Articles | Volume 9, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1993-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1993-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 May 2016
Research article |
| 03 May 2016
Evaluation of three lidar scanning strategies for turbulence measurements
Jennifer F. Newman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK,
USA
now at: National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
Petra M. Klein
School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK,
USA
Sonia Wharton
Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
Ameya Sathe
DTU Wind Energy, Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark
now at: DONG Energy, Copenhagen, Denmark
Timothy A. Bonin
School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK,
USA
now at: Cooperative Institute for Research in the
Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, and National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory,
Boulder, CO, USA
Phillip B. Chilson
School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK,
USA
Advanced Radar Research Center, University of Oklahoma,
Norman, OK, USA
Andreas Muschinski
NorthWest Research Associates, Boulder, CO, USA
Related authors
Jennifer F. Newman and Andrew Clifton
Wind Energ. Sci., 2, 77–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-77-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-77-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Remote-sensing devices such as lidars are often used for wind energy studies. Lidars measure mean wind speeds accurately but measure different values of turbulence than an instrument on a tower. In this paper, a model is described that improves lidar turbulence estimates. The model can be applied to commercially available lidars in real time or post-processing. Results indicate that the model performs well under most atmospheric conditions but retains some errors under daytime conditions.
Timothy A. Bonin, Jennifer F. Newman, Petra M. Klein, Phillip B. Chilson, and Sonia Wharton
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5833–5852, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5833-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5833-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulence measurements are important to boundary layer meteorology and related fields. Doppler lidars are capable of providing continuous profiles of turbulence statistics. Herein, the most direct turbulence measurement, vertical velocity variance, is validated with those from sonic anemometers. Spectra are also compared. A method of calculating velocity variance using the autocovariance is shown to improve the accuracy of the measurement by mitigating effects of noise and averaging.
Robert S. Arthur, Alex Rybchuk, Timothy W. Juliano, Gabriel Rios, Sonia Wharton, Julie K. Lundquist, and Jerome D. Fast
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-137, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-137, 2024
Preprint under review for WES
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates a new model configuration for wind energy forecasting in complex terrain. We compare model results to observations in the Altamont Pass (California, USA), where wind channeling through a mountain pass leads to increased energy production. We show evidence of improved wind speed and turbulence predictions compared to a more established modeling approach. Our work helps to ensure the robustness of the new model configuration for future wind energy applications.
Aliza Abraham, Matteo Puccioni, Arianna Jordan, Emina Maric, Nicola Bodini, Nicholas Hamilton, Stefano Letizia, Petra M. Klein, Elizabeth Smith, Sonia Wharton, Jonathan Gero, Jamey D. Jacob, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Rob K. Newsom, Mikhail Pekour, and Patrick Moriarty
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-148, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-148, 2024
Preprint under review for WES
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first to use real-world atmospheric measurements to show that large wind plants can increase the height of the planetary boundary layer, the part of the atmosphere near the surface where life takes place. The planetary boundary layer height governs processes like pollutant transport and cloud formation, and is a key parameter for modeling the atmosphere. The results of this study provide important insights into interactions between wind plants and their local environment.
Adam S. Wise, Robert S. Arthur, Aliza Abraham, Sonia Wharton, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Rob Newsom, Brian Hirth, John Schroeder, Patrick Moriarty, and Fotini K. Chow
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-84, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-84, 2024
Preprint under review for WES
Short summary
Short summary
Wind farms can be subject to rapidly changing weather events. In the United States Great Plains, some of these weather events can result in waves in the atmosphere that ultimately affect how much power a wind farm can produce. We modeled a specific event of waves observed in Oklahoma. We determined how to accurately model the event and analyzed how it affected a wind farm’s power production finding that the waves both decreased power and made it more variable.
Francesca Lappin, Gijs de Boer, Petra Klein, Jonathan Hamilton, Michelle Spencer, Radiance Calmer, Antonio R. Segales, Michael Rhodes, Tyler M. Bell, Justin Buchli, Kelsey Britt, Elizabeth Asher, Isaac Medina, Brian Butterworth, Leia Otterstatter, Madison Ritsch, Bryony Puxley, Angelina Miller, Arianna Jordan, Ceu Gomez-Faulk, Elizabeth Smith, Steven Borenstein, Troy Thornberry, Brian Argrow, and Elizabeth Pillar-Little
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2525–2541, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article provides an overview of the lower-atmospheric dataset collected by two uncrewed aerial systems near the Gulf of Mexico coastline south of Houston, TX, USA, as part of the TRacking Aerosol Convection interactions ExpeRiment (TRACER) campaign. The data were collected through boundary layer transitions, through sea breeze circulations, and in the pre- and near-storm environment to understand how these processes influence the coastal environment.
Francesca M. Lappin, Tyler M. Bell, Elizabeth A. Pillar-Little, and Phillip B. Chilson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1185–1200, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1185-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates how a classically defined variable, air parcel buoyancy, can be used to interpret transitions in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). To capture the high-resolution variations, remotely piloted aircraft systems are used to collect data in two field campaigns. This paper finds that buoyancy has distinct evolutions prior to low-level jet and convective initiation cases. Additionally, buoyancy mixes well to act as an ABL height indicator comparable to other methods.
Andrew O. Langford, Christoph J. Senff, Raul J. Alvarez II, Ken C. Aikin, Sunil Baidar, Timothy A. Bonin, W. Alan Brewer, Jerome Brioude, Steven S. Brown, Joel D. Burley, Dani J. Caputi, Stephen A. Conley, Patrick D. Cullis, Zachary C. J. Decker, Stéphanie Evan, Guillaume Kirgis, Meiyun Lin, Mariusz Pagowski, Jeff Peischl, Irina Petropavlovskikh, R. Bradley Pierce, Thomas B. Ryerson, Scott P. Sandberg, Chance W. Sterling, Ann M. Weickmann, and Li Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1707–1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1707-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1707-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport–Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) combined lidar, aircraft, and in situ measurements with global models to investigate the contributions of stratospheric intrusions, regional and Asian pollution, and wildfires to background ozone in the southwestern US during May and June 2017 and demonstrated that these processes contributed to background ozone levels that exceeded 70 % of the US National Ambient Air Quality Standard during the 6-week campaign.
Miguel Sanchez Gomez, Julie K. Lundquist, Petra M. Klein, and Tyler M. Bell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3539–3549, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In July 2018, the International Society for Atmospheric Research using Remotely-piloted Aircraft (ISARRA) hosted a flight week to demonstrate unmanned aircraft systems' capabilities in sampling the atmospheric boundary layer. Three Doppler lidars were deployed during this week-long experiment. We use data from these lidars to estimate turbulence dissipation rate. We observe large temporal variability and significant differences in dissipation for lidars with different sampling techniques.
Tyler M. Bell, Petra M. Klein, Julie K. Lundquist, and Sean Waugh
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1041–1051, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1041-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1041-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In July 2018, numerous weather sensing remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) were flown in a flight week called Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). As part of LAPSE-RATE, ground-based remote and in situ systems were also deployed to supplement and enhance observations from the RPASs. These instruments include multiple Doppler lidars, thermodynamic profilers, and radiosondes. This paper describes data from these systems.
Elizabeth A. Pillar-Little, Brian R. Greene, Francesca M. Lappin, Tyler M. Bell, Antonio R. Segales, Gustavo Britto Hupsel de Azevedo, William Doyle, Sai Teja Kanneganti, Daniel D. Tripp, and Phillip B. Chilson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 269–280, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During July 2018, researchers from OU participated in the LAPSE-RATE field campaign in San Luis Valley, Colorado. The OU team completed 180 flights using three RPASs over the course of 6 d of operation to collect vertical profiles of the thermodynamic and kinematic state of the ABL. This article describes sampling strategies, data collection, platform intercomparibility, data quality, and the dataset's possible applications to convective initiation, drainage flows, and ABL transitions.
Gijs de Boer, Adam Houston, Jamey Jacob, Phillip B. Chilson, Suzanne W. Smith, Brian Argrow, Dale Lawrence, Jack Elston, David Brus, Osku Kemppinen, Petra Klein, Julie K. Lundquist, Sean Waugh, Sean C. C. Bailey, Amy Frazier, Michael P. Sama, Christopher Crick, David Schmale III, James Pinto, Elizabeth A. Pillar-Little, Victoria Natalie, and Anders Jensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3357–3366, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3357-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3357-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) field campaign, held from 14 to 20 July 2018. This field campaign spanned a 1-week deployment to Colorado's San Luis Valley, involving over 100 students, scientists, engineers, pilots, and outreach coordinators. This overview paper provides insight into the campaign for a special issue focused on the datasets collected during LAPSE-RATE.
Tyler M. Bell, Brian R. Greene, Petra M. Klein, Matthew Carney, and Phillip B. Chilson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3855–3872, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3855-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3855-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
It is well known that the atmospheric boundary layer is under-sampled in the vertical dimension. Recently, weather-sensing uncrewed aerial systems (WxUAS) have created new opportunities to sample this region of the atmosphere. This study compares a WxUAS developed at the University of Oklahoma to ground-based remote sensing and radiosondes. We find that overall the systems generally agreed well both thermodynamically and kinematically. However, there is still room to improve each system.
Nikolay V. Balashov, Kenneth J. Davis, Natasha L. Miles, Thomas Lauvaux, Scott J. Richardson, Zachary R. Barkley, and Timothy A. Bonin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4545–4559, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4545-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An accurate independent verification methodology to estimate methane (a powerful greenhouse gas) emissions is essential for the effective implementation of policies that aim to reduce the impacts of climate change. In this paper, four uncertainties that complicate the independent estimation of urban methane emissions are identified: the definition of urban domain, background heterogeneity, emissions temporal variability, and missing sources. Ways to improve emission estimates are suggested.
Tyler M. Bell, Petra Klein, Norman Wildmann, and Robert Menke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1357–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1357-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1357-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the utility of using multi-Doppler retrievals during the Perdigão 2017 campaign. By combining scans from the multitude of Doppler lidars, it was possible to derive virtual towers that greatly extend the range of traditional in situ meteorological towers. Uncertainties from the measurements are analyzed and discussed. Despite multiple sources of error, it was found that the virtual towers are useful for analyzing the complex flows observed during the campaign.
Bharat Rastogi, Max Berkelhammer, Sonia Wharton, Mary E. Whelan, Frederick C. Meinzer, David Noone, and Christopher J. Still
Biogeosciences, 15, 7127–7139, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7127-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7127-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) has gained prominence as an independent tracer for gross primary productivity, which is usually modelled by partitioning net CO2 fluxes. Here, we present a simple empirical model for estimating ecosystem-scale OCS fluxes for a temperate old-growth forest and find that OCS sink strength scales with independently estimated CO2 uptake and is sensitive to the the fraction of downwelling diffuse light. We also examine the response of OCS and CO2 fluxes to sequential heat waves.
Timothy A. Bonin, Aditya Choukulkar, W. Alan Brewer, Scott P. Sandberg, Ann M. Weickmann, Yelena L. Pichugina, Robert M. Banta, Steven P. Oncley, and Daniel E. Wolfe
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3021–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3021-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3021-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Three different techniques for measuring turbulent quantities from a single Doppler lidar are evaluated against in situ observations for verification. A six-beam method generally produced the most accurate measurements of the turbulence quantities evaluated. Generally, turbulence kinetic energy can be accurately measured across all scales from a Doppler lidar. Individual velocity variances are measured less accurately, and velocity covariances are shown to be difficult to measure.
Jennifer F. Newman and Andrew Clifton
Wind Energ. Sci., 2, 77–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-77-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-77-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Remote-sensing devices such as lidars are often used for wind energy studies. Lidars measure mean wind speeds accurately but measure different values of turbulence than an instrument on a tower. In this paper, a model is described that improves lidar turbulence estimates. The model can be applied to commercially available lidars in real time or post-processing. Results indicate that the model performs well under most atmospheric conditions but retains some errors under daytime conditions.
Aditya Choukulkar, W. Alan Brewer, Scott P. Sandberg, Ann Weickmann, Timothy A. Bonin, R. Michael Hardesty, Julie K. Lundquist, Ruben Delgado, G. Valerio Iungo, Ryan Ashton, Mithu Debnath, Laura Bianco, James M. Wilczak, Steven Oncley, and Daniel Wolfe
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 247–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-247-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-247-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper discusses trade-offs among various wind measurement strategies using scanning Doppler lidars. It is found that the trade-off exists between being able to make highly precise point measurements versus covering large spatial extents. The highest measurement precision is achieved when multiple lidar systems make wind measurements at one point in space, while highest spatial coverage is achieved through using single lidar scanning measurements and using complex retrieval techniques.
Timothy A. Bonin, Jennifer F. Newman, Petra M. Klein, Phillip B. Chilson, and Sonia Wharton
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5833–5852, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5833-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5833-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulence measurements are important to boundary layer meteorology and related fields. Doppler lidars are capable of providing continuous profiles of turbulence statistics. Herein, the most direct turbulence measurement, vertical velocity variance, is validated with those from sonic anemometers. Spectra are also compared. A method of calculating velocity variance using the autocovariance is shown to improve the accuracy of the measurement by mitigating effects of noise and averaging.
A. Sathe, J. Mann, N. Vasiljevic, and G. Lea
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 729–740, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-729-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-729-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A so-called six-beam method is proposed to measure atmospheric turbulence using a ground-based wind lidar. This method is presented as an alternative to the so-called velocity azimuth display (VAD) method that is routinely used in commercial wind lidars, and which usually results in significant averaging effects of measured turbulence.
T. A. Bonin, P. B. Chilson, B. S. Zielke, P. M. Klein, and J. R. Leeman
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 177–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-177-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-177-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Others (Wind, Precipitation, Temperature, etc.) | Technique: Remote Sensing | Topic: Validation and Intercomparisons
Description and validation of the Japanese algorithm for radiative flux and heating rate products with all four EarthCARE instruments: pre-launch test with A-Train
Improving the estimate of higher-order moments from lidar observations near the top of the convective boundary layer
Closing the gap in the tropics: the added value of radio-occultation data for wind field monitoring across the Equator
Verification of weather-radar-based hail metrics with crowdsourced observations from Switzerland
Enhanced Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) through the opportunistic use of Ku TV-sat links via a Dual-Channel Procedure
Atmospheric motion vector (AMV) error characterization and bias correction by leveraging independent lidar data: a simulation using an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) and optical flow AMVs
Rotary-wing drone-induced flow – comparison of simulations with lidar measurements
Exploring dual-lidar mean and turbulence measurements over complex terrain
Application of Doppler sodar in short-term forecasting of PM10 concentration in the air in Krakow (Poland)
Radiative closure tests of collocated hyperspectral microwave and infrared radiometers
The added value and potential of long-term radio occultation data for climatological wind field monitoring
Effects of clouds and aerosols on downwelling surface solar irradiance nowcasting and short-term forecasting
Verification of parameterizations for clear sky downwelling longwave irradiance in the Arctic
Global evaluation of fast radiative transfer model coefficients for early meteorological satellite sensors
GPROF V7 and beyond: assessment of current and potential future versions of the GPROF passive microwave precipitation retrievals against ground radar measurements over the continental US and the Pacific Ocean
Assessing sampling and retrieval errors of GPROF precipitation estimates over the Netherlands
Comparisons and quality control of wind observations in a mountainous city using wind profile radar and the Aeolus satellite
On the use of routine airborne observations for evaluation and monitoring of satellite observations of thermodynamic profiles
Daily satellite-based sunshine duration estimates over Brazil: validation and intercomparison
Statistical assessment of a Doppler radar model of TKE dissipation rate for low Richardson numbers
Extended validation of Aeolus winds with wind-profiling radars in Antarctica and Arctic Sweden
Comparison between ground-based remote sensing observations and NWP model profiles in complex topography: the Meiringen campaign
The impact of Aeolus winds on near-surface wind forecasts over tropical ocean and high-latitude regions
Long-term validation of Aeolus L2B wind products at Punta Arenas, Chile, and Leipzig, Germany
Turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate: assessment of radar models from comparisons between 1.3 GHz wind profiler radar (WPR) and DataHawk UAV measurements
The impacts of assimilating Aeolus horizontal line-of-sight winds on numerical predictions of Hurricane Ida (2021) and a mesoscale convective system over the Atlantic Ocean
Evaluation of tropospheric water vapour and temperature profiles retrieved from MetOp-A by the Infrared and Microwave Sounding scheme
Validation of the Aeolus L2B wind product with airborne wind lidar measurements in the polar North Atlantic region and in the tropics
An improved vertical correction method for the inter-comparison and inter-validation of integrated water vapour measurements
An assessment of reprocessed GPS/MET observations spanning 1995–1997
Turbulence parameters measured by the Beijing mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere radar in the troposphere and lower stratosphere with three models: comparison and analyses
Comparison of planetary boundary layer height from ceilometer with ARM radiosonde data
Behavior and mechanisms of Doppler wind lidar error in varying stability regimes
Inter-comparison of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height estimates from different profiling sensors and models in the framework of HyMeX-SOP1
Evaluation of Aeolus L2B wind product with wind profiling radar measurements and numerical weather prediction model equivalents over Australia
Comparison of global UV spectral irradiance measurements between a BTS CCD-array and a Brewer spectroradiometer
Scan strategies for wind profiling with Doppler lidar – an large-eddy simulation (LES)-based evaluation
Exploiting Aeolus level-2b winds to better characterize atmospheric motion vector bias and uncertainty
Modelling the spectral shape of continuous-wave lidar measurements in a turbulent wind tunnel
Three-way calibration checks using ground-based, ship-based, and spaceborne radars
Rainfall retrieval algorithm for commercial microwave links: stochastic calibration
Inter-comparison of wind measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer and the lower troposphere with Aeolus and a ground-based coherent Doppler lidar network over China
Towards operational multi-GNSS tropospheric products at GFZ Potsdam
Validation of Aeolus Level 2B wind products using wind profilers, ground-based Doppler wind lidars, and radiosondes in Japan
Monitoring the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) short-wave infrared (SWIR) module instrument stability using desert sites
Evaluating the use of Aeolus satellite observations in the regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) model Harmonie–Arome
Interpreting estimated observation error statistics of weather radar measurements using the ICON-LAM-KENDA system
Validation of Aeolus winds using ground-based radars in Antarctica and in northern Sweden
Intercomparison review of IPWV retrieved from INSAT-3DR sounder, GNSS and CAMS reanalysis data
Sensitivity of Aeolus HLOS winds to temperature and pressure specification in the L2B processor
Akira Yamauchi, Kentaroh Suzuki, Eiji Oikawa, Miho Sekiguchi, Takashi M. Nagao, and Haruma Ishida
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6751–6767, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6751-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6751-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A Japanese team developed the Level 2 atmospheric radiation flux and heating rate product for EarthCARE, which offers vertical profiles of longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes and heating rates. This study outlines the algorithm for the radiative product and its comparative validation against satellite and ground-based observations. It also analyzes errors in radiative fluxes at various scales and their dependence on cloud type, with ice-containing clouds identified as a primary error source.
Tessa E. Rosenberger, David D. Turner, Thijs Heus, Girish N. Raghunathan, Timothy J. Wagner, and Julia Simonson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6595–6602, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6595-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6595-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work used model output to show that considering the changes in boundary layer depth over time in the calculations of variables such as fluxes and variance yields more accurate results than cases where calculations were done at a constant height. This work was done to improve future observations of these variables at the top of the boundary layer.
Julia Danzer, Magdalena Pieler, and Gottfried Kirchengast
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4979–4995, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4979-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4979-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the potential of radio occultation (RO) data for climate-oriented wind field monitoring, focusing on the equatorial band within ±5° latitude. In this region, the geostrophic balance breaks down, and the equatorial balance approximation takes over. The study encourages the use of RO wind fields for mesoscale climate monitoring for the equatorial region, showing a small improvement in the troposphere when including the meridional wind in the zonal-mean total wind speed.
Jérôme Kopp, Alessandro Hering, Urs Germann, and Olivia Martius
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4529–4552, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4529-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4529-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a verification of two products based on weather radars to detect the presence of hail and estimate its size. Radar products are remote detection of hail, so they must be verified against ground-based observations. We use reports from users of the Swiss Weather Services phone app to do the verification. We found that the product estimating the presence of hail provides fair results but that it should be recalibrated and that estimating the hail size with radar is more challenging.
Louise Gelbart, Laurent Barthès, François Mercier-Tigrine, Aymeric Chazottes, and Cecile Mallet
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-88, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-88, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present and evaluate a new method for the quantitative estimation of precipitation from a low-cost sensor. Based on previous work measuring the attenuation of an electromagnetic signal from a broadcast television satellite, we make this approach more accurate so that to be easily deployed and used operationally in areas where rainfall measurements are critical for applications like flood monitoring. In this article, the method is validated in France and applied in Ivory Coast.
Hai Nguyen, Derek Posselt, Igor Yanovsky, Longtao Wu, and Svetla Hristova-Veleva
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3103–3119, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3103-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3103-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate global wind estimation is crucial for weather prediction and environmental modeling. Our study investigates a method to refine atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) by comparing them with high-precision active-sensor winds. Leveraging supervised learning, we discovered that using high-precision active-sensor data can significantly reduce biases in passive-sensor winds in addition to providing estimates of the wind errors, thereby improving their reliability.
Liqin Jin, Mauro Ghirardelli, Jakob Mann, Mikael Sjöholm, Stephan Thomas Kral, and Joachim Reuder
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2721–2737, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2721-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Three-dimensional wind fields can be accurately measured by sonic anemometers. However, the traditional mast-mounted sonic anemometers are not flexible in various applications, which can be potentially overcome by drones. Therefore, we conducted a proof-of-concept study by applying three continuous-wave Doppler lidars to characterize the complex flow around a drone to validate the results obtained by CFD simulations. Both methods show good agreement, with a velocity difference of 0.1 m s-1.
Isadora Coimbra, Jakob Mann, and José Palma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-936, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-936, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dual-lidar measurements are explored here as a cost-effective alternative for measuring the wind at great heights. From measurements at a mountainous site, we showed that this methodology can accurately capture mean wind speeds and turbulence under different flow conditions, and we recommended optimal lidar placement and sampling rates. This methodology allows the construction of vertical wind profiles up to 430 m, surpassing traditional meteorological mast heights and single lidar capabilities.
Ewa Agnieszka Krajny, Leszek Ośródka, and Marek Jan Wojtylak
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2451–2464, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2451-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2451-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The use of sodar data to support an air quality forecasting system is encouraging.
The sodar model is a complement to forecasting methods because it is useful due to its simplicity and speed of calculations. It does not require emission data, for which it is difficult to quickly verify temporal and spatial variability.
The use of simple formulas of regression models in forecasting, while maintaining their multivariate nature, facilitates the optimisation of the prediction process.
Lei Liu, Natalia Bliankinshtein, Yi Huang, John R. Gyakum, Philip M. Gabriel, Shiqi Xu, and Mengistu Wolde
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2219–2233, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a radiance closure experiment using a unique combination of two hyperspectral radiometers, one operating in the microwave and the other in the infrared. By comparing the measurements of the two hyperspectrometers to synthetic radiance simulated from collocated atmospheric profiles, we affirmed the proper performance of the two instruments and quantified their radiometric uncertainty for atmospheric sounding applications.
Irena Nimac, Julia Danzer, and Gottfried Kirchengast
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-59, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-59, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Due to shortcomings of available observations, having accurate global 3D wind fields remains a challenge. Promising option is the use of radio occultation (RO) satellite data, which enable to derive winds based on the wind approximations. We test how well RO winds describe the ERA5 reanalysis winds. We separate the total wind difference into the approximation bias and the systematic difference between the two datasets. The results show the utility of RO winds for climate monitoring and analyses.
Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ilias Fountoulakis, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Basil E. Psiloglou, Nikolaos Papadimitriou, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Andreas Kazantzidis, Charalampos Kontoes, Maria Hatzaki, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1851–1877, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The upgraded systems SENSE2 and NextSENSE2 focus on improving the quality of solar nowcasting and forecasting. SENSE2 provides real-time estimates of solar irradiance across a wide region every 15 min. NextSENSE2 offers short-term forecasts of irradiance up to 3 h ahead. Evaluation with actual data showed that the instantaneous comparison yields the most discrepancies due to the uncertainties of cloud-related information and satellite versus ground-based spatial representativeness limitations.
Giandomenico Pace, Alcide di Sarra, Filippo Cali Quaglia, Virginia Ciardini, Tatiana Di Iorio, Antonio Iaccarino, Daniela Meloni, Giovanni Muscari, and Claudio Scarchilli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1617–1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the performances of 17 formulas to determine the clear sky longwave downward irradiance in the Arctic environment. The formulas need to be tuned to the environmental conditions of the studied region and, to date, few of them have been developed and/or tested in the Arctic. The best formulas provide biases and root mean squared errors respectively smaller than 1 and 5 W m-2. We intend to use these results to estimate the longwave cloud radiative perturbation.
Bruna Barbosa Silveira, Emma Catherine Turner, and Jérôme Vidot
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1279–1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1279-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1279-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A fast radiative transfer model, used to speed up the full spectral simulation of meteorological satellite channels in weather forecast models, is tested using 25 000 modelled atmospheres. The differences between calculations from the fast and the high-resolution reference models are examined for nine historic weather satellite instruments. The study confirms that a reduced set of 83 atmospheric profiles is robust enough to estimate the scale of the differences obtained from the larger sample.
Simon Pfreundschuh, Clément Guilloteau, Paula J. Brown, Christian D. Kummerow, and Patrick Eriksson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 515–538, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The latest version of the GPROF retrieval algorithm that produces global precipitation estimates using observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission is validated against ground-based radars. The validation shows that the algorithm accurately estimates precipitation on scales ranging from continental to regional. In addition, we validate candidates for the next version of the algorithm and identify principal challenges for further improving space-borne rain measurements.
Linda Bogerd, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 247–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Algorithms merge satellite radiometer data from various frequency channels, each tied to a different footprint size. We studied the uncertainty associated with sampling (over the Netherlands using 4 years of data) as precipitation is highly variable in space and time by simulating ground-based data as satellite footprints. Though sampling affects precipitation estimates, it doesn’t explain all discrepancies. Overall, uncertainties in the algorithm seem more influential than how data is sampled.
Hua Lu, Min Xie, Wei Zhao, Bojun Liu, Tijian Wang, and Bingliang Zhuang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 167–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-167-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of vertical wind in regions with complex terrain are essential, but they are always sparse and have poor representation. Data verification and quality control are conducted on the wind profile radar and Aeolus wind products in this study, trying to compensate for the limitations of wind field observations. The results shed light on the comprehensive applications of multi-source wind profile data in complicated terrain regions with sparse ground-based wind observations.
Timothy J. Wagner, Thomas August, Tim Hultberg, and Ralph A. Petersen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial passenger and freight aircraft need to know the temperature and pressure of the environments they fly through in order to safely operate. In this paper, we investigate how these observations can be used to evaluate and monitor the performance of satellite observations. Normally weather balloons are used for this, but in places like the United States there are many more airplane flights than weather balloon launches. This makes it much easier to compare them to satellites.
Maria Lívia L. M. Gava, Simone M. S. Costa, and Anthony C. S. Porfírio
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5429–5441, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5429-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5429-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the effectiveness of two geostationary satellite-based sunshine duration datasets over Brazil. Statistical parameters were used to evaluate the performance of the products. The results showed generally good agreement between satellite and ground observations, with some regional discrepancies. Overall, both satellite products offer reliable data for various applications, which benefit from their high spatial resolution and low time latency.
Hubert Luce, Lakshmi Kantha, and Hiroyuki Hashiguchi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5091–5101, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5091-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The potential ability of clear air radars to measure turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate ε in the atmosphere is a major asset of these instruments because of their continuous measurements. In the present work, we successfully tested the relevance of a model relating ε to the width of the Doppler spectrum peak and wind shear for shear-generated turbulence and we provide a physical interpretation of an empirical model in this context.
Sheila Kirkwood, Evgenia Belova, Peter Voelger, Sourav Chatterjee, and Karathazhiyath Satheesan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4215–4227, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4215-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4215-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We compared 2 years of wind measurements by the Aeolus satellite with winds from two wind-profiler radars in Arctic Sweden and coastal Antarctica. Biases are similar in magnitude to results from other locations. They are smaller than in earlier studies due to more comparison points and improved criteria for data rejection. On the other hand, the standard deviation is somewhat higher because of degradation of the Aeolus lidar.
Alexandre Bugnard, Martine Collaud Coen, Maxime Hervo, Daniel Leuenberger, Marco Arpagaus, and Samuel Monhart
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1961, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Temperature (T) and wind profiles were measured by a Doppler Wind Lidar and a Microwave Radiometer at Meiringen, a medium size Alpine valley. Ground-based T inversions and thermal winds were studied during the ten months of the campaign. The comparison between the observations and the COSMO-1 model provides good model performances for monthly climatologies. T inversion are however frequently missed and important differences for particular cases are found, especially in case of foehn events.
Haichen Zuo and Charlotte Bay Hasager
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3901–3913, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3901-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3901-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aeolus is a satellite equipped with a Doppler wind lidar to detect global wind profiles. This study evaluates the impact of Aeolus winds on surface wind forecasts over tropical oceans and high-latitude regions based on the ECMWF observing system experiments. We find that Aeolus can slightly improve surface wind forecasts for the region > 60° N, especially from day 5 onwards. For other study regions, the impact of Aeolus is nearly neutral or limited, which requires further investigation.
Holger Baars, Joshua Walchester, Elizaveta Basharova, Henriette Gebauer, Martin Radenz, Johannes Bühl, Boris Barja, Ulla Wandinger, and Patric Seifert
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3809–3834, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In 2018, the Aeolus satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) was launched to improve weather forecasts through global measurements of wind profiles. Given the novel lidar technique onboard, extensive validation efforts have been needed to verify the observations. For this reason, we performed long-term validation measurements in Germany and Chile. We found significant improvement in the data products due to a new algorithm version and can confirm the general validity of Aeolus observations.
Hubert Luce, Lakshmi Kantha, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Dale Lawrence, Abhiram Doddi, Tyler Mixa, and Masanori Yabuki
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3561–3580, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Doppler radars can be used to estimate turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rates in the atmosphere. The performance of various models is evaluated from comparisons between UHF wind profiler and in situ measurements with UAVs. For the first time, we assess a model supposed to be valid for weak stratification or strong shear conditions. This model provides better agreements with in situ measurements than the classical model based on the hypothesis of a stable stratification.
Chengfeng Feng and Zhaoxia Pu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2691–2708, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2691-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2691-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates the positive impacts of assimilating Aeolus Mie-cloudy and Rayleigh-clear near-real-time horizontal line-of-sight winds on the analysis and forecasts of Hurricane Ida (2021) and a mesoscale convective system associated with an African easterly wave using the mesoscale community Weather Research and Forecasting model and the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation-based three-dimensional ensemble-variational hybrid data assimilation system.
Tim Trent, Richard Siddans, Brian Kerridge, Marc Schröder, Noëlle A. Scott, and John Remedios
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1503–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1503-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1503-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modern weather satellites provide essential information on our lower atmosphere's moisture content and temperature structure. This measurement record will span over 40 years, making it a valuable resource for climate studies. This study characterizes atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles from a European Space Agency climate project. Using weather balloon measurements, we demonstrated the performance of this dataset was within the tolerances required for future climate studies.
Benjamin Witschas, Christian Lemmerz, Alexander Geiß, Oliver Lux, Uwe Marksteiner, Stephan Rahm, Oliver Reitebuch, Andreas Schäfler, and Fabian Weiler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7049–7070, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7049-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7049-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In August 2018, the first wind lidar Aeolus was launched into space and has since then been providing data of the global wind field. The primary goal of Aeolus was the improvement of numerical weather prediction. To verify the quality of Aeolus wind data, DLR performed four airborne validation campaigns with two wind lidar systems. In this paper, we report on results from the two later campaigns, performed in Iceland and the tropics.
Olivier Bock, Pierre Bosser, and Carl Mears
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5643–5665, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5643-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5643-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Integrated water vapour measurements are often compared for the calibration and validation of instruments or techniques. Measurements made at different altitudes must be corrected to account for the vertical variation of water vapour. This paper shows that the widely used empirical correction model has severe limitations that are overcome using the proposed model. The method is applied to the inter-comparison of GPS and satellite microwave radiometer data in a tropical mountainous area.
Anthony J. Mannucci, Chi O. Ao, Byron A. Iijima, Thomas K. Meehan, Panagiotis Vergados, E. Robert Kursinski, and William S. Schreiner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4971–4987, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4971-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4971-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) technique is a satellite-based method for producing highly accurate vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and pressure. RO profiles are used to monitor global climate trends, particularly in that region of the atmosphere that includes the lower stratosphere. Two data sets spanning 1995–1997 that were produced from the first RO satellite are highly accurate and can be used to assess global atmospheric models.
Ze Chen, Yufang Tian, Yinan Wang, Yongheng Bi, Xue Wu, Juan Huo, Linjun Pan, Yong Wang, and Daren Lü
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4785–4800, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4785-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4785-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Small-scale turbulence plays a vital role in the vertical exchange of heat, momentum and mass in the atmosphere. There are currently three models that can use spectrum width data of MST radar to calculate turbulence parameters. However, few studies have explored the applicability of the three calculation models. We compared and analysed the turbulence parameters calculated by three models. These results can provide a reference for the selection of models for calculating turbulence parameters.
Damao Zhang, Jennifer Comstock, and Victor Morris
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4735–4749, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4735-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4735-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The planetary boundary layer is the lowest part of the atmosphere. Its structure and depth (PBLHT) significantly impact air quality, global climate, land–atmosphere interactions, and a wide range of atmospheric processes. To test the robustness of the ceilometer-estimated PBLHT under different atmospheric conditions, we compared ceilometer- and radiosonde-estimated PBLHTs using multiple years of U.S. DOE ARM measurements at various ARM observatories located around the world.
Rachel Robey and Julie K. Lundquist
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4585–4622, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4585-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4585-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our work investigates the behavior of errors in remote-sensing wind lidar measurements due to turbulence. Using a virtual instrument, we measured winds in simulated atmospheric flows and decomposed the resulting error. Dominant error mechanisms, particularly vertical velocity variations and interactions with shear, were identified in ensemble data over three test cases. By analyzing the underlying mechanisms, the response of the error behavior to further varying flow conditions may be projected.
Donato Summa, Fabio Madonna, Noemi Franco, Benedetto De Rosa, and Paolo Di Girolamo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4153–4170, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) has an important impact on meteorology. However, the complexity of the phenomena occurring within the ABL and the influence of advection and local accumulation processes often prevent an unambiguous determination of the ABLH. The paper reports results from an inter-comparison effort involving different sensors and techniques to measure the ABLH. Correlations between the ABLH and other atmospheric variables are also assessed.
Haichen Zuo, Charlotte Bay Hasager, Ioanna Karagali, Ad Stoffelen, Gert-Jan Marseille, and Jos de Kloe
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4107–4124, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Aeolus satellite was launched in 2018 for global wind profile measurement. After successful operation, the error characteristics of Aeolus wind products have not yet been studied over Australia. To complement earlier validation studies, we evaluated the Aeolus Level-2B11 wind product over Australia with ground-based wind profiling radar measurements and numerical weather prediction model equivalents. The results show that the Aeolus can detect winds with sufficient accuracy over Australia.
Carmen González, José M. Vilaplana, José A. Bogeat, and Antonio Serrano
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4125–4133, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring ultraviolet (UV) radiation is important since it can have harmful effects on the biosphere. Array spectroradiometers are increasingly used to measure UV as they are more versatile than scanning spectroradiometers. In this study, the long-term performance of the BTS-2048-UV-S-WP array spectroradiometer was assessed. The results show that the BTS can reliably measure both the UV index and UV radiation in the 300–360 nm range. Moreover, the BTS was stable and showed no seasonal behavior.
Charlotte Rahlves, Frank Beyrich, and Siegfried Raasch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2839–2856, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2839-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2839-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Lidars can measure the wind profile in the lower part of the atmosphere, provided that the wind field is horizontally uniform and does not change during the time of the measurement. These requirements are mostly not fulfilled in reality, and the lidar wind measurement will thus hold a certain error. We investigate different strategies for lidar wind profiling using a lidar simulator implemented in a numerical simulation of the wind field. Our findings can help to improve wind measurements.
Katherine E. Lukens, Kayo Ide, Kevin Garrett, Hui Liu, David Santek, Brett Hoover, and Ross N. Hoffman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2719–2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2719-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2719-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Winds that are crucial to weather forecasting derived from two different techniques – tracking satellite images (AMVs) and direct measurement of molecular and aerosol motions by Doppler lidar (Aeolus satellite winds) – are compared. We find that AMVs and Aeolus winds are highly correlated. Aeolus Mie-cloudy winds have great potential value as a comparison standard for AMVs. Larger differences are found in the Southern Hemisphere related to higher wind speed and higher vertical variation in wind.
Marijn Floris van Dooren, Anantha Padmanabhan Kidambi Sekar, Lars Neuhaus, Torben Mikkelsen, Michael Hölling, and Martin Kühn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1355–1372, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The remote sensing technique lidar is widely used for wind speed measurements for both industrial and academic applications. Lidars can measure wind statistics accurately but cannot fully capture turbulent fluctuations in the high-frequency range, since they are partly filtered out. This paper therefore investigates the turbulence spectrum measured by a continuous-wave lidar and analytically models the lidar's measured spectrum with a Lorentzian filter function and a white noise term.
Alain Protat, Valentin Louf, Joshua Soderholm, Jordan Brook, and William Ponsonby
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 915–926, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-915-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-915-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses collocated ship-based, ground-based, and spaceborne radar observations to validate the concept of using the GPM spaceborne radar observations to calibrate national weather radar networks to the accuracy required for operational severe weather applications such as rainfall and hail nowcasting.
Wagner Wolff, Aart Overeem, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 485–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-485-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-485-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The existing infrastructure for cellular communication is promising for ground-based rainfall remote sensing. Rain-induced signal attenuation is used in dedicated algorithms for retrieving rainfall depth along commercial microwave links (CMLs) between cell phone towers. This processing is a source of many uncertainties about input data, algorithm structures, parameters, CML network, and local climate. Application of a stochastic optimization method leads to improved CML rainfall estimates.
Songhua Wu, Kangwen Sun, Guangyao Dai, Xiaoye Wang, Xiaoying Liu, Bingyi Liu, Xiaoquan Song, Oliver Reitebuch, Rongzhong Li, Jiaping Yin, and Xitao Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 131–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the VAL-OUC campaign, we established a coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) network over China to verify the Level 2B (L2B) products from Aeolus. By the simultaneous wind measurements with CDLs at 17 stations, the L2B products from Aeolus are compared with those from CDLs. To our knowledge, the VAL-OUC campaign is the most extensive so far between CDLs and Aeolus in the lower troposphere for different atmospheric scenes. The vertical velocity impact on the HLOS retrieval from Aeolus is evaluated.
Karina Wilgan, Galina Dick, Florian Zus, and Jens Wickert
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 21–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-21-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-21-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The assimilation of GNSS data in weather models has a positive impact on the forecasts. The impact is still limited due to using only the GPS zenith direction parameters. We calculate and validate more advanced tropospheric products from three satellite systems: the US American GPS, Russian GLONASS and European Galileo. The quality of all the solutions is comparable; however, combining more GNSS systems enhances the observations' geometry and improves the quality of the weather forecasts.
Hironori Iwai, Makoto Aoki, Mitsuru Oshiro, and Shoken Ishii
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7255–7275, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The first space-based Doppler wind lidar on board the Aeolus satellite was launched on 22 August 2018 to obtain global horizontal wind profiles. In this study, wind profilers, ground-based coherent Doppler wind lidars, and GPS radiosondes were used to validate the quality of Aeolus Level 2B wind products over Japan during three different periods. The results show that Aeolus can measure the horizontal winds over Japan accurately.
Tim A. van Kempen, Filippo Oggionni, and Richard M. van Hees
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6711–6722, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6711-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6711-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Validation of the instrument stability of the TROPOMI-SWIR module is done by monitoring a group of very stable and remote locations in the Saharan and Arabian deserts. These results confirm the excellent stability and lack of degradation of the TROPOMI-SWIR module derived from the internal calibration sources. The method was done for the first time on a spectrometer in the short-wave infrared and ensures TROPOMI-SWIR can be used for atmospheric research for years to come.
Susanna Hagelin, Roohollah Azad, Magnus Lindskog, Harald Schyberg, and Heiner Körnich
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5925–5938, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5925-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5925-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we study the impact of using wind observations from the Aeolus satellite, which provides wind speed profiles globally, in our numerical weather prediction system using a regional model covering the Nordic countries. The wind speed profiles from Aeolus are assimilated by the model, and we see that they have an impact on both the model analysis and forecast, though given the relatively few observations available the impact is often small.
Yuefei Zeng, Tijana Janjic, Yuxuan Feng, Ulrich Blahak, Alberto de Lozar, Elisabeth Bauernschubert, Klaus Stephan, and Jinzhong Min
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5735–5756, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5735-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observation errors (OEs) of radar measurements are correlated. The Desroziers method has been often used to estimate statistics of OE in data assimilation. However, the resulting statistics consist of contributions from different sources and are difficult to interpret. Here, we use an approach based on samples for truncation error to approximate the representation error due to unresolved scales and processes (RE) and compare its statistics with OE statistics estimated by the Desroziers method.
Evgenia Belova, Sheila Kirkwood, Peter Voelger, Sourav Chatterjee, Karathazhiyath Satheesan, Susanna Hagelin, Magnus Lindskog, and Heiner Körnich
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5415–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5415-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5415-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Wind measurements from two radars (ESRAD in Arctic Sweden and MARA at the Indian Antarctic station Maitri) are compared with lidar winds from the ESA satellite Aeolus, for July–December 2019. The aim is to check if Aeolus data processing is adequate for the sunlit conditions of polar summer. Agreement is generally good with bias in Aeolus winds < 1 m/s in most circumstances. The exception is a large bias (7 m/s) when the satellite has crossed a sunlit Antarctic ice cap before passing MARA.
Ramashray Yadav, Ram Kumar Giri, and Virendra Singh
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4857–4877, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4857-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4857-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed an intercomparison of seasonal and annual studies of retrievals of integrated precipitable water vapor (IPWV) carried out by INSAT-3DR satellite-borne infrared radiometer sounding and CAMS reanalysis data with ground-based Indian GNSS data. The magnitude and sign of the bias of INSAT-3DR and CAMS with respect to GNSS IPWV differs from station to station and season to season. A statistical evaluation of the collocated data sets was done to improve day-to-day weather forecasting.
Matic Šavli, Vivien Pourret, Christophe Payan, and Jean-François Mahfouf
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4721–4736, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4721-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4721-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The ESA's Aeolus satellite wind retrieval is provided through a series of processors. It depends on the temperature and pressure specification, which, however, are not measured by the satellite. The numerical weather predicted values are used instead, but these are erroneous. This article studies the sensitivity of the wind retrieval by introducing errors in temperature and pressure. This has been found to be small for Aeolus but is expected to be more crucial for future missions.
Cited articles
Arya, S. P.: Introduction to Micrometeorology, vol. 79 of International Geophysics Series, 2nd edn., Academic Press, Cornwall, UK, 2001.
Barthelmie, R. J., Crippa, P., Wang, H., Smith, C. M., Krishnamurthy, R., Choukulkar, A., Calhoun, R., Valyou, D., Marzocca, P., Matthiesen, D., Brown, G., and Pryor, S. C.: 3-D wind and turbulence characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 743–756, 2013.
Bingöl, F., Mann, J., and Foussekis, D.: Conically scanning lidar error in complex terrain, Meteorol. Z., 18, 189–195, 2009.
Bodine, D., Klein, P. M., Arms, S. C., and Shapiro, A.: Variability of surface air temperature over gently sloped terrain, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 48, 1117–1141, 2009.
Bright, D. R. and Mullen, S. L.: The sensitivity of the numerical simulation of the Southwest monsoon boundary layer to the choice of PBL turbulence parameterization in MM5, Weather Forecast., 17, 99–114, 2002.
Browning, K. A. and Wexler, R.: The determination of kinematic properties of a wind field using Doppler radar, J. Appl. Meteorol., 7, 105–113, 1968.
Burton, T., Sharpe, D., Jenkins, N., and Bossanyi, E.: Wind Energy Handbook, Wiley, West Sussex, UK, 2001.
Chang, W. S.: Principles of Lasers and Optics, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2005.
Clark, T. L., Hall, W. D., Kerr, R. M., Middleton, D., Radke, L., Ralph, F. M., Neiman, P. J., and Levinson, D.: Origins of aircraft-damaging clear-air turbulence during the 9 December 1992 Colorado downslope windstorm: numerical simulations and comparison with observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1105–1131, 2000.
Clifton, A. and Wagner, R.: Accounting for the effect of turbulence on wind turbine power curves, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 524, 012109, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/524/1/012109, 2014.
Collier, C. G., Davies, F., Bozier, K. E., Holt, A. R., Middleton, D. R., Pearson, G. N., Siemen, S., Willetts, D. V., Upton, G. J. G., and Young, R. I.: Dual-Doppler lidar measurements for improving dispersion models, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 825–838, 2005.
Courtney, M., Wagner, R., and Lindelöw, P.: Commercial lidar profilers for wind energy: A comparative guide, in: European Wind Energy Conference, 1 April 2008, Brussels, Belgium, 2008.
Defant, F.: Local Winds, in: Compendium of Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, USA, 655–672, 1951.
Foken, T.: Micrometeorology, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2008.
Hahn, C.: A study of the diurnal behavior of boundary-layer winds at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 21, 231–245, 1981.
Højstrup, J.: A statistical data screening procedure, Meas. Sci. Technol., 4, 153–157, 1993.
Huffaker, R. M. and Hardesty, R. M.: Remote sensing of atmospheric wind velocities using solid-state and CO2 coherent laser systems, P. IEEE, 84, 181–204, 1996.
Kaimal, J. and Finnigan, J.: Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: Their Structure and Measurement, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA, 1994.
Kelley, N. D., Jonkman, B. J., and Scott, G. N.: The Great Plains turbulence environment: Its origins, impact and simulation., Tech. Rep., NREL/CP-500-40176., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, 2006.
Klein, P., Bonin, T. A., Newman, J. F., Turner, D. D., Chilson, P. B., Wainwright, C. E., Blumberg, W. G., Mishra, S., Carney, M., Jacobsen, E. P., Wharton, S., and Newsom, R. K.: LABLE: A multi-institutional, student-led, atmospheric boundary-layer experiment, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1743–1764, 2015.
Koscielny, A. J., Doviak, R. J., and Zrnic, D. S.: An evaluation of the accuracy of some radar wind profiling techniques, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 1, 309–320, 1984.
Krishnamurthy, R., Boquet, M., and Machta, M.: Turbulence intensity measurements from a variety of Doppler lidar instruments, in: Proc. European Wind Energy Association Annual Meeting, 12 March 2014, Barcelona, Spain, PO.080, 2014.
Lhermitte, R. M. and Atlas, D.: Precipitation motion by pulse Doppler radar, in: Proc. Ninth Weather Radar Conference, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston, USA, 218–223, 1961.
Lundquist, J. K., Churchfield, M. J., Lee, S., and Clifton, A.: Quantifying error of lidar and sodar Doppler beam swinging measurements of wind turbine wakes using computational fluid dynamics, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 907–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-907-2015, 2015.
Machta, M. and Boquet, M.: State of the art of measuring wind turbulence with pulsed lidars, in: European Wind Energy Association Annual Meeting, 5 February 2013, Vienna, Austria, 324PO, 2013.
Mahrt, L., Vickers, D., Howell, J., Højstrup, J., Wilczak, J. M., Edson, J., and Hare, J.: Sea surface drag coefficients in the Risø Air Sea Experiment, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 101, 14327–14335, 1996.
Mather, J. H. and Voyles, J. W.: The ARM Climate Research Facility: a review of structure and capabilities, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 377–392, 2013.
Newman, J. F., Bonin, T. A., Klein, P. M., Wharton, S., and Newsom, R. K.: Testing and validation of multi-lidar scanning strategies for wind energy applications, Wind Energy, accepted, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1978, 2016.
Pearson, G., Davies, F., and Collier, C.: An analysis of the performance of the UFAM pulsed Doppler lidar for observing the boundary layer, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 240–250, 2009.
Peña, A., Hasager, C. B., Gryning, S.-E., Courtney, M., Antoniou, I., and Mikkelsen, T.: Offshore wind profiling using light detection and ranging measurements, Wind Energy, 12, 105–124, 2009.
Peña, A., Hasager, C. B., Badger, M., Barthelmie, R. J., Bingöl, F., Cariou, J.-P., Emeis, S., Frandsen, S. T., Harris, M., Karagali, I., Larsen, S. E., Mann, J., Mikkelsen, T. K., Pitter, M., Pryor, S., Sathe, A., Schlipf, D., Slinger, C., and Wagner, R.: Remote Sensing for Wind Energy, Tech. Rep., DTU Wind Energy-E-Report-0084, Denmark Technical University, available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/111814239/DTU_Wind_Energy_Report_E_0084.pdf, last access: 17 November 2015.
Pichugina, Y. L., Tucker, S. C., Banta, R. M., Brewer, W. A., Kelley, N. D., Jonkman, B. J., and Newsom, R. K.: Horizontal-velocity and variance measurements in the stable boundary layer using Doppler lidar: Sensitivity to averaging procedures, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 25, 1307–1327, 2008.
Sathe, A.: Influence of wind conditions on wind turbine loads and measurement of turbulence using lidars, PhD thesis, Delft University Wind Energy Research Institute, Delft, the Netherlands, 2012.
Sathe, A. and Mann, J.: Measurement of turbulence spectra using scanning pulsed wind lidars, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D01201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016786, 2012.
Sathe, A. and Mann, J.: A review of turbulence measurements using ground-based wind lidars, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3147–3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3147-2013, 2013.
Sathe, A., Mann, J., Gottschall, J., and Courtney, M. S.: Can wind lidars measure turbulence?, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 28, 853–868, 2011.
Sathe, A., Mann, J., Vasiljevic, N., and Lea, G.: A six-beam method to measure turbulence statistics using ground-based wind lidars, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 729–740, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-729-2015, 2015.
Sjöholm, M., Mikkelsen, T., Mann, J., Enevoldsen, K., and Courtney, M.: Time series analysis of continuous-wave coherent Doppler lidar wind measurements, IOP. C. Ser. Earth. Env., 1, 012051, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/1/1/012051, 2008.
Slinger, C. and Harris, M.: Introduction to continuous-wave Doppler lidar, in: Summer School in Remote Sensing for Wind Energy, Boulder, USA, 11 June, 2012.
Strauch, R. G., Merritt, D. A., Moran, K. P., Earnshaw, K. B., and De Kamp, D. V.: The Colorado wind-profiling network, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 1, 37–49, 1984.
Stull, R. B.: Meteorology for Scientists and Engineers, 2nd edn., Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 2000.
Vickers, D. and Mahrt, L.: Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 14, 512–526, 1997.
Wainwright, C. E., Stepanian, P. M., Chilson, P. B., Palmer, R. D., Fedorovich, E., and Gibbs, J. A.: A time series sodar simulator based on large-eddy simulation, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 31, 876–889, 2014.
Weitkamp, C.: Lidar: Range-Resolved Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 102, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2005.
Westerhellweg, A., Cañadillas, B., Beeken, A., and Neumann, T.: One year of LiDAR measurements at FINO1-Platform: Comparison and verification to met-mast data, in: Proc. of the 10th German Wind Energy Conference DEWEK, 17–18 November, Bremen, Germany, 2010.
Wharton, S. and Lundquist, J. K.: Atmospheric stability affects wind turbine power collection, Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 014005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014005, 2012.
Short summary
Remote sensing devices known as lidars are often used to take measurements at potential wind farm sites. These instruments are however not optimized for measuring turbulence, small-scale changes in wind speed. In this manuscript, the impact of lidar configurations and atmospheric conditions on turbulence accuracy is explored. A new method was developed to correct lidar turbulence measurements and is described in detail such that other lidar users can apply it to their own instruments.
Remote sensing devices known as lidars are often used to take measurements at potential wind...
