Articles | Volume 14, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7187-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7187-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A simulation chamber for absorption spectroscopy in planetary atmospheres
National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
Stefania Stefani
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS)–Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica (INAF), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
Angelo Boccaccini
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS)–Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica (INAF), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
David Biondi
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS)–Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica (INAF), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
Giuseppe Piccioni
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS)–Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica (INAF), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
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During the double Lunar-Earth Gravitational Assist with the ESA/JUICE spacecraft in August 2024, we acquired hyperspectral data cubes of both the Moon and Earth with the MAJIS imaging spectrometer under challenging, real in-flight conditions. This allowed to characterize surface materials and thermophysical properties on the Moon, identify various cloud phases and gases in Earth's atmosphere, and thoroughly validate the performance of the instrument.
Francesco Cairo, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Guido Di Donfrancesco, Luca Di Liberto, Sergey Khaykin, Lorenza Lucaferri, Valentin Mitev, Max Port, Christian Rolf, Marcel Snels, Nicole Spelten, Ralf Weigel, and Stephan Borrmann
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Cirrus clouds have been observed over the Himalayan region between 10 km and the tropopause at 17–18 km. Data from backscattersonde, hygrometers, and particle cloud spectrometers have been compared to assess their consistency. Empirical relationships between optical parameters accessible with remote sensing lidars and cloud microphysical parameters (such as ice water content, particle number and surface area density, and particle aspherical fraction) have been established.
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Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 419–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-419-2023, 2023
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The T-matrix theory was used to compute the backscatter and depolarization of mixed-phase PSC, assuming that particles are solid (NAT or possibly ice) above a threshold radius R and liquid (STS) below, and a single shape is common to all solid particles. We used a dataset of coincident lidar and balloon-borne backscattersonde and OPC measurements. The agreement between modelled and measured backscatter is reasonable and allows us to constrain the parameters R and AR.
Francesco Cairo, Terry Deshler, Luca Di Liberto, Andrea Scoccione, and Marcel Snels
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-28, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-28, 2022
Publication in AMT not foreseen
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We study Mie theory on aspherical scatterers, computing on coincident measurements of PSC by lidar and Particle Counters, the backscatter and depolarization of mixed phase PSC. WParticles are assumed solid if larger than R; for these, Mie results are reduced by C < 1 and only a common fraction X < 1 of the backscattering is polarized. We retrieve R, C and X. The match of model and measurement is good for backscattering, poor for depolarization. The hypothesis on X may be not fulfilled.
Francesco Cairo, Mauro De Muro, Marcel Snels, Luca Di Liberto, Silvia Bucci, Bernard Legras, Ajil Kottayil, Andrea Scoccione, and Stefano Ghisu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7947–7961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7947-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7947-2021, 2021
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A lidar was used in Palau from February–March 2016. Clouds were observed peaking at 3 km below the high cold-point tropopause (CPT). Their occurrence was linked with cold anomalies, while in warm cases, cirrus clouds were restricted to 5 km below the CPT. Thin subvisible cirrus (SVC) near the CPT had distinctive characteristics. They were linked to wave-induced cold anomalies. Back trajectories are mostly compatible with convective outflow, while some distinctive SVC may originate in situ.
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Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2165–2178, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2165-2021, 2021
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A total of 5 years of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) observations by ground-based lidar at Concordia station (Antarctica) are presented. These data have been recorded in coincidence with the overpasses of the CALIOP lidar on the CALIPSO satellite. First we demonstrate that both lidars observe essentially the same thing, in terms of detection and composition of the PSCs. Then we use both datasets to study seasonal and interannual variations in the formation temperature of NAT mixtures.
Emiliano D'Aversa, Fabrizio Oliva, Giuseppe Piccioni, François Poulet, Ivana Kolmašová, Alessandra Migliorini, Gianrico Filacchione, Leigh Fletcher, Alessandro Mura, Yves Langevin, Benoît Seignovert, Davide Grassi, Sébastien Rodriguez, Federico Tosi, Nicolas Ligier, Giuseppe Sindoni, Marco Giardino, and Christina Plainaki
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A terrestrial lightning event has been spectroscopically observed from the JUICE spacecraft during a flyby, maybe for the first time from space. Though not detected by ground sensors, JUICE confirmed neutral atomic oxygen and nitrogen emissions, with energies and temperatures consistent with average lightning. This observation is a benchmark for Jupiter, a primary JUICE target, where simultaneous hydrogen emissions in different wavelength ranges could be used to identify lightning.
François Poulet, Giuseppe Piccioni, Yves Langevin, Cydalise Dumesnil, Vincent Carlier, Benoit Seignovert, Marc Dexet, Leigh N. Fletcher, Cédric Leyrat, Francesca Altieri, John Carter, Emiliano D’Aversa, Maria De Sanctis, Davide Grassi, Sandrine Guerlet, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Alessandra Migliorini, Fabrizio Oliva, Clément Royer, Sébastien Rodriguez, Katrin Stephan, Federico Tosi, Francesca Zambon, Alberto Adriani, Gabriele Arnold, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Dominique Bockelée, Rosario Brunetto, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Cristian Carli, Thibault Cavalié, Miriam Cisneros González, Mauro Ciarnello, Simone De Angelis, Pierre Drossart, Gianrico Filacchione, Thierry Fouchet, Jean-Claude Gérard, Denis Grodent, Patrick Irwin, Sophie Jacquinod, Ozgur Karatekin, Emmanuel Lellouch, Nicolas Ligier, Nicolas Mangold, Magali Mebsout, Frédéric Merlin, Alessandro Morbidelli, Alessandro Mura, Andreas Nathues, Maria E. Palumbo, Cédric Pilorget, Olivier Poch, Eric Quirico, Andrea Raponi, Séverine Robert, Elias Roussos, Agustin Sanchez-Lavega, Bernard Schmitt, Giuseppe Sindoni, Marcel Snels, Roberto Sordini, Stefania Stefani, Giovanni Strazzulla, Tim Trent, Gabriel Tobie, Diego Turrini, Ann-Carine Vandaele, Mathieu Vincendon, Olivier Witasse, Claire Vallat, and Alessandro Moraino
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This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
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During the double Lunar-Earth Gravitational Assist with the ESA/JUICE spacecraft in August 2024, we acquired hyperspectral data cubes of both the Moon and Earth with the MAJIS imaging spectrometer under challenging, real in-flight conditions. This allowed to characterize surface materials and thermophysical properties on the Moon, identify various cloud phases and gases in Earth's atmosphere, and thoroughly validate the performance of the instrument.
Federico Tosi, Clément Royer, Federico Colaiuta, François Poulet, Tyler M. Powell, Benjamin T. Greenhagen, Yves Langevin, Alessandro Mura, Giuseppe Piccioni, Cédric Pilorget, Cristian Carli, and Francesca Zambon
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This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
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We used infrared data from the MAJIS instrument on the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer during its 2024 lunar flyby to map the Moon’s temperature and infrared emission at the time of the overpass. By comparing three analysis methods, we confirmed known contrasts between maria and highlands and showed how surface texture shapes their infrared signal. These results help prepare MAJIS for studying the diverse and unexplored moons that orbit Jupiter.
Francesco Cairo, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Guido Di Donfrancesco, Luca Di Liberto, Sergey Khaykin, Lorenza Lucaferri, Valentin Mitev, Max Port, Christian Rolf, Marcel Snels, Nicole Spelten, Ralf Weigel, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4899–4925, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cirrus clouds have been observed over the Himalayan region between 10 km and the tropopause at 17–18 km. Data from backscattersonde, hygrometers, and particle cloud spectrometers have been compared to assess their consistency. Empirical relationships between optical parameters accessible with remote sensing lidars and cloud microphysical parameters (such as ice water content, particle number and surface area density, and particle aspherical fraction) have been established.
Francesco Cairo, Terry Deshler, Luca Di Liberto, Andrea Scoccione, and Marcel Snels
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 419–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The T-matrix theory was used to compute the backscatter and depolarization of mixed-phase PSC, assuming that particles are solid (NAT or possibly ice) above a threshold radius R and liquid (STS) below, and a single shape is common to all solid particles. We used a dataset of coincident lidar and balloon-borne backscattersonde and OPC measurements. The agreement between modelled and measured backscatter is reasonable and allows us to constrain the parameters R and AR.
Francesco Cairo, Terry Deshler, Luca Di Liberto, Andrea Scoccione, and Marcel Snels
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-28, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-28, 2022
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
We study Mie theory on aspherical scatterers, computing on coincident measurements of PSC by lidar and Particle Counters, the backscatter and depolarization of mixed phase PSC. WParticles are assumed solid if larger than R; for these, Mie results are reduced by C < 1 and only a common fraction X < 1 of the backscattering is polarized. We retrieve R, C and X. The match of model and measurement is good for backscattering, poor for depolarization. The hypothesis on X may be not fulfilled.
Francesco Cairo, Mauro De Muro, Marcel Snels, Luca Di Liberto, Silvia Bucci, Bernard Legras, Ajil Kottayil, Andrea Scoccione, and Stefano Ghisu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7947–7961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7947-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7947-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A lidar was used in Palau from February–March 2016. Clouds were observed peaking at 3 km below the high cold-point tropopause (CPT). Their occurrence was linked with cold anomalies, while in warm cases, cirrus clouds were restricted to 5 km below the CPT. Thin subvisible cirrus (SVC) near the CPT had distinctive characteristics. They were linked to wave-induced cold anomalies. Back trajectories are mostly compatible with convective outflow, while some distinctive SVC may originate in situ.
Marcel Snels, Francesco Colao, Francesco Cairo, Ilir Shuli, Andrea Scoccione, Mauro De Muro, Michael Pitts, Lamont Poole, and Luca Di Liberto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2165–2178, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 5 years of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) observations by ground-based lidar at Concordia station (Antarctica) are presented. These data have been recorded in coincidence with the overpasses of the CALIOP lidar on the CALIPSO satellite. First we demonstrate that both lidars observe essentially the same thing, in terms of detection and composition of the PSCs. Then we use both datasets to study seasonal and interannual variations in the formation temperature of NAT mixtures.
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Short summary
A novel simulation chamber, PASSxS (Planetary Atmosphere Simulation System for Spectroscopy), has been developed for absorption measurements with a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and possibly a cavity ring-down (CRD) spectrometer, with a sample temperature ranging from 100 K up to 550 K, while the pressure of the gas can be varied up to 60 bar. These temperature and pressure ranges cover a significant part of the planetary atmospheres in the solar system and possibly extrasolar planets.
A novel simulation chamber, PASSxS (Planetary Atmosphere Simulation System for Spectroscopy),...