Articles | Volume 16, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2989-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2989-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Jun 2023
Research article |
| 15 Jun 2023
| 15 Jun 2023
Evaluating the effects of columnar NO2 on the accuracy of aerosol optical properties retrievals
Theano Drosoglou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development,
National Observatory of Athens (IERSD/NOA), 15236 Athens, Greece
Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis
Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development,
National Observatory of Athens (IERSD/NOA), 15236 Athens, Greece
Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment, Sector of
Geography and Climatology, Department of Geology and Environment, National
and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
Massimo Valeri
Serco Italia S.p.A., 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
Stefano Casadio
Serco Italia S.p.A., 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
Francesca Barnaba
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences
and Climate, CNR-ISAC, 00133 Rome, Italy
Marcos Herreras-Giralda
GRASP SAS, Remote Sensing Developments, 59260 Lezennes, France
Anton Lopatin
GRASP SAS, Remote Sensing Developments, 59260 Lezennes, France
Oleg Dubovik
Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA) – UMR 8518, CNRS/Université de Lille, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, 59650, France
Gabriele Brizzi
Serco Italia S.p.A., 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
Fabrizio Niro
ESA-ESRIN, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
Monica Campanelli
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences
and Climate, CNR-ISAC, 00133 Rome, Italy
Stelios Kazadzis
Physicalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation
Center, 7260 Davos, Switzerland
Related authors
No articles found.
Pavel Litvinov, Cheng Chen, Oleg Dubovik, Siyao Zhai, Christian Matar, Chong Li, Anton Lopatin, David Fuertes, Tatyana Lapyonok, Lukas Bindreiter, Manuel Dornacher, Arthur Lehner, Alexandru Dandocsi, Daniele Gasbarra, and Christian Retscher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 7679–7716, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7679-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7679-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Developed SYREMIS (SYnergetic REtrieval from Multi-MISsion instruments) approach is based on three main principles: (i) harmonization of the multi-instruments L1 measurements, (ii) their “weighting”, and (iii) optimization of the forward models and the retrieval setups. It substantially enhances aerosol and surface characterization from spaceborne measurements. The approach can be extended to future missions, including synergy with multi-angular, multi-spectral, and polarimetric measurements.
Angelos Karanikolas, Benjamin Torres, Masahiro Momoi, Marcos Herreras Giralda, Natalia Kouremeti, Julian Gröbner, Lionel Doppler, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 7651–7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7651-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7651-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Several techniques retrieve of the aerosol size distribution. The Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties algorithm can retrieve aerosol size distribution parameters using only aerosol optical depth (AOD) as input that is continuously observed by sun photometers worldwide. In this study, we apply the algorithm to AOD measured by sun photometers and spectroradiometers to assess the performance and limitations of such retrievals and investigate the effect of the spectral range.
Henri Diémoz, Francesca Barnaba, Luca Ferrero, Ivan K. F. Tombolato, Caterina Mapelli, Annachiara Bellini, Claudia Desandré, Tiziana Magri, and Manuela Zublena
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5044, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5044, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
RASPBERRY is a new method to identify aerosol emission sources using physical properties (particle size and light absorption) measured at high time resolution by cost-effective optical instruments, instead of labour-intensive chemical analyses. Applied over five years in Aosta, Italy, it identified six main sources – traffic, biomass burning, two types of secondary particles, desert dust, and local resuspension. Validation against chemical apportionment and real-time applications are presented.
Chong Li, Oleg Dubovik, Jing Li, David Fuertes, Anton Lopatin, Pavel Litvinov, Tatsiana Lapyonok, Lukas Bindreiter, Christian Matar, Yiqi Chu, and Wangshu Tan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6609–6643, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6609-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6609-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using observational data from Japan's geostationary satellite – Himawari-8 , this study improved how we track air pollution (aerosols) across East Asia and the Western Pacific. By applying an advanced aerosol retrieval algorithm called GRASP, we were able to more accurately observe both atmospheric and ground conditions and their dynamics over time. The results closely matched ground-based measurements and showed potential for even better monitoring when combined with ground-based lidar data.
Nikolaos Papadimitriou, Ilias Fountoulakis, Antonis Gkikas, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Andreas Kazantzidis, Stelios Kazadzis, Stefan Pfenninger, John Kapsomenakis, Kostas Eleftheratos, Athanassios A. Argiriou, Lionel Doppler, and Christos S. Zerefos
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5351628, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5351628, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We assess PV power modelling uncertainty linked to the use of the BRL diffuse fraction model. We perform simulations with GSEE, which includes the BRL model, with input from BSRN and CAMS. The simulations are validated under diverse conditions, with aerosol defined using AERONET. Results show that the BRL is reliable under most conditions but can lead to overestimations of PV output during dust events. CAMS-based simulations closely match ground measurements, confirming the robustness of GSEE.
Pierre Gramme, Cedric Busschots, Emmanuel Dekemper, Didier Pieroux, Noel Baker, Stefano Casadio, Anna Maria Iannarelli, Nicola Ferrante, Annalisa Di Bernardino, Paolo Pettinari, Elisa Castelli, Luca Di Liberto, and Francesco Cairo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6021–6037, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6021-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6021-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new remote sensing instrument using hyperspectral imaging to observe the variability in space and time of the nitrogen dioxide concentration. We also show the results of its validation campaign in a challenging urban setting in Rome, showing very good agreement with two reference instruments. Having an imaging instrument rather than the currently state-of-the-art unidirectional spectrometers brings promising capability in the context of satellite product validation.
Ilias Fountoulakis, Kyriaki Papachristopoulou, Stelios Kazadzis, Gregor Hülsen, Julian Gröbner, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Dimitra Kouklaki, Akriti Masoom, Natalia Kouremeti, Charalampos Kontoes, and Christos S. Zerefos
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 7451–7473, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7451-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7451-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The UVIOS2 model has been evaluated at Davos, Switzerland during the UVCIII campaign. The accuracy in the modelled UV indices has been assessed for different combinations of model inputs. A good overall agreement between UVIOS2 and the world reference spectroradiometer QASUME was found (average ratio of ~ 1 between the modelled and measured UV index), although the variability in the ratio can be large under cloudy conditions.
Xinyuan Hou, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4543–4557, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4543-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4543-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed aerosol ground measurements and model based aerosol optical depth (AOD) forecasts to study variations in AOD at different global sites. We compared day-ahead AOD forecast methods and assessed their impact on forecasting clear-sky direct normal irradiance (DNI). While none of the methods accurately forecast DNI within 5 %, most sites showed a DNI deviation within 20 %, especially at sites with urban-industrial aerosols.
Sara Herrero-Anta, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Stefania Gilardoni, Sandra Graßl, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Radovan Krejci, David Mateos, Mauro Mazzola, Christoph Ritter, Roberto Román, Kerstin Stebel, and Tymon Zielinski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3423, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2019, unusually high aerosol levels were measured in the Arctic, linked to wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and anthropogenic pollution. Using various instruments and models, we traced their origins and found good agreement between methods. The particles were mostly non-absorbing, but still we found a reduction of the solar radiation reaching the surface. This study shows that combining different measurements improves our understanding of how distant events affect the Arctic climate.
Simone Pulimeno, Angelo Lupi, Vito Vitale, Claudia Frangipani, Carlos Toledano, Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Christoph Ritter, Sandra Graßl, Kerstin Stebel, Vitali Fioletov, Ihab Abboud, Sandra Blindheim, Lynn Ma, Norm O’Neill, Piotr Sobolewski, Pawan Gupta, Elena Lind, Thomas F. Eck, Antti Hyvärinen, Veijo Aaltonen, Rigel Kivi, Janae Csavina, Dmitry Kabanov, Sergey M. Sakerin, Olga R. Sidorova, Robert S. Stone, Hagen Telg, Laura Riihimaki, Raul R. Cordero, Martin Radenz, Ronny Engelmann, Michel Van Roozendal, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Philippe Goloub, Junji Hisamitsu, and Mauro Mazzola
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2527, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2527, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed aerosols optical properties over the Arctic and Antarctic to measure them even during long periods of darkness. It found that pollution in the Arctic is decreasing, likely due to European emission regulations, while wildfires are becoming a more important source of particles. In Antarctica, particle levels are higher near the coast than inland, and vary by season. These results help us better understand how air pollution and climate are changing at the Earth’s poles.
David Mateos, Carlos Toledano, Abel Calle, Roberto Román, Marcos Herreras-Giralda, Ramiro González, Sara Herrero-Anta, Daniel González-Fernández, Celia Herrero-del Barrio, Argyro Nisantzi, Silke Gross, Victoria E. Cachorro, Ángel M. de Frutos, and Bernadett Weinzierl
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3577, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3577, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The A-LIFE experiment deployed in Cyprus included two sun photometers of AERONET network in two different sites. Mineral dust was predominant during the experiment, with Saharan and Arabian dust showing distinct optical properties, in particular, the Angstrom Exponent in the near-infrarred range and Volume Efficiency factor. Both magnitudes can served as a reliable proxy for mineral dust typing. No significant black carbon presence was detected.
Mégane Ventura, Fabien Waquet, Isabelle Chiapello, Gérard Brogniez, Frédéric Parol, Frédérique Auriol, Rodrigue Loisil, Cyril Delegove, Luc Blarel, Oleg Dubovik, Marc Mallet, Cyrille Flamant, and Paola Formenti
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4005–4024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4005-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4005-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning aerosols (BBAs) from Central Africa are transported above stratocumulus clouds. The absorption of solar energy by aerosols induces warming, altering the cloud dynamics. We developed an approach that combines polarimeter and lidar to quantify this. This methodology is assessed during the AEROCLO-sA (AErosol RadiatiOn and CLOud in Southern Africa) campaign. To validate it, we used irradiance measurements acquired during aircraft spiral descents. A major perspective is the generalization of this method to the global level.
Cheng Chen, Xuefeng Lei, Zhenhai Liu, Haorang Gu, Oleg Dubovik, Pavel Litvinov, David Fuertes, Yujia Cao, Haixiao Yu, Guangfeng Xiang, Binghuan Meng, Zhenwei Qiu, Xiaobing Sun, Jin Hong, and Zhengqiang Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3497–3519, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3497-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3497-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate Observing Scanning Polarization (POSP) on board the second GaoFen-5 (GF-5(02)) satellite is the first space-borne ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared–shortwave-infrared (UV–VIS–NIR–SWIR) multi-spectral cross-track scanning polarimeter. Due to its wide spectral range and polarimetric capabilities, POSP measurements provide rich information for aerosol and surface characterization. We present the detailed aerosol/surface products generated from POSP's first 18 months of operation, including spectral aerosol optical depth, aerosol-size-/absorption-related properties, surface black-sky and white-sky albedos, etc.
Akriti Masoom, Stelios Kazadzis, Robin Lewis Modini, Martin Gysel-Beer, Julian Gröbner, Martine Collaud Coen, Francisco Navas-Guzman, Natalia Kouremeti, Benjamin Tobias Brem, Nora Kristina Nowak, Giovanni Martucci, Maxime Hervo, and Sophie Erb
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2755, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2755, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article aims at providing details on the special aerosol properties observed during 2023 Canadian wildfire plume transport and exploring the synergism between remote sensing and in situ measurements for investigating the cause of the occurrence of the observations of special aerosol properties.
Yuyang Chang, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, Igor Veselovskii, Fabrice Ducos, Gaël Dubois, Masanori Saito, Anton Lopatin, Oleg Dubovik, and Cheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6787–6821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6787-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6787-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study retrieved dust aerosol microphysical properties from lidar measurements using different scattering models. Numeric simulations and real data applications revealed the importance of considering depolarization measurements and the superiority of the irregular–hexahedral model in the retrieval of dust aerosols from lidar measurements.
Zhenyu Zhang, Jing Li, Huizheng Che, Yueming Dong, Oleg Dubovik, Thomas Eck, Pawan Gupta, Brent Holben, Jhoon Kim, Elena Lind, Trailokya Saud, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, and Tong Ying
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4617–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4617-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4617-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used ground-based remote sensing data from the Aerosol Robotic Network to examine long-term trends in aerosol characteristics. We found aerosol loadings generally decreased globally, and aerosols became more scattering. These changes are closely related to variations in aerosol compositions, such as decreased anthropogenic emissions over East Asia, Europe, and North America; increased anthropogenic sources over northern India; and increased dust activity over the Arabian Peninsula.
Anna Moustaka, Stelios Kazadzis, Emmanouil Proestakis, Anton Lopatin, Oleg Dubovik, Kleareti Tourpali, Christos Zerefos, Vassilis Amiridis, and Antonis Gkikas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-888, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-888, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
North Africa and the Middle East are home to the world’s most active dust sources, but accurately monitoring airborne dust remains challenging. We refine satellite-based dust retrievals by improving the lidar ratio, a key parameter in aerosol observations, using data from multiple sensors. Our findings reveal regional variations in dust optical depth (DOD), leading to improved climatological assessments. These results enhance climate models and air quality studies.
Annachiara Bellini, Henri Diémoz, Luca Di Liberto, Gian Paolo Gobbi, Alessandro Bracci, Ferdinando Pasqualini, and Francesca Barnaba
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6119–6144, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6119-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6119-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a comprehensive overview of the Italian Automated LIdar-CEilometer network, ALICENET, describing its infrastructure, aerosol retrievals, and main applications. The supplement covers data-processing details. We include examples of output products, comparisons with independent data, and examples of the network capability to provide near-real-time aerosol fields over Italy. ALICENET is expected to benefit the sectors of air quality, radiative budget/solar energy, and aviation safety.
Angelos Karanikolas, Natalia Kouremeti, Monica Campanelli, Victor Estellés, Masahiro Momoi, Gaurav Kumar, Stephan Nyeki, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6085–6105, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Different sun photometer networks use different instruments, post-processing algorithms and calibration protocols for aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval. Such differences can affect the homogeneity and comparability of their measurements. In this study, we assess the homogeneity between the sun photometer networks GAW-PFR and SKYNET, analysing common measurements during three campaigns between 2017–2021, and investigate the main cause of the differences.
Akriti Masoom, Stelios Kazadzis, Masimo Valeri, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Gabrielle Brizzi, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Francesca Barnaba, Stefano Casadio, Axel Kreuter, and Fabrizio Niro
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5525–5549, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols, which have a wide impact on climate, radiative forcing, and human health, are widely represented by aerosol optical depth (AOD). AOD retrievals require Rayleigh scattering and atmospheric absorption (ozone, NO2, etc.) corrections. We analysed the NO2 (which has a high spatiotemporal variation) uncertainty impact on AOD retrievals using the synergy of co-located ground-based instruments with a long-term dataset at worldwide sites and found significant AOD over- or underestimations.
Monica Campanelli, Victor Estellés, Gaurav Kumar, Teruyuki Nakajima, Masahiro Momoi, Julian Gröbner, Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Angelos Karanikolas, Africa Barreto, Saulius Nevas, Kerstin Schwind, Philipp Schneider, Iiro Harju, Petri Kärhä, Henri Diémoz, Rei Kudo, Akihiro Uchiyama, Akihiro Yamazaki, Anna Maria Iannarelli, Gabriele Mevi, Annalisa Di Bernardino, and Stefano Casadio
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5029–5050, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To retrieve columnar aerosol properties from sun photometers, some calibration factors are needed. The on-site calibrations, performed as frequently as possible to monitor changes in the machine conditions, allow operators to track and evaluate the calibration status on a continuous basis, reducing the data gaps incurred by the periodic shipments for performing centralized calibrations. The performance of the on-site calibration procedures was evaluated, providing very good results.
Anton Lopatin, Oleg Dubovik, Georgiy Stenchikov, Ellsworth J. Welton, Illia Shevchenko, David Fuertes, Marcos Herreras-Giralda, Tatsiana Lapyonok, and Alexander Smirnov
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4445–4470, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compare aerosol properties over the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology campus using Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) and the Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET). We focus on the impact of different aerosol retrieval assumptions on daytime and nighttime retrievals and analyze seasonal variability in aerosol properties, aiding in understanding aerosol behavior and improving retrieval. Our work has implications for climate and public health.
Ilias Fountoulakis, Alexandra Tsekeri, Stelios Kazadzis, Vassilis Amiridis, Angelos Nersesian, Maria Tsichla, Emmanouil Proestakis, Antonis Gkikas, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Vasileios Barlakas, Claudia Emde, and Bernhard Mayer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4915–4948, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4915-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4915-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In our study we provide an assessment, through a sensitivity study, of the limitations of models to calculate the dust direct radiative effect (DRE) due to the underrepresentation of its size, refractive index (RI), and shape. Our results indicate the necessity of including more realistic sizes and RIs for dust particles in dust models, in order to derive better estimations of the dust direct radiative effects.
Lieuwe G. Tilstra, Martin de Graaf, Victor J. H. Trees, Pavel Litvinov, Oleg Dubovik, and Piet Stammes
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2235–2256, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a new surface albedo climatology of directionally dependent Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (DLER) observed by TROPOMI on the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. The database contains monthly fields of DLER for 21 wavelength bands at a relatively high spatial resolution of 0.125 by 0.125 degrees. The anisotropy of the surface reflection is handled by parameterisation of the viewing angle dependence.
Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ilias Fountoulakis, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Basil E. Psiloglou, Nikolaos Papadimitriou, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Andreas Kazantzidis, Charalampos Kontoes, Maria Hatzaki, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1851–1877, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The upgraded systems SENSE2 and NextSENSE2 focus on improving the quality of solar nowcasting and forecasting. SENSE2 provides real-time estimates of solar irradiance across a wide region every 15 min. NextSENSE2 offers short-term forecasts of irradiance up to 3 h ahead. Evaluation with actual data showed that the instantaneous comparison yields the most discrepancies due to the uncertainties of cloud-related information and satellite versus ground-based spatial representativeness limitations.
Celia Herrero del Barrio, Roberto Román, Ramiro González, Alberto Cazorla, Marcos Herreras-Giralda, Juan Carlos Antuña-Sánchez, Francisco Molero, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Antonio Serrano, María Ángeles Obregón, Yolanda Sola, Marco Pandolfi, Sara Herrero-Anta, Daniel González-Fernández, Jorge Muñiz-Rosado, David Mateos, Abel Calle, Carlos Toledano, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, and Ángel Máximo de Frutos
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-581, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-581, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Introducing CAECENET, a novel system that combines sun-sky photometer and ceilometer data, enabling the continuous monitoring and automatic retrieval of both vertical and columnar aerosol properties in near real-time. A case study on a Saharan dust outbreak illustrates it's efficacy in tracking aerosol events. Additionally, the analysis of Canadian wildfires' long-range transport is presented, showing it's utility in monitoring event propagation, aerosol concentration, and optical properties.
Otto Hasekamp, Pavel Litvinov, Guangliang Fu, Cheng Chen, and Oleg Dubovik
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1497–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are particles in the atmosphere that cool the climate by reflecting and absorbing sunlight (direct effect) and changing cloud properties (indirect effect). The scale of aerosol cooling is uncertain, hampering accurate climate predictions. We compare two algorithms for the retrieval of aerosol properties from multi-angle polarimetric measurements: Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP) and Remote sensing of Trace gas and Aerosol Products (RemoTAP).
Antonio Fernando Almansa, África Barreto, Natalia Kouremeti, Ramiro González, Akriti Masoom, Carlos Toledano, Julian Gröbner, Rosa Delia García, Yenny González, Stelios Kazadzis, Stéphane Victori, Óscar Álvarez, Fabrice Maupin, Virgilio Carreño, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, and Emilio Cuevas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 659–675, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper applies sun photometer synergies to improve calibration transference between different sun photometers and also enhance their quality assurance and quality control. We have validated this technique using different instrumentation, the WMO-GAW and NASA-AERONET references, under different aerosol regimes using the standard Langley calibration method as a reference.
Alexandra Tsekeri, Anna Gialitaki, Marco Di Paolantonio, Davide Dionisi, Gian Luigi Liberti, Alnilam Fernandes, Artur Szkop, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Maria J. Granados Muñoz, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Diego Bermejo Pantaleón, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Anna Kampouri, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Michael Sicard, Adolfo Comerón, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, Xiaoxia Shang, Mika Komppula, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Diofantos Hadjimitsis, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Alexander Haefele, Dominika Szczepanik, Artur Tomczak, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Livio Belegante, Doina Nicolae, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Dimitris Balis, Athena A. Floutsi, Holger Baars, Linda Miladi, Nicolas Pascal, Oleg Dubovik, and Anton Lopatin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 6025–6050, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-6025-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-6025-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
EARLINET/ACTRIS organized an intensive observational campaign in May 2020, with the objective of monitoring the atmospheric state over Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown and relaxation period. The work presented herein focuses on deriving a common methodology for applying a synergistic retrieval that utilizes the network's ground-based passive and active remote sensing measurements and deriving the aerosols from anthropogenic activities over Europe.
Óscar Alvárez, África Barreto, Omaira E. García, Frank Hase, Rosa D. García, Julian Gröbner, Sergio F. León-Luis, Eliezer Sepúlveda, Virgilio Carreño, Antonio Alcántara, Ramón Ramos, A. Fernando Almansa, Stelios Kazadzis, Noémie Taquet, Carlos Toledano, and Emilio Cuevas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4861–4884, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4861-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4861-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we have extended the capabilities of a portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) instrument, which was originally designed to provide high-quality greenhouse gas monitoring within COCCON (COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network). The extension allows the spectrometer to now also provide coincidentally column-integrated aerosol information. This addition of a reference instrument to a global network will be utilised to enhance our understanding of atmospheric chemistry.
Julian Gröbner, Natalia Kouremeti, Gregor Hülsen, Ralf Zuber, Mario Ribnitzky, Saulius Nevas, Peter Sperfeld, Kerstin Schwind, Philipp Schneider, Stelios Kazadzis, África Barreto, Tom Gardiner, Kavitha Mottungan, David Medland, and Marc Coleman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4667–4680, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Spectral solar irradiance measurements traceable to the International System of Units (SI) allow for intercomparability between instruments and for their validation according to metrological standards. Here we also validate and reduce the uncertainties of the top-of-atmosphere TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum (HSRS). The management of large networks, e.g. AERONET or GAW-PFR, will benefit from reducing logistical overhead, improving their resilience and achieving metrological traceability.
Vasiliki Daskalopoulou, Panagiotis I. Raptis, Alexandra Tsekeri, Vassilis Amiridis, Stelios Kazadzis, Zbigniew Ulanowski, Vassilis Charmandaris, Konstantinos Tassis, and William Martin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4529–4550, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric dust particles may present a preferential alignment due to their shape on long range transport. Since dust is abundant and plays a key role to global climate, the elusive observation of orientation will be a game changer to existing measurement techniques and the representation of particles in climate models. We utilize a specifically designed instrument, SolPol, and target the Sun from the ground for large polarization values under dusty conditions, a clear sign of orientation.
Sara Herrero-Anta, Roberto Román, David Mateos, Ramiro González, Juan Carlos Antuña-Sánchez, Marcos Herreras-Giralda, Antonio Fernando Almansa, Daniel González-Fernández, Celia Herrero del Barrio, Carlos Toledano, Victoria E. Cachorro, and Ángel M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4423–4443, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4423-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4423-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows the potential of a simple radiometer like the ZEN-R52 as a possible alternative for aerosol property retrieval in remote areas. A calibration method based on radiative transfer simulations together with an inversion methodology using the GRASP code is proposed here. The results demonstrate that this methodology is useful for the retrieval of aerosol extensive properties like aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol volume concentration for total, fine and coarse modes.
Akriti Masoom, Ilias Fountoulakis, Stelios Kazadzis, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Anna Kampouri, Basil E. Psiloglou, Dimitra Kouklaki, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Eleni Marinou, Stavros Solomos, Anna Gialitaki, Dimitra Founda, Vasileios Salamalikis, Dimitris Kaskaoutis, Natalia Kouremeti, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Vassilis Amiridis, Andreas Kazantzidis, Alexandros Papayannis, Christos S. Zerefos, and Kostas Eleftheratos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8487–8514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse the spatial and temporal aerosol spectral optical properties during the extreme wildfires of August 2021 in Greece and assess their effects on air quality and solar radiation quantities related to health, agriculture, and energy. Different aerosol conditions are identified (pure smoke, pure dust, dust–smoke together); the largest impact on solar radiation quantities is found for cases with mixed dust–smoke aerosols. Such situations are expected to occur more frequently in the future.
Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Antonis Gkikas, Ilias Fountoulakis, Akriti Masoom, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15703–15727, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Megacities' air quality is determined by atmospheric aerosols. We focus on changes over the last two decades in the 81 largest cities, using satellite data. European and American cities have lower aerosol compared to African and Asian cities. For European, North American and East Asian cities, aerosols are decreasing over time, especially in China and the US. In the remaining cities, aerosol loads are increasing, particularly in India.
Milagros E. Herrera, Oleg Dubovik, Benjamin Torres, Tatyana Lapyonok, David Fuertes, Anton Lopatin, Pavel Litvinov, Cheng Chen, Jose Antonio Benavent-Oltra, Juan L. Bali, and Pablo R. Ristori
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6075–6126, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6075-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6075-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study deals with the dynamic error estimates of the aerosol-retrieved properties by the GRASP algorithm, which are provided for directly retrieved and derived parameters. Moreover, GRASP provides full covariance matrices that appear to be a useful approach for optimizing observation schemes and retrieval set-ups. The validation of the retrieved dynamic error estimates is done through real and synthetic measurements using sun photometer and lidar observations.
Angelos Karanikolas, Natalia Kouremeti, Julian Gröbner, Luca Egli, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5667–5680, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this work is to investigate the limitations of calculating long-term trends of a parameter that quantifies the overall effect of atmospheric aerosols on the solar radiation. A main finding is that even instruments with good agreement between their observations can show significantly different linear trends. By calculating time-varying trends, the trend agreement is shown to improve. We also show that different methods of trend estimation can result in significant trend differences.
Alireza Moallemi, Rob L. Modini, Tatyana Lapyonok, Anton Lopatin, David Fuertes, Oleg Dubovik, Philippe Giaccari, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5619–5642, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol properties (size distributions, refractive indices) can be retrieved from in situ, angularly resolved light scattering measurements performed with polar nephelometers. We apply an established framework to assess the aerosol property retrieval potential for different instrument configurations, target applications, and assumed prior knowledge. We also demonstrate how a reductive greedy algorithm can be used to determine the optimal placements of the angular sensors in a polar nephelometer.
Thomas Drugé, Pierre Nabat, Marc Mallet, Martine Michou, Samuel Rémy, and Oleg Dubovik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12167–12205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the implementation of brown carbon in the atmospheric component of the CNRM global climate model and particularly in its aerosol scheme TACTIC. Several simulations were carried out with this climate model, over the period 2000–2014, to evaluate the model by comparison with different reference datasets (PARASOL-GRASP, OMI-OMAERUVd, MACv2, FMI_SAT, AERONET) and to analyze the brown carbon radiative and climatic effects.
Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Cheng Chen, Oleg Dubovik, Jin Hong, Boming Liu, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4323–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4323-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4323-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol parameter retrievals have always been a research focus. In this study, we used an advanced aerosol algorithms (GRASP, developed by Oleg Dubovik) to test the ability of DPC/Gaofen-5 (the first polarized multi-angle payload developed in China) images to obtain aerosol parameters. The results show that DPC/GRASP achieves good results (R > 0.9). This research will contribute to the development of hardware and algorithms for aerosols
Lei Li, Yevgeny Derimian, Cheng Chen, Xindan Zhang, Huizheng Che, Gregory L. Schuster, David Fuertes, Pavel Litvinov, Tatyana Lapyonok, Anton Lopatin, Christian Matar, Fabrice Ducos, Yana Karol, Benjamin Torres, Ke Gui, Yu Zheng, Yuanxin Liang, Yadong Lei, Jibiao Zhu, Lei Zhang, Junting Zhong, Xiaoye Zhang, and Oleg Dubovik
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3439–3469, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3439-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3439-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A climatology of aerosol composition concentration derived from POLDER-3 observations using GRASP/Component is presented. The conceptual specifics of the GRASP/Component approach are in the direct retrieval of aerosol speciation without intermediate retrievals of aerosol optical characteristics. The dataset of satellite-derived components represents scarce but imperative information for validation and potential adjustment of chemical transport models.
Alexander Sinyuk, Brent N. Holben, Thomas F. Eck, David M. Giles, Ilya Slutsker, Oleg Dubovik, Joel S. Schafer, Alexander Smirnov, and Mikhail Sorokin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4135–4151, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4135-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4135-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes modification of smoothness constraints on the imaginary part of the refractive index employed in the AERONET aerosol retrieval algorithm. This modification is termed relaxed due to the weaker strength of this new smoothness constraint. Applying the modified version of the smoothness constraint results in a significant reduction of retrieved light absorption by brown-carbon-containing aerosols.
Enza Di Tomaso, Jerónimo Escribano, Sara Basart, Paul Ginoux, Francesca Macchia, Francesca Barnaba, Francesco Benincasa, Pierre-Antoine Bretonnière, Arnau Buñuel, Miguel Castrillo, Emilio Cuevas, Paola Formenti, María Gonçalves, Oriol Jorba, Martina Klose, Lucia Mona, Gilbert Montané Pinto, Michail Mytilinaios, Vincenzo Obiso, Miriam Olid, Nick Schutgens, Athanasios Votsis, Ernest Werner, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2785–2816, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2785-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2785-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
MONARCH reanalysis of desert dust aerosols extends the existing observation-based information for mineral dust monitoring by providing 3-hourly upper-air, surface and total column key geophysical variables of the dust cycle over Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe, at a 0.1° horizontal resolution in a rotated grid, from 2007 to 2016. This work provides evidence of the high accuracy of this data set and its suitability for air quality and health and climate service applications.
M. Dolores Andrés Hernández, Andreas Hilboll, Helmut Ziereis, Eric Förster, Ovid O. Krüger, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Francesca Barnaba, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Jörg Schmidt, Heidi Huntrieser, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Midhun George, Vladyslav Nenakhov, Theresa Harlass, Bruna A. Holanda, Jennifer Wolf, Lisa Eirenschmalz, Marc Krebsbach, Mira L. Pöhlker, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, Linlu Mei, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Yangzhuoran Liu, Ralf Koppmann, Hans Schlager, Birger Bohn, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Richter, Benjamin Schreiner, Daniel Sauer, Robert Baumann, Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kilian, Greta Stratmann, Christopher Pöhlker, Monica Campanelli, Marco Pandolfi, Michael Sicard, José L. Gómez-Amo, Manuel Pujadas, Katja Bigge, Flora Kluge, Anja Schwarz, Nikos Daskalakis, David Walter, Andreas Zahn, Ulrich Pöschl, Harald Bönisch, Stephan Borrmann, Ulrich Platt, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5877–5924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EMeRGe provides a unique set of in situ and remote sensing airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosol particles along selected flight routes in the lower troposphere over Europe. The interpretation uses also complementary collocated ground-based and satellite measurements. The collected data help to improve the current understanding of the complex spatial distribution of trace gases and aerosol particles resulting from mixing, transport, and transformation of pollution plumes over Europe.
Antonis Gkikas, Emmanouil Proestakis, Vassilis Amiridis, Stelios Kazadzis, Enza Di Tomaso, Eleni Marinou, Nikos Hatzianastassiou, Jasper F. Kok, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3553–3578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive climatological analysis of dust optical depth (DOD) relying on the MIDAS dataset. MIDAS provides columnar mid-visible (550 nm) DOD at fine spatial resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) over a 15-year period (2003–2017). In the current study, the analysis is performed at various spatial (from regional to global) and temporal (from months to years) scales. More specifically, focus is given to specific regions hosting the major dust sources as well as downwind areas of the planet.
Monica Campanelli, Henri Diémoz, Anna Maria Siani, Alcide di Sarra, Anna Maria Iannarelli, Rei Kudo, Gabriele Fasano, Giampietro Casasanta, Luca Tofful, Marco Cacciani, Paolo Sanò, and Stefano Dietrich
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1171–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1171-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1171-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The aerosol optical depth (AOD) characteristics in an urban area of Rome were retrieved over a period of 11 years (2010–2020) to determine, for the first time, their effect on the incoming ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation. The surface forcing efficiency shows that the AOD is the primary parameter affecting the surface irradiance in Rome, and it is found to be greater for smaller zenith angles and for larger and more absorbing particles in the UV range (such as, e.g., mineral dust).
Jean-Claude Roger, Eric Vermote, Sergii Skakun, Emilie Murphy, Oleg Dubovik, Natacha Kalecinski, Bruno Korgo, and Brent Holben
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1123–1144, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1123-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1123-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From measurements of the sky performed by AERONET, we determined the microphysical properties of the atmospheric particles (aerosols) for each AERONET site. We used the aerosol optical thickness and its variation over the visible spectrum. This allows us to determine an aerosol model useful for (but not only) the validation of the surface reflectance satellite-derived product. The impact of the aerosol model uncertainties on the surface reflectance validation has been found to be 1 % to 3 %.
Roberto Román, Juan C. Antuña-Sánchez, Victoria E. Cachorro, Carlos Toledano, Benjamín Torres, David Mateos, David Fuertes, César López, Ramiro González, Tatyana Lapionok, Marcos Herreras-Giralda, Oleg Dubovik, and Ángel M. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 407–433, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-407-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An all-sky camera is used to obtain the relative sky radiance, and this radiance is used as input in an inversion code to obtain aerosol properties. This paper is really interesting because it pushes forward the use and capability of sky cameras for more advanced science purposes. Enhanced aerosol properties can be retrieved with accuracy using only an all-sky camera, but synergy with other instruments providing aerosol optical depth could even increase the power of these low-cost instruments.
Sujung Go, Alexei Lyapustin, Gregory L. Schuster, Myungje Choi, Paul Ginoux, Mian Chin, Olga Kalashnikova, Oleg Dubovik, Jhoon Kim, Arlindo da Silva, Brent Holben, and Jeffrey S. Reid
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1395–1423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1395-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1395-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a retrieval algorithm of iron-oxide species (hematite, goethite) content in the atmosphere from DSCOVR EPIC observations. Our results display variations within the published range of hematite and goethite over the main dust-source regions but show significant seasonal and spatial variability. This implies a single-viewing satellite instrument with UV–visible channels may provide essential information on shortwave dust direct radiative effects for climate modeling.
Paolo Pettinari, Flavio Barbara, Simone Ceccherini, Bianca Maria Dinelli, Marco Gai, Piera Raspollini, Luca Sgheri, Massimo Valeri, Gerald Wetzel, Nicola Zoppetti, and Marco Ridolfi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7959–7974, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7959-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Phosgene (COCl2) is a toxic gas whose presence is a consequence of human activity. Besides its direct injection in the troposphere, stratospheric COCl2 is produced from the decomposition of CCl4, an anthropogenic gas regulated by the Montreal Protocol. As a consequence, COCl2 negative trends characterize the lower and part of the middle stratosphere. However, we find positive trends in the upper troposphere, demonstrating the non-negligible role of other Cl-containing species not yet regulated.
Stavros-Andreas Logothetis, Vasileios Salamalikis, Antonis Gkikas, Stelios Kazadzis, Vassilis Amiridis, and Andreas Kazantzidis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16499–16529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the temporal trends of dust optical depth (DOD; 550 nm) on global, regional and seasonal scales over a 15-year period (2003–2017) using the MIDAS (ModIs Dust AeroSol) dataset. The findings of this study revealed that the DOD was increased across the central Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula, with opposite trends over the eastern and western Sahara, the Thar and Gobi deserts, in the Bodélé Depression, and in the southern Mediterranean.
Xinyuan Hou, Martin Wild, Doris Folini, Stelios Kazadzis, and Jan Wohland
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1099–1113, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Solar photovoltaics (PV) matters for the carbon neutrality goal. We use climate scenarios to quantify climate risk for PV in Europe and find higher PV potential. The seasonal cycle of PV generation changes in most places. We find an increase in the spatial correlations of daily PV production, implying that PV power balancing through redistribution will be more difficult in the future. Thus, changes in the spatiotemporal structure of PV generation should be included in power system design.
Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos, Stelios Kazadzis, Alois W. Schmalwieser, Panagiotis I. Raptis, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ilias Fountoulakis, Akriti Masoom, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Julia Bilbao, Mario Blumthaler, Axel Kreuter, Anna Maria Siani, Kostas Eleftheratos, Chrysanthi Topaloglou, Julian Gröbner, Bjørn Johnsen, Tove M. Svendby, Jose Manuel Vilaplana, Lionel Doppler, Ann R. Webb, Marina Khazova, Hugo De Backer, Anu Heikkilä, Kaisa Lakkala, Janusz Jaroslawski, Charikleia Meleti, Henri Diémoz, Gregor Hülsen, Barbara Klotz, John Rimmer, and Charalampos Kontoes
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5657–5699, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5657-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5657-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale retrievals of the ultraviolet index (UVI) in real time by exploiting the modern Earth observation data and techniques are capable of forming operational early warning systems that raise awareness among citizens of the health implications of high UVI doses. In this direction a novel UVI operating system, the so-called UVIOS, was introduced for massive outputs, while its performance was tested against ground-based measurements revealing a dependence on the input quality and resolution.
Antti Arola, William Wandji Nyamsi, Antti Lipponen, Stelios Kazadzis, Nickolay A. Krotkov, and Johanna Tamminen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4947–4957, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4947-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4947-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methods to estimate surface UV radiation from satellite measurements offer the only means to obtain global coverage, and the development of satellite-based UV algorithms has been ongoing since the early 1990s. One of the main challenges in this development has been how to account for the overall effect of absorption by atmospheric aerosols. One such method was suggested roughly a decade ago, and in this study we propose further improvements for this kind of approach.
Jose Antonio Benavent-Oltra, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Roberto Román, Hassan Lyamani, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, María José Granados-Muñoz, Milagros Herrera, Alberto Cazorla, Gloria Titos, Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua, Andrés Esteban Bedoya-Velásquez, Gregori de Arruda Moreira, Noemí Pérez, Andrés Alastuey, Oleg Dubovik, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Francisco José Olmo-Reyes, and Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9269–9287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use the GRASP algorithm combining different remote sensing measurements to obtain the aerosol vertical and column properties during the SLOPE I and II campaigns. We show an overview of aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP during these campaigns and evaluate the retrievals of aerosol properties using the in situ measurements performed at a high-altitude station and airborne flights. For the first time we present an evaluation of the absorption coefficient by GRASP.
Aurélien Chauvigné, Fabien Waquet, Frédérique Auriol, Luc Blarel, Cyril Delegove, Oleg Dubovik, Cyrille Flamant, Marco Gaetani, Philippe Goloub, Rodrigue Loisil, Marc Mallet, Jean-Marc Nicolas, Frédéric Parol, Fanny Peers, Benjamin Torres, and Paola Formenti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8233–8253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8233-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8233-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents aerosol above-cloud properties close to the Namibian coast from a combination of airborne passive remote sensing. The complete analysis of aerosol and cloud optical properties and their microphysical and radiative properties allows us to better identify the impacts of biomass burning emissions. This work also gives a complete overview of the key parameters for constraining climate models in case aerosol and cloud coexist in the troposphere.
Rei Kudo, Henri Diémoz, Victor Estellés, Monica Campanelli, Masahiro Momoi, Franco Marenco, Claire L. Ryder, Osamu Ijima, Akihiro Uchiyama, Kouichi Nakashima, Akihiro Yamazaki, Ryoji Nagasawa, Nozomu Ohkawara, and Haruma Ishida
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3395–3426, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3395-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3395-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new method, Skyrad pack MRI version 2, was developed to retrieve aerosol physical and optical properties, water vapor, and ozone column concentrations from the sky radiometer, a filter radiometer deployed in the SKYNET international network. Our method showed good performance in a radiative closure study using surface solar irradiances from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network and a comparison using aircraft in situ measurements of Saharan dust events during the SAVEX-D 2015 campaign.
Nick Schutgens, Oleg Dubovik, Otto Hasekamp, Omar Torres, Hiren Jethva, Peter J. T. Leonard, Pavel Litvinov, Jens Redemann, Yohei Shinozuka, Gerrit de Leeuw, Stefan Kinne, Thomas Popp, Michael Schulz, and Philip Stier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6895–6917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6895-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6895-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Absorptive aerosol has a potentially large impact on climate change. We evaluate and intercompare four global satellite datasets of absorptive aerosol optical depth (AAOD) and single-scattering albedo (SSA). We show that these datasets show reasonable correlations with the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) reference, although significant biases remain. In a follow-up paper we show that these observations nevertheless can be used for model evaluation.
Anton Lopatin, Oleg Dubovik, David Fuertes, Georgiy Stenchikov, Tatyana Lapyonok, Igor Veselovskii, Frank G. Wienhold, Illia Shevchenko, Qiaoyun Hu, and Sagar Parajuli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2575–2614, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2575-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2575-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The article presents novelties in characterizing fine particles suspended in the air by means of combining various measurements that observe light propagation in atmosphere. Several non-coincident observations (some of which require sunlight, while others work only at night) could be united under the assumption that aerosol properties do not change drastically at nighttime. It also proposes how to describe particles' composition in a simplified manner that uses new types of observations.
Luca Ferrero, Asta Gregorič, Griša Močnik, Martin Rigler, Sergio Cogliati, Francesca Barnaba, Luca Di Liberto, Gian Paolo Gobbi, Niccolò Losi, and Ezio Bolzacchini
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4869–4897, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4869-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4869-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The work experimentally quantifies the impact of cloudiness and cloud type on the atmospheric heating rate of black and brown carbon. The most impacting clouds were stratocumulus, altostratus and stratus. Clouds caused a decrease of the heating rate of about 12 % per okta. The black carbon decease was slightly higher with respect to that of brown carbon. This study highlights the need to take into account the role of cloudiness when modelling light-absorbing aerosol climate forcing.
Myrto Gratsea, Tim Bösch, Panagiotis Kokkalis, Andreas Richter, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Stelios Kazadzis, Alexandra Tsekeri, Alexandros Papayannis, Maria Mylonaki, Vassilis Amiridis, Nikos Mihalopoulos, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 749–767, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-749-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-749-2021, 2021
Antonis Gkikas, Emmanouil Proestakis, Vassilis Amiridis, Stelios Kazadzis, Enza Di Tomaso, Alexandra Tsekeri, Eleni Marinou, Nikos Hatzianastassiou, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 309–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the development of the MIDAS (ModIs Dust AeroSol) data set, providing daily dust optical depth (DOD; 550 nm) at a global scale and fine spatial resolution (0.1° x 0.1°) over a 15-year period (2003–2017). It has been developed via the synergy of MODIS-Aqua and MERRA-2 data, while CALIOP and AERONET retrievals are used for its assessment. MIDAS upgrades existing dust observational capabilities, and it is suitable for dust climatological studies, model evaluation, and data assimilation.
Cited articles
AERONET: AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) Data Download Tool, NASA [data set], https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/webtool_aod_v3, last access: 9 June 2023.
Andrés Hernández, M. D., Hilboll, A., Ziereis, H., Förster, E., Krüger, O. O., Kaiser, K., Schneider, J., Barnaba, F., Vrekoussis, M., Schmidt, J., Huntrieser, H., Blechschmidt, A.-M., George, M., Nenakhov, V., Harlass, T., Holanda, B. A., Wolf, J., Eirenschmalz, L., Krebsbach, M., Pöhlker, M. L., Kalisz Hedegaard, A. B., Mei, L., Pfeilsticker, K., Liu, Y., Koppmann, R., Schlager, H., Bohn, B., Schumann, U., Richter, A., Schreiner, B., Sauer, D., Baumann, R., Mertens, M., Jöckel, P., Kilian, M., Stratmann, G., Pöhlker, C., Campanelli, M., Pandolfi, M., Sicard, M., Gómez-Amo, J. L., Pujadas, M., Bigge, K., Kluge, F., Schwarz, A., Daskalakis, N., Walter, D., Zahn, A., Pöschl, U., Bönisch, H., Borrmann, S., Platt, U., and Burrows, J. P.: Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5877–5924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, 2022.
Arola, A. and Koskela, T.: On the sources of bias in aerosol optical depth
retrieval in the UV range, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D08209,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004375, 2004.
Barnaba, F., Angelini, F., Curci, G., and Gobbi, G. P.: An important fingerprint of wildfires on the European aerosol load, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10487–10501, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10487-2011, 2011.
Barnaba, F., Bolignano, A., Di Liberto, L., Morelli, M., Lucarelli, F.,
Nava, S., Perrino, C., Canepari, S., Basart, S., Costabile, F., Dionisi, D.,
Ciampichetti, S., Sozzi, R., and Gobbi, G. P.: Desert dust contribution to PM10
loads in Italy: Methods and recommendations addressing the relevant European
Commission Guidelines in support to the Air Quality Directive 2008/50,
Atmos. Environ, 161, 288–305, 2017.
Benedetti, A., Reid, J. S., Knippertz, P., Marsham, J. H., Di Giuseppe, F., Rémy, S., Basart, S., Boucher, O., Brooks, I. M., Menut, L., Mona, L., Laj, P., Pappalardo, G., Wiedensohler, A., Baklanov, A., Brooks, M., Colarco, P. R., Cuevas, E., da Silva, A., Escribano, J., Flemming, J., Huneeus, N., Jorba, O., Kazadzis, S., Kinne, S., Popp, T., Quinn, P. K., Sekiyama, T. T., Tanaka, T., and Terradellas, E.: Status and future of numerical atmospheric aerosol prediction with a focus on data requirements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10615–10643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10615-2018, 2018.
Boersma, K. F., Eskes, H. J., and Brinksma, E. J.: Error analysis for
tropospheric NO2 retrieval from space, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04311,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003962, 2004.
Boersma, K. F., Jacob, D. J., Eskes, H. J., Pinder, R. W., Wang, J., and van
der A, R. J.: Inter-comparison of SCIAMACHY and OMI tropospheric NO2
columns: Observing the diurnal evolution of chemistry and emissions from
space, J. Geophys. Res., 113, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008816, 2008.
Boersma, K. F., Eskes, H. J., Dirksen, R. J., van der A, R. J., Veefkind, J. P., Stammes, P., Huijnen, V., Kleipool, Q. L., Sneep, M., Claas, J., Leitão, J., Richter, A., Zhou, Y., and Brunner, D.: An improved tropospheric NO2 column retrieval algorithm for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1905–1928, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-1905-2011, 2011.
Burrows, J. P., Dehn, A., Deters, B., Himmelmann, S., Richter, A., Voigt, S.,
and Orphal, J.: Atmospheric remote-sensing reference data from GOME: Part 1.
Temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections of NO2 in the 231–794
nm range, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 60, 1025–1031, 1998.
Campanelli, M., Nakajima, T., and Olivieri, B.: Determination of the solar
calibration constant for a sun-sky radiometer: proposal of an in-situ
procedure, Appl. Optics, 43, 651–659, 2004.
Campanelli, M., Iannarelli, A. M., Mevi, G., Casadio, S., Diémoz, H.,
Finardi, S., Dinoi, A., Castelli, E., di Sarra, A., Di Bernardino, A.,
Casasanta, G., Bassani, C., Siani, A. M., Cacciani, M., Barnaba, F., Di
Liberto, L., and Argentini, S.: A wide-ranging investigation of the COVID-19
lockdown effects on the atmospheric composition in various Italian urban
sites (AER – LOCUS), Urban Climate, 39, 100954, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100954, 2021.
Campanelli, M., Diémoz, H., Siani, A. M., di Sarra, A., Iannarelli, A. M., Kudo, R., Fasano, G., Casasanta, G., Tofful, L., Cacciani, M., Sanò, P., and Dietrich, S.: Aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome, Italy, and their impact on the UV index, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1171–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1171-2022, 2022.
Cede, A.: Manual for Blick Software Suite 1.8, 10 September 2021, Issue 1.8-4,
https://www.pandonia-global-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/BlickSoftwareSuite_Manual_v1-8-4.pdf (last access: 22 April 2022), 2021.
Cede, A., Tiefengraber, M., Dehn, A., Lefer, B., von Bismarck, J., Casadio, S., Abuhassan, N., Swap, R., and Valin, L.: Operational satellite validation with data from the Pandonia Global Network (PGN), EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-13850, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13850, 2020.
Chen, C., Dubovik, O., Fuertes, D., Litvinov, P., Lapyonok, T., Lopatin, A., Ducos, F., Derimian, Y., Herman, M., Tanré, D., Remer, L. A., Lyapustin, A., Sayer, A. M., Levy, R. C., Hsu, N. C., Descloitres, J., Li, L., Torres, B., Karol, Y., Herrera, M., Herreras, M., Aspetsberger, M., Wanzenboeck, M., Bindreiter, L., Marth, D., Hangler, A., and Federspiel, C.: Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol monitoring, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3573–3620, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3573-2020, 2020.
Chen, C., Dubovik, O., Litvinov, P., Fuertes, D., Lopatin, A., Lapyonok, T.,
Matar, C., Karol, Y., Fischer, J., Preusker, R., Hangler, A., Aspetsberger,
M., Bindreiter, L., Marth, D., Chimot, J., Fougnie, B., Marbach, T., and Bojkov,
B.: Properties of aerosol and surface derived from OLCI/Sentinel-3A using
GRASP approach: Retrieval development and preliminary validation, Remote
Sens. Environ., 280, 113142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113142, 2022.
Chu, D., Kaufman, Y. J., Ichoku, C., Remer, L., Tanre, D., and Holben, B.
N.: Validation of MODIS aerosol optical depth retrieval over land, Geophy.
Res. Lett., 29, 1617, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013205, 2002.
Ciardini, V., Di Iorio, T., Di Liberto, L., Tirelli, C., Casasanta, G., di
Sarra, A., Fiocco, G., Fuà, D., and Cacciani, M.: Seasonal variability
of tropospheric aerosols in Rome, Atmos. Res., 118, 205–214,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.026, 2012.
Corr, C. A., Krotkov, N., Madronich, S., Slusser, J. R., Holben, B., Gao, W., Flynn, J., Lefer, B., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Retrieval of aerosol single scattering albedo at ultraviolet wavelengths at the T1 site during MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5813–5827, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5813-2009, 2009.
Cuevas, E., Romero-Campos, P. M., Kouremeti, N., Kazadzis, S., Räisänen, P., García, R. D., Barreto, A., Guirado-Fuentes, C., Ramos, R., Toledano, C., Almansa, F., and Gröbner, J.: Aerosol optical depth comparison between GAW-PFR and AERONET-Cimel radiometers from long-term (2005–2015) 1 min synchronous measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4309–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4309-2019, 2019.
Di Bernardino, A., Iannarelli, A. M., Casadio, S., Mevi, G., Campanelli, M.,
Casasanta, G., Cede, A., Tiefengraber, M., Siani, A. M., Spinei, E., and
Cacciani, M.: On the effect of sea breeze regime on aerosols and gases
properties in the urban area of Rome, Italy, Urban Climate, 37, 100842,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100842, 2021.
Diémoz, H., Siani, A. M., Casadio, S., Iannarelli, A. M., Casale, G. R., Savastiouk, V., Cede, A., Tiefengraber, M., and Müller, M.: Advanced NO2 retrieval technique for the Brewer spectrophotometer applied to the 20-year record in Rome, Italy, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4929–4950, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4929-2021, 2021.
Di Ianni, A., Costabile, F., Barnaba, F., Di Liberto, L., Weinhold, K., Wiedensohler, A., Struckmeier, C., Drewnick, F., and Gobbi, G. P.: Black Carbon Aerosol in Rome (Italy): Inference of a Long-Term (2001–2017) Record and Related Trends from AERONET Sun-Photometry Data, Atmosphere, 9, 81,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9030081, 2018.
Di Tomaso, E., Escribano, J., Basart, S., Ginoux, P., Macchia, F., Barnaba, F., Benincasa, F., Bretonnière, P.-A., Buñuel, A., Castrillo, M., Cuevas, E., Formenti, P., Gonçalves, M., Jorba, O., Klose, M., Mona, L., Montané Pinto, G., Mytilinaios, M., Obiso, V., Olid, M., Schutgens, N., Votsis, A., Werner, E., and Pérez García-Pando, C.: The MONARCH high-resolution reanalysis of desert dust aerosol over Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe (2007–2016), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2785–2816, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2785-2022, 2022.
Doppler, L., Carbajal-Henken, C., Pelon, J., Ravetta, F., and Fischer, J.:
Extension of radiative transfer code MOMO, matrix-operator model to the
thermal infrared–Clear air validation by comparison to RTTOV and
application to CALIPSO-IIR, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 144, 49–67, 2014a.
Doppler, L., Preusker, R., Bennartz, R., and Fischer, J.: k-bin and k-IR:
k-distribution methods without correlation approximation for non-fixed
instrument response function and extension to the thermal
infrared – Applications to satellite remote sensing, J. Quant.
Spectrosc. Ra., 133, 382–395, 2014b.
Drosoglou, T., Bais, A. F., Zyrichidou, I., Kouremeti, N., Poupkou, A., Liora, N., Giannaros, C., Koukouli, M. E., Balis, D., and Melas, D.: Comparisons of ground-based tropospheric NO2 MAX-DOAS measurements to satellite observations with the aid of an air quality model over the Thessaloniki area, Greece, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5829–5849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5829-2017, 2017.
Dubovik, O.: Optimization of Numerical Inversion in Photopolarimetric Remote
Sensing, in: Photopolarimetry in Remote Sensing, edited by: Videen, G.,
Yatskiv, Y., and Mishchenko, M., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the
Netherlands, 65–106, https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2368-5_3, 2004.
Dubovik, O. and King, M. D.: A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of
aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements, J.
Geophys. Res., 105, 20673–20696, 2000.
Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., King, M. D., Kaufman, Y. J., Eck,
T. F., and Slutsker, I.: Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties
retrieved from AERONET Sun and sky-radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res.,
105, 9791–9806, 2000.
Dubovik, O., Herman, M., Holdak, A., Lapyonok, T., Tanré, D., Deuzé, J. L., Ducos, F., Sinyuk, A., and Lopatin, A.: Statistically optimized inversion algorithm for enhanced retrieval of aerosol properties from spectral multi-angle polarimetric satellite observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 975–1018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-975-2011, 2011.
Dubovik, O., Fuertes, D., Litvinov, P., Lopatin, A., Lapyonok, T., Doubovik, I., Xu, F., Ducos, F., Chen, C., Torres, B., Derimian, Y., Li, L., Herreras-Giralda, M., Herrera, M., Karol, Y., Matar, C., Schuster, G. L., Espinosa, R., Puthukkudy, A., Li, Z., Fischer, J., Preusker, R., Cuesta, J., Kreuter, A., Cede, A., Aspetsberger, M., Marth, D.,Bindreiter, L., Hangler, A., Lanzinger, V., Holter, C., and Federspiel, C.: A comprehensive description of multi-term LSM for applying
multiple a priori constraints in problems of atmospheric remote sensing:
GRASP algorithm, concept, and applications, Front. Remote Sens., 2, 706851, https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2021.706851, 2021.
Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Reid, J. S., Dubovik, O., Kinne, S., Smirnov, A.,
O'Neill, N. T., and Slutsker, I.: The wavelength dependence of the optical
depth of biomass burning, urban and desert dust aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.,
104, 31333–31350, 1999.
Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Ward, D. E., Mukelabai, M. M., Dubovik, O.,
Smirnov, A., Schafer, J. S., Hsu, N. C., Piketh, S. J., Queface, A., and
Roux, J. L.: Variability of biomass burning aerosol optical characteristics
in southern Africa during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign and a
comparison of single scattering albedo estimates from radiometric
measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 2156–2202,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002321, 2003.
ESA: Copernicus Sentinel-5P (processed by ESA), TROPOMI Level 2 Nitrogen Dioxide total column products, Version 02, European Space Agency [data set], https://doi.org/10.5270/S5P-9bnp8q8, 2021.
Eskes, H. J. and Eichmann, K.-U.: S5P Mission Performance Centre Nitrogen
Dioxide [L2__NO2___] Readme, issue 2.2, version 02.04.00, 21 pp., 17 November 2021, https://sentinel.esa.int/documents/247904/3541451/Sentinel-5P-Nitrogen-Dioxide-Level-2-Product-Readme-File
(last access: 21 October 2022), 2022.
Eskes, H., van Geffen, J., Boersma, F., Eichmann, K.-U., Apituley, A.,
Pedergnana, M., Sneep, M., Veefkind, J. P., and Loyola, D.: Sentinel-5
precursor/TROPOMI Level 2 Product User Manual Nitrogendioxide, Tech. Rep.
S5PKNMI-L2-0021-MA, Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI),
CI-7570-PUM, issue 4.1.0, https://sentinel.esa.int/documents/247904/2474726/Sentinel-5P-Level-2-Product-User-Manual-Nitrogen-Dioxide.pdf
(last access: 21 October 2022), 2022.
Espinosa, W. R., Remer, L. A., Dubovik, O., Ziemba, L., Beyersdorf, A., Orozco, D., Schuster, G., Lapyonok, T., Fuertes, D., and Martins, J. V.: Retrievals of aerosol optical and microphysical properties from Imaging Polar Nephelometer scattering measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 811–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-811-2017, 2017.
Espinosa, W. R., Martins, J. V., Remer, L. A., Dubovik, O., Lapyonok, T., Fuertes, D., Puthukkudy, A., Orozco, D., Ziemba, L., Thornhill, K. L., and Levy, R.: Retrievals of Aerosol Size Distribution, Spherical
Fraction, and Complex Refractive Index from Airborne In Situ Angular Light
Scattering and Absorption Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 124,
7997–8024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030009, 2019.
Estellés, V., Campanelli, M., Smyth, T. J., Utrillas, M. P., and Martínez-Lozano, J. A.: Evaluation of the new ESR network software for the retrieval of direct sun products from CIMEL CE318 and PREDE POM01 sun-sky radiometers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11619–11630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11619-2012, 2012.
Fan, C., Li, Z., Li, Y., Dong, J., van der A, R., and de Leeuw, G.: Variability of NO2 concentrations over China and effect on air quality derived from satellite and ground-based observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7723–7748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7723-2021, 2021.
Flynn, C. M., Pickering, K. E., Crawford, J. H., Lamsal, L., Krotkov, N.,
Herman, J., Weinheimer, A., Chen, G., Liu, X., Szykman, J., Tsay, S.-C.,
Loughner, C., Hains, J., Lee, P., Dickerson, R. R., Stehr, J. W., and Brent,
L.: Relationship between column-density and surface mixing ratio:
Statistical analysis of O3 and NO2 data from the July 2011
Maryland DISCOVER-AQ mission, Atmos. Environ., 92, 429–441,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.041, 2014.
Giles, D. M., Sinyuk, A., Sorokin, M. G., Schafer, J. S., Smirnov, A., Slutsker, I., Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Lewis, J. R., Campbell, J. R., Welton, E. J., Korkin, S. V., and Lyapustin, A. I.: Advancements in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Version 3 database – automated near-real-time quality control algorithm with improved cloud screening for Sun photometer aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 169–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-169-2019, 2019.
Gkikas, A., Proestakis, E., Amiridis, V., Kazadzis, S., Di Tomaso, E., Tsekeri, A., Marinou, E., Hatzianastassiou, N., and Pérez García-Pando, C.: ModIs Dust AeroSol (MIDAS): a global fine-resolution dust optical depth data set, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 309–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-309-2021, 2021.
Gobbi, G. P., Angelini, F., Barnaba, F., Costabile, F., Baldasano, J. M., Basart, S., Sozzi, R., and Bolignano, A.: Changes in particulate matter physical properties during Saharan advections over Rome (Italy): a four-year study, 2001–2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7395–7404, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7395-2013, 2013.
Gobbi, G. P., Barnaba, F., Di Liberto, L., Bolignano, A., Lucarelli, F.,
Nava, S., Perrino, C., Pietrodangelo, A., Basart, S., Costabile, F.,
Dionisi, D., Rizza, U., Canepari, S., Sozzi, R., Morelli, M., Manigrasso,
M., Drewnick, F., Struckmeier, C., Poenitz, K., and Wille, H.: An inclusive view of Saharan dust advections to Italy and the Central Mediterranean,
Atmos. Environ., 201, 242–256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.002, 2019.
Green, M., Kondragunta, S., Ciren, P., and Xu, C.: Comparison of GOES and MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) to aerosol robotic network (AERONET) AOD and IMPROVE PM2.5 mass at Bondville, Illinois, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 59, 1082–1091, https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.9.1082, 2009.
Herman, J., Cede, A., Spinei, E., Mount, G., Tzortziou, M., and Abuhassan,
N.: NO2 column amounts from ground-based Pandora and MFDOAS
spectrometers using the direct-sun DOAS technique: Intercomparisons and
application to OMI validation, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D13307,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011848, 2009.
Herman, J., Spinei, E., Fried, A., Kim, J., Kim, J., Kim, W., Cede, A., Abuhassan, N., and Segal-Rozenhaimer, M.: NO2 and HCHO measurements in Korea from 2012 to 2016 from Pandora spectrometer instruments compared with OMI retrievals and with aircraft measurements during the KORUS-AQ campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4583–4603, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4583-2018, 2018.
Herman, J., Abuhassan, N., Kim, J., Kim, J., Dubey, M., Raponi, M., and Tzortziou, M.: Underestimation of column NO2 amounts from the OMI satellite compared to diurnally varying ground-based retrievals from multiple PANDORA spectrometer instruments, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5593–5612, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5593-2019, 2019.
Herreras, M., Román, R., Cazorla, A., Toledano, C., Lyamani, H., Torres, B., Cachorro, V. E., Olmo, F. J., Alados-Arboledas, L., and de Frutos, A. M.: Evaluation of Retrieved Aerosol Extinction Profiles Using as
Reference the Aerosol Optical Depth Differences between Various Heights,
Atmos. Res., 230, 104625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104625, 2019.
Hobbs, P. V.: Chapter 2 Aerosol-Cloud Interactions, Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, Int. Geophys. Ser., 54, 33–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-6142(08)60211-9, 1993.
Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I. A., Tanre, D., Buis, J. P., Setzer, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Nakajim, T., Lavenu, F., Jankowiak, I., and Smirnov A.: AERONET – A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1–16,
1998.
Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S.-C., King, M. D., and Herman, J. R.: Aerosol Properties
Over Bright-Reflecting Source Regions, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 42,
557–569, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.824067, 2004.
Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S.-C., King, M. D., and Herman, J. R.: Deep Blue
Retrievals of Asian Aerosol Properties During ACE-Asia, IEEE T. Geosci.
Remote, 44, 3180–3195, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.879540, 2006.
Hsu, N. C., Jeong, M.-J., Bettenhausen, C., Sayer, A. M., Hansell, R.,
Seftor, C. S., Huang, J., and Tsay, S.-C.: Enhanced Deep Blue aerosol
retrieval algorithm: The second generation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
9296–9315, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50712, 2013.
Iannarelli, A. M., Di Bernardino, A., Casadio, S., Bassani, C., Cacciani,
M., Campanelli, M., Casasanta, G., Cadau, E., Diémoz, H., Mevi, G.,
Siani, A. M., Cardaci, M., Dehn, A., and Goryl, P.: The Boundary Layer Air
Quality-Analysis Using Network of Instruments (BAQUNIN) Supersite for
Atmospheric Research and Satellite Validation over Rome Area, B. Am.
Meteorol. Soc., 103, E599–E618, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0099.1, 2021.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, in press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, 2021.
ISTAT: Annual demographic balance 2021, Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT),
http://demo.istat.it/bilmens/query.php?anno=2021&lingua=ita&Rip=S3&Reg=R12&Pro=P058&Com=91&submit=Tavola (last access: 21 August 2022), 2021.
Jethva, H., Torres, O., and Ahn, C.: Global assessment of OMI aerosol
single-scattering albedo using ground-based AERONET inversion, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 119, 9020–9040, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021672, 2014.
Kazadzis, S., Raptis, P., Kouremeti, N., Amiridis, V., Arola, A., Gerasopoulos, E., and Schuster, G. L.: Aerosol absorption retrieval at ultraviolet wavelengths in a complex environment, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5997–6011, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5997-2016, 2016.
Kazadzis, S., Kouremeti, N., Nyeki, S., Gröbner, J., and Wehrli, C.: The World Optical Depth Research and Calibration Center (WORCC) quality assurance and quality control of GAW-PFR AOD measurements, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 7, 39–53, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-39-2018, 2018a.
Kazadzis, S., Kouremeti, N., Diémoz, H., Gröbner, J., Forgan, B. W., Campanelli, M., Estellés, V., Lantz, K., Michalsky, J., Carlund, T., Cuevas, E., Toledano, C., Becker, R., Nyeki, S., Kosmopoulos, P. G., Tatsiankou, V., Vuilleumier, L., Denn, F. M., Ohkawara, N., Ijima, O., Goloub, P., Raptis, P. I., Milner, M., Behrens, K., Barreto, A., Martucci, G., Hall, E., Wendell, J., Fabbri, B. E., and Wehrli, C.: Results from the Fourth WMO Filter Radiometer Comparison for aerosol optical depth measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3185–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3185-2018, 2018b.
King, M. D. and Dubovik, O.: Determination of Aerosol Optical Properties
from Inverse Methods, Aerosol Remote Sensing, edited by: Lenoble, J., Remer, L., and Tanré, D., Springer, Praxis Publishers, Chischester, UK, 101–136, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17725-5_5, 2013.
Kreher, K., Van Roozendael, M., Hendrick, F., Apituley, A., Dimitropoulou, E., Frieß, U., Richter, A., Wagner, T., Lampel, J., Abuhassan, N., Ang, L., Anguas, M., Bais, A., Benavent, N., Bösch, T., Bognar, K., Borovski, A., Bruchkouski, I., Cede, A., Chan, K. L., Donner, S., Drosoglou, T., Fayt, C., Finkenzeller, H., Garcia-Nieto, D., Gielen, C., Gómez-Martín, L., Hao, N., Henzing, B., Herman, J. R., Hermans, C., Hoque, S., Irie, H., Jin, J., Johnston, P., Khayyam Butt, J., Khokhar, F., Koenig, T. K., Kuhn, J., Kumar, V., Liu, C., Ma, J., Merlaud, A., Mishra, A. K., Müller, M., Navarro-Comas, M., Ostendorf, M., Pazmino, A., Peters, E., Pinardi, G., Pinharanda, M., Piters, A., Platt, U., Postylyakov, O., Prados-Roman, C., Puentedura, O., Querel, R., Saiz-Lopez, A., Schönhardt, A., Schreier, S. F., Seyler, A., Sinha, V., Spinei, E., Strong, K., Tack, F., Tian, X., Tiefengraber, M., Tirpitz, J.-L., van Gent, J., Volkamer, R., Vrekoussis, M., Wang, S., Wang, Z., Wenig, M., Wittrock, F., Xie, P. H., Xu, J., Yela, M., Zhang, C., and Zhao, X.: Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV–visible spectrometers during CINDI-2, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2169–2208, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2169-2020, 2020.
Lambert, J.-C., Keppens, A., Compernolle, S., Eichmann, K.-U., de Graaf, M.,
Hubert, D., Kleipool, Q., Langerock, B., Sha, M. K., Verhoelst, T., Wagner, T., Ahn, C., Argyrouli, A., Balis, D., Chan, K. L., De Smedt, I., Eskes, H.,
Fjæraa, A. M., Garane, K., Gleason, J. F., Goutail, F., Granville, J., Hedelt, P., Heue, K.-P., Jaross, G., Koukouli, M. L., Landgraf, J., Lutz, R., Nanda, S., Niemeijer, S., Pazmiño, A., Pinardi, G., Pommereau, J.-P., Richter, A., Rozemeijer, N., Sneep, M., Stein Zweers, D., Theys, N., Tilstra, G., Torres, O., Valks, P., van Geffen, J., Vigouroux, C., Wang, P., and Weber, M.: Quarterly Validation Report of the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor Operational Data Products #13: April 2018–December 2021, S5P MPC Routine Operations Consolidated Validation Report series, issue #13, version 13.01.00, 189 pp., 17 December 2021, https://mpc-vdaf.tropomi.eu/ProjectDir/reports//pdf/S5P-MPC-IASB-ROCVR-13.00.10-20211217_signed.pdf (last access: 12 February 2023), 2021.
Lamsal, L. N., Janz, S. J., Krotkov, N. A., Pickering, K. E., Spurr, R. J.
D., Kowalewski, M. G., Loughner, C. P., Crawford, J. H., Swartz, W. H., and
Herman, J. R.: High-resolution NO2 observations from the Airborne
Compact Atmospheric Mapper: Retrieval and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 122,
1953–1970, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025483, 2017.
Lelieveld, J., Evans, J. S., Fnais, M., Giannadaki, D., and Pozzer, A.: The
contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a
global scale, Nature, 525, 367–371, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15371, 2015.
Levy, R., Hsu, C., Sayer, A., Mattoo, S., and Lee, J.: MODIS/Terra, MODIS Atmosphere L2 Aerosol Product, NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD04_L2.061, 2017a.
Levy, R., Hsu, C., Sayer, A., Mattoo, S., and Lee, J.: MODIS/Aqua, MODIS Atmosphere L2 Aerosol Product, NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD04_L2.061, 2017b.
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Kleidman, R. G., Mattoo, S., Ichoku, C., Kahn, R., and Eck, T. F.: Global evaluation of the Collection 5 MODIS dark-target aerosol products over land, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10399–10420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10399-2010, 2010.
Levy, R. C., Mattoo, S., Munchak, L. A., Remer, L. A., Sayer, A. M., Patadia, F., and Hsu, N. C.: The Collection 6 MODIS aerosol products over land and ocean, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2989–3034, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2989-2013, 2013.
Li, J., Carlson, B. E., and Lacis, A. A.: How well do satellite AOD observations represent the spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 concentration for the United States?, Atmos. Environ., 102, 260–273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.010, 2015.
Logothetis, S.-A., Salamalikis, V., Gkikas, A., Kazadzis, S., Amiridis, V., and Kazantzidis, A.: 15-year variability of desert dust optical depth on global and regional scales, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16499–16529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16499-2021, 2021.
Lopatin, A., Dubovik, O., Chaikovsky, A., Goloub, P., Lapyonok, T., Tanré, D., and Litvinov, P.: Enhancement of aerosol characterization using synergy of lidar and sun-photometer coincident observations: the GARRLiC algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2065–2088, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2065-2013, 2013.
Lopatin, A., Dubovik, O., Fuertes, D., Stenchikov, G., Lapyonok, T., Veselovskii, I., Wienhold, F. G., Shevchenko, I., Hu, Q., and Parajuli, S.: Synergy processing of diverse ground-based remote sensing and in situ data using the GRASP algorithm: applications to radiometer, lidar and radiosonde observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2575–2614, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2575-2021, 2021.
Martins, D. K., Najjar, R. G., Tzortziou, M., Abuhassan, N., Thompson, A.
M., and Kollonige, D. E.: Spatial and temporal variability of ground and
satellite column measurements of NO2 and O3 over the Atlantic
Ocean during the Deposition of Atmospheric Nitrogen to Coastal Ecosystems
Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 14175–14187,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024998, 2016.
Molina, C., Toro, A. R., Manzano, C. A., Canepari, S., Massimi, L., and
Leiva-Guzmán, M. A.: Airborne Aerosols and Human Health: Leapfrogging from Mass Concentration to Oxidative Potential, Atmosphere, 11, 917,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090917, 2020.
Müller, M., Gebetsberger, M., Tiefengraber, M., and Cede, A.: LuftBlick
Report 2019003, Fiducial Reference Measurementsfor Air Quality, Calibration
Procedures Document, Tech. rep., LuftBlick,
https://www.pandonia-global-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/LuftBlick_FRM4AQ_CPD_RP_2019003_v4.0.pdf (last access: 22 April 2022), 2020.
Nakajima, T., Tonna, G., Rao, R., Boi, P., Kaufman, Y., and Holben, B.: Use
of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of
particlulate polydispersions, Appl. Optics, 35, 2672–2686, 1996.
Nakajima, T., Campanelli, M., Che, H., Estellés, V., Irie, H., Kim, S.-W., Kim, J., Liu, D., Nishizawa, T., Pandithurai, G., Soni, V. K., Thana, B., Tugjsurn, N.-U., Aoki, K., Go, S., Hashimoto, M., Higurashi, A., Kazadzis, S., Khatri, P., Kouremeti, N., Kudo, R., Marenco, F., Momoi, M., Ningombam, S. S., Ryder, C. L., Uchiyama, A., and Yamazaki, A.: An overview of and issues with sky radiometer technology and SKYNET, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4195–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4195-2020, 2020.
Park, J.-U., Park, J.-S., Santana Diaz, D., Gebetsberger, M., Müller, M.,
Shalaby, L., Tiefengraber, M., Kim, H.-J, Park, S.-S., Song, C.-K., and Kim,
S.-W.: Spatiotemporal inhomogeneity of total column NO2 in a polluted
urban area inferred from TROPOMI and Pandora intercomparisons, GISci.
Remote Sens., 59, 354–373, https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2022.2026640,
2022.
PGN: Pandonia Global Network (PGN) data archive, PGN [data set], http://data.pandonia-global-network.org/, last access: 9 June 2023.
Platt, U.: Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), in: Air
Monitoring by Spectroscopic Techniques, Chem. Anal. Ser. 127, John Wiley,
New York, 27–84, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a0706, 1994.
Platt, U. and Stutz, J.: Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy:
Principles and Applications, Springer, Germany, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-540-75776-4, 2008.
Remer, L., Kaufman, Y., Tanre, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D., Martins, J., Li, R.-R., Ichoku, C., Levy, R. C., Kleidman, R. G., Eck, T. F., Vermote, E., and Holben, B. N.: The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products, and validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3385.1, 2005.
Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., Nüszlig, H., Granier, C., and Niemeier, U.:
Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space
(and supplementary discussion on: Error estimates for changes in
tropospheric NO2 columns as derived from satellite measurements),
Nature, 437, 129–132, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04092, 2005.
Román, R., Torres, B., Fuertes, D., Cachorro, V., Dubovik, O., Toledano,
C., Cazorla, A., Barreto, A., Bosch, J., Lapyonok, T., González, R.,
Goloub, P., Perrone, M., Olmo, F., de Frutos, A., and Alados-Arboledas, L.:
Remote sensing of lunar aureole with a sky camera: Adding information in the
nocturnal retrieval of aerosol properties with GRASP code, Remote Sens.
Environ., 196, 238–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.05.013, 2017.
Román, R., Benavent-Oltra, J. A., Casquero-Vera, J. A., Lopatin, A.,
Cazorla, A., Lyamani, H., Denjean, C., Fuertes, D., Pérez-Ramírez,
D., Torres, B., Toledano, C., Dubovik, O., Cachorro, V. E., de Frutos, A.,
Olmo, F. J., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Retrieval of aerosol profiles
combining sunphotometer and ceilometer measurements in GRASP code, Atmos.
Res., 204, 161–177, 2018.
Román, R., Antuña-Sánchez, J. C., Cachorro, V. E., Toledano, C., Torres, B., Mateos, D., Fuertes, D., López, C., González, R., Lapionok, T., Herreras-Giralda, M., Dubovik, O., and de Frutos, Á. M.: Retrieval of aerosol properties using relative radiance measurements from an all-sky camera, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 407–433, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-407-2022, 2022.
Rosenfeld, D., Andreae, M. O., Asmi, A., Chin, M., de Leeuw, G., Donovan
D. P., Kahn, R., Kinne, S., Kivekäs, N., Kulmala, M., Lau, W., Schmidt,
K. S., Suni, T., Wagner, T., Wild, M., and Quaas, J.: Global observations of
aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate interactions, Rev. Geophys., 52,
750–808, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000441, 2014.
Schuster, G. L., Espinosa, W. R., Ziemba, L. D., Beyersdorf, A. J., Rocha-Lima, A., Anderson, B. E., Martins, J. V., Dubovik, O., Ducos, F., Fuertes, D., Lapyonok, T., Shook, M., Derimian, Y., and Moore, R. H.: A Laboratory Experiment for the Statistical Evaluation
of Aerosol Retrieval (STEAR) Algorithms, Remote Sens., 11, 498,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050498, 2019.
Schuster, G. L., Dubovik, O., and Holben, B. N.: Angstrom exponent and
bimodal aerosol size distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D07207,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006328, 2006.
Sherman, J. P., Gupta, P., Levy, R. C., and Sherman, P. J.: An Evaluation of
MODIS-Retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth over a Mountainous AERONET Site in the
Southeastern US, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 16, 3243–3255,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.09.0568, 2016.
Sinyuk, A., Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Giles, D. M., Slutsker, I., Korkin, S., Schafer, J. S., Smirnov, A., Sorokin, M., and Lyapustin, A.: The AERONET Version 3 aerosol retrieval algorithm, associated uncertainties and comparisons to Version 2, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3375–3411, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3375-2020, 2020.
SKYNET: Interntaional SKYNET Data Center (ISDC), SKYNET [data set], https://www.skynet-isdc.org/data.php, last access: 9 June 2023.
Solomon, S., Garcia, R. R., Rowland, F. S., and Wuebbles, D. J.: On the
depletion of Antarctic ozone, Nature, 321, 755–758,
https://doi.org/10.1038/321755a0, 1986.
Torres, B., Dubovik, O., Fuertes, D., Schuster, G., Cachorro, V. E., Lapyonok, T., Goloub, P., Blarel, L., Barreto, A., Mallet, M., Toledano, C., and Tanré, D.: Advanced characterisation of aerosol size properties from measurements of spectral optical depth using the GRASP algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3743–3781, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3743-2017, 2017.
Tzortziou, M., Herman, J. R., Cede, A., and Abuhassan, N.: High precision,
absolute total column ozone measurements from the Pandora spectrometer
system: Comparisons with data from a Brewer double monochromator and Aura
OMI, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D16303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017814, 2012.
Tzortziou, M., Herman, J. R., Ahmad, Z., Loughner, C. P., Abuhassan, N., and
Cede, A.: Atmospheric NO2 dynamics and impact on ocean color retrievals
in urban nearshore regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 3834–3854,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC009803, 2014.
Tzortziou, M., Herman, J. R., Cede, A., Loughner, C. P., Abuhassan, N., and
Naik, S.: Spatial and temporal variability of ozone and nitrogen dioxide
over a major urban estuarine ecosystem, J. Atmos. Chem., 72, 287–309,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-013-9255-8, 2015.
Valentini, S., Barnaba, F., Bernardoni, V., Calzolai, G., Costabile, F., Di
Liberto, L., Forello, A. C., Gobbi, G. P., Gualtieri, M., Lucarelli, F., Nava, S., Petralia, E., Valli, G., Wiedensohler, A., and Vecchi, R.: Classifying aerosol particles through the combination of optical and physical-chemical properties: Results from a wintertime campaign in Rome (Italy), Atmos. Res., 235, 104799, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104799, 2020.
van Geffen, J. H. G. M., Boersma, K. F., Van Roozendael, M., Hendrick, F., Mahieu, E., De Smedt, I., Sneep, M., and Veefkind, J. P.: Improved spectral fitting of nitrogen dioxide from OMI in the 405–465 nm window, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1685–1699, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1685-2015, 2015.
van Geffen, J. H. G. M., Eskes, H. J., Boersma, K. F., and Veefkind, J. P.: TROPOMI ATBD of the Total and Tropospheric NO2 Data Products, KNMI, S5P-KNMI-L2-0005-RP, CI-7430-ATBD, issue: 2.4.0, https://sentinel.esa.int/documents/247904/2476257/Sentinel-5P-TROPOMI-ATBD-NO2-data-products
(last access: 21 October 2022), 2022.
Weatherhead, E. C., Reinsel, G. C., Tiao, G. C., Meng, X.-L., Choi, D.,
Cheang, W.-K., Keller, T., DeLuisi, J., Wuebbles, D. J., Kerr, J. B., Miller,
A. J., Oltmans, S. J., and Frederick, J. E.: Factors affecting the detection of trends: Statistical considerations and applications to environmental data,
J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17149–17161, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00995, 1998.
Wei, J., Li, Z., Peng, Y., and Sun, L.: MODIS Collection 6.1 aerosol optical
depth products over land and ocean: validation and comparison, Atmos.
Environ., 201, 428–440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.004, 2019.
WMO: WMO/GAW Experts Workshop on a Global Surface-Based Network for Long
Term Observations of Column Aerosol Optical Properties, 8–10 March 2004, Davos, Switzerland, GAW Report No. 162, WMO TD No. 1287, https://library.wmo.int/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11094 (last access: 9 June 2023), 2005.
Yoon, J., von Hoyningen-Huene, W., Kokhanovsky, A. A., Vountas, M., and Burrows, J. P.: Trend analysis of aerosol optical thickness and Ångström exponent derived from the global AERONET spectral observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1271–1299, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1271-2012, 2012.
Zhang, J. and Reid, J. S.: A decadal regional and global trend analysis of the aerosol optical depth using a data-assimilation grade over-water MODIS and Level 2 MISR aerosol products, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10949–10963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10949-2010, 2010.
Zhao, X., Griffin, D., Fioletov, V., McLinden, C., Cede, A., Tiefengraber, M., Müller, M., Bognar, K., Strong, K., Boersma, F., Eskes, H., Davies, J., Ogyu, A., and Lee, S. C.: Assessment of the quality of TROPOMI high-spatial-resolution NO2 data products in the Greater Toronto Area, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2131–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2131-2020, 2020.
Short summary
Aerosol optical properties derived from sun photometers depend on the optical depth of trace gases absorbing solar radiation at specific spectral ranges. Various networks use satellite-based climatologies to account for this or neglect their effect. In this work, we evaluate the effect of NO2 absorption in aerosol retrievals from AERONET and SKYNET over two stations in Rome, Italy, with relatively high NO2 spatiotemporal variations, using NO2 data from the Pandora network and the TROPOMI sensor.
Aerosol optical properties derived from sun photometers depend on the optical depth of trace...
