Articles | Volume 11, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6703-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6703-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Dec 2018
Research article |
| 18 Dec 2018
| 18 Dec 2018
Lidar temperature series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set – Part 2: Assessment of temperature observations from MLS/Aura and SABER/TIMED satellites
LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
Alain Hauchecorne
LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
Philippe Keckhut
LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
Sophie Godin-Beekmann
LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
Sergey Khaykin
LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
Emily M. McCullough
Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
Related authors
Juha Vierinen, Dabrowka Knach, Jorge Luis Chau, Gerd Baumgarten, Devin Huyghebaert, Matthias Clahsen, Nico Pfeffer, Toralf Renkwitz, Robin Wing, Kenneth Obenberger, Björn Gustavsson, and Daniel Kastinen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2857, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
We observed the re-entry of a Falcon 9 rocket upper stage over Europe using a network of cameras and radars normally used to study meteors. The measurements showed how hot ionized gas formed around the debris during hypervelocity entry, producing strong radio echoes high in the atmosphere. As the number of satellites and rocket launches increases, these observations can help improve monitoring of space waste re-entering the atmosphere and its possible environmental effects.
Ronald Eixmann, Thorben H. Lüke-Mense, Jan Froh, Michael Gerding, Josef Höffner, Christian Löns, Robin Wing, Christian von Savigny, and Gerd Baumgarten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-675, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-675, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new lidar-based measurement technique that can observe small particles in the middle atmosphere, up to 30 km altitude, both during the day and at night. The compact instrument, with a volume of about one cubic meter, provides high-accuracy vertical profiles of aerosols and can be deployed at different locations worldwide. Comparisons with satellite data show strong agreement, highlighting its potential for longterm monitoring of stratospheric aerosols.
Mohamed Mossad, Irina Strelnikova, Robin Wing, Gerd Baumgarten, and Michael Gerding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 14839–14864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14839-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14839-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied gravity waves using a unique lidar that measures both temperature and wind. This is the first long-term study of how their energies vary with height and season in the middle atmosphere near the Arctic. Waves were stronger and varied more in winter, while in summer slow waves tied to Earth's rotation dominated. We also observed new patterns in how energy is shared between both energy types and height-dependent changes in wave behaviour. These results refine our view of such waves.
Michael Gerding, Robin Wing, Eframir Franco-Diaz, Gerd Baumgarten, Jens Fiedler, Torsten Köpnick, and Reik Ostermann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2789–2809, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a new lidar system developed in Germany intended to study wind and temperature at night in the middle atmosphere. The paper explains how we have set up the system to work automatically and gives technical details for anyone who wants to build a similar system. We present a case study showing temperatures and winds at different altitudes. In a future article, we will present how we process the data and deal with uncertainties.
Thorben H. Mense, Josef Höffner, Gerd Baumgarten, Ronald Eixmann, Jan Froh, Alsu Mauer, Alexander Munk, Robin Wing, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1665–1677, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A novel lidar system with five beams measured horizontal and vertical winds together, reaching altitudes up to 25 km. Developed in Germany, it revealed accurate horizontal wind data compared to forecasts, but vertical wind estimates differed. The lidar's capability to detect small-scale wind patterns was highlighted, advancing atmospheric research.
Eframir Franco-Diaz, Michael Gerding, Laura Holt, Irina Strelnikova, Robin Wing, Gerd Baumgarten, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1543–1558, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use satellite, lidar, and ECMWF data to study storm-related waves that propagate above Kühlungsborn, Germany, during summer. Although these events occur in roughly half of the years of the satellite data we analyzed, we focus our study on two case study years (2014 and 2015). These events could contribute significantly to middle atmospheric circulation and are not accounted for in weather and climate models.
Mohamed Mossad, Irina Strelnikova, Robin Wing, and Gerd Baumgarten
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 783–799, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-783-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-783-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This numerical study addresses observational gaps' impact on atmospheric gravity wave spectra. Three methods, fast Fourier transform (FFT), generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram (GLS), and Haar structure function (HSF), were tested on synthetic data. HSF is best for spectra with negative slopes. GLS excels for flat and positive slopes and identifying dominant frequencies. Accurately estimating these aspects is crucial for understanding gravity wave dynamics and energy transfer in the atmosphere.
Juliana Jaen, Toralf Renkwitz, Huixin Liu, Christoph Jacobi, Robin Wing, Aleš Kuchař, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, and Jorge L. Chau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14871–14887, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14871-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14871-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Investigation of winds is important to understand atmospheric dynamics. In the summer mesosphere and lower thermosphere, there are three main wind flows: the mesospheric westward, the mesopause southward (equatorward), and the lower-thermospheric eastward wind. Combining almost 2 decades of measurements from different radars, we study the trend, their interannual oscillations, and the effects of the geomagnetic activity over these wind maxima.
Mathieu Ratynski, Sergey Khaykin, Alain Hauchecorne, Robin Wing, Jean-Pierre Cammas, Yann Hello, and Philippe Keckhut
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 997–1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aeolus is the first spaceborne wind lidar providing global wind measurements since 2018. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of Aeolus instrument performance, using ground-based wind lidars and meteorological radiosondes, at tropical and mid-latitudes sites. The analysis allows assessing the long-term evolution of the satellite's performance for more than 3 years. The results will help further elaborate the understanding of the error sources and the behavior of the Doppler wind lidar.
Irina Petropavlovskikh, Martine De Mazière, Anne M. Thompson, Jeannette D. Wild, James W. Hannigan, Henry B. Selkirk, Reem A. Hannun, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Roeland Van Malderen, Elizabeth Asher, Raul R. Cordero, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Daan Hubert, Sergey Khaykin, Karin Kreher, Thierry Leblanc, Emmanuel Mahieu, Eliane Maillard Barras, Glen McConville, Gerald Nedoluha, Ivan Ortega, Alberto Redondas Marrero, Gunther Seckmeyer, Ryan M. Stauffer, Sarah A. Strode, Kim Strong, Takafumi Sugita, Michel Van Roozendael, Voltaire Velazco, Corinne Vigouroux, and Bärbel Vogel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 8637–8675, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8637-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8637-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This introduction to the special issue "Achievements and perspectives of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change after 35 years of operation” provides an overview of important research findings achieved under the NDACC objectives. The future of NDACC is discussed in the light of the evolution of the scientific questions, evolving collaborations with partners and Cooperating Networks, and the current landscape of gaps in satellite and ground-based observations.
Juha Vierinen, Dabrowka Knach, Jorge Luis Chau, Gerd Baumgarten, Devin Huyghebaert, Matthias Clahsen, Nico Pfeffer, Toralf Renkwitz, Robin Wing, Kenneth Obenberger, Björn Gustavsson, and Daniel Kastinen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2857, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
We observed the re-entry of a Falcon 9 rocket upper stage over Europe using a network of cameras and radars normally used to study meteors. The measurements showed how hot ionized gas formed around the debris during hypervelocity entry, producing strong radio echoes high in the atmosphere. As the number of satellites and rocket launches increases, these observations can help improve monitoring of space waste re-entering the atmosphere and its possible environmental effects.
Viktoria F. Sofieva, Monika E. Szelag, Natalya A. Kramarova, Robert Damadeo, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Corinne Vigouroux, Eliane Maillard Barras, Daniel Zawada, Kleareti Tourpali, Stacey M. Frith, Jeannette D. Wild, Sean M. Davis, Carlo Arosio, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, Brian Auffarth, Lucien Froidevaux, Ryan Fuller, Doug Degenstein, Kimberlee Dube, Peter Effertz, Thierry Leblanc, Gérard Ancellet, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Glen McConville, Richard Querel, Dan Smale, Marie-Renee DeBacker, Emmanuel Mahieu, and Ralf Sussmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 7387–7405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7387-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7387-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We present an updated evaluation of stratospheric ozone profile trends in the 60°S–60°N latitude range using long-term ground-based and satellite climate data records, as well as simulations by chemistry-climate models. Analyses confirm the statistically significant positive ozone trends in the upper stratosphere of ~1–3 % decade-1. The trends are close to zero in the middle stratosphere, and mostly negative in the lower stratosphere, but they are not statistically significant.
Dimitri Trapon, Holger Baars, Sebastian Bley, Albert Ansmann, Michael Rennie, Sergey Khaykin, and Michael Sicard
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2575, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2575, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents observations of the 2022 Hunga volcanic aerosol in the stratosphere made by the European Space Agency’s Aeolus satellite. Aeolus tracks the long-range transported plumes that circumnavigate the Earth at distinct latitudes and altitudes up to 30 km. Vertical gradient of optical properties measured with the ultraviolet lidar signal are shown, such as decreasing trends over time. This helps to understand the stratospheric residence time of aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere.
Raphaël Lebrun, Yevgeny Derimian, François Ravetta, Jérôme Bureau, and Sergey Khaykin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2006, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2006, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Fueled by climate change, some recent extreme wildfires have been observed to inject unprecedented levels of aerosols in the stratosphere. Partly composed of carbon, these aerosols absorb solar light and change the energy balance of the atmosphere. Using observations and radiative modeling, we show the stratospheric aerosols from the 2020 Australian wildfire have warmed the atmosphere by 0.08 to 0.19 W.m−2 globally over a year, as they tend to reduce the albedo effect of underlying clouds.
Joseph Hung, Penny M. Rowe, Christopher J. Cox, Emily M. McCullough, Liam Kroll, Raia Ottenheimer, Matthew D. Shupe, Von P. Walden, and Kimberly Strong
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1906, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1906, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models struggle to accurately represent polar regions largely due to challenges in modelling clouds. In this article, we sampled clouds at Arctic and Antarctic field sites, and found that Antarctic clouds generally featured lower temperatures, smaller liquid droplets, and are thinner because they have a higher proportion of ice than Arctic clouds. This knowledge improves our ability to monitor remote regions, and serves to improve our understanding of cloud processes.
Ronald Eixmann, Thorben H. Lüke-Mense, Jan Froh, Michael Gerding, Josef Höffner, Christian Löns, Robin Wing, Christian von Savigny, and Gerd Baumgarten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-675, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-675, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new lidar-based measurement technique that can observe small particles in the middle atmosphere, up to 30 km altitude, both during the day and at night. The compact instrument, with a volume of about one cubic meter, provides high-accuracy vertical profiles of aerosols and can be deployed at different locations worldwide. Comparisons with satellite data show strong agreement, highlighting its potential for longterm monitoring of stratospheric aerosols.
Sachiko Okamoto, Gerard Ancellet, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, and Renaud Bodichon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-796, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-796, 2026
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The ozone sounding data from the electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) at the Haute Provence Observatory (OHP) for the period 1991–2020 were homogenized in 2022 using the recommendations of the ECC data quality assessment committee. Comparisons with lidar and satellite observations show that the ECC pump temperature measurements for the period 2002–2007 need to be corrected in addition to the 2022 homogenization. This correction improves the consistency of the ECC ozone dataset at the OHP.
Samuel Trémoulu, Fabrice Chane Ming, Alain Hauchecorne, Sergey Khaykin, Mathieu Ratynski, and Philippe Keckhut
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 1039–1058, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1039-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1039-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new method to better detect and study small-scale gravity waves in the middle atmosphere using lidar data. This technique more clearly reveals wave patterns than older methods and gives more accurate energy estimates, especially high up near the stratopause. Our approach helps scientists understand how these waves behave and interact across different scales, improving knowledge of atmospheric dynamics.
Louis Mirallie, Eliane Maillard Barras, Caroline Jonas, Corinne Vigouroux, Roeland Van Malderen, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Thierry Leblanc, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Antoine Vadès, Rolf Ruefenach, Alexander Haefele, Gunter Stober, Peter Effertz, Julian Gröbner, Gerard Ancellet, María Cazorla, Petra Duff, Matthias Frey, Michael Gill, James W. Hannigan, Nicholas Jones, Rigel Kivi, Raphael Koehler, Bogumil Kois, Debra Kollonige, Emmanuel Mahieu, Glen McConville, Johan Mellqvist, Gary Morris, Isao Murata, Tomoo Nagahama, Gerald E. Nedoluha, Shin-Ya Ogino, Richard Querel, Ryan Stauffer, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Anne Thompson, and Yana Virolainen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-113, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-113, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We present regional Bayesian composite of ground-based ozone records. Defining coherent regions via CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) representativeness study and partial columns to be merged using the BASIC (BAyeSian Integrated and Consolidated, Ball et al., 2017) method, we reduce trends by 15.3 % compared to a weighted mean. Results confirm upper stratospheric recovery and reveal significant lower stratospheric decline in some regions.
Sergey Khaykin, Michaël Sicard, Thierry Leblanc, Tetsu Sakai, Nickolay Balugin, Gwenaël Berthet, Stëphane Chevrier, Fernando Chouza, Artem Feofilov, Dominique Gantois, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Arezki Haddouche, Yoshitaka Jin, Isamu Morino, Nicolas Kadygrov, Thomas Lecas, Ben Liley, Richard Querel, Ghasssan Taha, and Vladimir Yushkov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 607–622, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-607-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-607-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
In April 2024, the Ruang volcano in Indonesia sent large amounts of gas and particles high into the atmosphere, which then spread worldwide. Using the new European EarthCARE satellite and its advanced laser instrument ATLID (Atmospheric LIDar), together with ground and balloon observations, we tracked how these particles doubled levels in the tropics and spread into both hemispheres. The study shows ATLID’s power to reveal how eruptions can affect climate, clouds, and ozone for more than a year.
Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Igor Veselovskii, Thierry Podvin, Gaël Dubois, Sergey Khaykin, William Boissière, Fabrice Ducos, and Mikhail Korenskiy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5041, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5041, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied lidar observations of long-range transported biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) from 2023 Canadian wildfires at ATOLL (France) and GPI (Russia). Combined multi-wavelength and fluorescence data reveal clear contrasts between free-tropospheric and UTLS BBAs in depolarization, lidar ratio, Ångström exponent, and fluorescence spectra. Cross-site comparisons show consistent fluorescence properties, supporting coordinated multi-lidar observations.
Benjamin W. Clouser, Laszlo C. Sarkozy, Clare E. Singer, Carly C. KleinStern, Adrien Desmoulin, Dylan Gaeta, Sergey Khaykin, Stephen Gabbard, Stephen Shertz, and Elisabeth J. Moyer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6465–6491, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6465-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The water molecule comes in several different varieties, which are nearly indistinguishable in daily life. However, slight differences between the water molecule types can be exploited to achieve better scientific understanding of parts of Earth's atmosphere. In this work we describe the design, construction, and operation of an instrument meant to measure these molecules aboard research aircraft up to altitudes of 20 km.
Mohamed Mossad, Irina Strelnikova, Robin Wing, Gerd Baumgarten, and Michael Gerding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 14839–14864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14839-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14839-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied gravity waves using a unique lidar that measures both temperature and wind. This is the first long-term study of how their energies vary with height and season in the middle atmosphere near the Arctic. Waves were stronger and varied more in winter, while in summer slow waves tied to Earth's rotation dominated. We also observed new patterns in how energy is shared between both energy types and height-dependent changes in wave behaviour. These results refine our view of such waves.
Sergey Khaykin, Slimane Bekki, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Michael D. Fromm, Philippe Goloub, Qiaoyun Hu, Béatrice Josse, Alexandra Laeng, Mehdi Meziane, David A. Peterson, Sophie Pelletier, and Valérie Thouret
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 14551–14571, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14551-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14551-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In 2023, massive wildfires in Canada injected huge amounts of smoke into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, despite their intensity, the smoke did not rise very high but lingered at flight cruising altitudes, causing widespread pollution. This study shows how two different pathways lifted smoke into the lower stratosphere and reveals new insights into how wildfires affect air quality and climate, challenging what we thought we knew about fire and atmospheric impacts.
Mathieu Ratynski, Sergey Khaykin, Alain Hauchecorne, M. Joan Alexander, Alexis Mariaccia, Philippe Keckhut, and Antoine Mangin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13769–13798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13769-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13769-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how tropical convection generates gravity waves, which play a key role in transporting energy across the atmosphere. By combining Aeolus satellite data with ERA5 reanalysis data and radio occultation measurements, we identified significant wave activity overlooked by ERA5, particularly over the Indian Ocean. Aeolus fills major gaps in wind data, offering a clearer picture of wave dynamics and challenging assumptions about their behavior, thereby improving climate models.
Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pazmiño, Michaël Sicard, Anne Boynard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10887–10905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
On 15 January 2022, the Hunga volcano erupted, releasing sulfur dioxide and water vapor into the stratosphere, impacting ozone levels over the Indian Ocean. Satellite data show the presence of a transient ozone depletion event related to the water vapor anomalies and sulfate aerosol clouds. Ozone reduction was confined to two distinct layers. On 21 January, the fifth percentile of total and stratospheric column ozone anomalies reached −18.6 and −14.5 DU, respectively.
Irina Petropavlovskikh, Jeannette D. Wild, Kari Abromitis, Peter Effertz, Koji Miyagawa, Lawrence E. Flynn, Eliane Maillard Barras, Robert Damadeo, Glen McConville, Bryan Johnson, Patrick Cullis, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Gerard Ancellet, Richard Querel, Roeland Van Malderen, and Daniel Zawada
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2895–2936, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2895-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2895-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Observational records show that stratospheric ozone is recovering in accordance with the implementation of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments. Natural ozone variability complicates the detection of small trends. This study optimizes a statistical model fit in ground-station-based observational records by adding parameters that interpret seasonal and long-term changes in atmospheric circulation and airmass mixing, which reduces uncertainties in detecting the stratospheric ozone recovery.
Dominique Gantois, Guillaume Payen, Michaël Sicard, Valentin Duflot, Nelson Bègue, Nicolas Marquestaut, Thierry Portafaix, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Patrick Hernandez, and Eric Golubic
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4137–4159, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We describe three instruments that have been measuring interactions between aerosols (particles of various origin) and light over Réunion Island since 2012. Aerosols directly or indirectly influence the temperature in the atmosphere and can interact with clouds. Details are given on how we derived aerosol properties from our measurements and how we assessed the quality of our data before sharing them with the scientific community. A good correlation was found between the three instruments.
Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Gwenaël Berthet, Corinna Kloss, Fabrice Jégou, Sergey Khaykin, Marion Ranaivombola, Tristan Millet, Thierry Portafaix, Valentin Duflot, Philippe Keckhut, Hélène Vérèmes, Guillaume Payen, Mahesh Kumar Sha, Pierre-François Coheur, Cathy Clerbaux, Michaël Sicard, Tetsu Sakai, Richard Querel, Ben Liley, Dan Smale, Isamu Morino, Osamu Uchino, Tomohiro Nagai, Penny Smale, John Robinson, and Hassan Bencherif
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8031–8048, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8031-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8031-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During the 2020 austral summer, the pristine atmosphere of the southwest Indian Ocean basin experienced significant perturbations. Numerical models indicated that the lower-stratospheric aerosol content was influenced by the intense and persistent stratospheric aerosol layer generated during the 2019–2020 extreme Australian bushfire events. Ground-based observations at Réunion confirmed the simultaneous presence of African and Australian aerosol layers.
Arno Keppens, Serena Di Pede, Daan Hubert, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Pepijn Veefkind, Maarten Sneep, Johan De Haan, Mark ter Linden, Thierry Leblanc, Steven Compernolle, Tijl Verhoelst, José Granville, Oindrila Nath, Ann Mari Fjæraa, Ian Boyd, Sander Niemeijer, Roeland Van Malderen, Herman G. J. Smit, Valentin Duflot, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Bryan J. Johnson, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, David W. Tarasick, Debra E. Kollonige, Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Angelika Dehn, and Claus Zehner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3969–3993, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3969-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3969-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Sentinel-5P satellite operated by the European Space Agency has carried the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) around the Earth since October 2017. This mission also produces atmospheric ozone profile data which are described in detail for May 2018 to April 2023. Independent validation using ground-based reference measurements demonstrates that the operational ozone profile product mostly fully and at least partially complies with all mission requirements.
Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, Gopalakrishna Pillai Gopikrishnan, Rolf Müller, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, and Jerome Brioude
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6743–6756, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6743-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6743-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The current understanding and observational evidence do not provide any support for the possibility of an ozone hole occurring outside Antarctica today with respect to the present-day stratospheric halogen levels.
Michael Gerding, Robin Wing, Eframir Franco-Diaz, Gerd Baumgarten, Jens Fiedler, Torsten Köpnick, and Reik Ostermann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2789–2809, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a new lidar system developed in Germany intended to study wind and temperature at night in the middle atmosphere. The paper explains how we have set up the system to work automatically and gives technical details for anyone who wants to build a similar system. We present a case study showing temperatures and winds at different altitudes. In a future article, we will present how we process the data and deal with uncertainties.
Thorben H. Mense, Josef Höffner, Gerd Baumgarten, Ronald Eixmann, Jan Froh, Alsu Mauer, Alexander Munk, Robin Wing, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1665–1677, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A novel lidar system with five beams measured horizontal and vertical winds together, reaching altitudes up to 25 km. Developed in Germany, it revealed accurate horizontal wind data compared to forecasts, but vertical wind estimates differed. The lidar's capability to detect small-scale wind patterns was highlighted, advancing atmospheric research.
Igor Veselovskii, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, William Boissiere, Mikhail Korenskiy, Nikita Kasianik, Sergey Khaykyn, and Robin Miri
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1023–1036, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1023-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1023-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of transported smoke layers were performed with a lidar in Lille and a five-channel fluorescence lidar in Moscow. Results show the peak of fluorescence in the boundary layer is at 438 nm, while in the smoke layer it shifts to longer wavelengths. The fluorescence depolarization is 45 % to 55 %. The depolarization ratio of the water vapor channel is low (2 ± 0.5 %) in the absence of fluorescence and can be used to evaluate the contribution of fluorescence to water vapor signal.
Eframir Franco-Diaz, Michael Gerding, Laura Holt, Irina Strelnikova, Robin Wing, Gerd Baumgarten, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1543–1558, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use satellite, lidar, and ECMWF data to study storm-related waves that propagate above Kühlungsborn, Germany, during summer. Although these events occur in roughly half of the years of the satellite data we analyzed, we focus our study on two case study years (2014 and 2015). These events could contribute significantly to middle atmospheric circulation and are not accounted for in weather and climate models.
Mohamed Mossad, Irina Strelnikova, Robin Wing, and Gerd Baumgarten
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 783–799, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-783-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-783-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This numerical study addresses observational gaps' impact on atmospheric gravity wave spectra. Three methods, fast Fourier transform (FFT), generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram (GLS), and Haar structure function (HSF), were tested on synthetic data. HSF is best for spectra with negative slopes. GLS excels for flat and positive slopes and identifying dominant frequencies. Accurately estimating these aspects is crucial for understanding gravity wave dynamics and energy transfer in the atmosphere.
Andrea Pazmiño, Florence Goutail, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Alain Hauchecorne, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Wuhu Feng, Franck Lefèvre, Audrey Lecouffe, Michel Van Roozendael, Nis Jepsen, Georg Hansen, Rigel Kivi, Kimberly Strong, and Kaley A. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15655–15670, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15655-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The vortex-averaged ozone loss over the last 3 decades is evaluated for both polar regions using the passive ozone tracer of the chemical transport model TOMCAT/SLIMCAT and total ozone observations from the SAOZ network and MSR2 reanalysis. Three metrics were developed to compute ozone trends since 2000. The study confirms the ozone recovery in the Antarctic and shows a potential sign of quantitative detection of ozone recovery in the Arctic that needs to be robustly confirmed in the future.
Juliana Jaen, Toralf Renkwitz, Huixin Liu, Christoph Jacobi, Robin Wing, Aleš Kuchař, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, and Jorge L. Chau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14871–14887, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14871-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14871-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Investigation of winds is important to understand atmospheric dynamics. In the summer mesosphere and lower thermosphere, there are three main wind flows: the mesospheric westward, the mesopause southward (equatorward), and the lower-thermospheric eastward wind. Combining almost 2 decades of measurements from different radars, we study the trend, their interannual oscillations, and the effects of the geomagnetic activity over these wind maxima.
Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Michaël Sicard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2645, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2645, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The eruption of the Hunga Tonga volcano in January 2022 released substantial amounts of aerosols, sulfur dioxide, and water vapor into the stratosphere. Satellite and ground instruments followed the displacement of the volcanic aerosol plume and its impact on ozone levels over the Indian Ocean. Ozone data reveal the presence of a persistent ozone mini-hole structure from 17 January to 22 January, with most ozone depletion occurring within the ozone layer at the location of the aerosol plume.
Francesco Cairo, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Guido Di Donfrancesco, Luca Di Liberto, Sergey Khaykin, Lorenza Lucaferri, Valentin Mitev, Max Port, Christian Rolf, Marcel Snels, Nicole Spelten, Ralf Weigel, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4899–4925, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cirrus clouds have been observed over the Himalayan region between 10 km and the tropopause at 17–18 km. Data from backscattersonde, hygrometers, and particle cloud spectrometers have been compared to assess their consistency. Empirical relationships between optical parameters accessible with remote sensing lidars and cloud microphysical parameters (such as ice water content, particle number and surface area density, and particle aspherical fraction) have been established.
Paul Konopka, Christian Rolf, Marc von Hobe, Sergey M. Khaykin, Benjamin Clouser, Elisabeth Moyer, Fabrizio Ravegnani, Francesco D'Amato, Silvia Viciani, Nicole Spelten, Armin Afchine, Martina Krämer, Fred Stroh, and Felix Ploeger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12935–12947, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12935-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12935-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied water vapor in a critical region of the atmosphere, the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone, using rare in situ observations. Our study shows that extremely high water vapor values observed in the stratosphere within the Asian monsoon anticyclone still undergo significant freeze-drying and that water vapor concentrations set by the Lagrangian dry point are a better proxy for the stratospheric water vapor budget than rare observations of enhanced water mixing ratios.
Mathieu Ratynski, Sergey Khaykin, Alain Hauchecorne, Robin Wing, Jean-Pierre Cammas, Yann Hello, and Philippe Keckhut
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 997–1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aeolus is the first spaceborne wind lidar providing global wind measurements since 2018. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of Aeolus instrument performance, using ground-based wind lidars and meteorological radiosondes, at tropical and mid-latitudes sites. The analysis allows assessing the long-term evolution of the satellite's performance for more than 3 years. The results will help further elaborate the understanding of the error sources and the behavior of the Doppler wind lidar.
Fayçal Lamraoui, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Adam B. Sokol, Sergey Khaykin, Apoorva Pandey, and Zhiming Kuang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2393–2419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) can play a key role in vertical transport. We investigate the role of different cloud regimes and the associated ice habits in regulating the properties of the TTL. We use high-resolution numerical experiments at the scales of large-eddy simulations (LESs) and aircraft measurements. We found that LES-scale parameterizations that predict ice shape are crucial for an accurate representation of TTL cirrus and thus the associated (de)hydration process.
Bernard Legras, Clair Duchamp, Pasquale Sellitto, Aurélien Podglajen, Elisa Carboni, Richard Siddans, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Sergey Khaykin, and Felix Ploeger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14957–14970, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The long-duration atmospheric impact of the Tonga eruption in January 2022 is a plume of water and sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere that persisted for more than 6 months. We study this evolution using several satellite instruments and analyse the unusual behaviour of this plume as sulfates and water first moved down rapidly and then separated into two layers. We also report the self-organization in compact and long-lived patches.
Mohamadou A. Diallo, Felix Ploeger, Michaela I. Hegglin, Manfred Ern, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Sergey Khaykin, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14303–14321, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The quasi-biennial oacillation disruption events in both 2016 and 2020 decreased lower-stratospheric water vapour and ozone. Differences in the strength and depth of the anomalous lower-stratospheric circulation and ozone are due to differences in tropical upwelling and cold-point temperature induced by lower-stratospheric planetary and gravity wave breaking. The differences in water vapour are due to higher cold-point temperature in 2020 induced by Australian wildfire.
Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Niramson Azouz, Viktoria F. Sofieva, Daan Hubert, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Peter Effertz, Gérard Ancellet, Doug A. Degenstein, Daniel Zawada, Lucien Froidevaux, Stacey Frith, Jeannette Wild, Sean Davis, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Thierry Leblanc, Richard Querel, Kleareti Tourpali, Robert Damadeo, Eliane Maillard Barras, René Stübi, Corinne Vigouroux, Carlo Arosio, Gerald Nedoluha, Ian Boyd, Roeland Van Malderen, Emmanuel Mahieu, Dan Smale, and Ralf Sussmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11657–11673, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11657-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11657-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An updated evaluation up to 2020 of stratospheric ozone profile long-term trends at extrapolar latitudes based on satellite and ground-based records is presented. Ozone increase in the upper stratosphere is confirmed, with significant trends at most latitudes. In this altitude region, a very good agreement is found with trends derived from chemistry–climate model simulations. Observed and modelled trends diverge in the lower stratosphere, but the differences are non-significant.
Clare E. Singer, Benjamin W. Clouser, Sergey M. Khaykin, Martina Krämer, Francesco Cairo, Thomas Peter, Alexey Lykov, Christian Rolf, Nicole Spelten, Armin Afchine, Simone Brunamonti, and Elisabeth J. Moyer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4767–4783, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In situ measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere are necessary to study cloud formation and hydration of the stratosphere but challenging due to cold–dry conditions. We compare measurements from three water vapor instruments from the StratoClim campaign in 2017. In clear sky (clouds), point-by-point differences were <1.5±8 % (<1±8 %). This excellent agreement allows detection of fine-scale structures required to understand the impact of convection on stratospheric water vapor.
Gérard Ancellet, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Herman G. J. Smit, Ryan M. Stauffer, Roeland Van Malderen, Renaud Bodichon, and Andrea Pazmiño
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3105–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 1991–2021 Observatoire de Haute Provence electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data have been homogenized according to the recommendations of the Ozonesonde Data Quality Assessment panel. Comparisons with ground-based instruments also measuring ozone at the same station (lidar, surface measurements) and with colocated satellite observations show the benefits of this homogenization. Remaining differences between ECC and other observations in the stratosphere are also discussed.
Audrey Lecouffe, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Andrea Pazmiño, and Alain Hauchecorne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4187–4200, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a model developped at LATMOS (France) to analyze the behavior of the Antarctic polar vortex from 1979 to 2020 at 675 K, 550 K, and 475 K isentropic levels. We found that the vortex edge intensity is stronger during the September–October–November period, while its edge position is less extended during this period. The polar vortex is stronger and lasts longer during solar minimum years. Breakup dates of the polar vortex are linked to the ozone hole and maximum wind speed.
Irina Petropavlovskikh, Koji Miyagawa, Audra McClure-Beegle, Bryan Johnson, Jeannette Wild, Susan Strahan, Krzysztof Wargan, Richard Querel, Lawrence Flynn, Eric Beach, Gerard Ancellet, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1849–1870, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1849-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1849-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Montreal Protocol and its amendments assure the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. To monitor ozone recovery, multiple satellites and ground-based observational platforms collect ozone data. The changes in instruments can influence the continuation of the ozone data. We discuss a method to remove instrumental artifacts from ozone records to improve the internal consistency among multiple observational records.
Sergey M. Khaykin, Elizabeth Moyer, Martina Krämer, Benjamin Clouser, Silvia Bucci, Bernard Legras, Alexey Lykov, Armin Afchine, Francesco Cairo, Ivan Formanyuk, Valentin Mitev, Renaud Matthey, Christian Rolf, Clare E. Singer, Nicole Spelten, Vasiliy Volkov, Vladimir Yushkov, and Fred Stroh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3169–3189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3169-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3169-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Asian monsoon anticyclone is the key contributor to the global annual maximum in lower stratospheric water vapour. We investigate the impact of deep convection on the lower stratospheric water using a unique set of observations aboard the high-altitude M55-Geophysica aircraft deployed in Nepal in summer 2017 within the EU StratoClim project. We find that convective plumes of wet air can persist within the Asian anticyclone for weeks, thereby enhancing the occurrence of high-level clouds.
Abhinna K. Behera, Emmanuel D. Rivière, Sergey M. Khaykin, Virginie Marécal, Mélanie Ghysels, Jérémie Burgalat, and Gerhard Held
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 881–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-881-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-881-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection overshooting the stratosphere's contribution to the global stratospheric water budget is still being quantified. We ran three different cloud-resolving simulations of an observed case of overshoots in Bauru during the TRO-Pico balloon campaign in the context of upscaling the impact of overshoots at a large scale. These simulations, which have been validated with balloon-borne and S-band radar measurements, shed light on the local-scale variability and composition of overshoots.
Andrea Pazmiño, Matthias Beekmann, Florence Goutail, Dmitry Ionov, Ariane Bazureau, Manuel Nunes-Pinharanda, Alain Hauchecorne, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18303–18317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18303-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18303-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
UV-Visible Système d'Analyse par Observations Zénithales (SAOZ) NO2 tropospheric columns were evaluated to quantify the impact of the lockdown in limiting the COVID-19 propagation. Meteorological conditions and NO2 trends were considered. The negative anomaly in tropospheric columns in 2020, attributed to the lockdown (17 March–10 May and related emissions reductions), was 56 % at Paris and 46 % at a suburban site. A similar anomaly was found in the Airparif data of surface concentrations.
Nora Mettig, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, Carlo Arosio, John P. Burrows, Pepijn Veefkind, Anne M. Thompson, Richard Querel, Thierry Leblanc, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Rigel Kivi, and Matthew B. Tully
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6057–6082, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6057-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6057-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
TROPOMI is a nadir-viewing satellite that has observed global atmospheric trace gases at unprecedented spatial resolution since 2017. The retrieval of ozone profiles with high accuracy has been demonstrated using the TOPAS (Tikhonov regularised Ozone Profile retrievAl with SCIATRAN) algorithm and applying appropriate spectral corrections to TROPOMI UV data. Ozone profiles from TROPOMI were compared to ozonesonde and lidar profiles, showing an agreement to within 5 % in the stratosphere.
Cited articles
Chu, X., Pan, W., Papen, G. C., Gardner, C. S., and Gelbwachs, J. A.: Fe
Boltzmann
Temperature Lidar: Design, Error Analysis, and Initial Results at the North
and South Poles, Appl. Optics, 41, 4400–4410, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.004400, 2002. a
Council, N. R.: Earth Science and Applications from Space: National
Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond, The National Academies Press,
Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.17226/11820, available at:
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/11820/earth-science-and-applications-from-space-national-imperatives-for-the
(last access: 28 May 2018), 2007. a
Google Maps: Observatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS) Kernel Description,
available at:
https://www.google.fr/maps/place/Observatoire+de+Haute+Provence+(CNRS)/@43.9236737,5.7183398,
last access: 30 November 2017. a
Dawkins, E. C. M., Feofilov, A., Rezac, L., Kutepov, A. A., Janches, D.,
Höffner, J., Chu, X., Lu, X., Mlynczak, M. G., and Russell, J.:
Validation of SABER v2.0 Operational Temperature Data With Ground-Based
Lidars in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Region (75–105 km), J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 123, 9916–9934, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028742, 2018. a, b, c, d, e
Dou, X., Li, T., Xu, J., Liu, H.-L., Xue, X., Wang, S., Leblanc, T., McDermid,
I. S., Hauchecorne, A., Keckhut, P., Bencherif, H., Heinselman, C.,
Steinbrecht, W., Mlynczak, M. G., and Russell, J. M.: Seasonal oscillations
of middle atmosphere temperature observed by Rayleigh lidars and their
comparisons with TIMED/SABER observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D20103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011654, 2009. a, b, c, d, e
French, W. J. R. and Mulligan, F. J.: Stability of temperatures from
TIMED/SABER v1.07 (2002–2009) and Aura/MLS v2.2 (2004–2009) compared with
OH(6–2) temperatures observed at Davis Station, Antarctica, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 10, 11439–11446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11439-2010, 2010. a
García-Comas, M., Funke, B., Gardini, A., López-Puertas, M.,
Jurado-Navarro, A., von Clarmann, T., Stiller, G., Kiefer, M., Boone, C. D.,
Leblanc, T., Marshall, B. T., Schwartz, M. J., and Sheese, P. E.: MIPAS
temperature from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere: Comparison of
vM21 with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER, SOFIE and lidar measurements, Atmos.
Meas. Tech., 7, 3633–3651, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3633-2014, 2014. a, b
Hauchecorne, A., Blanot, L., Wing, R., Keckhut, P., Khaykin, S., Bertaux,
J.-L., Meftah, M., Claud, C., and Sofieva, V.: A new MesosphEO dataset of
temperature profiles from 35 to 85 km using Rayleigh scattering at limb from
GOMOS/ENVISAT daytime observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-241, in review, 2018. a, b
Hoppel, K. W., Baker, N. L., Coy, L., Eckermann, S. D., McCormack, J. P.,
Nedoluha, G. E., and Siskind, D. E.: Assimilation of stratospheric and
mesospheric temperatures from MLS and SABER into a global NWP model, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 8, 6103–6116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6103-2008, 2008. a
Johnson, K. W. and Gelman, M. E.: Trends in upper stratospheric
temperatures as observed by rocketsondes (1965–1983), International Council
of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, International Council of Scientific
Unions, Urbana, IL, USA, 18, 1985. a
Leblanc, T., McDermid, I. S., Hauchecorne, A., and Keckhut, P.: Evaluation of
optimization of lidar temperature analysis algorithms using simulated data,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 6177–6187,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD03494, 1998. a
Leblanc, T., Sica, R. J., van Gijsel, J. A. E., Godin-Beekmann, S., Haefele,
A., Trickl, T., Payen, G., and Gabarrot, F.: Proposed standardized
definitions for vertical resolution and uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone
and temperature algorithms – Part 1: Vertical resolution, Atmos. Meas.
Tech., 9, 4029–4049, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4029-2016, 2016a. a
Leblanc, T., Sica, R. J., van Gijsel, J. A. E., Haefele, A., Payen, G., and
Liberti, G.: Proposed standardized definitions for vertical resolution and
uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone and temperature algorithms – Part 3:
Temperature uncertainty budget, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4079–4101,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4079-2016, 2016b. a
Licel: Licel Data Sheet Kernel Description, available at:
https://http://licel.com/transdat.htm#DNL, last access: 8 August 2018. a
Livesey, N. J., Snyder, W. V., Read, W. G., and Wagner, P. A.: Retrieval
algorithms for the EOS Microwave limb sounder (MLS), IEEE T. Geosci. Remote,
44, 1144–1155, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.872327, 2006. a
Meek, C. E., Manson, A. H., Hocking, W. K., and Drummond, J. R.: Eureka,
80∘ N, SKiYMET meteor radar temperatures compared with Aura MLS
values, Ann. Geophys., 31, 1267–1277,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1267-2013, 2013. a
Mertens, C. J., Mlynczak, M. G., López-Puertas, M., Wintersteiner, P. P.,
Picard, R. H., Winick, J. R., Gordley, L. L., and Russell, J. M.: Retrieval
of mesospheric and lower thermospheric kinetic temperature from measurements
of CO2 15 µm Earth Limb Emission under non-LTE
conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1391–1394, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012189,
2001. a, b
Pautet, P.-D., Taylor, M. J., Pendleton, W. R., Zhao, Y., Yuan, T., Esplin, R.,
and McLain, D.: Advanced mesospheric temperature mapper for high-latitude
airglow studies, Appl. Optics, 53, 5934–5943, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.53.005934, 2014. a
Remsberg, E. E., Marshall, B. T., Garcia-Comas, M., Krueger, D., Lingenfelser,
G. S., Martin-Torres, J., Mlynczak, M. G., Russell, J. M., Smith, A. K.,
Zhao, Y., Brown, C., Gordley, L. L., Lopez-Gonzalez, M. J., Lopez-Puertas,
M., She, C.-Y., Taylor, M. J., and Thompson, R. E.: Assessment of the quality
of the Version 1.07 temperature-versus-pressure profiles of the middle
atmosphere from TIMED/SABER, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
113, D17101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010013, 2008. a, b
Schwartz, M. J., Lambert, A., Manney, G. L., Read, W. G., Livesey, N. J.,
Froidevaux, L., Ao, C. O., Bernath, P. F., Boone, C. D., Cofield, R. E.,
Daffer, W. H., Drouin, B. J., Fetzer, E. J., Fuller, R. A., Jarnot, R. F.,
Jiang, J. H., Jiang, Y. B., Knosp, B. W., Krüger, K., Li, J. F., Mlynczak,
M. G., Pawson, S., Russell, J. M., Santee, M. L., Snyder, W. V., Stek, P. C.,
Thurstans, R. P., Tompkins, A. M., Wagner, P. A., Walker, K. A., Waters,
J. W., and Wu, D. L.: Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder
temperature and geopotential height measurements, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 113, D15S11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008783, 2008. a, b, c, d
Siva Kumar, V., Rao, P. B., and Krishnaiah, M.: Lidar measurements of
stratosphere-mesosphere thermal structure at a low latitude: Comparison with
satellite data and models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4342,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003029, 2003. a, b
Sivakumar, V., Vishnu Prasanth, P., Kishore, P., Bencherif, H., and Keckhut,
P.: Rayleigh LIDAR and satellite (HALOE, SABER, CHAMP and COSMIC)
measurements of stratosphere-mesosphere temperature over a southern
sub-tropical site, Reunion (20.8∘ S; 55.5∘ E): climatology
and comparison study, Ann. Geophys., 29, 649–662,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-649-2011, 2011. a, b, c
Taori, A., Dashora, N., Raghunath, K., Russell, J. M., and Mlynczak, M. G.:
Simultaneous mesosphere-thermosphere-ionosphere parameter measurements over
Gadanki (13.5∘ N, 79.2∘ E): First results, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 116, A07308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016154, 2011. a, b
Taori, A., Jayaraman, A., Raghunath, K., and Kamalakar, V.: A new method to
derive middle atmospheric temperature profiles using a combination of
Rayleigh lidar and O2 airglow temperatures measurements, Ann.
Geophys., 30, 27–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-27-2012, 2012a. a, b
Taori, A., Kamalakar, V., Raghunath, K., Rao, S., and Russell, J.: Simultaneous
Rayleigh lidar and airglow measurements of middle atmospheric waves over low
latitudes in India, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr.,
78–79, 62–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2011.06.012, 2012b. a, b
Waters, J. W., Froidevaux, L., Harwood, R. S., Jarnot, R. F., Pickett, H. M.,
Read, W. G., Siegel, P. H., Cofield, R. E., Filipiak, M. J., Flower, D. A.,
Holden, J. R., Lau, G. K., Livesey, N. J., Manney, G. L., Pumphrey, H. C.,
Santee, M. L., Wu, D. L., Cuddy, D. T., Lay, R. R., Loo, M. S., Perun, V. S.,
Schwartz, M. J., Stek, P. C., Thurstans, R. P., Boyles, M. A., Chandra,
K. M., Chavez, M. C., Chen, G.-S., Chudasama, B. V., Dodge, R., Fuller,
R. A., Girard, M. A., Jiang, J. H., Jiang, Y., Knosp, B. W., LaBelle, R. C.,
Lam, J. C., Lee, K. A., Miller, D., Oswald, J. E., Patel, N. C., Pukala,
D. M., Quintero, O., Scaff, D. M., Snyder, W. V., Tope, M. C., Wagner, P. A.,
and Walch, M. J.: The Earth observing system microwave limb sounder (EOS MLS)
on the aura Satellite, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote,
44, 1075–1092, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.873771, 2006. a, b
Wing, R., Hauchecorne, A., Keckhut, P., Godin-Beekmann, S., Khaykin, S.,
McCullough, E. M., Mariscal, J.-F., and d'Almeida, É.: Lidar temperature
series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set – Part 1: Improved
retrievals and a 20-year cross-validation of two co-located French lidars,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5531–5547, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5531-2018,
2018. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Wuebbles, D., Fahey, D., and Hibbard, K.: The Climate Science Special Report
(CSSR) of the Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), in: AGU Fall Meeting
Abstracts, 12–16 December 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2016. a
Xu, J., She, C. Y., Yuan, W., Mertens, C., Mlynczak, M., and Russell, J.:
Comparison between the temperature measurements by TIMED/SABER and lidar in
the midlatitude, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 111, A10S09,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011439, 2006.
a
Yuan, T., She, C.-Y., Krueger, D., Reising, S. C., Zhang, X., and
Forbes, J.: A collaborative study on temperature diurnal tide in the
midlatitude mesopause region (41∘ N, 105∘ W) with Na lidar and TIMED/SABER
observations, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr., 72,
541–549, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.02.007, 2010. a
Short summary
We have compared 2433 nights of OHP lidar temperatures (2002–2018) to temperatures derived from the satellites SABER and MLS. We have found a winter stratopause cold bias in the satellite measurements with respect to the lidar (−6 K for SABER and −17 K for MLS), a summer mesospheric warm bias for SABER (6 K near 60 km), and a vertically structured bias for MLS (−4 to 4 K). We have corrected the satellite data based on the lidar-determined stratopause height and found a significant improvement.
We have compared 2433 nights of OHP lidar temperatures (2002–2018) to temperatures derived from...
