochastic precipitation generators (SPGs) provide an alternative to RCMs. We describe a novel single-site SPG that learns the statistics of precipitation using a machine-learning approach.
Brian Nathan, Stefanie Kremser, Sara Mikaloff-Fletcher, Greg Bodeker, Leroy Bird, Ethan Dale, Dongqi Lin, Gustavo Olivares, and Elizabeth Somervell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14089–14108, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14089-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14089-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MAPM project showcases a method to improve estimates of PM2.5 emissions through an advanced statistical technique that is still new to the aerosol community. Using Christchurch, NZ, as a test bed, measurements from a field campaign in winter 2019 are incorporated into this new approach. An overestimation from local inventory estimates is identified. This technique may be exported to other urban areas in need.
Greg E. Bodeker, Jan Nitzbon, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Stefanie Kremser, Alexander Schwertheim, and Jared Lewis
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3885–3906, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone in Earth's atmosphere has undergone significant changes since first measured systematically from space in the late 1970s. The purpose of the paper is to present a new, spatially filled, global total column ozone climate data record spanning from October 1978 to December 2016. The database is compiled from measurements from 17 different satellite-based instruments where offsets and drifts between the instruments have been corrected using ground-based measurements.
Stefanie Kremser, Mike Harvey, Peter Kuma, Sean Hartery, Alexia Saint-Macary, John McGregor, Alex Schuddeboom, Marc von Hobe, Sinikka T. Lennartz, Alex Geddes, Richard Querel, Adrian McDonald, Maija Peltola, Karine Sellegri, Israel Silber, Cliff S. Law, Connor J. Flynn, Andrew Marriner, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, Carson C. Hume, Graeme Plank, Geoffrey Graham, and Simon Parsons
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3115–3153, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3115-2021, 2021
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Aerosol–cloud interactions over the Southern Ocean are poorly understood and remain a major source of uncertainty in climate models. This study presents ship-borne measurements, collected during a 6-week voyage into the Southern Ocean in 2018, that are an important supplement to satellite-based measurements. For example, these measurements include data on low-level clouds and aerosol composition in the marine boundary layer, which can be used in climate model evaluation efforts.
Ethan R. Dale, Stefanie Kremser, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Greg E. Bodeker, Leroy J. Bird, Gustavo Olivares, Guy Coulson, Elizabeth Somervell, Woodrow Pattinson, Jonathan Barte, Jan-Niklas Schmidt, Nariefa Abrahim, Adrian J. McDonald, and Peter Kuma
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2053–2075, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2053-2021, 2021
Short summary
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MAPM is a project whose goal is to develop a method to infer particulate matter (PM) emissions maps from PM concentration measurements. In support of MAPM, we conducted a winter field campaign in New Zealand. In addition to two types of instruments measuring PM, an array of other meteorological sensors were deployed, measuring temperature and wind speed as well as probing the vertical structure of the lower atmosphere. In this article, we present the measurements taken during this campaign.
Greg E. Bodeker and Stefanie Kremser
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5289–5300, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5289-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5289-2021, 2021
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This paper presents measures of the severity of the Antarctic ozone hole covering the period 1979 to 2019. The paper shows that while the severity of Antarctic ozone depletion grew rapidly through the last two decades of the 20th century, the severity declined thereafter and faster than expected from declines in stratospheric concentrations of the chlorine- and bromine-containing chemical compounds that destroy ozone.
James Keeble, Birgit Hassler, Antara Banerjee, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Gabriel Chiodo, Sean Davis, Veronika Eyring, Paul T. Griffiths, Olaf Morgenstern, Peer Nowack, Guang Zeng, Jiankai Zhang, Greg Bodeker, Susannah Burrows, Philip Cameron-Smith, David Cugnet, Christopher Danek, Makoto Deushi, Larry W. Horowitz, Anne Kubin, Lijuan Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Martine Michou, Michael J. Mills, Pierre Nabat, Dirk Olivié, Sungsu Park, Øyvind Seland, Jens Stoll, Karl-Hermann Wieners, and Tongwen Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5015–5061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5015-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5015-2021, 2021
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Stratospheric ozone and water vapour are key components of the Earth system; changes to both have important impacts on global and regional climate. We evaluate changes to these species from 1850 to 2100 in the new generation of CMIP6 models. There is good agreement between the multi-model mean and observations, although there is substantial variation between the individual models. The future evolution of both ozone and water vapour is strongly dependent on the assumed future emissions scenario.
Ruud J. Dirksen, Greg E. Bodeker, Peter W. Thorne, Andrea Merlone, Tony Reale, Junhong Wang, Dale F. Hurst, Belay B. Demoz, Tom D. Gardiner, Bruce Ingleby, Michael Sommer, Christoph von Rohden, and Thierry Leblanc
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 337–355, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-337-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-337-2020, 2020
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This paper describes GRUAN's strategy for a network-wide change of the operational radiosonde from Vaisala RS92 to RS41. GRUAN's main goal is to provide long-term data records that are free of inhomogeneities due to instrumental effects, which requires proper change management. The approach is to fully characterize differences between the two radiosonde types using laboratory tests, twin soundings, and ancillary data, as well as by drawing from the various fields of expertise available in GRUAN.
Stefanie Kremser, Larry W. Thomason, and Leroy J. Bird
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1419–1435, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1419-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1419-2020, 2020
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Since space-based measurements of stratospheric composition started, a plethora of
generally acceptedscreening methods have been developed and tailored to each measurement system and to each anticipated use of the data. These methods are often inconsistent, ad hoc, and untraceable and are seldom revised even after significant revisions to the data themselves. Here we developed new and simplified SAGE II ozone data usage rules that are based on how the measurements were made.
Sinikka T. Lennartz, Christa A. Marandino, Marc von Hobe, Meinrat O. Andreae, Kazushi Aranami, Elliot Atlas, Max Berkelhammer, Heinz Bingemer, Dennis Booge, Gregory Cutter, Pau Cortes, Stefanie Kremser, Cliff S. Law, Andrew Marriner, Rafel Simó, Birgit Quack, Günther Uher, Huixiang Xie, and Xiaobin Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 591–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-591-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-591-2020, 2020
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Sulfur-containing trace gases in the atmosphere influence atmospheric chemistry and the energy budget of the Earth by forming aerosols. The ocean is an important source of the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and its most important precursor carbon disulfide (CS2). In order to assess global variability of the sea surface concentrations of both gases to calculate their oceanic emissions, we have compiled a database of existing shipborne measurements.
Laura E. Revell, Stefanie Kremser, Sean Hartery, Mike Harvey, Jane P. Mulcahy, Jonny Williams, Olaf Morgenstern, Adrian J. McDonald, Vidya Varma, Leroy Bird, and Alex Schuddeboom
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15447–15466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15447-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15447-2019, 2019
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Aerosols over the Southern Ocean consist primarily of sea salt and sulfate, yet are seasonally biased in our model. We test three sulfate chemistry schemes to investigate DMS oxidation, which forms sulfate aerosol. Simulated cloud droplet number concentrations improve using more complex sulfate chemistry. We also show that a new sea spray aerosol source function, developed from measurements made on a recent Southern Ocean research voyage, improves the model's simulation of aerosol optical depth.
Corinna Kloss, Marc von Hobe, Michael Höpfner, Kaley A. Walker, Martin Riese, Jörn Ungermann, Birgit Hassler, Stefanie Kremser, and Greg E. Bodeker
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2129–2138, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2129-2019, 2019
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Are regional and seasonal averages from only a few satellite measurements, all aligned along a specific path, representative? Probably not. We present a method to adjust for the so-called
sampling biasand investigate its influence on derived long-term trends. The method is illustrated and validated for a long-lived trace gas (carbonyl sulfide), and it is shown that the influence of the sampling bias is too small to change scientific conclusions on long-term trends.
Jordis S. Tradowsky, Gregory E. Bodeker, Richard R. Querel, Peter J. H. Builtjes, and Jürgen Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2195–2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2195-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2195-2018, 2018
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A best-estimate data set of the temperature profile above the atmospheric measurement facility at Lauder, New Zealand, has been developed. This site atmospheric state best estimate (SASBE) combines atmospheric measurements made at two locations and includes an estimate of uncertainty on every data point. The SASBE enhances the value of measurements made by a reference-quality climate observing network and may be used for a variety of purposes in research and education.
Birgit Hassler, Stefanie Kremser, Greg E. Bodeker, Jared Lewis, Kage Nesbit, Sean M. Davis, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Sandip S. Dhomse, and Martin Dameris
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1473–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1473-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1473-2018, 2018
Sandip S. Dhomse, Douglas Kinnison, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Ross J. Salawitch, Irene Cionni, Michaela I. Hegglin, N. Luke Abraham, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Alex T. Archibald, Ewa M. Bednarz, Slimane Bekki, Peter Braesicke, Neal Butchart, Martin Dameris, Makoto Deushi, Stacey Frith, Steven C. Hardiman, Birgit Hassler, Larry W. Horowitz, Rong-Ming Hu, Patrick Jöckel, Beatrice Josse, Oliver Kirner, Stefanie Kremser, Ulrike Langematz, Jared Lewis, Marion Marchand, Meiyun Lin, Eva Mancini, Virginie Marécal, Martine Michou, Olaf Morgenstern, Fiona M. O'Connor, Luke Oman, Giovanni Pitari, David A. Plummer, John A. Pyle, Laura E. Revell, Eugene Rozanov, Robyn Schofield, Andrea Stenke, Kane Stone, Kengo Sudo, Simone Tilmes, Daniele Visioni, Yousuke Yamashita, and Guang Zeng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8409–8438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8409-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8409-2018, 2018
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We analyse simulations from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) to estimate the return dates of the stratospheric ozone layer from depletion by anthropogenic chlorine and bromine. The simulations from 20 models project that global column ozone will return to 1980 values in 2047 (uncertainty range 2042–2052). Return dates in other regions vary depending on factors related to climate change and importance of chlorine and bromine. Column ozone in the tropics may continue to decline.
Jonathan Conway, Greg Bodeker, and Chris Cameron
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8065–8077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8065-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8065-2018, 2018
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Strong westerly winds occur in the stratosphere during winter and spring. These winds, the polar vortex, limit how much air is mixed between mid- and high-latitudes. We present a new view of the polar vortex mixing barrier in the Southern Hemisphere, revealing a frequent double-walled barrier with two distinct regions of weak mixing. This double-walled structure is expected to alter the spatial and temporal variation of trace gas concentrations (e.g. ozone) across the polar vortex.
Stefanie Kremser, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Henning W. Rust, and Greg E. Bodeker
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3021–3029, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3021-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3021-2018, 2018
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We investigate the feasibility of quantifying the difference in biases of two instrument types (i.e. radiosondes) by flying the old and new instruments on alternating days, so-called interlacing, to statistically derive the systematic biases between the instruments. While it is in principle possible to estimate the difference between two instrument biases from interlaced measurements, the number of required interlaced flights is very large for reasonable autocorrelation coefficient values.
Elizabeth C. Weatherhead, Jerald Harder, Eduardo A. Araujo-Pradere, Greg Bodeker, Jason M. English, Lawrence E. Flynn, Stacey M. Frith, Jeffrey K. Lazo, Peter Pilewskie, Mark Weber, and Thomas N. Woods
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15069–15093, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15069-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15069-2017, 2017
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Satellite overlap is often carried out as a check on the stability of the data collected. We looked at how length of overlap influences how much information can be derived from the overlap period. Several results surprised us: the confidence we could have in the matchup of two records was independent of the offset, and understanding of the relative drift between the two satellite data sets improved significantly with 2–3 years of overlap. Sudden jumps could easily be confused with drift.
Jared Lewis, Greg E. Bodeker, Stefanie Kremser, and Andrew Tait
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4563–4575, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4563-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4563-2017, 2017
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The Ensemble Projections Incorporating Climate model uncertainty (EPIC) method uses climate pattern scaling to expand a small number of daily maximum and minimum surface temperature projections into an ensemble that captures the structural uncertainty between climate models. The method is useful for providing projections of changes in climate to users wishing to investigate the impacts of climate change in a probabilistic and computationally efficient way.
Laura E. Revell, Andrea Stenke, Beiping Luo, Stefanie Kremser, Eugene Rozanov, Timofei Sukhodolov, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13139–13150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13139-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13139-2017, 2017
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Compiling stratospheric aerosol data sets after a major volcanic eruption is difficult as the stratosphere becomes too optically opaque for satellite instruments to measure accurately. We performed ensemble chemistry–climate model simulations with two stratospheric aerosol data sets compiled for two international modelling activities and compared the simulated volcanic aerosol-induced effects from the 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption on tropical stratospheric temperature and ozone with observations.
Leon S. Friedrich, Adrian J. McDonald, Gregory E. Bodeker, Kathy E. Cooper, Jared Lewis, and Alexander J. Paterson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 855–866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-855-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-855-2017, 2017
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Information from long-duration balloons flying in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere during 2014 as part of X Project Loon are used to assess the quality of a number of different reanalyses. This work assesses the potential of the X Project Loon observations to validate outputs from the reanalysis models. In particular, we examined how the model winds compared with those derived from the balloon GPS information. We also examined simulated trajectories compared with the true trajectories.
Ulrike Langematz, Franziska Schmidt, Markus Kunze, Gregory E. Bodeker, and Peter Braesicke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15619–15627, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15619-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15619-2016, 2016
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The extent of anthropogenically driven Antarctic ozone depletion prior to 1980 is examined using transient chemistry–climate model simulations from 1960 to 2000 with prescribed changes of ozone depleting substances in conjunction with observations. All models show a long-term, halogen-induced negative trend in Antarctic ozone from 1960 to 1980, ranging between 26 and 50 % of the total anthropogenic ozone depletion from 1960 to 2000. A stronger ozone decline of 56 % was estimated from observation.
Gerald E. Nedoluha, Brian J. Connor, Thomas Mooney, James W. Barrett, Alan Parrish, R. Michael Gomez, Ian Boyd, Douglas R. Allen, Michael Kotkamp, Stefanie Kremser, Terry Deshler, Paul Newman, and Michelle L. Santee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10725–10734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10725-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10725-2016, 2016
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Chlorine monoxide (ClO) is central to the formation of the springtime Antarctic ozone hole since it is the catalytic agent in the most important ozone-depleting chemical cycle. We present 20 years of measurements of ClO from the Chlorine monOxide Experiment at Scott Base, Antarctica, and 12 years of measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder to show that the trends in ClO during the ozone hole season are consistent with changes in stratospheric chlorine observed elsewhere.
Yuting Wang, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Mathias Palm, Thorsten Warneke, Justus Notholt, Ian Baker, Joe Berry, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Nicholas Jones, Emmanuel Mahieu, Bernard Lejeune, James Hannigan, Stephanie Conway, Joseph Mendonca, Kimberly Strong, J. Elliott Campbell, Adam Wolf, and Stefanie Kremser
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2123–2138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2123-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2123-2016, 2016
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OCS could provide an additional constraint on the carbon cycle. The FTIR networks have existed for more than 20 years. For the first time, we used FTIR measurements of OCS and CO2 to study their relationship. We put the coupled CO2 and OCS land fluxes from the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB) into a transport model, and compared the simulations to the measurements. Looking at OCS and CO2 together inspires some new thoughts in how the biospheric models reproduce the carbon cycle in the real world.
N. R. P. Harris, B. Hassler, F. Tummon, G. E. Bodeker, D. Hubert, I. Petropavlovskikh, W. Steinbrecht, J. Anderson, P. K. Bhartia, C. D. Boone, A. Bourassa, S. M. Davis, D. Degenstein, A. Delcloo, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin-Beekmann, N. Jones, M. J. Kurylo, E. Kyrölä, M. Laine, S. T. Leblanc, J.-C. Lambert, B. Liley, E. Mahieu, A. Maycock, M. de Mazière, A. Parrish, R. Querel, K. H. Rosenlof, C. Roth, C. Sioris, J. Staehelin, R. S. Stolarski, R. Stübi, J. Tamminen, C. Vigouroux, K. A. Walker, H. J. Wang, J. Wild, and J. M. Zawodny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9965–9982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9965-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9965-2015, 2015
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Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported for new and recently revised data sets. The amount of ozone-depleting compounds in the stratosphere peaked in the second half of the 1990s. We examine the trends before and after that peak to see if any change in trend is discernible. The previously reported decreases are confirmed. Furthermore, the downward trend in upper stratospheric ozone has not continued. The possible significance of any increase is discussed in detail.
K. Kreher, G. E. Bodeker, and M. Sigmond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7653–7665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7653-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7653-2015, 2015
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This manuscript aims to answer the following question: which of the existing sites engaged in upper-air temperature measurements are best located to detect expected future trends within the shortest time possible? To do so, we explore one objective method for selecting the optimal locations for detecting projected 21st century trends and then demonstrate a similar technique for objectively selecting optimal locations for detecting expected future trends in total column ozone.
F. Tummon, B. Hassler, N. R. P. Harris, J. Staehelin, W. Steinbrecht, J. Anderson, G. E. Bodeker, A. Bourassa, S. M. Davis, D. Degenstein, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, E. Kyrölä, M. Laine, C. Long, A. A. Penckwitt, C. E. Sioris, K. H. Rosenlof, C. Roth, H.-J. Wang, and J. Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3021–3043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3021-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3021-2015, 2015
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Understanding ozone trends in the vertical is vital in terms of assessing the success of the Montreal Protocol. This paper compares and analyses the long-term trends in stratospheric ozone from seven new merged satellite data sets. The data sets largely agree well with each other, particularly for the negative trends seen in the early period 1984-1997. For the 1998-2011 period there is less agreement, but a clear shift from negative to mostly positive trends.
A. A. Penckwitt, G. E. Bodeker, P. Stoll, J. Lewis, T. von Clarmann, and A. Jones
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-235-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-235-2015, 2015
Preprint withdrawn
A. Parrish, I. S. Boyd, G. E. Nedoluha, P. K. Bhartia, S. M. Frith, N. A. Kramarova, B. J. Connor, G. E. Bodeker, L. Froidevaux, M. Shiotani, and T. Sakazaki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7255–7272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7255-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7255-2014, 2014
M. Rex, S. Kremser, P. Huck, G. Bodeker, I. Wohltmann, M. L. Santee, and P. Bernath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6545–6555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6545-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6545-2014, 2014
S. Kremser, G. E. Bodeker, and J. Lewis
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 249–266, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-249-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-249-2014, 2014
V. F. Sofieva, J. Tamminen, E. Kyrölä, T. Mielonen, P. Veefkind, B. Hassler, and G.E. Bodeker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 283–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-283-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-283-2014, 2014
S. Brönnimann, J. Bhend, J. Franke, S. Flückiger, A. M. Fischer, R. Bleisch, G. Bodeker, B. Hassler, E. Rozanov, and M. Schraner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9623–9639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9623-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9623-2013, 2013
H. Garny, G. E. Bodeker, D. Smale, M. Dameris, and V. Grewe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7279–7300, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7279-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7279-2013, 2013
B. Hassler, P. J. Young, R. W. Portmann, G. E. Bodeker, J. S. Daniel, K. H. Rosenlof, and S. Solomon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5533–5550, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5533-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5533-2013, 2013
P. E. Huck, G. E. Bodeker, S. Kremser, A. J. McDonald, M. Rex, and H. Struthers
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3237–3243, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3237-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3237-2013, 2013
G. E. Bodeker, B. Hassler, P. J. Young, and R. W. Portmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 31–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-31-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-31-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Others (Wind, Precipitation, Temperature, etc.) | Technique: In Situ Measurement | Topic: Data Processing and Information Retrieval
The role of time averaging of eddy covariance fluxes on water use efficiency dynamics of maize
Number- and size-controlled rainfall regimes in the Netherlands: physical reality or statistical mirage?
The Far-INfrarEd Spectrometer for Surface Emissivity (FINESSE) – Part 2: First measurements of the emissivity of water in the far-infrared
Hailstorm events in the Central Andes of Peru: insights from historical data and radar microphysics
Hybrid instrument network optimization for air quality monitoring
Double moment normalization of hail size number distributions over Switzerland
Objective identification of pressure wave events from networks of 1 Hz, high-precision sensors
Adjustment of 1 min rain gauge time series using co-located drop size distribution and wind speed measurements
Estimating turbulent energy flux vertical profiles from uncrewed aircraft system measurements: exemplary results for the MOSAiC campaign
Gap filling of turbulent heat fluxes over rice–wheat rotation croplands using the random forest model
Estimation of raindrop size distribution and rain rate with infrared surveillance camera in dark conditions
Estimates of the spatially complete, observational-data-driven planetary boundary layer height over the contiguous United States
Detection of turbulence occurrences from temperature, pressure, and position measurements under superpressure balloons
Inferring surface energy fluxes using drone data assimilation in large eddy simulations
Raindrop size distribution (DSD) during the passage of tropical cyclone Nivar: effect of measuring principle and wind on DSDs and retrieved rain integral and polarimetric parameters from impact and laser disdrometers
Automatic quality control of telemetric rain gauge data providing quantitative quality information (RainGaugeQC)
Testing the efficacy of atmospheric boundary layer height detection algorithms using uncrewed aircraft system data from MOSAiC
Considerations for improving data quality of thermo-hygrometer sensors on board unmanned aerial systems for planetary boundary layer research
Characteristics of the derived energy dissipation rate using the 1 Hz commercial aircraft quick access recorder (QAR) data
Low-level buoyancy as a tool to understand boundary layer transitions
Estimating vertical wind power density using tower observation and empirical models over varied desert steppe terrain in northern China
Air temperature equation derived from sonic temperature and water vapor mixing ratio for turbulent airflow sampled through closed-path eddy-covariance flux systems
Wind speed and direction estimation from wave spectra using deep learning
Options to correct local turbulent flux measurements for large-scale fluxes using an approach based on large-eddy simulation
Global ensemble of temperatures over 1850–2018: quantification of uncertainties in observations, coverage, and spatial modeling (GETQUOCS)
Reconstruction of the mass and geometry of snowfall particles from multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC) images
A new zenith hydrostatic delay model for real-time retrievals of GNSS-PWV
Sampling error in aircraft flux measurements based on a high-resolution large eddy simulation of the marine boundary layer
Separation of convective and stratiform precipitation using polarimetric radar data with a support vector machine method
An approach to minimize aircraft motion bias in multi-hole probe wind measurements made by small unmanned aerial systems
Interpolation uncertainty of atmospheric temperature profiles
Unsupervised classification of snowflake images using a generative adversarial network and K-medoids classification
An improved post-processing technique for automatic precipitation gauge time series
Retrieval of eddy dissipation rate from derived equivalent vertical gust included in Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
Atmospheric condition identification in multivariate data through a metric for total variation
Identifying persistent temperature inversion events in a subalpine basin using radon-222
Evaluation of wake influence on high-resolution balloon-sonde measurements
Improving the mean and uncertainty of ultraviolet multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer in situ calibration factors: utilizing Gaussian process regression with a new method to estimate dynamic input uncertainty
Empirical high-resolution wind field and gust model in mountainous and hilly terrain based on the dense WegenerNet station networks
Performance of the FMI cosine error correction method for the Brewer spectral UV measurements
Computational efficiency for the surface renewal method
Raindrop fall velocities from an optical array probe and 2-D video disdrometer
Novel approaches to estimating the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from low- and moderate-resolution velocity fluctuation time series
Smoothing data series by means of cubic splines: quality of approximation and introduction of a repeating spline approach
Data-driven clustering of rain events: microphysics information derived from macro-scale observations
Solid hydrometeor classification and riming degree estimation from pictures collected with a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera
Dust opacities inside the dust devil column in the Taklimakan Desert
Comparison of GPS tropospheric delays derived from two consecutive EPN reprocessing campaigns from the point of view of climate monitoring
Ensemble mean density and its connection to other microphysical properties of falling snow as observed in Southern Finland
An automated nowcasting model of significant instability events in the flight terminal area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Arun Rao Karimindla, Shweta Kumari, Saipriya S R, Syam Chintala, and BVN P. Kambhammettu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5477–5490, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5477-2024, 2024
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This study investigates the role of the averaging period of eddy covariance fluxes on the energy balance ratio and further propagation into water use efficiency dynamics. Application was demonstrated on a maize field considering EC flux data. We found that the time averages of EC fluxes that yield the most effective EBR are at 45 and 60 min. The 30 min averaging period was insufficient to capture low-frequency fluxes. Time averaging of EC fluxes needs to be performed based on crop growth stage.
Marc Schleiss
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4789–4802, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4789-2024, 2024
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Research is conducted to identify special rainfall patterns in the Netherlands using multiple types of rainfall sensors. A total of eight potentially unique events are analyzed, considering both the number and size of raindrops. However, no clear evidence supporting the existence of a special rainfall regime could be found. The results highlight the challenges in experimentally confirming well-established theoretical ideas in the field of precipitation sciences.
Laura Warwick, Jonathan E. Murray, and Helen Brindley
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4777–4787, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4777-2024, 2024
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We describe a method for measuring the emissivity of natural surfaces using data from the new Far-INfrarEd Spectrometer for Surface Emissivity (FINESSE) instrument. We demonstrate our method by making measurements of the emissivity of water. We then compare our results to the emissivity predicted using a model and find good agreement. The observations from FINESSE are novel because they allow us to determine surface emissivity at longer wavelengths than have been routinely measured before.
Jairo M. Valdivia, José Luis Flores-Rojas, Josep J. Prado, David Guizado, Elver Villalobos-Puma, Stephany Callañaupa, and Yamina Silva-Vidal
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2295–2316, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2295-2024, 2024
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In this study, we explored hailstorms in the Central Andes of Peru. We used historical records and radar measurements to understand the frequency, timing, and characteristics of these hail events. Our research found a trend of decreasing hail frequency, probably due to anthropogenic climate change. Understanding these weather patterns is critical for local communities, as it can help improve weather forecasts and manage risks related to these potentially destructive events.
Nishant Ajnoti, Hemant Gehlot, and Sachchida Nand Tripathi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1651–1664, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1651-2024, 2024
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This research focuses on the optimal placement of hybrid instruments (sensors and monitors) to maximize satisfaction function considering population, PM2.5 concentration, budget, and other factors. Two algorithms are developed in this study: a genetic algorithm and a greedy algorithm. We tested these algorithms on various regions. The insights of this work aid in quantitative placement of air quality monitoring instruments in large cities, moving away from ad hoc approaches.
Alfonso Ferrone, Jérôme Kopp, Martin Lainer, Marco Gabella, Urs Germann, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-2, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
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Estimates of hail size have been collected by a network of hail sensors, installed in three regions of Switzerland, since September 2018. In this study, we use a technique called “double moment normalization” to model the distribution of diameter sizes. The parameters of the method have been defined over 70 % of the dataset, and testes over the remaining 30 %. An independent distribution of hail sizes, collected by a drone, has also been used to evaluate the method.
Luke R. Allen, Sandra E. Yuter, Matthew A. Miller, and Laura M. Tomkins
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 113–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-113-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-113-2024, 2024
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We present a data set of high-precision surface air pressure observations and a method for detecting wave signals from the time series of pressure. A wavelet-based method is used to find wave signals at specific times and wave periods. From networks of pressure sensors spaced tens of kilometers apart, the wave phase speed and direction are estimated. Examples of wave events and their meteorological context are shown using radar data, weather balloon data, and other surface weather observations.
Arianna Cauteruccio, Mattia Stagnaro, Luca G. Lanza, and Pak-Wai Chan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4155–4163, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4155-2023, 2023
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Adjustments for the wind-induced bias of traditional rainfall gauges are applied to data from the Hong Kong Observatory using numerical simulation results. An optical disdrometer allows us to infer the collection efficiency of the rainfall gauge. Due to the local climatology, adjustments are limited but result in a significant amount of available freshwater resources that would be missing from the calculated hydrological budget of the region should the adjustments be neglected.
Ulrike Egerer, John J. Cassano, Matthew D. Shupe, Gijs de Boer, Dale Lawrence, Abhiram Doddi, Holger Siebert, Gina Jozef, Radiance Calmer, Jonathan Hamilton, Christian Pilz, and Michael Lonardi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2297–2317, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2297-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2297-2023, 2023
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This paper describes how measurements from a small uncrewed aircraft system can be used to estimate the vertical turbulent heat energy exchange between different layers in the atmosphere. This is particularly important for the atmosphere in the Arctic, as turbulent exchange in this region is often suppressed but is still important to understand how the atmosphere interacts with sea ice. We present three case studies from the MOSAiC field campaign in Arctic sea ice in 2020.
Jianbin Zhang, Zexia Duan, Shaohui Zhou, Yubin Li, and Zhiqiu Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2197–2207, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2197-2023, 2023
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In this paper, we used a random forest model to fill the observation gaps of the fluxes measured during 2015–2019. We found that the net radiation was the most important input variable. And we justified the reliability of the model. Further, it was revealed that the model performed better after relative humidity was removed from the input. Lastly, we compared the results of the model with those of three other machine learning models, and we found that the model outperformed all of them.
Jinwook Lee, Jongyun Byun, Jongjin Baik, Changhyun Jun, and Hyeon-Joon Kim
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 707–725, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-707-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-707-2023, 2023
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Our study addresses raindrop size distribution and rain rate by extracting rain streaks using a k-nearest-neighbor-based algorithm, estimating rainfall intensity using raindrop size distribution based on physical optics analysis, and verifying the estimated raindrop size distribution using a disdrometer. Experimentation demonstrated the possibility of estimating an image-based raindrop size distribution and rain rate obtained based on such low-cost equipment in dark conditions.
Zolal Ayazpour, Shiqi Tao, Dan Li, Amy Jo Scarino, Ralph E. Kuehn, and Kang Sun
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 563–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-563-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-563-2023, 2023
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Accurate knowledge of the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is essential to study air pollution. However, PBLH observations are sparse in space and time, and PBLHs used in atmospheric models are often inaccurate. Using PBLH observations from the Aircraft Meteorological DAta Relay (AMDAR), we present a machine learning framework to produce a spatially complete PBLH product over the contiguous US that shows a better agreement with reference PBLH observations than commonly used PBLH products.
Richard Wilson, Clara Pitois, Aurélien Podglajen, Albert Hertzog, Milena Corcos, and Riwal Plougonven
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 311–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-311-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-311-2023, 2023
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Strateole-2 is an French–US initiative designed to study atmospheric events in the tropical upper troposphere–lower stratosphere. In this work, data from several superpressure balloons, capable of staying aloft at an altitude of 18–20 km for over 3 months, were used. The present article describes methods to detect the occurrence of atmospheric turbulence – one efficient process impacting the properties of the atmosphere composition via stirring and mixing.
Norbert Pirk, Kristoffer Aalstad, Sebastian Westermann, Astrid Vatne, Alouette van Hove, Lena Merete Tallaksen, Massimo Cassiani, and Gabriel Katul
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7293–7314, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7293-2022, 2022
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In this study, we show how sparse and noisy drone measurements can be combined with an ensemble of turbulence-resolving wind simulations to estimate uncertainty-aware surface energy exchange. We demonstrate the feasibility of this drone data assimilation framework in a series of synthetic and real-world experiments. This new framework can, in future, be applied to estimate energy and gas exchange in heterogeneous landscapes more representatively than conventional methods.
Basivi Radhakrishna
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6705–6722, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6705-2022, 2022
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Raindrop size distributions (DSDs) measured by various types of disdrometers are different in the same environmental conditions. The mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) measured from JWD is larger, and ZDR is smaller than LPM and PARSIVEL due to the resonance effect at X-band frequency. The effect of wind on DSD measured by various disdrometers is not uniform in different regions of a tropical cyclone.
Katarzyna Ośródka, Irena Otop, and Jan Szturc
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5581–5597, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5581-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5581-2022, 2022
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The quality control of sub-hourly rain gauge data is a challenging task due to the high variability and low spatial consistency of the data. We developed an innovative approach to the quality control of telemetric rain gauge data focused on assessing the reliability of individual observations. Our scheme employs weather radar data to detect erroneous rain gauge measurements and to assess the data reliability. The scheme is used operationally by the Polish meteorological and hydrological service.
Gina Jozef, John Cassano, Sandro Dahlke, and Gijs de Boer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4001–4022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4001-2022, 2022
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During the MOSAiC expedition, meteorological conditions over the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere were sampled with the DataHawk2 uncrewed aircraft system. These data were used to identify the best method for atmospheric boundary layer height detection by comparing visually identified subjective boundary layer height to that identified by several objective automated detection methods. The results show a bulk Richardson number-based approach gives the best estimate of boundary layer height.
Antonio R. Segales, Phillip B. Chilson, and Jorge L. Salazar-Cerreño
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2607–2621, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2607-2022, 2022
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The mitigation of undesired contamination, sensor characterization, and signal conditioning and restoration is crucial to improve the reliability of the weather unmanned aerial system (UAS) deliverables. This study presents an overview of the general considerations and procedures to compensate for slow sensor response and other sources of error for temperature and humidity measurements collected using a UAS.
Soo-Hyun Kim, Jeonghoe Kim, Jung-Hoon Kim, and Hye-Yeong Chun
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2277–2298, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2277-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2277-2022, 2022
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The cube root of the energy dissipation rate (EDR), as a standard reporting metric of atmospheric turbulence, is estimated using 1 Hz commercial quick access recorder data from Korean-based national air carriers with two different types of aircraft. Various EDRs are estimated using zonal, meridional, and derived vertical wind components and the derived equivalent vertical gust. Characteristics of the observed EDR estimates using 1 Hz flight data are examined to observe strong turbulence cases.
Francesca M. Lappin, Tyler M. Bell, Elizabeth A. Pillar-Little, and Phillip B. Chilson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1185–1200, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1185-2022, 2022
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This study evaluates how a classically defined variable, air parcel buoyancy, can be used to interpret transitions in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). To capture the high-resolution variations, remotely piloted aircraft systems are used to collect data in two field campaigns. This paper finds that buoyancy has distinct evolutions prior to low-level jet and convective initiation cases. Additionally, buoyancy mixes well to act as an ABL height indicator comparable to other methods.
Shaohui Zhou, Yuanjian Yang, Zhiqiu Gao, Xingya Xi, Zexia Duan, and Yubin Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 757–773, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-757-2022, 2022
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Our research has determined the possible relationship between Weibull natural wind mesoscale parameter c and shape factor k with height under the conditions of a desert steppe terrain in northern China, which has great potential in wind power generation. We have gained an enhanced understanding of the seasonal changes in the surface roughness of the desert grassland and the changes in the incoming wind direction.
Xinhua Zhou, Tian Gao, Eugene S. Takle, Xiaojie Zhen, Andrew E. Suyker, Tala Awada, Jane Okalebo, and Jiaojun Zhu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 95–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-95-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-95-2022, 2022
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Air temperature from sonic temperature and air moisture has been used without an exact equation. We present an exact equation of such air temperature for closed-path eddy-covariance flux measurements. Air temperature from this equation is equivalent to sonic temperature in its accuracy and frequency response. It is a choice for advanced flux topics because, with it, thermodynamic variables in the flux measurements can be temporally synchronized and spatially matched at measurement scales.
Haoyu Jiang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1-2022, 2022
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Sea surface wind and waves are important ocean parameters that can be continuously observed by meteorological buoys. Meteorological buoys are sparse in the ocean due to their high cost of deployment and maintenance. In contrast, low-cost compact wave buoys are suited for deployment in large numbers. Although wave buoys are not designed for wind measurement, we found that deep learning can estimate wind from wave measurements accurately, making wave buoys a good-quality data source for sea wind.
Matthias Mauder, Andreas Ibrom, Luise Wanner, Frederik De Roo, Peter Brugger, Ralf Kiese, and Kim Pilegaard
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7835–7850, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7835-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7835-2021, 2021
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Turbulent flux measurements suffer from a general systematic underestimation. One reason for this bias is non-local transport by large-scale circulations. A recently developed model for this additional transport of sensible and latent energy is evaluated for three different test sites. Different options on how to apply this correction are presented, and the results are evaluated against independent measurements.
Maryam Ilyas, Douglas Nychka, Chris Brierley, and Serge Guillas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7103–7121, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7103-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7103-2021, 2021
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Instrumental temperature records are fundamental to climate science. There are spatial gaps in the distribution of these measurements across the globe. This lack of spatial coverage introduces coverage error. In this research, a methodology is developed and used to quantify the coverage errors. It results in a data product that, for the first time, provides a full description of both the spatial coverage uncertainties along with the uncertainties in the modeling of these spatial gaps.
Jussi Leinonen, Jacopo Grazioli, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6851–6866, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6851-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6851-2021, 2021
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Measuring the shape, size and mass of a large number of snowflakes is a challenging task; it is hard to achieve in an automatic and instrumented manner. We present a method to retrieve these properties of individual snowflakes using as input a triplet of images/pictures automatically collected by a multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC) instrument. Our method, based on machine learning, is trained on artificially generated snowflakes and evaluated on 3D-printed snowflake replicas.
Longjiang Li, Suqin Wu, Kefei Zhang, Xiaoming Wang, Wang Li, Zhen Shen, Dantong Zhu, Qimin He, and Moufeng Wan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6379–6394, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6379-2021, 2021
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The zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) derived from blind models are of low accuracy, especially in mid- and high-latitude regions. To address this issue, the ratio of the ZHD to zenith total delay (ZTD) is firstly investigated; then, based on the relationship between the ZHD and ZTD, a new ZHD model was developed using the back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) method which took the ZTD as an input variable. The model outperforms blind models.
Grant W. Petty
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1959–1976, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1959-2021, 2021
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Aircraft measurements of turbulent fluxes of matter and energy are important in field investigations of the interaction of the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. Because these measurements are of randomly fluctuating quantities, averages must be taken over longer flight tracks to reduce uncertainty. This paper investigates the relationship between track length and measurement error using a computer model simulation of a marine environment and compares the results with published theory.
Yadong Wang, Lin Tang, Pao-Liang Chang, and Yu-Shuang Tang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 185–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-185-2021, 2021
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The motivation of this work is to develop a precipitation separation approach that can be implemented on those radars with fast scanning schemes. In these schemes, the higher tilt radar data are not available, which poses a challenge for the traditional approaches. This approach uses artificial intelligence, which integrates polarimetric radar variables. The quantitative precipitation estimation will benefit from the output of this algorithm.
Loiy Al-Ghussain and Sean C. C. Bailey
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 173–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-173-2021, 2021
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Unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with multi-hole probes are an effective approach to measure the wind vector with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, the aircraft motion must be removed from the measured signal first, a process often introducing bias due to small errors in the relative orientation of coordinates. We present an approach that has successfully been applied in post-processing, which was found to minimize the influence of aircraft motion on wind measurements.
Alessandro Fassò, Michael Sommer, and Christoph von Rohden
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6445–6458, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6445-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6445-2020, 2020
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Modern radiosonde balloons fly from ground level up to the lower stratosphere and take temperature measurements. What is the uncertainty of interpolated values in the resulting atmospheric temperature profiles? To answer this question, we introduce a general statistical–mathematical model for the computation of interpolation uncertainty. Analysing more than 51 million measurements, we provide some understanding of the consequences of filling missing data with interpolated ones.
Jussi Leinonen and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2949–2964, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2949-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2949-2020, 2020
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The appearance of snowflakes provides a signature of the atmospheric processes that created them. To get this information from large numbers of snowflake images, automated analysis using computer image recognition is needed. In this work, we use a neural network that learns the structure of the snowflake images to divide a snowflake dataset into classes corresponding to different sizes and structures. Unlike with most comparable methods, only minimal input from a human expert is needed.
Amber Ross, Craig D. Smith, and Alan Barr
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2979–2994, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2979-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2979-2020, 2020
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The raw data derived from most automated accumulating precipitation gauges often suffer from non-precipitation-related fluctuations in the measurement of the gauge bucket weights from which the precipitation amount is determined. This noise can be caused by electrical interference, mechanical noise, and evaporation. This paper presents an automated filtering technique that builds on the principle of iteratively balancing noise to produce a clean precipitation time series.
Soo-Hyun Kim, Hye-Yeong Chun, Jung-Hoon Kim, Robert D. Sharman, and Matt Strahan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1373–1385, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1373-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1373-2020, 2020
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We retrieve the eddy dissipation rate (EDR) from the derived equivalent vertical gust included in the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay data for more reliable and consistent observations of aviation turbulence globally with the single preferred EDR metric. We convert the DEVG to the EDR using two methods (lognormal mapping scheme and best-fit curve between EDR and DEVG), and the DEVG-derived EDRs are evaluated against in situ EDR data reported by US-operated carriers.
Nicholas Hamilton
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1019–1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1019-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1019-2020, 2020
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The identification of atmospheric conditions within a multivariable atmospheric data set is an important step in validating emerging and existing models used to simulate wind plant flows and operational strategies. The total variation approach developed here offers a method founded in tested mathematical metrics and can be used to identify and characterize periods corresponding to quiescent conditions or specific events of interest for study or wind energy development.
Dafina Kikaj, Janja Vaupotič, and Scott D. Chambers
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4455–4477, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4455-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4455-2019, 2019
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A new method was developed to identify persistent temperature inversion events in a subalpine basin using a radon-based method (RBM). By comparing with an existing pseudo-vertical temperature gradient method, the RBM was shown to be more reliable and seasonally independent. The RBM has the potential to increase the understanding of meteorological controls on air pollution episodes in complex terrain beyond the capability of contemporary atmospheric stability classification tools.
Jens Faber, Michael Gerding, Andreas Schneider, Andreas Dörnbrack, Henrike Wilms, Johannes Wagner, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4191–4210, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4191-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4191-2019, 2019
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Atmospheric measurements on rising balloons can be compromised by the balloon's wake. The aim of this study is to provide a tool for assessing the likelihood of encountering the balloon's wake at the position of the gondola. This includes an uncertainty analysis of the calculation and a retrieval of vertical winds. We find an average wake encounter probability of 28 % for a standard radiosonde. Additionally, we evaluate the influence of wake from smaller objects on turbulence measurements.
Maosi Chen, Zhibin Sun, John M. Davis, Yan-An Liu, Chelsea A. Corr, and Wei Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 935–953, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-935-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-935-2019, 2019
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Combining a new dynamic uncertainty estimation method with Gaussian process regression (GP), we provide a generic and robust solution to estimate the underlying mean and uncertainty functions of time series with variable mean, noise, sampling density, and length of gaps. The GP solution was applied and validated on three UV-MFRSR Vo time series at three ground sites with improved accuracy of the smoothed time series in terms of aerosol optical depth compared with two other smoothing methods.
Christoph Schlager, Gottfried Kirchengast, and Juergen Fuchsberger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5607–5627, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5607-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5607-2018, 2018
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In this work we further developed and evaluated an operational weather diagnostic application, the WegenerNet Wind Product Generator (WPG), and applied it to the WegenerNet Johnsbachtal (JBT), a dense meteorological station network located in a mountainous Alpine region. The WPG automatically generates gridded high-resolution wind fields in near-real time with a temporal resolution of 30 min and a spatial resolution of 100 m x 100 m.
Kaisa Lakkala, Antti Arola, Julian Gröbner, Sergio Fabian León-Luis, Alberto Redondas, Stelios Kazadzis, Tomi Karppinen, Juha Matti Karhu, Luca Egli, Anu Heikkilä, Tapani Koskela, Antonio Serrano, and José Manuel Vilaplana
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5167–5180, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5167-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5167-2018, 2018
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The performance of the cosine error correction method for correcting spectral UV measurements of the Brewer spectroradiometer was studied. The correction depends on the sky radiation distribution, which can change during one spectral scan. The results showed that the correction varied between 4 and 14 %, and that the relative differences between the reference and the Brewer diminished by 10 %. The method is applicable to other instruments as long as the required input parameters are available.
Jason Kelley and Chad Higgins
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2151–2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2151-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2151-2018, 2018
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Measuring fluxes of energy and trace gases using the surface renewal (SR) method can be economical and robust, but it requires computationally intensive calculations. Several new algorithms were written to perform the required calculations more efficiently and rapidly, and were tested with field data and computationally rigorous SR methods. These efficient algorithms facilitate expanded use of SR in atmospheric experiments, for applied monitoring, and in novel field implementations.
Viswanathan Bringi, Merhala Thurai, and Darrel Baumgardner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1377–1384, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1377-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1377-2018, 2018
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Raindrop fall velocities are important for rain rate estimation, soil erosion studies and in numerical modelling of rain formation in clouds. The assumption that the fall velocity is uniquely related to drop size is made inherently based on laboratory measurements under still air conditions from nearly 68 years ago. There have been very few measurements of drop fall speeds in natural rain under both still and turbulent wind conditions. We report on fall speed measurements in natural rain shafts.
Marta Wacławczyk, Yong-Feng Ma, Jacek M. Kopeć, and Szymon P. Malinowski
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4573–4585, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4573-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4573-2017, 2017
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We propose two novel methods to estimate turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate applicable to airborne measurements. In this way we increase robustness of the dissipation rate retrieval and extend its applicability to a wider range of data sets. The new approaches relate the predicted form of the dissipation spectrum to the mean of zero crossings of the measured velocity fluctuations. The methods are easy to implement numerically, and estimates remain unaffected by certain measurement errors.
Sabine Wüst, Verena Wendt, Ricarda Linz, and Michael Bittner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3453–3462, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3453-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3453-2017, 2017
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Cubic splines with equidistant spline sampling points are a common method in atmospheric science for the approximation of background conditions by means of filtering superimposed fluctuations from a data series. However, splines can generate considerable artificial oscillations in the background and the residuals. We introduce a repeating spline approach which is able to significantly reduce this phenomenon and to apply it to TIMED-SABER vertical temperature profiles from 2010 to 2014.
Mohamed Djallel Dilmi, Cécile Mallet, Laurent Barthes, and Aymeric Chazottes
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1557–1574, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1557-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1557-2017, 2017
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The concept of a rain event is used to obtain a parsimonious characterisation of rain events using a minimal subset of variables at macrophysical scale. A classification in five classes is obtained in a unsupervised way from this subset. Relationships between these classes of microphysical parameters of precipitation are highlighted. There are several implications especially for remote sensing in the context of weather radar applications and quantitative precipitation estimation.
Christophe Praz, Yves-Alain Roulet, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1335–1357, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1335-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1335-2017, 2017
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The Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) provides high-resolution pictures of individual falling snowflakes and ice crystals. A method is proposed to automatically classify these pictures into six classes of snowflakes as well to estimate the degree of riming and to detect whether or not the particles are melting. Multinomial logistic regression is used with a manually classified
reference set. The evaluation demonstrates the good and reliable performance of the proposed technique.
Zhaopeng Luan, Yongxiang Han, Tianliang Zhao, Feng Liu, Chong Liu, Mark J. Rood, Xinghua Yang, Qing He, and Huichao Lu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 273–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-273-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-273-2017, 2017
Zofia Baldysz, Grzegorz Nykiel, Andrzej Araszkiewicz, Mariusz Figurski, and Karolina Szafranek
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4861–4877, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4861-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4861-2016, 2016
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In this paper two official processing strategies of GPS observations were analysed. The main purpose was to assess differences in long-term (linear trends) and short-term (oscillations) changes between these two sets of data. Investigation was based on 18-year and 16-year time series and showed that, despite the general consistency, for selected stations a change of processing strategy may have caused significant differences (compared to the uncertainties) in estimated linear trend values.
Jussi Tiira, Dmitri N. Moisseev, Annakaisa von Lerber, Davide Ori, Ali Tokay, Larry F. Bliven, and Walter Petersen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4825–4841, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4825-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4825-2016, 2016
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In this study winter measurements collected in Southern Finland are used to document microphysical properties of falling snow. It is shown that a new video imager can be used for such studies. Snow properties do vary between winters.
Gutemberg Borges França, Manoel Valdonel de Almeida, and Alessana C. Rosette
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2335–2344, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2335-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2335-2016, 2016
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Short summary
This paper presents a novel model, based on neural network techniques, to produce short-term and locally specific forecasts of significant instability for flights in the terminal area of Rio de Janeiro's airport, Brazil. Twelve years of data were used for neural network training/validation and test. The test showed that the proposed model can grab the physical content inside the data set, and its performance is encouraging for the first and second hours to nowcast significant instability events.
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Short summary
This paper discusses, and demonstrates, the methodology for reliably determining long-term trends in upper air climate data records and how measurement uncertainties should be used in trend analyses. A pedagogical approach is taken whereby numerical recipes for key parts of the trend analysis process are explored. The paper describes the construction of linear least squares regression models for trend analysis and the boot-strapping approach to determine the uncertainty on the derived trends.
This paper discusses, and demonstrates, the methodology for reliably determining long-term...
