Articles | Volume 17, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6751-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6751-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Nov 2024
Research article |
| 28 Nov 2024
| 28 Nov 2024
Description and validation of the Japanese algorithm for radiative flux and heating rate products with all four EarthCARE instruments: pre-launch test with A-Train
Akira Yamauchi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
Kentaroh Suzuki
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
Eiji Oikawa
Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
Miho Sekiguchi
Faculty of Marine Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Takashi M. Nagao
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
Haruma Ishida
Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
Related authors
Hajime Okamoto, Kaori Sato, Tomoaki Nishizawa, Yoshitaka Jin, Takashi Nakajima, Minrui Wang, Masaki Satoh, Kentaroh Suzuki, Woosub Roh, Akira Yamauchi, Hiroaki Horie, Yuichi Ohno, Yuichiro Hagihara, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Rei Kudo, Takuji Kubota, and Toshiyuki Tanaka
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-101, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-101, 2024
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
This article gives overviews of the JAXA L2 algorithms and products by Japanese science teams for EarthCARE. The algorithms provide corrected Doppler velocity, cloud particle shape and orientations, microphysics of clouds and aerosols, and radiative fluxes and heating rate. The retrievals by the algorithms are demonstrated and evaluated using NICAM/J-simulator outputs. The JAXA EarthCARE L2 products will bring new scientific knowledge about the clouds, aerosols, radiation and convections.
Takashi M. Nagao, Kentaroh Suzuki, and Makoto Kuji
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 773–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-773-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-773-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In satellite remote sensing, estimating cloud-base height (CBH) is more challenging than estimating cloud-top height because the cloud base is obscured by the cloud itself. We developed an algorithm using the specific channel (known as the oxygen A-band channel) of the SGLI on JAXA’s GCOM-C satellite to estimate CBHs together with other cloud properties. This algorithm can provide global distributions of CBH across various cloud types, including liquid, ice, and mixed-phase clouds.
Hajime Okamoto, Kaori Sato, Tomoaki Nishizawa, Yoshitaka Jin, Shota Ogawa, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Yuichiro Hagihara, EIji Oikawa, Maki Kikuchi, Masaki Satoh, and Wooosub Roh
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-103, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-103, 2024
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
The article gives the descriptions of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) level 2 (L2) cloud mask and cloud particle type algorithms for CPR and ATLID onboard Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite. The 355nm-multiple scattering polarization lidar was used to develop ATLID algorithm. Evaluations show the agreements for CPR-only, ATLID-only and CPR-ATLID synergy algorithms to be about 80%, 85% and 80%, respectively on average for about two EarthCARE orbits.
Hajime Okamoto, Kaori Sato, Tomoaki Nishizawa, Yoshitaka Jin, Takashi Nakajima, Minrui Wang, Masaki Satoh, Kentaroh Suzuki, Woosub Roh, Akira Yamauchi, Hiroaki Horie, Yuichi Ohno, Yuichiro Hagihara, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Rei Kudo, Takuji Kubota, and Toshiyuki Tanaka
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-101, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-101, 2024
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
This article gives overviews of the JAXA L2 algorithms and products by Japanese science teams for EarthCARE. The algorithms provide corrected Doppler velocity, cloud particle shape and orientations, microphysics of clouds and aerosols, and radiative fluxes and heating rate. The retrievals by the algorithms are demonstrated and evaluated using NICAM/J-simulator outputs. The JAXA EarthCARE L2 products will bring new scientific knowledge about the clouds, aerosols, radiation and convections.
Tomoaki Nishizawa, Rei Kudo, Eiji Oikawa, Akiko Higurashi, Yoshitaka Jin, Nobuo Sugimoto, Kaori Sato, and Hajime Okamoto
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-100, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-100, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
We developed algorithms to produce JAXA ATLID L2 aerosol products using ATLID L1 data. The algorithms estimate layer identifiers such as aerosol or cloud layers, (2) particle optical properties at 355 nm, (3) particle type identifiers, and (4) planetary boundary layer height. We demonstrated the algorithm performance using the simulated ATLID L1 data and found the algorithm’s capability to provide valuable insights into the global distribution of aerosols and clouds.
Charlotte M. Beall, Po-Lun Ma, Matthew W. Christensen, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Adam Varble, Kentaroh Suzuki, and Takuro Michibata
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5287–5302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5287-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Single-layer warm liquid clouds cover nearly one-third of the Earth's surface, and uncertainties regarding the impact of aerosols on their radiative properties pose a significant challenge to climate prediction. Here, we demonstrate how satellite observations can be used to constrain Earth system model estimates of the radiative forcing from the interactions of aerosols with clouds due to warm rain processes.
Daisuke Goto, Tatsuya Seiki, Kentaroh Suzuki, Hisashi Yashiro, and Toshihiko Takemura
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 651–684, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global climate models with coarse grid sizes include uncertainties about the processes in aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions. To reduce these uncertainties, here we performed numerical simulations using a new version of our global aerosol transport model with a finer grid size over a longer period than in our previous study. As a result, we found that the cloud microphysics module influences the aerosol distributions through both aerosol wet deposition and aerosol–cloud interactions.
Rei Kudo, Akiko Higurashi, Eiji Oikawa, Masahiro Fujikawa, Hiroshi Ishimoto, and Tomoaki Nishizawa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3835–3863, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A synergistic retrieval method of aerosol components (water-soluble, light-absorbing, dust, and sea salt particles) from CALIOP and MODIS observations was developed. The total global 3-D distributions and those for each component showed good consistency with the CALIOP and MODIS official products and previous studies. The shortwave direct radiative effects of each component at the top and bottom of the atmosphere and for the heating rate were also consistent with previous studies.
Minrui Wang, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Woosub Roh, Masaki Satoh, Kentaroh Suzuki, Takuji Kubota, and Mayumi Yoshida
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 603–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-603-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-603-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
SMILE (a spectral misalignment in which a shift in the center wavelength appears as a distortion in the spectral image) was detected during our recent work. To evaluate how it affects the cloud retrieval products, we did a simulation of EarthCARE-MSI forward radiation, evaluating the error in simulated scenes from a global cloud system-resolving model and a satellite simulator. Our results indicated that the error from SMILE was generally small and negligible for oceanic scenes.
Rei Kudo, Henri Diémoz, Victor Estellés, Monica Campanelli, Masahiro Momoi, Franco Marenco, Claire L. Ryder, Osamu Ijima, Akihiro Uchiyama, Kouichi Nakashima, Akihiro Yamazaki, Ryoji Nagasawa, Nozomu Ohkawara, and Haruma Ishida
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3395–3426, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3395-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3395-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new method, Skyrad pack MRI version 2, was developed to retrieve aerosol physical and optical properties, water vapor, and ozone column concentrations from the sky radiometer, a filter radiometer deployed in the SKYNET international network. Our method showed good performance in a radiative closure study using surface solar irradiances from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network and a comparison using aircraft in situ measurements of Saharan dust events during the SAVEX-D 2015 campaign.
Mayumi Yoshida, Keiya Yumimoto, Takashi M. Nagao, Taichu Y. Tanaka, Maki Kikuchi, and Hiroshi Murakami
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1797–1813, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1797-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1797-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new aerosol satellite retrieval algorithm combining a numerical aerosol forecast. This is the first study that utilizes the assimilated model forecast of aerosol as an a priori estimate of the retrieval. Aerosol retrievals were improved by effectively incorporating both model and satellite information. By using the assimilated forecast as an a priori estimate, information from previous observations can be propagated to future retrievals, thus leading to better retrieval accuracy.
Takuro Michibata, Kentaroh Suzuki, and Toshihiko Takemura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13771–13780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13771-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13771-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work reveals that prognostic precipitation significantly reduces the magnitude of aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFaci), mainly due to the collection process associated with snowflakes and underlying cloud droplets. This precipitation-driven buffering effect, which is missing in traditional GCMs, can explain the model–observation discrepancy in ERFaci. These results underscore the necessity for a prognostic precipitation framework in GCMs for more reliable climate simulations.
Cited articles
Austin, R. T., Heymsfield, A. J., and Stephens, G. L.: Retrieval of ice cloud microphysical parameters using the CloudSat millimeter-wave radar and temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00A23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010049, 2009.
Barkstrom, B. R.: The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 65, 1170–1185, 1984.
Bloom, S., da Silva, A., and Dee, D.: Documentation and validation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation system version 4, Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 1–187, 2005.
Cole, J. N. S., Barker, H. W., Qu, Z., Villefranque, N., and Shephard, M. W.: Broadband radiative quantities for the EarthCARE mission: the ACM-COM and ACM-RT products, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4271–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4271-2023, 2023.
Eisinger, M., Marnas, F., Wallace, K., Kubota, T., Tomiyama, N., Ohno, Y., Tanaka, T., Tomita, E., Wehr, T., and Bernaerts, D.: The EarthCARE mission: science data processing chain overview, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 839–862, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-839-2024, 2024.
ESA: The Five Candidate Earth Explorer Missions: EarthCARE – Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer, ESA SP-1257(1), ESA Publications Division, Noordwijk, the Netherlands, 2001.
Fasullo, J. T. and Trenberth, K. E.: The annual cycle of the energy budget. Part I: Global mean and land-ocean exchanges, J. Climate, 21, 2297–2313, 2008a.
Fasullo, J. T. and Trenberth, K. E.: The annual cycle of the energy budget. Part II: Meridional structures and poleward ransports, J. Climate, 21, 2314–2326, 2008b.
Ham, S.-H., Kato, S., Rose, F. G., Winker, D., L'Ecuyer, T., Mace, G. G., Painemal, D., Sun-Mack, S., Chen, Y., and Miller, W. F.: Cloud occurrences and cloud radiative effects (CREs) from CCCM and CloudSat radar-lidar products, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 8852–8884, 2017.
Hang, Y., L'Ecuyer, T. S., Henderson, D., Matuss, A. V., and Wang, Z.: Reassessing the role of cloud type in Earth's radiation budget after a decade of active spaceborne observations. Part II: Atmospheric heating, J. Climate, 32, 6219–6236, 2019.
Hartmann, D. L. and Short, D. A.: On the use of Earth radiation budget statistics for studies of clouds and climate, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1233–1250, 1980.
Haynes, J. M., Vonder Haar, T. H., L'Ecuyer, T. S., and Henderson, D.: Radiative heating characteristics of Earth's cloudy atmosphere from vertically resolved active sensors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 624–630, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50145, 2013.
Henderson, D. S., L'ecuyer, T., Stephens, G., Partain, P., and Sekiguchi, M.: A multisensor perspective on the radiative impacts of clouds and aerosols, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 52, 853–871, 2013.
Illingworth, A. J., Barker, H. W., Beljaars, A., Ceccaldi, M., Chepfer, H., Clerbaux, N., Cole, J., Delanoë, J.,, Domenech, C., Donovan, D. P., Fukuda, S., Hirakata, M., Hogan, R. J., Huenerbein, A., Kollias, P., Kubota, T., Nakajima, T., Nakajima, T. Y., Nishizawa, T., Ohno, Y., Okamoto, H., Oki, R., Sato, K., Satoh, M., Shephard, M. W., Velázquez-Blázquez, A., Wandinger, U., Wehr, T., and van Zadelhoff, G. J.: The earthcare satellite: The next step forward in global measurements of clouds, aerosols, precipitation, and radiation, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1311–1332, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00227.1, 2015.
Ishimoto, H., Zaizen, Y., Uchiyama, A., Masuda, K., and Mano, Y.: Shape modeling of mineral dust particles for light-scattering calculations using the spatial Poisson–Voronoi tessellation, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 111, 2434–2443, 2010.
JAXA: JAXA A-Train Product Monitor, JAXA [data set], https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/EARTHCARE/research_product/ecare_monitor.html, last access: 15 November 2024.
Kato, S., Rose, F. G., Sun-Mack, S., Miller, W. F., Chen, Y., Rutan, D. A., Stephens, G. L., Loeb, N. G., Minnis, P., Wielicki, B. A., Winker, D., Charlock, T. P., Stackhouse Jr., P. W., Xu, K., and Collins, W. D.: Improvements of top-of-atmosphere and surface irradiance computations with CALIPSO-, CloudSat-, and MODIS-derived cloud and aerosol properties, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D19209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016050, 2011.
Kikuchi, M., Oki, R., Kubota, T., Yoshida, M., Hagihara, Y., Takahashi, C., Ohno, Y., Nishizawa, T., Nakajima, T. Y., Suzuki, K., Satoh, M., Okamoto, H., and Tomita, E.: Overview of Earth, Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) – Integrative Observation of Cloud and Aerosol and Their Radiative Effects on the Climate System, J. Remote Sens. Soc. Japan, 39, 181–196, https://doi.org/10.11440/rssj.39.181, 2019 (in Japanese).
Kudo, R., Higurashi, A., Oikawa, E., Fujikawa, M., Ishimoto, H., and Nishizawa, T.: Global 3-D distribution of aerosol composition by synergistic use of CALIOP and MODIS observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3835–3863, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3835-2023, 2023.
Kyle, H. L., Ardanuy, P. E., and Hurley, E. J.: The Status of the Nimbus-7 Earth-Radiation-Budget Data Set, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 66, 1378–1388, 1985.
L'Ecuyer, T. S. and Jiang, J.: Touring the Atmosphere Aboard the A-Train, Phys. Today, 63, 36–41, 2010.
L'Ecuyer, T. S., Wood N. Haladay T., Stephens G. L., and Stackhouse Jr., P. W.: Impact of clouds on atmospheric heating based on the R04 CloudSat fluxes and heating rates data set, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00A15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009951, 2008.
L'Ecuyer, T. S., Hang, Y., Matus, A. V., and Wang, Z.: Reassessing the role of cloud type in Earth's radiation budget after a decade of active spaceborne observations. Part I: Top of atmosphere and surface, J. Climate, 32, 6197–6217, 2019.
Li, J., Huang, J., Stamnes, K., Wang, T., Lv, Q., and Jin, H.: A global survey of cloud overlap based on CALIPSO and CloudSat measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 519–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-519-2015, 2015.
Liebmann, B. and Hartmann D. L.: Interannual variations of outgoing IR associated with tropical circulation changes during 1974–1978, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1153–1162, 1982.
Matus, A. and L'Ecuyer, T. S.: The role of cloud phase in Earth's radiation budget, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 2559–2578, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025951, 2017.
Matus, A. V., L'Ecuyer, T. S., Henderson, D. S., and Takemura, T.: New global estimates of aerosol direct radiative effects, kernels, and forcing, from active satellite observations, Geophys. Res. Letters 46, 8338–8346, 2019.
Nakajima, T., Tsukamoto M., Tsushima Y., Numaguti A., and Kimura T.: Modeling of the radiative process in an atmospheric general circulation model, Appl. Opt., 39, 4869–4878, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.39.004869, 2000.
Nakajima, T. Y. and Nakajima T.: Wide-Area Determination of Cloud Microphysical Properties from NOAA AVHRR Measurements for FIRE and ASTEX Regions, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4043–4059, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<4043:WADOCM>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Nakajima, T. Y., Ishida, H., Nagao, T. M., Hori, M., Letu, H., Higuchi, R., Tamaru, N., Imoto, N., and Yamazaki, A.: Theoretical basis of the algorithms and early phase results of the GCOM-C (Shikisai) SGLI cloud products, Prog. Earth Planet. Sci., 6, 52, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-019-0295-9, 2019.
NASA: CloudSat Data Processing Center, NASA, https://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu, last access: 15 November 2024.
NASA/LARC/SD/ASDC: CERES A-Train Integrated CALIPSO, CloudSat, CERES, and MODIS (CCCM) Merged Release D1, NASA Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center DAAC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/AQUA/CERES/CCCM-FM3-MODIS-CAL-CS_L2.RELD1, 2011.
Nishizawa, T., Okamoto, H., Sugimoto, N., Matsui, I., Shimizu, A., and Aoki, K.: An algorithm that retrieves aerosol properties from dual-wavelength polarized lidar measurements. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D06212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007435, 2007.
Nishizawa, T., Okamoto, H., Takemura, T., Sugimoto, N., Matsui, I., and Shimizu, A.: Aerosol retrieval from two-wavelength backscatter and one-wavelength polarization lidar measurement taken during the MR01K02 cruise of the R/V Mirai and evaluation of a global aerosol transport model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D21201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009640, 2008.
Nishizawa, T., Sugimoto, N., Matsui, I, Shimizu, A., and Okamoto, H.: Algorithms to retrieve optical properties of three component aerosols from two-wavelength backscatter and one-wavelength polarization lidar measurements considering nonsphericity of dust, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 112, 254–267, 2011.
Nishizawa, T., Kudo, R., Higurashi, A., Oikawa, E., and Okamoto, H.: Aerosol and Cloud Retrieval Algorithms Using EarthCARE Satellite-Borne Lidar Data, J. Rem. Sens. Soc. Jap., 39, 215–224, 2019 (in Japanese).
Ohmura, A., Dutton, E., Forgan, B., Frohlich, C., Gilgen, H., Hegne, H., Heimo, A., Konig-Langlo, G., McArthur, B., Muller, G., Philipona, R., Whitlock, C., Dehne, K., and Wild, M.: Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN/WCRP): New precision radiometry for climate change research, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2115–2136, 1998.
Oikawa, E., Nakajima, T., Inoue, T., and Winker, D.: A study of the shortwave direct aerosol forcing using ESSP/CALIPSO observation and GCM simulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 3687–3708, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50227, 2013.
Okamoto, H., Sato, K., and Hagihara, Y.: Global analysis of ice microphysics from CloudSat and CALIPSO: Incorporation of specular reflection in lidar signals, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D22209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013383, 2010.
Okamoto, H., Sato, K., Nishizawa, T., Jin, Y., Nakajima, T., Wang, M., Satoh, M., Suzuki, K., Roh, W., Yamauchi, A., Horie, H., Ohno, Y., Hagihara, Y., Ishimoto, H., Kudo, R., Kubota, T., and Tanaka, T.: JAXA Level2 algorithms for EarthCARE mission from single to four sensors: new perspective of cloud, aerosol, radiation and dynamics, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-101, in review, 2024.
Okata, M., Nakajima, T., Suzuki, K., Inoue, T., Nakajima, T. Y., and Okamoto, H.: A study on radiative transfer effects in 3-D cloudy atmosphere using satellite data. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 443–468, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025441, 2017.
Oreopoulos, L., Cho, N., and Lee, D.: New insights about cloud vertical structure from CloudSat and CALIPSO observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 9280–9300, 2017.
Platnick, S., Kerry G. Meyer, K. G., King, M. D., Wind, G., Amarasinghe, N., and Marchant, B.: The MODIS cloud optical and microphysical products: Collection 6 updates and examples from Terra and Aqua, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 55, 502–525, 2017.
Rienecker, M. M., Suarez, M. J., Todling, R., Bacmeister, J., Takacs, L., Liu, H. C., Gu, W., Sienkiewicz, M., Koster, R. D., Gelaro, R., Stajner, I., and Nielsen, J. E.: The GEOS-5 Data Assimilation System – Documentation of Versions 5.0.1, 5.1.0, and 5.2.0. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, 27, NASA/TM-2008-104606, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Rienecker369.pdf (last access: 15 November 2024), 2008.
Roesch, A., Schaaf, C., and Gao, F.: Use of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer bidirectional reflectance distribution function products to enhance simulated surface albedos, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D12105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004552, 2004.
Rossow, W. B. and Lacis, A. A.: Global, seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance measurements. Part II: Cloud properties and radiative effects, J. Climate, 3, 1204–1253, 1990.
Rossow, W. B. and Zhang, Y.-C.: Calculation of surface and top of the atmosphere radiative fluxes from physical quantities based on ISCCP data sets: 1. Validation and first results, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1167–1197, 1995.
Sassen, K., Wang, Z., and Liu, D.: Global distribution of cirrus clouds from CloudSat/Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) measurements, J. Ggeophys. Res., 113, D00A12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009972, 2008.
Sato, K. and Okamoto, H.: Refinement of global ice microphysics using spaceborne active sensors. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D20202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015885, 2011.
Schaaf, C. and Wang, Z.: MCD43C3 MODIS/Terra+Aqua BRDF/Albedo Albedo Daily L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V006, NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD43C3.006, 2015.
Schaaf, C. B., Gao, F., Strahler, A. H., Lucht, W., Li, X., Tsang, T., Strugnell, N. C., Zhang, X., Jin, Y., Muller, J. Lewis, P., Barnsley, M., Hobson, P., Disney, M., Roberts, G., Dunderdale, M., Doll, C., d'Entremont, R. P., Hu, B., Liang, S., Privette, J. L., and Roy, D. P.: First operational BRDF, albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS, Remote. Sens. Environ., 83, 135–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00091-3, 2002.
Sekiguchi, M. and Nakaima T.: A k-distribution-based radiation code and its computational optimization for an atmospheric general circulation model, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 109, 2779–2793, 2008.
Stephens, G. L., Vane, D. G., Tanelli, S., Im, E., Durden, S., Rokey, M., Reinke, D., Partain, P., Mace, G. G., Austin, R., L'Ecuyer, T., Haynes, J., Lebsock, M., Suzuki, K., Waliser, D., Wu, D., Kay, J., Gettelman, A., Wang, Z., and Marchand, R.: CloudSat mission: Performance and early science after the first year of operation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00A18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009982, 2008.
Stephens, G. L., Li, J., Wild, M., Clayson, C. A., Loeb, N., Kato, S., L'Ecuyer, T., Stackhouse Jr., P. W., Lebsock, M., and Andrews, T.: An update on Earth's energy balance in light of the latest global observations, Nat. Geosci., 5, 691–696, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1580, 2012.
Wang, M., Nakajima, T. Y., Roh, W., Satoh, M., Suzuki, K., Kubota, T., and Yoshida, M.: Evaluation of the spectral misalignment on the Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer/multi-spectral imager cloud product, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 603–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-603-2023, 2023.
Wehr, T., Kubota, T., Tzeremes, G., Wallace, K., Nakatsuka, H., Ohno, Y., Koopman, R., Rusli, S., Kikuchi, M., Eisinger, M., Tanaka, T., Taga, M., Deghaye, P., Tomita, E., and Bernaerts, D.: The EarthCARE mission – science and system overview, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3581–3608, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3581-2023, 2023.
Whitlock, C. H., Charlock, T. P., Staylor, W. F., Pinker, R. T., Laszlo, I., Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., Konzelman, T., DiPasquale, R. C., Moats, C. D., LeCroy, S. R., and Ritchey, N. A.: First Global WCRP Shortwave Surface Radiation Budget Dataset, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 905–922, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0905:FGWSSR>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Wielicki, B. A., Barkstrom, B. R., Harrison, E. F., Lee III, R. B., Smith, G. L., and Cooper, J. R.: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): An earth observing system, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 72, 853–868, 1996.
Winker, D. M., Pelon, J., Coakley Jr., J. A., Ackerman, S. A., Charlson, R. J., P. R. Colarco, P. R., Flamant, P., Q. Fu, Q., Hoff, R. M.,, Kittaka, C., Kubar, T. L., Treut, H. L., Mccormick, M. P., Mégie, G., Poole, L., Powell, K., Trepte, C., Vaughan, M. A., and Wielicki, B. A.: The CALIPSO mission: A global 3D view of aerosols and clouds, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 91, 1211–1230, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS3009.1, 2010.
Zhang, Y.-C., Rossow, W. B., and Lacis, A. A.: Calculation of surface and top of the atmosphere radiative fluxes from physical quantities based on ISCCP data sets: 1. Method and sensitivity to input data uncertainties, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1149–1165, 1995.
Short summary
A Japanese team developed the Level 2 atmospheric radiation flux and heating rate product for EarthCARE, which offers vertical profiles of longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes and heating rates. This study outlines the algorithm for the radiative product and its comparative validation against satellite and ground-based observations. It also analyzes errors in radiative fluxes at various scales and their dependence on cloud type, with ice-containing clouds identified as a primary error source.
A Japanese team developed the Level 2 atmospheric radiation flux and heating rate product for...
Special issue